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Rodzlan Hasani WS, Muhamad NA, Hanis TM, Maamor NH, Wee CX, Omar MA, Ganapathy SS, Abdul Karim Z, Musa KI. The burden of premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review of years of life lost. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283879. [PMID: 37083866 PMCID: PMC10121009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Premature mortality refers to deaths that occur before the expected age of death in a given population. Years of life lost (YLL) is a standard parameter that is frequently used to quantify some component of an "avoidable" mortality burden. OBJECTIVE To identify the studies on premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and synthesise their findings on YLL based on the regional area, main CVD types, sex, and study time. METHOD We conducted a systematic review of published CVD mortality studies that reported YLL as an indicator for premature mortality measurement. A literature search for eligible studies was conducted in five electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The synthesis of YLL was grouped into years of potential life lost (YPLL) and standard expected years of life lost (SEYLL) using descriptive analysis. These subgroups were further divided into WHO (World Health Organization) regions, study time, CVD type, and sex to reduce the effect of heterogeneity between studies. RESULTS Forty studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Of these, 17 studies reported premature CVD mortality using YPLL, and the remaining 23 studies calculated SEYLL. The selected studies represent all WHO regions except for the Eastern Mediterranean. The overall median YPLL and SEYLL rates per 100,000 population were 594.2 and 1357.0, respectively. The YPLL rate and SEYLL rate demonstrated low levels in high-income countries, including Switzerland, Belgium, Spain, Slovenia, the USA, and South Korea, and a high rate in middle-income countries (including Brazil, India, South Africa, and Serbia). Over the past three decades (1990-2022), there has been a slight increase in the YPLL rate and the SEYLL rate for overall CVD and ischemic heart disease but a slight decrease in the SEYLL rate for cerebrovascular disease. The SEYLL rate for overall CVD demonstrated a notable increase in the Western Pacific region, while the European region has experienced a decline and the American region has nearly reached a plateau. In regard to sex, the male showed a higher median YPLL rate and median SEYLL rate than the female, where the rate in males substantially increased after three decades. CONCLUSION Estimates from both the YPLL and SEYLL indicators indicate that premature CVD mortality continues to be a major burden for middle-income countries. The pattern of the YLL rate does not appear to have lessened over the past three decades, particularly for men. It is vitally necessary to develop and execute strategies and activities to lessen this mortality gap. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021288415.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Asiah Muhamad
- Sector for Evidence-Based Healthcare, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tengku Muhammad Hanis
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hasnah Maamor
- Sector for Evidence-Based Healthcare, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chen Xin Wee
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sungai Buloh Campus, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azahadi Omar
- Sector for Biostatistics and Data Repository, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shubash Shander Ganapathy
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zulkarnain Abdul Karim
- Office of The Manager, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kamarul Imran Musa
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Roy Chowdhury S, Bohara AK. Measuring the societal burden of cancer: a case of lost productivity in Nepal. Public Health 2020; 185:306-311. [PMID: 32717672 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The global patterns of cancer incidences and mortality rates are slowly shifting towards low- and middle-income countries. Through our article, we highlight the societal cost associated with premature mortality and morbidity of cancer in Nepal. The monetary loss is indicative of the severity of the issue and it serves to motivate the policymakers realize the urgency in devising appropriate cancer control strategies. STUDY DESIGN The study design is a cross-sectional study using the GLOBOCAN 2012 data. METHODS Using the human capital approach, we measure the number of years of life lost (YLL) and the number of years of productive life lost (YPLL) due to cancer in Nepal. RESULTS We found that following diagnosis, a Nepali patient with cancer is likely to lose out on 19.64 years of their life; the average number of YLL is higher for females (22.2 years vs 16.8 years in males). After adjusting for labor force participation rate and predicted growth rate of the economy, we found that cancer led to a total productivity loss of $149 million (males) and $121 million (females) in 2012. The burden of the top five cancers accounted for almost half of the total productivity loss in both the genders. Cervical and lung cancer incur the maximum cost to society, respectively, for females and males. CONCLUSIONS The article highlighted the severity of the cancer issue and emphasized the urgency needed in devising cancer control policies in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Roy Chowdhury
- National Council of Applied Economic Research, New Delhi, India.
| | - A K Bohara
- Department of Economics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
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Fifteen-year mortality trends in Poland analysed with the use of standard expected years of life lost, 2000-2014. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8730. [PMID: 28821855 PMCID: PMC5562698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is an evaluation of years of life lost by inhabitants of Poland according to the most important causes of mortality and identification of trends in the period 2000-2014. The study material included a database which contained information gathered from 5,601,568 death certificates of inhabitants of Poland. In order to calculate years of life lost, the SEYLLp index (Standard Expected Years of Life Lost per living person) was applied. We also calculated AAPC (Average Annual Percentage Change). The SEYLLp index (per 10,000 population) in Poland decreased from 2503.4 in 2000 to 2193.2 in 2014 among males (AAPC = -0.8%, p < 0.05) and from 1430.2 in 2000 to 1269.4 in 2014 among females (AAPC = -0.6%, p < 0.05). In 2014, the top 5 causes of years of life lost were: cardiovascular diseases (721.4 per 10,000 males and 475.6 per 10,000 females), malignant tumours (575.5 and 418.3), unintentional injuries (202.2 and 46.8), intentional injuries (114.6 and 16.3) and digestive diseases (120.2 and 58.3). Due to negative trends, there is a need to implement preventative measures, aimed at reducing mortality caused by respiratory infections in both males and females, malignant tumours in females and diabetes mellitus and intentional injuries in males.
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Tomašević R, Milosavljević T, Stojanović D, Gluvić Z, Dugalić P, Ilić I, Vidaković R. Predictive Value of Carcinoembryonic and Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 Related to Some Clinical, Endoscopic and Histological Colorectal Cancer Characteristics. J Med Biochem 2016; 35:324-332. [PMID: 28356884 PMCID: PMC5346811 DOI: 10.1515/jomb-2016-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an important oncological and public health problem worldwide, including Serbia. Unfortunately, half of the patients are recognized in an advanced stage of the disease, therefore, early detection through specific tumor biomarkers, such as carcinoembryonic (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), is the only way to cope with CRC expansion. METHODS Our cross-sectional study evaluated the influence of some clinical, endoscopic and histological characteristics of CRC on CEA and CA 19-9 serum levels, to determine whether these biomarkers could be related to CRC detection. The study included 372 participants: 181 suffered from CRC and 191 participants were controls. Endoscopic and histological examinations were used for CRC diagnosis, while additional ultrasound and abdominal computerised tomography imaging were used for staging the disease. Measurement of CEA and CA 19-9 was performed after CRC confirmation. RESULTS Age, gender, tumor localization, macro-morphological and histological characteristics did not influence biomarkers serum levels. Both were significantly higher (p<0.01) in patients with Dukes D stage of CRC compared with controls. Sensitivity (76.8%) and specificity (76.6%) of CEA alone were higher than for CA 19-9, but with no statistical significance. Furthermore, sensitivity of CEA alone in the Dukes A/B group was similar to the entire CRC patient group. CONCLUSIONS Although not recommended as a screening method for the general population, elevated values of each biomarker indicate further diagnostic procedures and their simultaneous testing can improve the diagnostic sensitivity in early detection of CRC, as shown by the united analysis (AUC 0.842).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratko Tomašević
- Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, Belgrade, Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Belgrade, School of Medicine
| | - Tomica Milosavljević
- Clinical Center of Serbia, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Clinic, University of Belgrade, School of Medicine
| | - Dragoš Stojanović
- Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, Belgrade, Surgery Clinic, University of Belgrade, School of Medicine
| | - Zoran Gluvić
- Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, Belgrade, Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Belgrade, School of Medicine
| | - Predrag Dugalić
- Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, Belgrade, Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Belgrade, School of Medicine
| | - Ivan Ilić
- Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, Belgrade, Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Belgrade, School of Medicine
| | - Radosav Vidaković
- Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, Belgrade, Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Belgrade, School of Medicine
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Bryła M, Pikala M, Maniecka-Bryła I. Years of Life Lost due to Premature Mortality in a Province with the Shortest Life Expectancy in Poland. Cent Eur J Public Health 2016; 24:156-62. [PMID: 27434249 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate years of life lost for citizens of the Lodz Province, which is characterized by the lowest life expectancy in Poland, and to identify current trends in this area according to the most common causes of death. METHODS The study material included a database containing information gathered from 470,000 death certificates of Lodz Province inhabitants, who died between 1999 and 2011. In order to calculate years of life lost, the authors applied the SEYLLp (Standard Expected Years of Life Lost per living person) and SEYLLd (per death) indices. The analysis of time trends was carried out with the application of joinpoint models. RESULTS The SEYLLp measure was 2,300 years per 10,000 males and 1,500 years per 10,000 females in 2011. Cardiovascular diseases contributed to the highest number of years of life lost (SEYLLp=682 years per 10,000 males and 559 years per 10,000 females). Next were malignant neoplasms (SEYLLp=505 years per 10,000 males and 437 years per 10,000 females), external causes of death (SEYLLp=361 years per 10,000 males and 83 years per 10,000 females). The number of years of life lost due to acute myocardial infarction decreased most rapidly, the Annual Percent Change (APC) was -10.1% in males and -3.7% in females. However, heart failure contributed to the highest increase in the number of years of life lost (APC=10.8% in males and 10.9% in females). CONCLUSIONS A further decrease in the mortality rate due to cardiovascular diseases might contribute to the highest reduction of years of life lost. The most effective preventive activities are those aimed at reducing productive years of life lost due to a particular cause of death, i.e. road traffic accidents, suicides, cirrhosis of the liver, alcoholic liver disease, and malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchi and lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Bryła
- Social Medicine Department, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pikala
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Irena Maniecka-Bryła
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Makarova N, Brand T, Brünings-Kuppe C, Pohlabeln H, Luttmann S. Comparative analysis of premature mortality among urban immigrants in Bremen, Germany: a retrospective register-based linkage study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e007875. [PMID: 27000782 PMCID: PMC4809093 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main objective of this study was to explore differences in mortality patterns among two large immigrant groups in Germany: one from Turkey and the other from the former Soviet Union (FSU). To this end, we investigated indicators of premature mortality. DESIGN This study was conducted as a retrospective population-based study based on mortality register linkage. Using mortality data for the period 2004-2010, we calculated age-standardised death rates (SDR) and standardised mortality ratios (SMR) for premature deaths (<age 65 years). We computed years of potential life lost (YPLL) and analysed the underlying causes of death contributing to premature mortality. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS In this study, we made use of the unique possibilities of register-based research in relation to migration and health. Analyses were performed in three population groups in the federal state of Bremen, Germany: immigrants from Turkey, those from the FSU and the general population. RESULTS The SDRs for premature deaths of the two immigrant groups were lower compared to those of the general population. The SMRs remained under 1. Using the indicator of YPLL, we observed higher age-standardised YPLL rates among immigrant populations, particularly among males from the FSU compared to females and population groups 4238/100,000, 95% CI (4119 to 4358). Regarding main causes of premature death, we found larger contributions of infant mortality and diseases of the respiratory system among Turkish immigrants, and of injuries and poisonings, and mental and behavioural disorders among immigrants from the FSU. CONCLUSIONS While the overall trends favour the immigrant populations, the indicator of YPLL and cause-specific results indicate areas where the healthcare systems responsiveness may need to be improved, including preventive services. Further work with broader databases providing a similar level of differentiation is necessary to substantiate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Makarova
- Unit of Social Epidemiology, Department Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology—BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), University Heart Center (UHZ), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Brand
- Unit of Social Epidemiology, Department Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology—BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Claudia Brünings-Kuppe
- Unit of IT, Data Management and Medical Documentation, Department of Biometry and Data Management, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology—BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hermann Pohlabeln
- Unit of Statistical Modelling of Primary Data, Department of Biometry and Data Management, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology—BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sabine Luttmann
- Unit of Translational Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology—BIPS, Bremen, Germany
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Maniecka-Bryła I, Bryła M, Bryła P, Pikala M. The burden of premature mortality in Poland analysed with the use of standard expected years of life lost. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:101. [PMID: 25884915 PMCID: PMC4328237 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite positive changes in the health of the population of Poland, compared to the EU average, the average life expectancy in 2011 was 5 years shorter for males and 2.2 years shorter for females. The immediate cause is the great number of premature deaths, which results in years of life lost in the population. The aim of the study was to identify the major causes of years of life lost in Poland. Methods The analysis was based on a database of the Central Statistical Office of Poland, containing information gathered from 375,501 death certificates of inhabitants of Poland who died in 2011. The SEYLLp (Standard Expected Years of Life Lost per living person) and the SEYLLd (SEYLL per death) measures were calculated to determine years of life lost. Results In 2011, the total number of years of life lost by in Polish residents due to premature mortality was 2,249,213 (1,415,672 for males and 833,541 for females). The greatest number of years of life lost in males were due to ischemic heart disease (7.8 per 1,000), lung cancer (6.0), suicides (6.6), cerebrovascular disease (4.6) and road traffic accidents (5.4). In females, the factors contributing to the greatest number of deaths were cerebrovascular disease (3.8 per 1,000), ischemic heart disease (3.7), heart failure (2.7), lung cancer (2.5) and breast cancer (2.3). Regarding the individual scores per person in both males and females, the greatest death factors were road traffic accidents (20.2 years in males and 17.1 in females), suicides (17.4 years in males and 15.4 in females) and liver cirrhosis (12.1 years in males and 11.3 in females). Conclusions It would be most beneficial to further reduce the number of deaths due to cardiovascular diseases, because they contribute to the greatest number of years of life lost. Moreover, from the economic point of view, the most effective preventative activities are those which target causes which result in a large number of years of life lost at productive age for each death due to a particular reason, i.e. road traffic accidents, suicides and liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Maniecka-Bryła
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Chair of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, Lodz, Poland. .,Department of Social Medicine, Chair of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marek Bryła
- Department of Social Medicine, Chair of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Paweł Bryła
- Department of International Marketing and Retailing, University of Lodz, Narutowicza 59a, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Pikala
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Chair of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, Lodz, Poland.
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Pikala M, Bryla M, Bryla P, Maniecka-Bryla I. Years of life lost due to external causes of death in the lodz province, poland. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96830. [PMID: 24810942 PMCID: PMC4014557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study is the analysis of years of life lost due to external causes of death, particularly due to traffic accidents and suicides. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study material includes a database containing information gathered from 376,281 death certificates of inhabitants of the Lodz province who died between 1999 and 2010. The Lodz province is characterized by the highest mortality rates in Poland. The SEYLLp (Standard Expected Years of Life Lost per living person) and the SEYLLd (per death) indices were used to determine years of life lost. Joinpoint models were used to analyze time trends. RESULTS In 2010, deaths due to external causes constituted 6.0% of the total number of deaths. The standardized death rate (SDR) due to external causes was 110.0 per 100,000 males and was five times higher than for females (22.0 per 100,000 females). In 2010, the SEYLLp due to external causes was 3746 per 100,000 males and 721 per 100,000 females. Among males, suicides and traffic accidents were the most common causes of death (the values of the SEYLLp were: 1098 years and 887 years per 100,000 people, respectively). Among females, the SEYLLp values were 183 years due to traffic accidents and 143 years due to suicides (per 100,000 people). CONCLUSIONS A decrease in the number of years of life lost due to external causes is much higher among females. The authors observe that a growing number of suicides contribute to an increase in the value of the SEYLLp index. This directly contributes to over-mortality of males due to external causes. The analysis of the years of life lost focuses on the social and economic aspects of premature mortality due to external causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Pikala
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Chair of Social and Preventive Medicine of the Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Bryla
- Department of Social Medicine, the Chair of Social and Preventive Medicine of the Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Pawel Bryla
- Department of International Marketing and Retailing, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Irena Maniecka-Bryla
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Chair of Social and Preventive Medicine of the Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Plass D, Chau PYK, Thach TQ, Jahn HJ, Lai PC, Wong CM, Kraemer A. Quantifying the burden of disease due to premature mortality in Hong Kong using standard expected years of life lost. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:863. [PMID: 24044523 PMCID: PMC3848717 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To complement available information on mortality in a population Standard Expected Years of Life Lost (SEYLL), an indicator of premature mortality, is increasingly used to calculate the mortality-associated disease burden. SEYLL consider the age at death and therefore allow a more accurate view on mortality patterns as compared to routinely used measures (e.g. death counts). This study provides a comprehensive assessment of disease and injury SEYLL for Hong Kong in 2010. Methods To estimate the SEYLL, life-expectancy at birth was set according to the 2004 Global Burden of Disease study at 82.5 and 80 years for females and males, respectively. Cause of death data for 2010 were corrected for misclassification of cardiovascular and cancer causes. In addition to the baseline estimates, scenario analyses were performed using alternative assumptions on life-expectancy (Hong Kong standard life-expectancy), time-discounting and age-weighting. To estimate a trend of premature mortality a time-series analysis from 2001 to 2010 was conducted. Results In 2010 524,706.5 years were lost due to premature death in Hong Kong with 58.3% of the SEYLL attributable to male deaths. The three overall leading single causes of SEYLL were “trachea, bronchus and lung cancers”, “ischaemic heart disease” and “lower respiratory infections” together accounting for about 29% of the overall SEYLL. Further, self-inflicted injuries (5.6%; ranked 5) and liver cancer (4.9%; ranked 7) were identified as important causes not adequately captured by classical mortality measures. Scenario analyses highlighted that by using a 3% time-discount rate and non-uniform age-weights the SEYLL dropped by 51.6%. Using Hong Kong’s standard life-expectancy values resulted in an overall increase of SEYLL by 10.8% as compared to the baseline SEYLL. Time-series analysis indicates an overall increase of SEYLL by 6.4%. In particular, group I (communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional) conditions showed highest increases with SEYLL-rates per 100,000 in 2010 being 1.4 times higher than 2001. Conclusions The study stresses the mortality impact of diseases and injuries that occur in earlier stages of life and thus presents the SEYLL measure as a more sensitive indicator compared to classical mortality indicators. SEYLL provide useful additional information and supplement available death statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Plass
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
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Gènova-Maleras R, Catalá-López F, de Larrea-Baz NF, Álvarez-Martín E, Morant-Ginestar C. The burden of premature mortality in Spain using standard expected years of life lost: a population-based study. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:787. [PMID: 21989453 PMCID: PMC3208248 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Measures of premature mortality have been used to guide debates on future health priorities and to monitor the population health status. Standard expected years of life lost (SEYLL) is one of the methods used to assess the time lost due to premature death. This article affords an overview of premature mortality in Spain for the year 2008. Methods A population-based study was conducted estimating SEYLL by sex and age groups. SEYLL, a key component of the disability-adjusted life years measure of disease burden, was calculated using Princeton West standard life tables with life expectancy at birth fixed at 80 years for males and 82.5 years for females. Population data and specific death records were obtained from the official registers of the National Institute of Statistics. All data were analysed and prepared in GesMor and Epidat software packages. Results The burden of premature mortality was estimated at 2.1 million SEYLL when age at death is taken into account. Males lost 60.9% and females lost 39.1% of total SEYLL. Malignant tumors (34.5%) and cardiovascular diseases (24.0%) were the leading categories in terms of SEYLL. Ischaemic heart disease (8.5%) and lung cancers (8.0%) were the most common specific causes of SEYLL followed by cerebrovascular diseases (5.9%), colorectal cancer (4.1%), road traffic accidents (3.5%), Alzheimer and other dementias (2.9%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2.8%), breast cancer (2.8%) and suicides (2.6%). Conclusions In Spain, premature mortality was essentially due to chronic non-communicable diseases. Data provided in this study are relevant for a more balanced health agenda aimed at reducing the burden of premature mortality. This study also represents a first step in estimating the overall burden of disease in terms of premature death and disability.
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Gobrane HLB, Hajjem S, Aounallah-Skhiri H, Achour N, Hsairi M. Mortalité par cancer en Tunisie : calcul des années de vies perdues. SANTE PUBLIQUE 2011. [DOI: 10.3917/spub.111.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Stankov S, Stankov K. Descriptive epidemiology of breast cancer in Vojvodina. Breast 2010; 20:192-5. [PMID: 21185723 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Revised: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of our study was to perform the epidemiological analysis of the breast cancer in Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia, in 15 years period (1987-2001). Descriptive method was used in epidemiological analysis of the data from the Vojvodina cancer registry. According to our results the breast cancer is the most frequent neoplasm in women in Vojvodina (26.54% of all cancers), and the leading cause of mortality (20.97%). Linear trend for both incidence and mortality crude and standardized rates showed the significant and unfavorable increase from 1987 to 2001.
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Santric Milicevic M, Bjegovic V, Terzic Z, Vukovic D, Kocev N, Marinkovic J, Vasic V. Serbia within the European context: An analysis of premature mortality. Popul Health Metr 2009; 7:12. [PMID: 19656367 PMCID: PMC2736921 DOI: 10.1186/1478-7954-7-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Based on the global predictions majority of deaths will be collectively caused by cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and traffic accidents over the coming 25 years. In planning future national health policy actions, inter – regional assessments play an important role. The purpose of the study was to analyze similarities and differences in premature mortality between Serbia, EURO A, EURO B, and EURO C regions in 2000. Methods Mortality and premature mortality patterns were analysed according to cause of death, by gender and seven age intervals. The study results are presented in relative (%) and absolute terms (age-specific and age-standardized death rates per 100,000 population, and age-standardized rates of years of life lost – YLL per 1,000). Direct standardization of rates was undertaken using the standard population of Europe. The inter-regional comparison was based on a calculation of differences in YLL structures and with a ratio of age-standardized YLL rates per 1,000. A multivariate generalized linear model was used to explore mortality of Serbia and Europe sub-regions with ln age-specific death rates. The dissimilarity was achieved with a p ≤ 0.05. Results According to the mortality pattern, Serbia was similar to EURO B, but with a lower average YLL per death case. YLL patterns indicated similarities between Serbia and EURO A, while SRR YLL had similarities between Serbia and EURO B. Compared to all Europe sub-regions, Serbia had a major excess of premature mortality in neoplasms and diabetes mellitus. Serbia had lost more years of life than EURO A due to cardiovascular, genitourinary diseases, and intentional injuries. Yet, Serbia was not as burdened with communicable diseases and injuries as were EURO B and EURO C. Conclusion With a premature mortality pattern, Serbia is placed in the middle position of the Europe triangle. The main excess of YLL in Serbia was due to cardiovascular, malignant diseases, and diabetes mellitus. The results may be used for assessment of unacceptable social risks resulting from health inequalities. Within intentions to reduce an unfavourable premature mortality gap, it is necessary to reconsider certain local polices and practices as well as financial and human resources incorporated in the prevention of disease and injury burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Santric Milicevic
- Institute of Social Medicine, School of Medicine University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 15, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Bjegovic
- Institute of Social Medicine, School of Medicine University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 15, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Terzic
- Institute of Social Medicine, School of Medicine University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 15, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejana Vukovic
- Institute of Social Medicine, School of Medicine University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 15, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Kocev
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, School of Medicine University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 15, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Marinkovic
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, School of Medicine University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 15, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Vasic
- Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Faculty of Economics, University of Belgrade, Kamenicka 6, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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