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Bao LQ, Nhi DM, Huy NT, Kikuchi M, Yanagi T, Hamano S, Hirayama K. Splenic CD11c+ cells derived from semi-immune mice protect naïve mice against experimental cerebral malaria. Malar J 2015; 14:23. [PMID: 25626734 PMCID: PMC4318192 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-014-0533-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunity to malaria requires innate, adaptive immune responses and Plasmodium-specific memory cells. Previously, mice semi-immune to malaria was developed. Three cycles of infection and cure (‘three-cure’) were required to protect mice against Plasmodium berghei (ANKA strain) infection. Methods C57BL/6 J mice underwent three cycles of P. berghei infection and drug-cure to become semi-immune. The spleens of infected semi-immune mice were collected for flow cytometry analysis. CD11c(+) cells of semi-immune mice were isolated and transferred into naïve mice which were subsequently challenged and followed up by survival and parasitaemia. Results The percentages of splenic CD4(+) and CD11c(+) cells were increased in semi-immune mice on day 7 post-infection. The proportion and number of B220(+)CD11c(+)low cells (plasmacytoid dendritic cells, DCs) was higher in semi-immune, three-cure mice than in their naïve littermates on day 7 post-infection (2.6 vs 1.1% and 491,031 vs 149,699, respectively). In adoptive transfer experiment, three months after the third cured P. berghei infection, splenic CD11c(+) DCs of non-infected, semi-immune, three-cure mice slowed Plasmodium proliferation and decreased the death rate due to neurological pathology in recipient mice. In addition, anti-P. berghei IgG1 level was higher in mice transferred with CD11c(+) cells of semi-immune, three-cure mice than mice transferred with CD11c(+) cells of naïve counterparts. Conclusion CD11c(+) cells of semi-immune mice protect against experimental cerebral malaria three months after the third cured malaria, potentially through protective plasmacytoid DCs and enhanced production of malaria-specific antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam Q Bao
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
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Plasmodium and mononuclear phagocytes. Microb Pathog 2014; 78:43-51. [PMID: 25450889 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria, initially multiplies inside liver cells and then in successive cycles inside erythrocytes, causing the symptoms of the disease. In this review, we discuss interactions between the extracellular and intracellular forms of the Plasmodium parasite and innate immune cells in the mammalian host, with a special emphasis on mononuclear phagocytes. We overview here what is known about the innate immune cells that interact with parasites, mechanisms used by the parasite to evade them, and the protective or detrimental contribution of these interactions on parasite progression through its life cycle and pathology in the host.
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Ibitokou S, Oesterholt M, Brutus L, Borgella S, Agbowaï C, Ezinmègnon S, Lusingu J, Schmiegelow C, Massougbodji A, Deloron P, Troye-Blomberg M, Varani S, Luty AJF, Fievet N. Peripheral blood cell signatures of Plasmodium falciparum infection during pregnancy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49621. [PMID: 23239967 PMCID: PMC3519836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes in placental intervillous spaces causes inflammation and pathology. Knowledge of the profiles of immune cells associated with the physiopathology of pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM) is scarce. We conducted a longitudinal, prospective study, both in Benin and Tanzania, including ∼1000 pregnant women in each site with systematic follow-up at scheduled antenatal visits until delivery. We used ex vivo flow cytometry to identify peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) profiles that are associated with PAM and anaemia, determining the phenotypic composition and activation status of PBMC in selected sub-groups with and without PAM both at inclusion and at delivery in a total of 302 women. Both at inclusion and at delivery PAM was associated with significantly increased frequencies both of B cells overall and of activated B cells. Infection-related profiles were otherwise quite distinct at the two different time-points. At inclusion, PAM was associated with anaemia, with an increased frequency of immature monocytes and with a decreased frequency of regulatory T cells (Treg). At delivery, infected women presented with significantly fewer plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC), more myeloid DC expressing low levels of HLA-DR, and more effector T cells (Teff) compared to uninfected women. Independent associations with an increased risk of anaemia were found for altered antigen-presenting cell frequencies at inclusion, but for an increased frequency of Teff at delivery. Our findings emphasize the prominent role played by B cells during PAM whenever it arises during pregnancy, whilst also revealing signature changes in other circulating cell types that, we conclude, primarily reflect the relative duration of the infections. Thus, the acute, recently-acquired infections present at delivery were marked by changes in DC and Teff frequencies, contrasting with infections at inclusion, considered chronic in nature, that were characterized by an abundance of immature monocytes and a paucity of Treg in PBMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samad Ibitokou
- Centre d'étude et de recherche sur le paludisme associé à la grossesse et à l'enfance (CERPAGE), Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 216, Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales, Paris, France
- PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Mayke Oesterholt
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laurent Brutus
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 216, Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales, Paris, France
- PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Borgella
- Centre d'étude et de recherche sur le paludisme associé à la grossesse et à l'enfance (CERPAGE), Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Carine Agbowaï
- Centre d'étude et de recherche sur le paludisme associé à la grossesse et à l'enfance (CERPAGE), Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Sèm Ezinmègnon
- Centre d'étude et de recherche sur le paludisme associé à la grossesse et à l'enfance (CERPAGE), Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - John Lusingu
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - Christentze Schmiegelow
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Institute of International Health, Immunology, and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Achille Massougbodji
- Centre d'étude et de recherche sur le paludisme associé à la grossesse et à l'enfance (CERPAGE), Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Philippe Deloron
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 216, Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales, Paris, France
- PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Marita Troye-Blomberg
- Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefania Varani
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Adrian J. F. Luty
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 216, Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales, Paris, France
- PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Nadine Fievet
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 216, Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales, Paris, France
- PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Gigley JP, Bhadra R, Moretto MM, Khan IA. T cell exhaustion in protozoan disease. Trends Parasitol 2012; 28:377-84. [PMID: 22832368 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protozoan parasites cause severe morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide, especially in developing countries where access to chemotherapeutic agents is limited. Although parasites initially evoke a robust immune response, subsequent immunity fails to clear infection, ultimately leading to the chronic stage. This enigmatic situation was initially addressed in chronic viral models, where T cells lose their function, a phenomenon referred to as 'exhaustion'. However, recent studies demonstrate that this paradigm can be extended to protozoan diseases as well, although with notable differences. These studies have revealed that T cell responses generated against Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium sp., and Leishmania sp. can become dysfunctional. This review discusses T cell exhaustion in parasitic infection, mechanisms of development, and a possible role in disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Gigley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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