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Niyomploy P, Mangmee S, Tipthara P, Saeung A, Reamtong O, Sangvanich P. Lipid biomarker profiling of adult Brugia malayi using mass spectrometry detection. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:226. [PMID: 35992898 PMCID: PMC9381658 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we first reported the lipid profile of adult Brugia malayi using ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS) to provide a promising drug target for lymphatic filariasis (LF). The MS and MS/MS data analysis indicated that there were target lipids, phosphatidylcholines (PC), at m/z 769.5612 and 831.5767, which were found only in adult males, while at m/z 811.6072, they were found only in females, which is interesting for use as a biomarker in LF disease. In addition, the lipid profile showed that three membrane lipid classes, glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids and sphingolipids, were discovered. Glycerophospholipids were the main components in adult parasites, especially phosphatidylcholine (60%) and phosphatidylethanolamine (27%). Phosphatidylglycerol (5%), phosphatidylserine (4%), phosphatidylinositol (4%) and phosphatidic acid (3%). Consequently, the lipid profile of adult B. malayi is significant and not only provides a promising drug target for LF but also assists in a better understanding of the biological process and mechanism by which parasites interfere with LF disease in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03296-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ploypat Niyomploy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Suthee Mangmee
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Phornpimon Tipthara
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Atiporn Saeung
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Polkit Sangvanich
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
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Metabolomics reveal alterations in arachidonic acid metabolism in Schistosoma mekongi after exposure to praziquantel. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009706. [PMID: 34473691 PMCID: PMC8412319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mekong schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by the blood-dwelling fluke Schistosoma mekongi. This disease contributes to human morbidity and mortality in the Mekong region, posing a public health threat to people in the area. Currently, praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug of choice for the treatment of Mekong schistosomiasis. However, the molecular mechanisms of PZQ action remain unclear, and Schistosoma PZQ resistance has been reported occasionally. Through this research, we aimed to use a metabolomic approach to identify the potentially altered metabolic pathways in S. mekongi associated with PZQ treatment. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Adult stage S. mekongi were treated with 0, 20, 40, or 100 μg/mL PZQ in vitro. After an hour of exposure to PZQ, schistosome metabolites were extracted and studied with mass spectrometry. The metabolomic data for the treatment groups were analyzed with the XCMS online platform and compared with data for the no treatment group. After low, medium (IC50), and high doses of PZQ, we found changes in 1,007 metabolites, of which phosphatidylserine and anandamide were the major differential metabolites by multivariate and pairwise analysis. In the pathway analysis, arachidonic acid metabolism was found to be altered following PZQ treatment, indicating that this pathway may be affected by the drug and potentially considered as a novel target for anti-schistosomiasis drug development. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that arachidonic acid metabolism is a possible target in the parasiticidal effects of PZQ against S. mekongi. Identifying potential targets of the effective drug PZQ provides an interesting viewpoint for the discovery and development of new agents that could enhance the prevention and treatment of schistosomiasis.
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Doligalska M, Jóźwicka K, Szewczak L, Nowakowska J, Brodaczewska K, Goździk K, Pączkowski C, Szakiel A. Calendula officinalis Triterpenoid Saponins Impact the Immune Recognition of Proteins in Parasitic Nematodes. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030296. [PMID: 33806494 PMCID: PMC7999767 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of triterpenoid saponins on subcellular morphological changes in the cells of parasitic nematodes remains poorly understood. Our study examines the effect of oleanolic acid glucuronides from marigold (Calendula officinalis) on the possible modification of immunogenic proteins from infective Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri larvae (L3). Our findings indicate that the triterpenoid saponins alter the subcellular morphology of the larvae and prevent recognition of nematode-specific proteins by rabbit immune-IgG. TEM ultrastructure and HPLC analysis showed that microtubule and cytoskeleton fibres were fragmented by saponin treatment. MASCOT bioinformatic analysis revealed that in larvae exposed to saponins, the immune epitopes of their proteins altered. Several mitochondrial and cytoskeleton proteins involved in signalling and cellular processes were downregulated or degraded. As possible candidates, the following set of recognised proteins may play a key role in the immunogenicity of larvae: beta-tubulin isotype, alpha-tubulin, myosin, paramyosin isoform-1, actin, disorganized muscle protein-1, ATP-synthase, beta subunit, carboxyl transferase domain protein, glutamate dehydrogenase, enolase (phosphopyruvate hydratase), fructose-bisphosphate aldolase 2, tropomyosin, arginine kinase or putative chaperone protein DnaK, and galactoside-binding lectin. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD024205.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Doligalska
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (K.J.); (L.S.); (K.B.); (K.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-55-41-115
| | - Kinga Jóźwicka
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (K.J.); (L.S.); (K.B.); (K.G.)
| | - Ludmiła Szewczak
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (K.J.); (L.S.); (K.B.); (K.G.)
| | - Julita Nowakowska
- Laboratory of Electron and Confocal Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Klaudia Brodaczewska
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (K.J.); (L.S.); (K.B.); (K.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Goździk
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (K.J.); (L.S.); (K.B.); (K.G.)
| | - Cezary Pączkowski
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (C.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Szakiel
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (C.P.); (A.S.)
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Riou M, Guégnard F, Le Vern Y, Grasseau I, Koch C, Blesbois E, Kerboeuf D. Effects of cholesterol content on activity of P-glycoproteins and membrane physical state, and consequences for anthelmintic resistance in the nematode Haemonchus contortus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:3. [PMID: 31934848 PMCID: PMC6959138 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2019079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryote plasma membranes protect cells from chemical attack. Xenobiotics, taken up through passive diffusion, accumulate in the membranes, where they are captured by transporters, among which P-glycoproteins (Pgps). In nematodes such as Haemonchus contortus, eggshells and cuticles provide additional protective barriers against xenobiotics. Little is known about the role of these structures in the transport of chemical molecules. Pgps, members of the ABC transporter family, are present in eggshells and cuticles. Changes in the activity of these proteins have also been correlated with alterations in lipids, such as cholesterol content, in eggshells. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. We show here that an experimental decrease in the cholesterol content of eggshells of Haemonchus contortus, with Methyl-beta-CycloDextrin (MβCD), results in an increase in membrane fluidity, favouring Pgp activity and leading to an increase in resistance to anthelmintics. This effect is modulated by the initial degree of anthelminthic resistance of the eggs. These results suggest that eggshell fluidity plays a major role in the modulation of Pgp activity. They confirm that Pgp activity is highly influenced by the local microenvironment, in particular sterols, as observed in some vertebrate models. Thus, eggshell barriers could play an active role in the transport of xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Riou
- INRAE, UE-1277 Plateforme d'infectiologie expérimentale (PFIE), Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France - INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR-1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Fabrice Guégnard
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR-1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Yves Le Vern
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR-1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Isabelle Grasseau
- INRAE, CNRS, HARAS NATIONAUX, IFCE, Université de Tours, UMR-0085 PRC Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Christine Koch
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR-1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Elisabeth Blesbois
- INRAE, CNRS, HARAS NATIONAUX, IFCE, Université de Tours, UMR-0085 PRC Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Dominique Kerboeuf
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR-1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France
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Barreto-Santamaría A, Patarroyo ME, Curtidor H. Designing and optimizing new antimicrobial peptides: all targets are not the same. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019; 56:351-373. [DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1631249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Barreto-Santamaría
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia - FIDIC, Receptor-Ligand Department, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
- Universidad del Rosario, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Manuel E. Patarroyo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia - FIDIC, Receptor-Ligand Department, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Bogotá, Faculty of Medicine, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Hernando Curtidor
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia - FIDIC, Receptor-Ligand Department, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
- Universidad del Rosario, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
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Mina JGM, Denny PW. Everybody needs sphingolipids, right! Mining for new drug targets in protozoan sphingolipid biosynthesis. Parasitology 2018; 145:134-147. [PMID: 28637533 PMCID: PMC5964470 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182017001081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are an integral part of all eukaryotic cellular membranes. In addition, they have indispensable functions as signalling molecules controlling a myriad of cellular events. Disruption of either the de novo synthesis or the degradation pathways has been shown to have detrimental effects. The earlier identification of selective inhibitors of fungal SL biosynthesis promised potent broad-spectrum anti-fungal agents, which later encouraged testing some of those agents against protozoan parasites. In this review we focus on the key enzymes of the SL de novo biosynthetic pathway in protozoan parasites of the Apicomplexa and Kinetoplastidae, outlining the divergence and interconnection between host and pathogen metabolism. The druggability of the SL biosynthesis is considered, alongside recent technology advances that will enable the dissection and analyses of this pathway in the parasitic protozoa. The future impact of these advances for the development of new therapeutics for both globally threatening and neglected infectious diseases is potentially profound.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G M Mina
- Department of Biosciences,Lower Mountjoy,Stockton Road,Durham DH1 3LE,UK
| | - P W Denny
- Department of Biosciences,Lower Mountjoy,Stockton Road,Durham DH1 3LE,UK
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Orikiiriza J, Surowiec I, Lindquist E, Bonde M, Magambo J, Muhinda C, Bergström S, Trygg J, Normark J. Lipid response patterns in acute phase paediatric Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Metabolomics 2017; 13:41. [PMID: 28286460 PMCID: PMC5323494 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-017-1174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have observed serum lipid changes during malaria infection in humans. All of them were focused at analysis of lipoproteins, not specific lipid molecules. The aim of our study was to identify novel patterns of lipid species in malaria infected patients using lipidomics profiling, to enhance diagnosis of malaria and to evaluate biochemical pathways activated during parasite infection. METHODS Using a multivariate characterization approach, 60 samples were representatively selected, 20 from each category (mild, severe and controls) of the 690 study participants between age of 0.5-6 years. Lipids from patient's plasma were extracted with chloroform/methanol mixture and subjected to lipid profiling with application of the LCMS-QTOF method. RESULTS We observed a structured plasma lipid response among the malaria-infected patients as compared to healthy controls, demonstrated by higher levels of a majority of plasma lipids with the exception of even-chain length lysophosphatidylcholines and triglycerides with lower mass and higher saturation of the fatty acid chains. An inverse lipid profile relationship was observed when plasma lipids were correlated to parasitaemia. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates how mapping the full physiological lipid response in plasma from malaria-infected individuals can be used to understand biochemical processes during infection. It also gives insights to how the levels of these molecules relate to acute immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Orikiiriza
- Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, 8 Ireland
- Rwanda Military Hospital, P.O. Box: 3377, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Izabella Surowiec
- Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Mari Bonde
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jimmy Magambo
- Rwanda Military Hospital, P.O. Box: 3377, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Charles Muhinda
- Rwanda Military Hospital, P.O. Box: 3377, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Immmunology and Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sven Bergström
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Microbial Research, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Trygg
- Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Normark
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Microbial Research, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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Yan SK, Liu RH, Jin HZ, Liu XR, Ye J, Shan L, Zhang WD. "Omics" in pharmaceutical research: overview, applications, challenges, and future perspectives. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 13:3-21. [PMID: 25660284 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)60002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the post-genomic era, biological studies are characterized by the rapid development and wide application of a series of "omics" technologies, including genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, lipidomics, cytomics, metallomics, ionomics, interactomics, and phenomics. These "omics" are often based on global analyses of biological samples using high through-put analytical approaches and bioinformatics and may provide new insights into biological phenomena. In this paper, the development and advances in these omics made in the past decades are reviewed, especially genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics; the applications of omics technologies in pharmaceutical research are then summarized in the fields of drug target discovery, toxicity evaluation, personalized medicine, and traditional Chinese medicine; and finally, the limitations of omics are discussed, along with the future challenges associated with the multi-omics data processing, dynamics omics analysis, and analytical approaches, as well as amenable solutions and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Kai Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Run-Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui-Zi Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin-Ru Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ji Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lei Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Shinde S, Mol M, Singh S. Regulatory networks, genes and glycerophospholipid biosynthesis pathway in schistosomiasis: a systems biology view for pharmacological intervention. Gene 2014; 550:214-22. [PMID: 25149020 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Understanding network topology through embracing the global dynamical regulation of genes in an active state space rather than traditional one-gene-one trait approach facilitates the rational drug development process. Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease, has glycerophospholipids as abundant molecules present on its surface. Lack of effective clinical solutions to treat pathogens encourages us to carry out systems-level studies that could contribute to the development of an effective therapy. Development of a strategy for identifying drug targets by combined genome-scale metabolic network and essentiality analyses through in silico approaches provides tantalizing opportunity to investigate the role of protein/substrate metabolism. A genome-scale metabolic network model reconstruction represents choline-phosphate cytidyltransferase as the rate limiting enzyme and regulates the rate of phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis. The uptake of choline was regulated by choline concentration, promoting the regulation of phosphocholine synthesis. In Schistosoma, the change in developmental stage could result from the availability of choline, hampering its developmental cycle. There are no structural reports for this protein. In order to inhibit the activity of choline-phosphate cytidyltransferase (CCT), it was modeled by homology modeling using 1COZ as the template from Bacillus subtilis. The transition-state stabilization and catalytic residues were mapped as 'HXGH' and 'RTEGISTT' motif. CCT catalyzes the formation of CDP-choline from phosphocholine in which nucleotidyltransferase adds CTP to phosphocholine. The presence of phosphocholine permits the parasite to survive in an immunologically hostile environment. This feature endeavors development of an inhibitor specific for cytidyltransferase in Schistosoma. Flavonolignans were used to inhibit this activity in which hydnowightin showed the highest affinity as compared to miltefosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Shinde
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India
| | - Milsee Mol
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India
| | - Shailza Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India.
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Sabareesh V, Singh G. Mass spectrometry based lipid(ome) analyzer and molecular platform: a new software to interpret and analyze electrospray and/or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric data of lipids: a case study from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:465-477. [PMID: 23584940 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Revised: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mass Spectrometry based Lipid(ome) Analyzer and Molecular Platform (MS-LAMP) is a new software capable of aiding in interpreting electrospray ionization (ESI) and/or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometric data of lipids. The graphical user interface (GUI) of this standalone programme is built using Perl::Tk. Two databases have been developed and constituted within MS-LAMP, on the basis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) lipid database (www.mrl.colostate.edu) and that of Lipid Metabolites and Pathways Strategy Consortium (LIPID MAPS; www.lipidmaps.org). Different types of queries entered through GUI would interrogate with a chosen database. The queries can be molecular mass(es) or mass-to-charge (m/z) value(s) and molecular formula. LIPID MAPS identifier also can be used to search but not for M. tb lipids. Multiple choices have been provided to select diverse ion types and lipids. Satisfying to input parameters, a glimpse of various lipid categories and their population distribution can be viewed in the output. Additionally, molecular structures of lipids in the output can be seen using ChemSketch (www.acdlabs.com), which has been linked to the programme. Furthermore, a version of MS-LAMP for use in Linux operating system is separately available, wherein PyMOL can be used to view molecular structures that result as output from General Lipidome MS-LAMP. The utility of this software is demonstrated using ESI mass spectrometric data of lipid extracts of M. tb grown under two different pH (5.5 and 7.0) conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varatharajan Sabareesh
- Proteomics and Structural Biology Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, New Delhi, 110007, India.
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Biot C, Botté CY, Dubar F, Maréchal E. [Targeting malaria parasite at the level of apicoplast: an update]. Med Sci (Paris) 2012; 28:163-71. [PMID: 22377304 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2012282014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1996, the discovery of a relic chloroplast in Plasmodium and Toxoplasma cells has strongly changed our vision of these parasites in the "Tree of Life", and has opened an unexpected new field of investigation in the search for antiparasitic treatments, including antimalarials. This review details our current understanding of the sophisticated evolution of the parasites of the Apicomplexa phylum and briefly covers a decade of research and development in drug discovery, trying to target the malaria parasite at the level of its plant-like organelle. Fifteen years after the discovery of the apicoplast and ten years after the publication of the genome of Plasmodium falciparum, it seems that we have completed a first phase of tests of available antibiotics and herbicides. In the human host, the liver phase is the only parasitic stage, for which biological functions harbored by the apicoplast, such as fatty acid biosynthesis, seem indispensable. During the erythrocytic phase, recent results have focused the attention on the processes controlling the biogenesis of the apicoplast, and one of the functions harbored by the apicoplast, i.e. the biosynthesis of isoprenoids, as major -promising targets for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Biot
- Université Lille Nord de France, université Lille 1, unité de glycobiologie structurale et fonctionnelle, France
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Identification of phospholipid species affected by miltefosine action in Leishmania donovani cultures using LC-ELSD, LC-ESI/MS, and multivariate data analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:1169-82. [PMID: 22065347 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5520-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease principally treated by intravenous drugs. Hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine) has recently proved its efficacy by oral route. Although its mechanism of action has been investigated, and principally relies on perturbations of the metabolism of lipids and especially phospholipids, further studies need to be conducted to detect precisely which metabolic pathways are impacted. For this purpose, the present work proposes a complete lipidomic study focused on membrane phospholipids of clones of Leishmania donovani non-treated (NT), treated (T) and resistant (R) to miltefosine. Firstly, a separation of phospholipids in normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography (NP-HPLC) was coupled to a mass spectrometer (MS) equipped with an electrospray (ESI) ion source, and response was compared to evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD). Secondly, a quantification of phospholipid classes was performed using NP-HPLC/ESI/MS on NT, T and R clones of L. donovani. Thirdly, full-scan acquisitions of analyzed samples were compared using orthogonal signal correction-partial least square-discriminant analysis (OSC-PLS-DA) to highlight phospholipid molecular species of interest between the three types of clones. Structural determination of the most relevant species has finally been performed using tandem mass spectrometry. A first hypothesis on the effect of miltefosine on lipid metabolic pathways is then proposed.
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