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Demiguel V, Blondel B, Bonnet C, Nguyen-Thanh V, Saurel-Cubizolles MJ, Regnault N. Trends in Tobacco Smoking in Pregnant Women: Data From French National Perinatal Surveys. Int J Public Health 2021; 66:602873. [PMID: 34744568 PMCID: PMC8565271 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2021.602873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To describe maternal smoking trends in France between 1972 and 2016, and identify whether maternal characteristics associated with smoking in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy evolved between 2010 and 2016. Methods: Using French National Perinatal Surveys, we estimated proportions of smokers and the number of cigarettes smoked both just before pregnancy and during the 3rd trimester from 1972 to 2016. We used a Poisson model with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios for smoking during pregnancy. Results: Proportions of mothers quitting smoking were relatively stable (46.0% in 1972 and 45.8% in 2016). The number of cigarettes smoked just before pregnancy and in the 3rd trimester decreased from 1995 onward. However, proportions of smokers remained high before (30.1%) and during the 3rd trimester in 2016 (16.2%). Smoking in the 3rd trimester was associated with a lower education level and lower income in both 2010 and 2016, whereas the association with age, country of birth and parity varied according to the survey year. Conclusion: Early targeted interventions are needed for smokers who plan to have a child and must take smokers' characteristics during pregnancy into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Demiguel
- Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Béatrice Blondel
- Université de Paris, CRESS, INSERM, INRA, Paris, France
- INSERM U1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Paediatric Epidemiology Research Team (Epopé), Paris, France
| | - Camille Bonnet
- Université de Paris, CRESS, INSERM, INRA, Paris, France
- INSERM U1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Paediatric Epidemiology Research Team (Epopé), Paris, France
| | - Viêt Nguyen-Thanh
- Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Marie-Josèphe Saurel-Cubizolles
- Université de Paris, CRESS, INSERM, INRA, Paris, France
- INSERM U1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Paediatric Epidemiology Research Team (Epopé), Paris, France
| | - Nolwenn Regnault
- Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
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Ahmadi O, Machuca C, Sabbah W. Socioeconomic inequality in the provision of health advice in dental setting in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2019; 102:2068-2072. [PMID: 31122817 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess socioeconomic inequalities in health advice provided in dental setting. METHODS Data were from the Adult Dental Health Survey, 2009 of England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Index of Multiple Deprivation, occupational classification and education were used to assess differences in advice on diet, oral hygiene and dental visits using logistic regression. RESULTS The analysis included 6279 participants with complete data. There were significant socioeconomic inequalities in all health advice provided in dental setting. Those with a higher level of education had significant odds ratios of 1.36 (1.06-1.75), 1.40 (1.15-1.70), and 1.82 (1.47-2.25) for having advice on diet, dental visits and oral hygiene, respectively compared to those with lower education. CONCLUSION Inequalities in health advice in the dental setting resemble inequalities in oral health. This implies that those who are most likely to need behaviour-related advice do not receive it. Health policies should address the underpinning causes of inequalities in health advice. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Growing evidence supports the importance of health advice given in dental practice. More time and greater resources should be allocated for comprehensive health advice particularly to the socially disadvantaged to reduce inequalities and subsequently promoting health-related behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Ahmadi
- Division of Population & Patient Health, King's College London Dental Institute, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Carolina Machuca
- Division of Population & Patient Health, King's College London Dental Institute, Denmark Hill, London, UK.
| | - Wael Sabbah
- Division of Population & Patient Health, King's College London Dental Institute, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Hyshka E, Karekezi K, Tan B, Slater LG, Jahrig J, Wild TC. The role of consumer perspectives in estimating population need for substance use services: a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res 2017; 17:217. [PMID: 28320378 PMCID: PMC5359989 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-017-2153-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A growing body of research assesses population need for substance use services. However, the extent to which survey research incorporates expert versus consumer perspectives on service need is unknown. We conducted a large, international review to (1) describe extant research on population need for substance use services, and the extent to which it incorporates expert and consumer perspectives on service need, (2) critically assess methodological and measurement approaches used to study consumer-defined need, and (3) examine the potential for existing research that prioritizes consumer perspectives to inform substance use service system planning. Methods Systematic searches of seven databases identified 1930 peer-reviewed articles addressing population need for substance use services between January 1980 and May 2015. Empirical studies (n = 1887) were categorized according to source(s) of data used to derive population estimates of service need (administrative records, biological samples, qualitative data, and/or quantitative surveys). Quantitative survey studies (n = 1594) were categorized as to whether service need was assessed from an expert and/or consumer perspective; studies employing consumer-defined need measures (n = 217) received further in-depth quantitative coding to describe study designs and measurement strategies. Results Almost all survey studies (96%; n = 1534) used diagnostically-oriented measures derived from an expert perspective to assess service need. Of the small number (14%, n = 217) of survey studies that assessed consumer’s perspectives, most (77%) measured perceived need for generic services (i.e. ‘treatment’), with fewer (42%) examining self-assessed barriers to service use, or informal help-seeking from family and friends (10%). Unstandardized measures were commonly used, and very little research was longitudinal or tested hypotheses. Only one study used a consumer-defined need measure to estimate required service system capacity. Conclusions Rhetorical calls for including consumer perspectives in substance use service system planning are belied by the empirical literature, which is dominated by expert-driven approaches to measuring population need. Studies addressing consumer-defined need for substance use services are conceptually underdeveloped, and exhibit methodological and measurement weaknesses. Further scholarship is needed to integrate multidisciplinary perspectives in this literature, and fully realize the promise of incorporating consumer perspectives into substance use service system planning. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2153-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Hyshka
- School of Public Health, 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada. .,Inner City Health and Wellness Program, B818 Women's Centre, Royal Alexandra Hospital, 10240 Kingsway Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T5H 3VR, Canada.
| | - Kamagaju Karekezi
- School of Public Health, 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Benjamin Tan
- School of Public Health, 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Linda G Slater
- John W. Scott Health Sciences Library, 2 K3.28 Walter C. Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Jesse Jahrig
- School of Public Health, 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - T Cameron Wild
- School of Public Health, 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
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Benson FE, Nagelhout GE, Nierkens V, Willemsen MC, Stronks K. Inequalities in the Impact of National Reimbursement of Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapy and the Influence of Injunctive Norms: An Explorative Study. Subst Abuse 2016; 10:45-53. [PMID: 27257383 PMCID: PMC4880292 DOI: 10.4137/sart.s32225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In 2011, the Dutch government reimbursed smoking cessation pharmacotherapy with behavioral therapy for quitting smokers. We investigate whether inequalities in the use of pharmacotherapy change and, if not, whether this is due to a relatively positive injunctive norm in lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups. A total of 75,415 participants aged ≥15 years from the Dutch Continuous Survey of Smoking Habits, 2009–2012, were considered with the following measures: SES (education/income), injunctive norm (mostly acceptable/neutral/mostly unacceptable), period (2011/all other years), and pharmacotherapy use (yes/no). The proportion of low SES smokers compared with high SES smokers making quit attempts with pharmacotherapy did not differ significantly. The injunctive norm of low SES smokers differed significantly from high SES smokers and nonsmokers of all SES levels. Low income smokers with mostly acceptable injunctive norms were significantly less likely to make quit attempts using pharmacotherapy than those with a neutral or less accepting injunctive norm. The significantly lower use of pharmacotherapy in quit attempts in low income smokers with a positive injunctive norm toward smoking may partly underlie the lack of uptake of reimbursed pharmacotherapy in low SES smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona E Benson
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gera E Nagelhout
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.; Department of Family Medicine, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vera Nierkens
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C Willemsen
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.; Dutch Alliance for a Smokefree Society, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Filippidis FT, Gerovasili V, Vardavas CI, Agaku IT, Tountas Y. Determinants of use of smoking cessation aids in 27 European countries. Prev Med 2014; 65:99-102. [PMID: 24832820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify determinants of use of smoking cessation aids among current and former smokers in the European Union (EU). METHODS Data from n=9921 current and ex-smokers from 27 European countries (Eurobarometer 77.1, February-March 2012) were analysed. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to assess for correlates of use of any recommended aid with proven efficacy, defined as use of pharmacotherapy or psychosocial counselling (p<0.05). The regression analyses assessed for socio-demographic characteristics, EU region, as well as scope of national smoking cessation policies. RESULTS Among current smokers who had made a quit attempt and ex-smokers, 19.9% had used any recommended aid with proven efficacy. Respondents from Northern (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.90), Western (aOR=3.21) and Eastern Europe (aOR=1.69) were more likely to have used an efficacious smoking cessation aid compared to respondents from Southern Europe (all p<0.05). Respondents in countries with comprehensive tobacco cessation programmes that offered cost-covered national quit lines, medication, and other cessation services had increased likelihood of using efficacious cessation aids (OR=1.29; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.07-1.55). CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the need for enhanced and sustained efforts to ensure increased access to cessation services and aids as part of a comprehensive tobacco control programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippos T Filippidis
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, The Reynolds Building, St. Dunstan's Road, London W6 8RP, UK; Center for Health Services Research, University of Athens, Alexandroupoleos 25, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Vasiliki Gerovasili
- 1st Critical Care Medicine Department, Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing and Rehabilitation Laboratory, "Evgenidio" Hospital, NKUA, Papadiamantopoulou 20, 15128, Athens, Greece.
| | - Constantine I Vardavas
- Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, 4th West, Boston, MA, 02215 USA.
| | - Israel T Agaku
- Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, 4th West, Boston, MA, 02215 USA.
| | - Yannis Tountas
- Center for Health Services Research, University of Athens, Alexandroupoleos 25, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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Brown T, Platt S, Amos A. Equity impact of European individual-level smoking cessation interventions to reduce smoking in adults: a systematic review. Eur J Public Health 2014; 24:551-6. [PMID: 24891458 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cku065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is the leading cause of health inequalities in Europe. Adults from lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups are more likely to smoke and less likely to quit than adults from higher SES groups. Smoking cessation support is an important element of tobacco control; however, the equity impact of individual-level cessation support is uncertain. METHODS Systematic review of individual-level smoking cessation interventions delivered in European countries, reporting a smoking cessation outcome (quit) in adults of lower compared with higher SES. Equity impact was assessed as positive (reduced inequality), neutral (no difference by SES), negative (increased inequality) or unclear. RESULTS Twenty-nine studies were included using different types of support: behavioural and pharmacological (17); behavioural only (11), including specialist (5), brief advice (1), mass media (2), text-based (1) and Internet-based (2); and pharmacological only (1). The distribution of equity effects on quitting was 10 neutral, 18 negative and 1 unclear. Two national studies of UK National Health Service (NHS) stop-smoking services showed overall positive equity impact on smoking prevalence. The evidence suggests that UK NHS services that target low-SES smokers achieve a relatively higher service uptake among low-SES smokers, which can compensate for their lower quit rates. CONCLUSIONS Untargeted smoking cessation interventions in Europe may have contributed to reducing adult smoking but are, on balance, likely to have increased inequalities in smoking. However, UK NHS stop-smoking services appear to reduce inequalities in smoking through increased relative reach through targeting services to low-SES smokers. More research is needed to strengthen the evidence-base for reducing smoking inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Brown
- 1 UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephen Platt
- 2 Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Amanda Amos
- 1 UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Douglas L, Szatkowski L. Socioeconomic variations in access to smoking cessation interventions in UK primary care: insights using the Mosaic classification in a large dataset of primary care records. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:546. [PMID: 23738743 PMCID: PMC3710237 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking prevalence is particularly high amongst more deprived social groups. This cross-sectional study uses the Mosaic classification to explore socioeconomic variations in the delivery and/or uptake of cessation interventions in UK primary care. METHODS Data from 460,938 smokers registered in The Health Improvement Network between 2008 and 2010 were analysed. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for smokers having a record of receiving cessation advice or a prescription for a cessation medication during the study period by Townsend quintile and for each of the 11 Mosaic groups and 61 Mosaic types. Both of these measures are area-level indicators of deprivation. Profiles of Mosaic categories were used to suggest ways to target specific groups to increase the provision of cessation support. RESULTS Odds ratios for smokers having a record of advice or a prescription increased with increasing Townsend deprivation quintile. Similarly, smokers in more deprived Mosaic groups and types were more likely to have a documented cessation intervention. The odds of smokers receiving cessation advice if they have uncertain employment and live in social housing in deprived areas were 35% higher than the odds for successful professionals living in desirable areas (odds ratio (OR) 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20-1.52; absolute risks 57.2% and 50.1% respectively), and those in low-income families living in estate-based social housing were 50% more likely to receive a prescription than these successful professionals (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.31-1.73; absolute risks 19.5% and 13% respectively). Smokers who did not receive interventions were generally well educated, financially successful, married with no children, read broadsheet newspapers and had broadband internet access. CONCLUSIONS Wide socioeconomic variations exist in the delivery and/or uptake of smoking cessation interventions in UK primary care, though encouragingly the direction of this variation may help to reduce smoking prevalence-related socioeconomic inequalities in health. Groups with particularly low intervention rates may be best targeted through broadsheet media, the internet and perhaps workplace-based interventions in order to increase the delivery and uptake of effective quit support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Douglas
- UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, University of Nottingham, Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Lisa Szatkowski
- UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, University of Nottingham, Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
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Westmaas JL, Abroms L, Bontemps-Jones J, Bauer JE, Bade J. Using the internet to understand smokers' treatment preferences: informing strategies to increase demand. J Med Internet Res 2011; 13:e58. [PMID: 21873150 PMCID: PMC3222178 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.1666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most smokers attempt to quit on their own even though cessation aids can substantially increase their chances of success. Millions of smokers seek cessation advice on the Internet, so using it to promote cessation products and services is one strategy for increasing demand for treatments. Little is known, however, about what cessation aids these smokers would find most appealing or what predicts their preferences (eg, age, level of dependence, or timing of quit date). OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to gain insight into how Internet seekers of cessation information make judgments about their preferences for treatments, and to identify sociodemographic and other predictors of preferences. METHODS An online survey assessing interest in 9 evidence-based cessation products and services was voluntarily completed by 1196 smokers who visited the American Cancer Society's Great American Smokeout (GASO) webpage. Cluster analysis was conducted on ratings of interest. RESULTS In total, 48% (572/1196) of respondents were "quite a bit" or "very much" interested in nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), 45% (534/1196) in a website that provides customized quitting advice, and 37% (447/1196) in prescription medications. Only 11.5% (138/1196) indicated similar interest in quitlines, and 17% (208/1196) in receiving customized text messages. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis revealed that interest in treatments formed 3 clusters: interpersonal-supportive methods (eg, telephone counseling, Web-based peer support, and in-person group programs), nonsocial-informational methods (eg, Internet programs, tailored emails, and informational booklets), and pharmacotherapy (NRT, bupropion, and varenicline). Only 5% (60/1196) of smokers were "quite a bit" or "very much" interested in interpersonal-supportive methods compared with 25% (298/1196) for nonsocial-informational methods and 33% (399/1196) for pharmacotherapy. Multivariate analyses and follow-up comparisons indicated that level of interest in pharmacotherapy ("quite a bit or "very much" vs. "not at all") varied as a function of education (n = 575, χ(2) (3) =16.6, P = .001), age (n = 528, χ(2) (3) = 8.2, P = .04), smoking level (n = 514, χ(2) (3) = 9.5, P = .02), and when smokers were planning to quit (n = 607, χ(2) (4) = 34.0, P < .001). Surprisingly, greater age was associated with stronger interest in nonsocial-informational methods (n = 367, χ(2) (3) = 10.8, P = .01). Interest in interpersonal-supportive methods was greater if smokers had used a quitline before (n = 259, χ(2) (1) = 18.3, P < .001), or were planning to quit earlier rather than later (n = 148, χ(2) (1) = 4.9, P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Smokers accessing the Internet for information on quitting appear to differentiate cessation treatments by how much interpersonal interaction or support the treatment entails. Quitting date, smoking level, and sociodemographic variables can identify smokers with varying levels of interest in the 3 classes of cessation methods identified. These results can potentially be used to more effectively target and increase demand for these treatments among smokers searching the Internet for cessation information.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lee Westmaas
- Behavioral Research Center, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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Wasserfallen JB, Digon P, Cornuz J. Medical and pharmacological direct costs of a 9-week smoking cessation programme. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2011; 19:565-70. [DOI: 10.1177/1741826711406059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Medical and pharmacological direct costs of cigarette smoking cessation programmes are not covered by health insurance in several countries despite documented cost-effectiveness. Design: prospective cost identification study of a 9-week programme in Switzerland. Methods: A total of 481 smokers were followed-up for 9 weeks. Socio-demographic characteristics, number of outpatient visits, dosage and frequency of use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) as well as date of relapse were prospectively collected. Individual cost of care until relapse or programme end as well as cost per week of follow-up were computed. Comparisons were carried out between the groups with or without relapse at the end of the programme. Results: Of the 209 men and 272 women included, 347 patients (72%) finished the programme. Among them, 240 patients (70%) succeeded in quitting and 107 patients (30%) relapsed. As compared with the group relapsing by the end of the programme, the group succeeding in quitting was more often living in a couple (68% vs. 55%, p = 0.029). Their mean weekly costs of visits were higher (CHF 81.2 ± 6.1 vs. 78.4 ± 7.6, p = 0.001), while their mean weekly costs for NRT were similar (CHF 24.2 ± 12.6 vs. 25.4 ± 15.9, p = 0.711). Mean total costs per week were similar (CHF 105.4 ± 15.4 vs. 103.8 ± 19.4, p = 0.252). More intensive NRT at week 4 increased the probability not to relapse at the end of the programme. Conclusions: Over 9 weeks, medical and pharmacological costs of stopping smoking are low. Good medical and social support as well as adequate NRT seem to play a role in successful quitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Blaise Wasserfallen
- Health Technology Assessment Unit, Medical Direction, University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Health Economics and Management, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Digon
- Institute of Health Economics and Management, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Cornuz
- Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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Marques-Vidal P, Melich-Cerveira J, Paccaud F, Waeber G, Vollenweider P, Cornuz J. Opinions on tobacco control policies in Lausanne, Switzerland, 2003-2006. Prev Med 2010; 51:193-4. [PMID: 20576540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the determinants of opinions regarding tobacco control policies in the Swiss general population. METHODS Cross-sectional study conducted between 2003 and 2006 on a random sample of adult residents of Lausanne, Switzerland, aged 35-75 years (2601 women and 2398 men). Nine questions on smoking policies were applied. RESULTS Ninety-five percent of responders supported policies that would help smokers to quit, 92% no selling of tobacco to subjects aged less than 16 years, 87% a smoking ban in public places and 86% a national campaign against smoking. A further 77% supported a total ban on tobacco advertising, 74% the reimbursement of nicotine replacement therapies and 70% an increase in the price of cigarettes. A lower support was found for two non-evidence-based interventions total ban of tobacco sales (35%) and promotion of light cigarettes (22%). Never smokers, women, physically active subjects, teetotallers and subjects with lower educational level were more likely to favour stronger measures while no differences were found between age groups. Reimbursement of nicotine replacement therapies was favoured more by current smokers and inactive subjects. CONCLUSION The vast majority of responders supported the recommended tobacco control policies. Opinions regarding specific interventions vary according to the policy and subjects' characteristics.
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Mackie P, Sim F. When worlds collide. Public Health 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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