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Ferrinho P, Delgado AP, Mendonca MDLL, Fronteira I, Sidat M, Semedo D, Monteiro FF, Garcia AC, Serrano P, Lapão M, Pires DM, Gómez LF, Castanheira ER, Araújo II. Public health capacity development in Africa: The case of advanced public health education and training in Cabo Verde. J Glob Health 2024; 14:03025. [PMID: 39149817 PMCID: PMC11327893 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.03025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Ferrinho
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Cabo Verde, Praia, Cabo Verde
| | - António Pedro Delgado
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Cabo Verde, Praia, Cabo Verde
| | | | - Inês Fronteira
- National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mohsin Sidat
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Moçambique
| | - Deisa Semedo
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Cabo Verde, Praia, Cabo Verde
| | | | - Ana Cristina Garcia
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Cabo Verde, Praia, Cabo Verde
| | - Pedro Serrano
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuel Lapão
- Executive Secretariat of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dilma Miranda Pires
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Cabo Verde, Praia, Cabo Verde
| | - Lara Ferrero Gómez
- Center for Research, Institutional Relations and Advanced Training, Capeverdian Jean Piaget University, Praia, Cabo Verde
| | - Elen Rose Castanheira
- Faculty of Medicine, Paulista State University Julio de Mesquita, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Isabel Inês Araújo
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Cabo Verde, Praia, Cabo Verde
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Meireles ACA, Rios FGF, Feitoza LHM, da Silva LR, Julião GR. Nondestructive Methods of Pathogen Detection: Importance of Mosquito Integrity in Studies of Disease Transmission and Control. Pathogens 2023; 12:816. [PMID: 37375506 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are vectors of many pathogens, including viruses, protozoans, and helminths, spreading these pathogens to humans as well as to wild and domestic animals. As the identification of species and the biological characterization of mosquito vectors are cornerstones for understanding patterns of disease transmission, and the design of control strategies, we conducted a literature review on the current use of noninvasive and nondestructive techniques for pathogen detection in mosquitoes, highlighting the importance of their taxonomic status and systematics, and some gaps in the knowledge of their vectorial capacity. Here, we summarized the alternative techniques for pathogen detection in mosquitoes based on both laboratory and field studies. Parasite infection and dissemination by mosquitoes can also be obtained via analyses of saliva- and excreta-based techniques or of the whole mosquito body, using a near-infrared spectrometry (NIRS) approach. Further research should be encouraged to seek strategies for detecting target pathogens while preserving mosquito morphology, especially in biodiversity hotspot regions, thus enabling the discovery of cryptic or new species, and the determination of more accurate taxonomic, parasitological, and epidemiological patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Caroline Alves Meireles
- Laboratory of Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz Rondônia, Rua da Beira 7671, Lagoa, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Health, PhD in Sciences-Fiocruz Rondônia/Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rua da Beira 7671, Lagoa, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil
| | - Flávia Geovana Fontineles Rios
- Laboratory of Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz Rondônia, Rua da Beira 7671, Lagoa, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Experimental Biology-PGBIOEXP, Fiocruz Rondônia-UNIR, BR-364, Km 9.5, Porto Velho 78900-550, RO, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Maciel Feitoza
- Laboratory of Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz Rondônia, Rua da Beira 7671, Lagoa, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Experimental Biology-PGBIOEXP, Fiocruz Rondônia-UNIR, BR-364, Km 9.5, Porto Velho 78900-550, RO, Brazil
| | - Lucas Rosendo da Silva
- Laboratory of Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz Rondônia, Rua da Beira 7671, Lagoa, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Experimental Biology-PGBIOEXP, Fiocruz Rondônia-UNIR, BR-364, Km 9.5, Porto Velho 78900-550, RO, Brazil
| | - Genimar Rebouças Julião
- Laboratory of Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz Rondônia, Rua da Beira 7671, Lagoa, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Experimental Biology-PGBIOEXP, Fiocruz Rondônia-UNIR, BR-364, Km 9.5, Porto Velho 78900-550, RO, Brazil
- National Institute of Epidemiology of Western Amazônia-INCT-EpiAmO, Rua da Beira 7671, Lagoa, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil
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Dye-Braumuller KC, Kanyangarara M. Malaria in the USA: How Vulnerable Are We to Future Outbreaks? CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2021; 8:43-51. [PMID: 33469475 PMCID: PMC7808401 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-020-00224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Malaria poses a threat to nearly half of the world’s population, and recent literature in the USA is lacking regarding understanding risk for local outbreaks. This article aims to review Anopheles mosquito data, vector-borne disease outbreak preparedness, and human travel data from large international gateway cities in an effort to examine risk for localized outbreaks. Recent Findings The majority of vector control organizations are widely unprepared for a vector-borne disease outbreak, and multiple mosquito species capable of transmitting malaria continue to persist throughout the USA. Summary Despite the lack of recent autochthonous cases in the USA, multiple risk factors suggest that local malaria outbreaks in the USA will continue to pose a public health threat due to large numbers of international travelers from endemic areas, multiple Anopheles spp. capable of transmitting the parasite, and unsatisfactory vector-borne disease outbreak preparedness. Climate conditions and recent changes in travel patterns will influence malaria across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyndall C Dye-Braumuller
- Laboratory of Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA
| | - Mufaro Kanyangarara
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA
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Jourdain F, Picard M, Sulesco T, Haddad N, Harrat Z, Sawalha SS, Günay F, Kanani K, Shaibi T, Akhramenko D, Sarih M, Velo E, Paronyan L, Pajovic I, Faraj C, Sikharulidze I, Putkaradze D, Maric J, Bosevska G, Janceska E, Bouattour A, Hamidi A, Sherifi K, Alten B, Petrić D, Robert V. Identification of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae): an external quality assessment of medical entomology laboratories in the MediLabSecure Network. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:553. [PMID: 30352609 PMCID: PMC6199703 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of vectors is of prime importance in the field of medical entomology for both operational and research purposes. An external quality assessment of mosquito identification capacities was carried out within the MediLabSecure Network, which is composed of laboratories located in 19 countries close to the European Union around the Mediterranean and Black seas. Methods A set of blind samples consisting of 7 or 8 adult mosquitoes and 4 larvae was given to each participant laboratory. In all, 138 adult mosquitoes and 76 larvae of different species were distributed for genus and species identification. Results All identifications were exclusively morphology based. Overall, 81% of identifications were correct at the genus level, 64% at the species level. The results were highly varied among the 19 participating laboratories. The levels of correct identifications were: 100% (three laboratories), 90–95% (four laboratories), 50–75% (six laboratories) and < 50% (six laboratories). Conclusions This evaluation showed the need to maintain efforts in capacity building and quality control in the field of medical entomology and, more specifically, in the morphological identification of the Culicidae. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3127-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Jourdain
- Research Unit MiVEGEC, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, IRD-CNRS-Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Picard
- Research Unit MiVEGEC, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, IRD-CNRS-Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Tatiana Sulesco
- Institute of Zoology, Ministry of Education, Culture and Research, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Nabil Haddad
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vector Borne Diseases, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Zoubir Harrat
- Laboratoire Éco-épidémiologie Parasitaire et Génétique des Populations, Institut Pasteur d'Algérie, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Samer Saleh Sawalha
- Ministry of Health, Public Health General Directorate, Environmental Health Department, Vector Control Unit, Ramallah, Palestine
| | - Filiz Günay
- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Ecology Section, Vector Ecology Research Group Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Khalil Kanani
- Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Department, Vector-Borne Diseases Programmes Manager, MOH, Amman, Jordan
| | - Taher Shaibi
- Reference Laboratory of Parasites & Vector Borne Diseases, NCDC Libya, and Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Denys Akhramenko
- State Body I.I. Mechnikov Ukrainian Anti-Plague Research Institute of Ministry of Health, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - M'hammed Sarih
- Laboratoire des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Enkelejda Velo
- Control of Infectious Diseases Department, Institute of Public Health, Tirana, Albania
| | - Lusine Paronyan
- Vector-borne and Parasitic Diseases Epidemiology Department, NCDC, Ministry of Health, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Igor Pajovic
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Chafika Faraj
- Laboratoire d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiéne, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Irakli Sikharulidze
- Zooentomology Laboratory, National Center for Disease Control and Public Heath, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - David Putkaradze
- Zooentomology Laboratory, National Center for Disease Control and Public Heath, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Jelena Maric
- P.I. Veterinary Institute of the Republic of Srpska "Dr. Vaso Butozan", Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Golubinka Bosevska
- Laboratory for virology and molecular diagnostics, Institute of Public Health of R. Macedonia, Skopje, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
| | - Elizabeta Janceska
- Laboratory for virology and molecular diagnostics, Institute of Public Health of R. Macedonia, Skopje, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
| | - Ali Bouattour
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT03 Service d'Entomologie Médicale, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Afrim Hamidi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Prishtina, Pristina, Republic of Kosovo
| | - Kurtesh Sherifi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Prishtina, Pristina, Republic of Kosovo
| | - Bülent Alten
- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Ecology Section, Vector Ecology Research Group Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dušan Petrić
- Faculty of Agriculture, Laboratory for Medical and Veterinary Entomology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vincent Robert
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Research Unit MiVEGEC, IRD-CNRS-Montpellier University, Montpellier, France.
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Diallo D, Diallo M. Why is Zika virus so rarely detected during outbreaks and how can detection be improved? BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:524. [PMID: 29084593 PMCID: PMC5661906 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2854-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Even during outbreaks, detection of Zika virus (ZIKV; genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae) in its mosquito vectors is surprisingly uncommon. Here we explore the reason for this apparent paradox and suggest strategies for improving the efficacy of ZIKV detection. Results There are several likely explanations for the rarity of ZIKV detection in field-collected mosquitoes during outbreaks, including the lag between the period when people are clinically ill and the initiation of entomological investigations, the prompt spraying of houses of identified cases, the difficulty of identifying some of the households of ZIKV infected cases, and the low efficiency of the sampling methods currently available. Thus, timely entomological investigation of suspected cases before the intervention of the vector control squad would enhance ZIKV detection from mosquitoes. For this to happen, administrative, financial and logistical issues must be solved before the beginning of outbreaks, and routine entomological surveillance must be conducted in foci of ZIKV amplification. Improving ZIKV detection during outbreaks is of paramount importance because identification of the mosquito species and population involved as vector in a given outbreak is a key element to a comprehensive and effective vector control strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diawo Diallo
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Mawlouth Diallo
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
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