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Singh A, Sullivan R, Bavaskar M, Shetty R, Joshi P, Nair S, Gupta S, Chaturvedi P, Badwe R. A prospective health economic evaluation to determine the productivity loss due to premature mortality from oral cancer in India. Head Neck 2024. [PMID: 38622958 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION India contributes two-thirds of the global mortality due to oral cancer and has a younger population at risk. The societal costs of this premature mortality are barely discussed. METHODS Using the human capital approach, we aimed to estimate the productivity lost due to premature mortality, valued using individual socioeconomic data, related to oral cancer in India. A bottom-up approach was used to prospectively collect data of 100 consecutive patients with oral cancer treated between 2019 and 2020, with a follow-up of 36 months. RESULTS The disease-specific survival for early and advanced stage was 85% and 70%, with a median age of 47 years. With 671 years lost prematurely, the loss of productivity was $41 900/early and $96 044/advanced stage. Based on population level rates, the total cost of premature mortality was $5.6 billion, representing 0.18% of GDP. CONCLUSION India needs to implement tailored strategies to reduce the economic burden from premature mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Singh
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | | | - Manasi Bavaskar
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Rathan Shetty
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Poonam Joshi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Sudhir Nair
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Sudeep Gupta
- Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Rajendra Badwe
- Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
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Mitro SD, Sundaram R, Qiao Y, Gleason JL, Yeung E, Hinkle SN, Mendola P, Mills JL, Grandi SM, Mumford SL, Schisterman EF, Zhang C, Grantz KL. History of multifetal gestation and long-term maternal mortality. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2024; 38:219-226. [PMID: 37969031 PMCID: PMC10978292 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multifetal gestation could be associated with higher long-term maternal mortality because it increases the risk of pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and preterm birth, which are in turn linked to postpartum cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVES We examined whether spontaneously conceived multifetal versus singleton gestation was associated with long-term maternal mortality in a racially diverse U.S. COHORT METHODS We ascertained vital status as of 2016 via linkage to the National Death Index and Social Security Death Master File of 44,174 mothers from the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP; 1959-1966). Cox proportional hazards models with maternal age as the time scale assessed associations between history of spontaneous multifetal gestation (in the last CPP observed pregnancy or prior pregnancy) and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, adjusted for demographics, smoking status, and preexisting medical conditions. We calculated hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality over the study period and until age 50, 60, and 70 years (premature mortality). RESULTS Of eligible participants, 1672 (3.8%) had a history of multifetal gestation. Participants with versus without a history of multifetal gestation were older, more likely to have a preexisting condition, and more likely to smoke. By 2016, 51% of participants with and 38% of participants without a history of multifetal gestation had died (unadjusted all-cause HR 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07, 1.23). After adjustment for smoking and preexisting conditions, a history of multifetal gestation was not associated with all-cause (adjusted HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.93, 1.08) or cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.87, 1.11) over the study period. However, history of multifetal gestation was associated with an 11% lower risk of premature all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82, 0.96). CONCLUSIONS In a cohort with over 50 years of follow-up, history of multifetal gestation was not associated with all-cause mortality, but may be associated with a lower risk of premature mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna D Mitro
- Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Rajeshwari Sundaram
- Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yan Qiao
- Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica L Gleason
- Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Edwina Yeung
- Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stefanie N Hinkle
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pauline Mendola
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - James L Mills
- Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sonia M Grandi
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sunni L Mumford
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Enrique F Schisterman
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Bia-Echo Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity & Equality, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Katherine L Grantz
- Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Laugharne R, Sawhney I, Perera B, Wainwright D, Bassett P, Caffrey B, O'Dwyer M, Lamb K, Wilcock M, Roy A, Oak K, Eustice S, Newton N, Sterritt J, Bishop R, Shankar R. Chronic constipation in people with intellectual disabilities in the community: cross-sectional study. BJPsych Open 2024; 10:e55. [PMID: 38425039 PMCID: PMC10951845 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2024.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-third to half of people with intellectual disabilities suffer from chronic constipation (defined as two or fewer bowel movements weekly or taking regular laxatives three or more times weekly), a cause of significant morbidity and premature mortality. Research on risk factors associated with constipation is limited. AIMS To enumerate risk factors associated with constipation in this population. METHOD A questionnaire was developed on possible risk factors for constipation. The questionnaire was sent to carers of people with intellectual disabilities on the case-loads of four specialist intellectual disability services in England. Data analysis focused on descriptively summarising responses and comparing those reported with and without constipation. RESULTS Of the 181 people with intellectual disabilities whose carers returned the questionnaire, 42% reported chronic constipation. Constipation was significantly associated with more severe intellectual disability, dysphagia, cerebral palsy, poor mobility, polypharmacy including antipsychotics and antiseizure medication, and the need for greater toileting support. There were no associations with age or gender. CONCLUSIONS People with intellectual disabilities may be more vulnerable to chronic constipation if they are more severely intellectually disabled. The associations of constipation with dysphagia, cerebral palsy, poor mobility and the need for greater toileting support suggests people with intellectual disabilities with significant physical disabilities are more at risk. People with the above disabilities need closer monitoring of their bowel health. Reducing medication to the minimum necessary may reduce the risk of constipation and is a modifiable risk factor that it is important to monitor. By screening patients using the constipation questionnaire, individualised bowel care plans could be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Laugharne
- Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Truro, UK; and Cornwall Intellectual Disability Equitable Research (CIDER), University of Plymouth, Truro, UK
| | - Indermeet Sawhney
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Hatfield, UK
| | - Bhathika Perera
- Department of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Maire O'Dwyer
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Kirsten Lamb
- Cornwall Intellectual Disability Equitable Research (CIDER), University of Plymouth, Truro, UK
| | | | - Ashok Roy
- Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Katy Oak
- Royal Cornwall Hospitals Trust, Truro, UK
| | | | - Nick Newton
- Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Truro, UK
| | | | - Ruth Bishop
- Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Truro, UK; and Cornwall Intellectual Disability Equitable Research (CIDER), University of Plymouth, Truro, UK
| | - Rohit Shankar
- Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Truro, UK; and Cornwall Intellectual Disability Equitable Research (CIDER), University of Plymouth, Truro, UK
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Gonuguntla K, Sattar Y, Iqbal K, Sharma A, Yadav R, Alharbi A, Chobufo MD, Naeem M, Shaik A, Balla S. Trends in Premature Mortality from Acute Myocardial Infarction in American Indians/Alaska Natives in the United States from 1999 to 2020. Am J Cardiol 2024; 213:72-75. [PMID: 38110025 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) groups. They are disproportionately found to have a higher rate of premature myocardial infarction (MI). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research were queried to identify premature MI deaths (female <65 years and male <55 years) occurring within the United States between 1999 and 2020. We investigated proportionate mortality trends related to premature MI in AI/ANs stratified by gender. Deaths attributed to acute MI (AMI) were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes I21 to I22. We compared the proportional mortality rate because of premature MI with that of a non-AI/AN racial group, which comprised all other races (Blacks, Whites, and Asian/Pacific Islander populations). In AI/ANs, we analyzed a total of 14,055 AMI deaths, of which 3,211 were premature MI deaths corresponding to a proportionate mortality rate of 22.8% (male 20.8%, female 26.2%). The non-AI/AN population had a lower proportionate mortality of 14.8% (male 13.7%, female 16%), p <0.01). On trend analysis, there was no significant improvement over time in the proportionate mortality of AI/ANs (19.8% in 1999 to 21.7% in 2020, p = 0.09). Upon comparison of gender, proportionate mortality of premature MI in women showed a statistically nonsignificant increase from 21.6% in 1999 to 27.3% in 2020 [average annual percent change of 0.7, p = 0.06)]. However, men had a statistically significant decrease in proportionate mortality of premature MI from 18.5% in 1999 to 18.2% in 2020 [average annual percent change of -0.8, p = 0.01)]. AI/ANs have an alarmingly higher rate of proportionate mortality of premature MI than that of other races, with no improvement in the proportionate mortality rates over 20 years, despite an overall downtrend in AMI mortality. Further research to address the reasons for the lack of improvement in premature MI is needed to improve outcomes in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Gonuguntla
- Department of Cardiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Yasar Sattar
- Department of Cardiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Kinza Iqbal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aakanksha Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, New York City, New York
| | - Ritu Yadav
- Midwestern University Graduate Medical Education Consortium/Verde Valley Medical Center, Cottonwood, Arizona
| | - Anas Alharbi
- Department of Cardiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Muchi Ditah Chobufo
- Department of Cardiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Minahil Naeem
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Shaik
- Department of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Sudarshan Balla
- Department of Cardiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.
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Liao Q, Li Z, Li Y, Dai X, Kang N, Niu Y, Tao Y. Specific analysis of PM 2.5-attributed disease burden in typical areas of Northwest China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1338305. [PMID: 38192558 PMCID: PMC10771959 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1338305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Frequent air pollution events in Northwest China pose a serious threat to human health. However, there is a lack of specific differences assessment in PM2.5-related disease burden. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the PM2.5-related premature deaths and health economic losses in this typical northwest region, taking into account disease-specific, age-specific, and region-specific factors. Methods We utilized the WRF-Chem model to simulate and analyze the characteristics and exposure levels of PM2.5 pollution in Gansu Province, a typical region of Northwest China. Subsequently, we estimated the premature mortality and health economic losses associated with PM2.5 by combining the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM) and the Value of a Statistical Life (VSL). Results The results suggested that the PM2.5 concentrations in Gansu Province in 2019 varied spatially, with a decrease from north to south. The number of non-accidental deaths attributable to PM2.5 pollution was estimated to be 14,224 (95% CI: 11,716-16,689), accounting for 8.6% of the total number of deaths. The PM2.5-related health economic loss amounted to 28.66 (95% CI: 23.61-33.63) billion yuan, equivalent to 3.3% of the regional gross domestic product (GDP) in 2019. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke were the leading causes of PM2.5-attributed deaths, contributing to 50.6% of the total. Older adult individuals aged 60 and above accounted for over 80% of all age-related disease deaths. Lanzhou had a higher number of attributable deaths and health economic losses compared to other regions. Although the number of PM2.5-attributed deaths was lower in the Hexi Corridor region, the per capita health economic loss was higher. Conclusion Gansu Province exhibits distinct regional characteristics in terms of PM2.5 pollution as well as disease- and age-specific health burdens. This highlights the significance of implementing tailored measures that are specific to local conditions to mitigate the health risks and economic ramifications associated with PM2.5 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhenglei Li
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xuan Dai
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ning Kang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yibo Niu
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Tao
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Li L, Lai J, Zhang J, Van Spall HGC, Thabane L, Lip GYH, Li G. Remnant cholesterol and risk of premature mortality: An analysis from a nationwide prospective cohort study. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes 2023:qcad071. [PMID: 38100387 DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the relationship between remnant cholesterol (RC) and risk of premature mortality as well as life expectancy in the general population. METHODS We included a total of 428,804 participants from the UK Biobank for analyses. Equivalent population percentiles approach based on the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) cut-off points was performed to categorize participants into three RC groups: low (with a mean RC of 0.34 mmol/L), moderate (0.53 mmol/L), and high (1.02 mmol/L). We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the relationship between RC groups and risk of premature mortality (defined as death before age 75 years). Life table methods were used to estimate life expectancy by RC groups. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.1 years (Q1 - Q3: 11.0 - 13.0), there were 23,693 all-cause premature deaths documented with an incidence of 4.83 events per 1,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.77 - 4.89). Compared with low RC group, the moderate RC group was associated with a 9% increased risk of all-cause premature mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05 - 1.14), while the high RC group had an 11% higher risk (HR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.07 - 1.16). At the age of 50 years, high RC group was associated with an average 2.2 lower years of life expectancy for females, and an average 0.1 lower years of life expectancy for males when compared to their counterparts in low RC group. CONCLUSIONS Elevated RC was significantly related to increased risk of premature mortality and reduced life expectancy. Premature death in the general population would benefit from measurement to aid risk stratification and proactive management of RC to improved cardiovascular risk prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likang Li
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Harriette G C Van Spall
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Evaluation of Medicines, St Joseph's Health Care, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Guowei Li
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Centre, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Zhang RT, Chen CM, Liu ST, Wu HC, Zhou WQ, Li P. [Health Benefit Assessment of Coal-to-electricity Policy on PM 2.5 Pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2023; 44:6541-6550. [PMID: 38098382 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202211327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
To accurately assess the health benefits of the coal-to-electricity policy during the heating period in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) Region, the premature deaths caused by PM2.5 before and after the implementation of the coal-to-electricity policy during the heating period in each district and county of the BTH Region were estimated, and the corresponding health loss values were calculated using the willingness to pay method. The results showed that the implementation of the coal-to-electricity policy in the BTH Region brought 1745 cases(95% CI:1443-1907) of health benefits and 2.38 billion yuan(95% CI:1.45-3.06) in economic benefits. In Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei there were 495 cases(95% CI:436-554), 296 cases(95% CI:238-354), and 954 cases(95% CI:693-1076) of health benefits, respectively. The economic benefits were 0.35 billion yuan(95% CI:0.30-0.39), 0.33 billion yuan(95% CI:0.27-0.40), and 1.70 billion yuan(95% CI:0.88-2.28), respectively, accounting for 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.04% of GDP in each region. The number of premature deaths due to COPD, LC, ALRI, IHD, and STROKE decreased by 187 cases(95% CI:165-224), 318 cases(95% CI:178-458), 193 cases(95% CI:115-204), 506 cases(95% CI:232-780), and 542 cases(95% CI:463-621), respectively. Areas with relatively high environmental PM2.5 concentrations and concentrated population-intensive pollution emissions can achieve significant health and economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Ting Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Chuan-Min Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Song-Tao Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Hua-Cheng Wu
- Jibei Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co., Ltd., North China Electric Power Research Institute Company Limited, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Wei-Qing Zhou
- Jibei Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co., Ltd., North China Electric Power Research Institute Company Limited, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Peng Li
- Jibei Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co., Ltd., North China Electric Power Research Institute Company Limited, Beijing 100045, China
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Hamilton EM, Yang L, Wright N, Turnbull I, Mentzer AJ, Matthews PC, Chen Y, Du H, Kartsonaki C, Pang Y, Pei P, Tian H, Yang X, Avery D, Yu C, Lv J, Clarke R, Li L, Millwood IY, Chen Z. Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Risk of Stroke Types: A Prospective Cohort Study of 500 000 Chinese Adults. Stroke 2023; 54:3046-3053. [PMID: 37942646 PMCID: PMC10664797 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.043327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and permanent disability in China, with large and unexplained geographic variations in rates of different stroke types. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is prevalent among Chinese adults and may play a role in stroke cause. METHODS The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank included >500 000 adults aged 30 to 79 years who were recruited from 10 (5 urban and 5 rural) geographically diverse areas of China from 2004 to 2008, with determination of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity at baseline. During 11 years of follow-up, a total of 59 117 incident stroke cases occurred, including 11 318 intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), 49 971 ischemic stroke, 995 subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 3036 other/unspecified stroke. Cox regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for risk of stroke types associated with HBsAg positivity. In a subset of 17 833 participants, liver enzymes and lipids levels were measured and compared by HBsAg status. RESULTS Overall, 3.0% of participants were positive for HBsAg. HBsAg positivity was associated with an increased risk of ICH (adjusted HR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.16-1.44]), similarly for fatal (n=5982; adjusted HR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.16-1.59]) and nonfatal (n=5336; adjusted HR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.06-1.44]) ICH. There were no significant associations of HBsAg positivity with risks of ischemic stroke (adjusted HR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.92-1.03]), subarachnoid hemorrhage (adjusted HR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.57-1.33]), or other/unspecified stroke (adjusted HR, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.89-1.42]). Compared with HBsAg-negative counterparts, HBsAg-positive individuals had lower lipid and albumin levels and higher liver enzyme levels. After adjustment for liver enzymes and albumin, the association with ICH from HBsAg positivity attenuated to 1.15 (0.90-1.48), suggesting possible mediation by abnormal liver function. CONCLUSIONS Among Chinese adults, chronic hepatitis B virus infection is associated with an increased risk of ICH but not other stroke types, which may be mediated through liver dysfunction and altered lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Hamilton
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (E.M.H., L.Y., N.W., I.T., Y.C., H.D., C.K., X.Y., D.A., R.C., I.Y.M., Z.C.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (E.M.H., L.Y., N.W., I.T., Y.C., H.D., C.K., X.Y., D.A., R.C., I.Y.M., Z.C.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (L.Y., C.K., I.Y.M., Z.C), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Wright
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (E.M.H., L.Y., N.W., I.T., Y.C., H.D., C.K., X.Y., D.A., R.C., I.Y.M., Z.C.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Turnbull
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (E.M.H., L.Y., N.W., I.T., Y.C., H.D., C.K., X.Y., D.A., R.C., I.Y.M., Z.C.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. Mentzer
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (A.J.M.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa C. Matthews
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, United Kingdom (P.C.M.)
- Matthews lab HBV Elimination Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom (P.C.M.)
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (E.M.H., L.Y., N.W., I.T., Y.C., H.D., C.K., X.Y., D.A., R.C., I.Y.M., Z.C.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China (Y.P., P.P., C.Y., J.L., L.L.)
| | - Huaidong Du
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (E.M.H., L.Y., N.W., I.T., Y.C., H.D., C.K., X.Y., D.A., R.C., I.Y.M., Z.C.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (E.M.H., L.Y., N.W., I.T., Y.C., H.D., C.K., X.Y., D.A., R.C., I.Y.M., Z.C.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (L.Y., C.K., I.Y.M., Z.C), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yuanjie Pang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.P., C.Y., J.L., L.L.)
| | - Pei Pei
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China (Y.P., P.P., C.Y., J.L., L.L.)
| | - Huizi Tian
- Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control Department, Henan, China (H.T.)
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (E.M.H., L.Y., N.W., I.T., Y.C., H.D., C.K., X.Y., D.A., R.C., I.Y.M., Z.C.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Avery
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (E.M.H., L.Y., N.W., I.T., Y.C., H.D., C.K., X.Y., D.A., R.C., I.Y.M., Z.C.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.P., C.Y., J.L., L.L.)
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China (Y.P., P.P., C.Y., J.L., L.L.)
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.P., C.Y., J.L., L.L.)
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China (Y.P., P.P., C.Y., J.L., L.L.)
| | - Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (E.M.H., L.Y., N.W., I.T., Y.C., H.D., C.K., X.Y., D.A., R.C., I.Y.M., Z.C.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.P., C.Y., J.L., L.L.)
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China (Y.P., P.P., C.Y., J.L., L.L.)
| | - Iona Y. Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (E.M.H., L.Y., N.W., I.T., Y.C., H.D., C.K., X.Y., D.A., R.C., I.Y.M., Z.C.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (L.Y., C.K., I.Y.M., Z.C), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (E.M.H., L.Y., N.W., I.T., Y.C., H.D., C.K., X.Y., D.A., R.C., I.Y.M., Z.C.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (L.Y., C.K., I.Y.M., Z.C), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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9
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Piñeiro B, Spijker JJA, Trias-Llimós S, Blanes Llorens A, Permanyer I. Trends in cause-specific mortality: deaths of despair in Spain, 1980-2019. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:854-862. [PMID: 37491646 PMCID: PMC10687877 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research from various countries has shown increases in alcohol- and drug-related deaths and suicide, known as 'deaths of despair' over recent decades, particularly among low-educated middle-aged individuals. However, little is known about trends in death-of-despair causes in Spain. Therefore, we aim to descriptively examine this among 25-64-year-olds from 1980 to 2019 and by educational attainment for the years 2017-19. METHODS We obtained mortality and population data from the National Institute of Statistics to estimate age-standardized mortality rates and assess educational inequalities using the relative index of inequality (RII). RESULTS Deaths of despair as a share of total mortality slightly increased from 2000 onwards, particularly among 25-64-year-old men (from 9 to 10%). Only alcohol-related mortality declined relatively more since 1980 compared with all-cause mortality. Regarding educational differences, low-educated men presented higher mortality rates in all death-of-despair causes (alcohol-related: RII 3.54 (95% CI: 2.21-5.66); drug-related: RII 3.49 (95% CI: 1.80-6.77); suicide: RII 1.97 (95% CI: 1.49-2.61)). Women noteworthy differences were only observed for alcohol-related (RII 3.50 (95% CI: 2.13-5.75)). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest an increasing proportion of deaths of despair among 25-64-year-olds since 2000, particularly among men. Public health policies are needed to reduce and prevent these premature and preventable causes of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Piñeiro
- Centre d’Estudis Demogràfics, Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra/Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jeroen J A Spijker
- Centre d’Estudis Demogràfics, Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra/Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Trias-Llimós
- Centre d’Estudis Demogràfics, Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra/Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amand Blanes Llorens
- Centre d’Estudis Demogràfics, Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra/Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iñaki Permanyer
- Centre d’Estudis Demogràfics, Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra/Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Casal B, Rivera B, Currais L. Evidence of the adverse effects of air pollution on the population's health in Spain: analysis of the economic costs of premature deaths. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2023; 39:e00145922. [PMID: 37585903 PMCID: PMC10494681 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen145922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air pollution increases mortality and morbidity, leading disabilities, and premature deaths. Air pollution has been identified as a leading cause of global disease burden, especially in low- and middle-income countries in 2015 (Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study, 2015). This study explores the relation between mortality rates and particulate matter (PM) concentrations in the 50 Spanish regions for the period 2002-2017. Moreover, we estimated the premature deaths due to PM in Spain according to welfare and production losses in 2017. Random-effects models were developed to evaluate the relation between mortality rates and PM concentrations. The economic cost of premature deaths was assessed using the Willingness to Pay approach to quantify welfare losses and the Human Capital method to estimate production losses. PM10 concentrations are positively related to mortality due to respiratory diseases and stroke. Based on 10,342 premature deaths in 2017, losses in welfare amount to EUR 36,227 million (3.1% of Spanish GDP). The economic value of current and future production losses reached EUR 229 million (0.02% of GDP). From a social perspective, air pollution is a public health concern that greatly impacts health and quality of life. Results highlight the need to implement or strengthen regulatory, fiscal, and health public policies to substantially benefit the population's health by reducing their exposure to air pollution.
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11
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Byrne P. Meeting the challenges of rising premature mortality in people with severe mental illness. Future Healthc J 2023; 10:98-102. [PMID: 37786630 PMCID: PMC10540805 DOI: 10.7861/fhj.2023-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
People with severe mental illness are 4.5 times more likely to die prematurely than the general UK population. We review the drivers of poorer physical health across mental health conditions and propose some practical approaches to addressing this in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Byrne
- Royal London Hospital, London, UK, and co-director, Public Mental Health Implementation Centre, Royal College of Psychiatrists, UK
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12
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Németh N, Boncz I, Pakai A, Elmer D, Horváth L, Pónusz R, Csákvári T, Kívés Z, Horváth IG, Endrei D. Inequalities in premature mortality from ischaemic heart disease in the WHO European region. Cent Eur J Public Health 2023; 31:120-126. [PMID: 37451245 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a7287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is one of the leading causes of premature mortality. Our aim was to analyse standardised premature mortality rates from IHD by geographical groups in the age group 45-59 years. METHODS We performed a retrospective, quantitative analysis of age-standardized mortality rates from IHD between 1990-2014 per 100,000 population in Western European (WE: N = 17), Eastern European countries (EE: N = 10), and countries of the former Soviet Union (fSU: N = 15) within the European Region of the World Health Organisation (WHO) based on data retrieved from the WHO European Mortality Database. Descriptive statistics, time series analysis and statistical tests were used for the analyses (ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, paired t-test). RESULTS On average, age-standardized death rates (ASDR) from IHD per 100,000 population were the lowest in WE (men 1990: 143.67, 2014: 50.29; women 1990: 29.06, 2014: 9.89), and the highest in fSU (men 1990: 358.69, 2014: 253.25; women 1990: 99.78, 2014: 57.85). Between 1990 and 2014, all three groups experienced significant decrease in ASDR both in men and women (fSU: -29.39%, -42.02%; EE: -49.41%, -50.57%; WE: -64.99%, -65.97%, respectively) (p < 0.05). Between 1990 and 2004, ASDR decreased in WE in both sexes (p < 0.001), in EE among males (p = 0.032). Between 2004 and 2014, ASDR from IHD decreased significantly in both sexes in fSU and WE, in EE only among women (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS During the whole period analysed, ischaemic heart disease mortality significantly decreased in both sexes in all the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Németh
- Institute for Health Insurance, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Imre Boncz
- Institute for Health Insurance, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Annamária Pakai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Szombathely Campus, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Diána Elmer
- Institute for Health Insurance, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Lilla Horváth
- Institute for Health Insurance, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Pónusz
- Institute for Health Insurance, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tímea Csákvári
- Institute for Health Insurance, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Kívés
- Institute for Health Insurance, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Iván Gábor Horváth
- Heart Institute, Clinical Centre, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Dóra Endrei
- Institute for Health Insurance, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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13
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Macchia L. Understanding Despair: The Role of Physical Pain. Am J Health Promot 2023:8901171231177849. [PMID: 37199706 DOI: 10.1177/08901171231177849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, mortality due to alcohol, opioid overdose, and suicide has increased dramatically in the last decades. These deaths of despair have been the focus of recent and fast-growing literature. Yet little is known about the factors that are involved in despair. This article moves this area of research forward by highlighting the role that physical pain plays in the deaths of despair. This piece critically analyses the link between physical pain, the psychological states that precede pain, and the premature mortality that follows physical pain as well as the bidirectional relationships among these aspects.
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14
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Moryson W, Kalinowski P, Kotecki P, Stawińska-Witoszyńska B. Changes in the Level of Premature Mortality in the Polish Population Due to Selected Groups of Cardiovascular Diseases before and during the Pandemic of COVID-19. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082913. [PMID: 37109249 PMCID: PMC10144974 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the years 2020 and 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted Poland's health care system and caused a high number of excess deaths. After nearly 30 years of continuous dynamic increase in the life expectancy of the Polish population and a decrease in premature mortality that led to a reduction in the health gap between Poland and Western European countries, regrettably, a decline in life expectancy was recorded. For males, the decline amounted to 2.3 years and, for females, to 2.1 years. AIM The aim of this study was to assess changes in the level of premature mortality due to selected cardiovascular diseases in Poland before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD Time trends of deaths of patients under the age of 65 due to ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and aortic aneurysm were analyzed by gender and age groups. The joinpoint model was used in determining time trends. RESULTS Premature mortality due to all of the cardiovascular diseases analyzed had been declining steadily by about 5% per year since 2008. However, at the end of the second decade of the 21st century, a significant change in the dynamics of the trend was observed, particularly with regard to deaths from ischemic heart disease, which since 2018 caused premature mortality increases of 10% per year in the female population. In the male population, an increase of nearly 20% per year has been observed since 2019. The changes also affected premature mortality due to cerebrovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS After nearly three decades of significant decline in premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases in Poland, there was a reversal in the trend, in particular as regards ischemic heart disease. The unfavorable changes intensified in the subsequent two years. The simultaneous increase in the number of cardiovascular incidents ending in death and the decline in access to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment may explain the unfavorable changes in the deaths caused by cardiovascular disease and the increase in premature mortality due to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wacław Moryson
- Department of Epidemiology and Hygiene, Chair of Social Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Kalinowski
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Kotecki
- Department of Epidemiology and Hygiene, Chair of Social Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Stawińska-Witoszyńska
- Department of Epidemiology and Hygiene, Chair of Social Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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15
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Nacher M, Basurko C, Douine M, Lambert Y, Hcini N, Elenga N, Le Turnier P, Epelboin L, Djossou F, Couppié P, de Toffol B, Drak Alsibai K, Sabbah N, Adenis A. The Epidemiologic Transition in French Guiana: Secular Trends and Setbacks, and Comparisons with Continental France and South American Countries. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8040219. [PMID: 37104345 PMCID: PMC10143289 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8040219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There are great variations between population subgroups, notably in poorer countries, leading to substantial inconsistencies with those predicted by the classical epidemiologic transition theory. In this context, using public data, we aimed to determine how the singular case of French Guiana fit and transitioned in the epidemiologic transition framework. The data show a gradual decline in infant mortality to values above 8 per 1000 live births. Premature mortality rates were greater but declined more rapidly in French Guiana than in mainland France until 2017 when they reascended in a context of political turmoil followed by the COVID-19 pandemic and strong reluctance to get vaccinated. Although infections were a more frequent cause of death in French Guiana, there is a marked decline and circulatory and metabolic causes are major causes of premature death. Fertility rates remain high (>3 live births per woman), and the age structure of the population is still pyramid-shaped. The singularities of French Guiana (rich country, universal health system, widespread poverty) explain why its transition does not fit neatly within the usual stages of transition. Beyond gradual improvements in secular trends, the data also suggest that political turmoil and fake news may have detrimentally affected mortality in French Guiana and reversed improving trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Nacher
- Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, CIC INSERM 1424, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
- Amazonian Infrastructures for Population Health, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
- Département Formation Recherche, Université de Guyane, Campus de Troubiran, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Célia Basurko
- Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, CIC INSERM 1424, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
- Amazonian Infrastructures for Population Health, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Maylis Douine
- Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, CIC INSERM 1424, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
- Amazonian Infrastructures for Population Health, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Yann Lambert
- Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, CIC INSERM 1424, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
- Amazonian Infrastructures for Population Health, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Najeh Hcini
- Amazonian Infrastructures for Population Health, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais, 97320 Saint Laurent du Maroni, French Guiana
| | - Narcisse Elenga
- Amazonian Infrastructures for Population Health, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
- Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Pédiatrie, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Paul Le Turnier
- Amazonian Infrastructures for Population Health, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
- Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Loïc Epelboin
- Amazonian Infrastructures for Population Health, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
- Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Félix Djossou
- Amazonian Infrastructures for Population Health, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
- Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Pierre Couppié
- Amazonian Infrastructures for Population Health, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
- Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Service de Dermatologie, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Bertrand de Toffol
- Amazonian Infrastructures for Population Health, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
- Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Service de Neurologie, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Kinan Drak Alsibai
- Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, CIC INSERM 1424, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
- Amazonian Infrastructures for Population Health, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Nadia Sabbah
- Amazonian Infrastructures for Population Health, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
- Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Service d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Antoine Adenis
- Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, CIC INSERM 1424, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
- Amazonian Infrastructures for Population Health, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
- Département Formation Recherche, Université de Guyane, Campus de Troubiran, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
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16
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Reich L, Hartnack S, Fitzi-Rathgen J, Reichler IM. [Life expectancy of mesocephalic, dolichocephalic and brachycephalic dog breeds in Switzerland]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2023; 165:235-0. [PMID: 37021744 DOI: doi.org/10.17236/sat00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lifespan and time of death of dogs died in Switzerland between 2016 and 2020 were evaluated in order to increase the awareness of the public to animal welfare-related consequences of extreme brachycephalic breeding and to clarify the torture breeding problem of dogs suffering from brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS). Skull shape, body size, country of origin and altitude of the registered place of residence at the time of death were analysed in a set of anonymized data from the national animal database Amicus as potential factors influencing the life expectancy. Death rate during summer months and the altitude of the reported place of residence at death were analysed in relation to the skull shape to demonstrate the heat intolerance of brachycephalic dog breeds. The final dataset included 137 469 dogs. The average age of death of the study population was 11,8 years, mixed breeds reaching a higher average age of 12,4 years than purebred dogs with 11,5 years. Bodyweight classification, skull shape and the origin of the dogs had a significant effect on the average lifespan. Giant breeds reached with 9,0 years the lowest mean age compared to the other bodyweight categories. The mean life expectancy of brachycephalic dogs was 9,8 years, i.e., 2,1 and 1,7 years less than mesocephalic and dolichocephalic dogs, respectively. Brachycephalic dogs and dogs imported from abroad showed increased mortality at a young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Reich
- Abteilung Kleintierreproduktion, Vetsuisse Fakultät, Universität Zürich
| | - S Hartnack
- Abteilung für Epidemiologie, Vetsuisse-Fakultät, Universität Zürich
| | - J Fitzi-Rathgen
- Fachstelle Tierversuche und Tierärztliche Beratungsstelle, Schweizer Tierschutz STS, Basel
| | - I M Reichler
- Abteilung Kleintierreproduktion, Vetsuisse Fakultät, Universität Zürich
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Muñoz-Terol JM, Rocha JL, Castro-de la Nuez P, Egea-Guerrero JJ, Gil-Sacaluga L, García-Cabrera E, Vilches-Arenas A. Prognosis Factors of Patients Undergoing Renal Replacement Therapy. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13040605. [PMID: 37108991 PMCID: PMC10141530 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13040605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on renal replacement therapy (RRT) is less than that of the general population of the same age, and depends on patient factors, the medical care received, and the type of RRT used. The objective of this study is to analyze the factors associated with survival in patients undergoing RRT. METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational study of adult patients with an incident of ESKD on RRT in Andalusia from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2018. Patient characteristics, nephrological care received, and survival from the beginning of RRT were evaluated. A survival model for the patient was developed according to the variables studied. RESULTS A total of 11,551 patients were included. Median survival was 6.8 years (95% CI (6.6; 7.0)). After starting RRT, survival at one year and five years was 88.7% (95% CI (88.1; 89.3)) and 59.4% (95% CI (58.4; 60.4)), respectively. Age, initial comorbidity, diabetic nephropathy, and a venous catheter were independent risk factors. However, non-urgent initiation of RRT and follow-up in consultations for more than six months had a protective effect. It was identified that renal transplantation (RT) was the most influential independent factor in patient survival, with a risk ratio of 0.13 (95% CI (0.11; 0.14)). CONCLUSIONS The receiving of a kidney transplant was the most beneficial modifiable factor in the survival of incident patients on RRT. We consider that the mortality of the renal replacement treatment should be adjusted, taking into account both modifiable and nonmodifiable factors to achieve a more precise and comparable interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Muñoz-Terol
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - José L Rocha
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Pablo Castro-de la Nuez
- Information System of the Autonomic Transplant Coordination of Andalusia (SICATA), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Juan José Egea-Guerrero
- Neurocritical Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Luis Gil-Sacaluga
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Emilio García-Cabrera
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Angel Vilches-Arenas
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 41009 Seville, Spain
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Sun Y, Yu Y, Zhang K, Yu B, Yu Y, Wang Y, Wang B, Tan X, Wang Y, Lu Y, Wang N. Association between Life's Essential 8 score and risk of premature mortality in people with and without type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023:e3636. [PMID: 36918526 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the association of cardiovascular health (CVH), measured by Life's Essential 8 score, with the risk of premature mortality and to determine the patterns of CVH-related differences in life expectancy among people with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study included 309,789 participants (age 56.6 ± 8.1 years; 46% men) enroled in the UK Biobank. The Life's Essential 8 composite measure consists of four health behaviours (diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, and sleep) and four health factors (BMI, non-HDL cholesterol, blood glucose, and blood pressure), and the maximum CVH score was 100 points. CVH was categorised into low, moderate, and high groups. Premature death was defined as death before the age of 75. Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and life expectancy was estimated. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.7 years, 13,683 cases of premature death were documented. Compared to participants with low CVH, the multivariable HRs (95% CIs) of premature death were 0.59 (0.56-0.62) and 0.42 (0.39-0.45) for the moderate and high CVH groups, respectively. This association was stronger in participants with T2D compared with those without T2D. At the age of 50 years, compared to low CVH groups, high CVH was associated with a gain of 9.79 (9.70-9.87) and 5.58 (5.48-5.67) additional life years for men with and without T2D, respectively. The corresponding life gain for women with and without T2D was 24.21 (24.13-24.27) and 10.18 (10.10-10.27), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Maintaining an ideal Life's Essential 8 score may provide more benefits for people with T2D than for those without T2D, including a lower risk of premature death and an increased lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuefeng Yu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bowei Yu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuetian Yu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wu W, Wang J, Liao XZ, Xu K, Zou Y, Shi Z, Hu Y, Xiao H, Li C, Cao S, Wang S, Guo J, Luo Z, Liu M, Xu M, Jin D, Chen M, Fu Z, Yan S. Projection of Premature Cancer Mortality in Hunan, China, Through 2030: Modeling Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e43967. [PMID: 36877566 PMCID: PMC10028508 DOI: 10.2196/43967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals for 2030 include reducing premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases by one-third. Although previous modeling studies have predicted premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases, the predictions for cancer and its subcategories are less well understood in China. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to project premature cancer mortality of 10 leading cancers in Hunan Province, China, based on various scenarios of risk factor control so as to establish the priority for future interventions. METHODS We used data collected between 2009 and 2017 from the Hunan cancer registry annual report as empirical data for projections. The population-attributable fraction was used to disaggregate cancer deaths into parts attributable and unattributable to 10 risk factors: smoking, alcohol use, high BMI, diabetes, physical inactivity, low vegetable and fruit intake, high red meat intake, high salt intake, and high ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels. The unattributable deaths and the risk factors in the baseline scenario were projected using the proportional change model, assuming constant annual change rates through 2030. The comparative risk assessment theory was used in simulated scenarios to reflect how premature mortality would be affected if the targets for risk factor control were achieved by 2030. RESULTS The cancer burden in Hunan significantly increased during 2009-2017. If current trends for each risk factor continued to 2030, the total premature deaths from cancers in 2030 would increase to 97,787 in Hunan Province, and the premature mortality (9.74%) would be 44.47% higher than that in 2013 (6.74%). In the combined scenario where all risk factor control targets were achieved, 14.41% of premature cancer mortality among those aged 30-70 years would be avoided compared with the business-as-usual scenario in 2030. Reductions in the prevalence of diabetes, high BMI, ambient PM2.5 levels, and insufficient fruit intake played relatively important roles in decreasing cancer premature mortality. However, the one-third reduction goal would not be achieved for most cancers except gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS Existing targets on cancer-related risk factors may have important roles in cancer prevention and control. However, they are not sufficient to achieve the one-third reduction goal in premature cancer mortality in Hunan Province. More aggressive risk control targets should be adopted based on local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiong Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xian-Zhen Liao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Kekui Xu
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yanhua Zou
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaohui Shi
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yingyun Hu
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Haifan Xiao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Can Li
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Shiyu Cao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Zhicheng Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengjiao Liu
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Mengyao Xu
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Donghui Jin
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Mengshi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongxi Fu
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Shipeng Yan
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
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20
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Quesada JA, Carratalá-Munuera C, Carbonell-Soliva A, Segura-Aparicio JC, González-Fernández J, Salazar-Sánchez L, Gil-Guillén VF, López-Pineda A, Nouni-García R, Orozco-Beltrán D. Trends in premature mortality from diabetes mellitus in Costa Rica in the period 2000-2020. Postgrad Med 2023; 135:128-140. [PMID: 36227619 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2022.2135865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the temporal trends of premature mortality from diabetes in Costa Rica in the period 2000-2020, at a national level and by province, and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on diabetes mortality during the year 2020. METHODS We studied the temporal trends of mortality from diabetes in Costa Rica in the period between 2000 and 2020. Age-standardized mortality rates and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each year, sex and province. RESULTS We analyzed the data of 17,968 deceased persons. The mean age was 72.5 years (range 1 to 109 years), and 51.5% of the population (n = 9253) was younger than 75 years. In both men and women, we observed a significant decrease in mortality from 2000 to 2014, followed by the opposite trend from 2014 to 2020, with average yearly increases of 13.9% in men and 11.6% in women. CONCLUSIONS Premature mortality from diabetes has been growing from 2014. The COVID-19 pandemic changed the mortality pattern, increasing premature diabetes deaths in Costa Rica in 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Quesada
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.,Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS)
| | - Concepción Carratalá-Munuera
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.,Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS)
| | - Alvaro Carbonell-Soliva
- Fisabio: Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community. San Juan de Alicante, Alicante
| | - Jean Carlo Segura-Aparicio
- Medical Integration Section. Faculty of Medicine, University of Costa Rica. Rodrigo Facio University City, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Lizbeth Salazar-Sánchez
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Costa Rica. Rodrigo Facio University City, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Vicente F Gil-Guillén
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.,Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS).,Fisabio: Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community. San Juan de Alicante, Alicante.,Isabial: Institute of Sanitary and Biomedical Research of Alicante, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Adriana López-Pineda
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.,Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS).,Fisabio: Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community. San Juan de Alicante, Alicante
| | - Rauf Nouni-García
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.,Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS).,Isabial: Institute of Sanitary and Biomedical Research of Alicante, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Domingo Orozco-Beltrán
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.,Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS)
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21
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Byrne P. Premature mortality of people with severe mental illness: a renewed focus for a new era. Ir J Psychol Med 2023; 40:74-83. [PMID: 35357297 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2022.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This perspective article applies public health principles to improve the physical health of selected populations with mental disorders. Two preventable adverse outcomes, poorer physical health and premature mortality, are described across mental disorders. Evidence of the lifetime effects of adverse childhood experiences and inequalities is presented: these are the 'causes of the causes'. Seven drivers of physical disorders are illustrated that drive preventable deaths and as doctors, psychiatrists must lead from the front to reverse rising mortality. Evidence supports universal and selective interventions and even the most difficult challenges such as weight gain and opioid misuse are an opportunity for psychiatry to engage with individual patients and their organisations, public health colleagues, health systems and beyond. Interventions complement and do not replace existing clinical practices that reduce self-harm and prevent suicide. Mental health teams already do most of the work in this arena, and the case is made to refocus on physical health with task sharing. The top 10 recommendations within a personalised medicine framework are listed in this paper as a starting point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Byrne
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
- Public Mental Health Implementation Centre, Royal College of Psychiatrists, London, UK
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22
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Yuan Y, Zhang X, Zhao J, Shen F, Nie D, Wang B, Wang L, Xing M, Hegglin MI. Characteristics, health risks, and premature mortality attributable to ambient air pollutants in four functional areas in Jining, China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1075262. [PMID: 36741959 PMCID: PMC9893643 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1075262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the leading causes for global deaths and understanding pollutant emission sources is key to successful mitigation policies. Air quality data in the urban, suburban, industrial, and rural areas (UA, SA, IA, and RA) of Jining, Shandong Province in China, were collected to compare the characteristics and associated health risks. The average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO show differences of -3.87, -16.67, -19.24, -15.74, and -8.37% between 2017 and 2018. On the contrary, O3 concentrations increased by 4.50%. The four functional areas exhibited the same seasonal variations and diurnal patterns in air pollutants, with the highest exposure excess risks (ERs) resulting from O3. More frequent ER days occurred within the 25-30°C, but much larger ERs are found within the 0-5°C temperature range, attributed to higher O3 pollution in summer and more severe PM pollution in winter. The premature deaths attributable to six air pollutants can be calculated in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Investigations on the potential source show that the ER of O3 (r of 0.86) had the tightest association with the total ER. The bivariate polar plots indicated that the highest health-based air quality index (HAQI) in IA influences the HAQI in UA and SA by pollution transport, and thus can be regarded as the major pollutant emission source in Jining. The above results indicate that urgent measures should be taken to reduce O3 pollution taking into account the characteristics of the prevalent ozone formation regime, especially in IA in Jining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- Jining Meteorological Bureau, Shandong, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Jining Meteorological Bureau, Shandong, China
| | | | - Fuzhen Shen
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-7: Stratosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany,Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Fuzhen Shen ✉
| | - Dongyang Nie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Henley Business School, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Wang
- Jining Bureau of Ecology and Environment, Shandong, China
| | - Mengyue Xing
- Business School, Dalian University of Foreign Languages, Liaoning, China
| | - Michaela I. Hegglin
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-7: Stratosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany,Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Michaela I. Hegglin ✉
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23
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Pham TM, Lu X, Bu J, Tchir D, Pakseresht M, Wickham M, Scott A, Tian X, Karosas APV, Eckstrand A, Kaposhi B, Walker E, Shack L. Revisiting the Calculation for a Novel Measure of Average Lifespan Shortened: Real-World Examples From Cervical and Ovarian Cancers in Alberta, Canada, 2000 - 2020. J UOEH 2023; 45:217-220. [PMID: 38057110 DOI: 10.7888/juoeh.45.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
In this technical note, we primarily demonstrate the computation of confidence limits for a novel measure of average lifespan shortened (ALSS). We identified women who had died from cervical and ovarian cancer between 2000 and 2020 from the Alberta cancer registry. Years of life lost (YLL) was calculated using the national life tables of Canada. We estimated the ALSS as a ratio of YLL in relation to the expected lifespan. We computed the confidence limits of the measure using various approaches, including the normal distribution, gamma distribution, and bootstrap method. The new ALSS measure shows a modest gain in lifespan of women, particularly women with ovarian cancer, over the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong-Minh Pham
- Surveillance and Reporting, Cancer Advanced Analytics, Cancer Research and Analytics, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Canada
| | - Xiaoming Lu
- Surveillance and Reporting, Cancer Advanced Analytics, Cancer Research and Analytics, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Canada
| | - Jingyu Bu
- Surveillance and Reporting, Cancer Advanced Analytics, Cancer Research and Analytics, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Canada
| | - Devan Tchir
- Surveillance and Reporting, Cancer Advanced Analytics, Cancer Research and Analytics, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Canada
| | - Mohammadreza Pakseresht
- Surveillance and Reporting, Cancer Advanced Analytics, Cancer Research and Analytics, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Canada
| | - Maeve Wickham
- Surveillance and Reporting, Cancer Advanced Analytics, Cancer Research and Analytics, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Canada
| | - Allison Scott
- Surveillance and Reporting, Cancer Advanced Analytics, Cancer Research and Analytics, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Canada
| | - Xiaoyi Tian
- Surveillance and Reporting, Cancer Advanced Analytics, Cancer Research and Analytics, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Canada
| | - Anthony Paul Vytautas Karosas
- Surveillance and Reporting, Cancer Advanced Analytics, Cancer Research and Analytics, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Canada
| | - Angela Eckstrand
- Alberta Cancer Registry, Cancer Advanced Analytics, Cancer Research and Analytics, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Canada
| | - Bethany Kaposhi
- Surveillance and Reporting, Cancer Advanced Analytics, Cancer Research and Analytics, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Canada
| | - Emily Walker
- Precision Analytics, Cancer Advanced Analytics, Cancer Research and Analytics, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Canada
| | - Lorraine Shack
- Cancer Advanced Analytics, Cancer Research and Analytics, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Canada
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Yu D, Osuagwu UL, Pickering K, Baker J, Cutfield R, Wang Z, Cai Y, Orr-Walker BJ, Sundborn G, Zhao Z, Simmons D. Adverse Clinical Outcomes Attributable to Socioeconomic and Ethnic Disparities Among People with Type 2 Diabetes in New Zealand Between 1994-2018: A Multiple Linked Cohort Study. Clin Epidemiol 2023; 15:511-523. [PMID: 37153075 PMCID: PMC10162107 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s402307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The study aimed to examine the separate population-level contributions of the ethnic and socioeconomic disparities among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and residence in New Zealand (NZ). Patients and Methods A prospective cohort enrolled T2DM patients from 01/01/1994 into the Diabetes Care Support Service, a primary care audit program in Auckland, NZ. The cohort was linked to national registry databases (socioeconomic status, pharmaceutical claim, hospitalization, and death registration). Each cohort member was followed up till death or the study end time (31/12/2019), whichever came first. Incident clinical events (stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and premature mortality (PM)) were used as outcomes. The attributable fractions (AFs) were estimated for the whole population and for specific population with NZ Europeans (NZE) and/or least deprived population as reference, both unadjusted and with adjustment for covariables by Cox Regression models. Results Among 36,267 patients, adjusted population AFs indicated 6.6(-30.8-33.3)% of PM, 17.1(5.8-27.0)% of MI, 35.3(22.6-46.0)% of stroke, 14.3(3.2-24.2)% of HF, and 15.9(6.7-24.2)% of ESRD could be attributed to deprivation; while 14.3(3.3-25.4)% of PM, -3.3(-8.3-1.5)% of MI, -0.5(-6.7-5.3)% of stroke, 4.7(0.3-8.8)% of HF, 13.3(9.9-16.6)% of ESRD could be attributed to ethnicity. Deprivation contributed a significant AF to stroke, while ethnicity was important for ESRD. Gradient of AF for deprivation indicated NZE and Asians were most affected by deprivation across outcomes. Conversely, Māori, with the highest AFs for ethnicity of PM and ESRD, were unaffected by deprivation. At same deprivations, the AFs of MI and stroke were greatest among NZE compared with other ethnic groups; the AF of ESRD was greatest among Māori and Pasifika. Conclusion Both socioeconomic deprivation and ethnicity are strongly associated with outcomes in patients with T2DM in NZ, although the extent of the deprivation gradient is greatest among NZE and Asians, and least among Māori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - John Baker
- Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Cutfield
- Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yamei Cai
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Brandon J Orr-Walker
- Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gerhard Sundborn
- Section of Pacific Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - David Simmons
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Correspondence: David Simmons; Zhanzheng Zhao, Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China, Tel +61 2 4620 3899; +86 139 3852 5666, Fax +61 2 4620 3890; +86 371 6698 8753, Email ;
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25
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Muñoz-Terol JM, Rocha JL, Castro-de la Nuez P, García-Cabrera E, Vilches-Arenas Á. Years of Potential Life Lost on Renal Replacement Therapy: Retrospective Study Cohort. J Clin Med 2022; 12. [PMID: 36614850 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease is the non-communicable disease with the highest growth in morbidity and mortality. Renal transplantation (RT) is the first option of renal replacement in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and dialysis is an alternative. However, there is no objective quantification of the impact of both options on a patient's overall survival. The purpose of our study is to assess the potential years of life lost by patients on renal replacement therapy. METHODS Retrospective study cohort conducted from 2008 to 2018 based on autonomic data registry. RESULTS 11,551 patients included who received renal replacement therapy (RRT) in a range of age from 15 to 94 years. The mean age at the time of onset was 62.7 years, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) (62.4; 63.0). The mortality rate of RRT patients was 42.2%, 95% CI (41.5; 43.3) and the mean age at death was 72.7 years, 95% CI (72.4; 73.1). The number of patients with ESKD treated with RT was 3776, 32.7% of the total, 95% CI (31.8; 33.5). The total amount of years of potential life lost (YPLL) in the entire cohort was 77,831.3 years, 48,010.1 years in men, and 29,821.2 years in women. The mean number of YPLL per patient with RRT was 6.74 years in both sexes, 6.95 years in women, and 6.61 years in men. The mean number of potential years of life lost in dialysis patients was 9.0 years in both sexes, 8.8 years in men, and 9.2 years in women, while among kidney transplant recipients this figure decreased to 2.2 years in both men and women. CONCLUSIONS End-stage chronic kidney disease in renal replacement therapy by dialysis causes an average of 9.0 years of life potentially lost for each patient on dialysis treatment, while having received a kidney transplant reduces this figure by 75.6%.
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26
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Pellegrino RA, Rebeiro PF, Turner M, Davidson A, Best N, Shaffernocker C, Kheshti A, Kelly S, Raffanti S, Sterling TR, Castilho JL. Sex and Race Disparities in Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost Among People With HIV: A 21-Year Observational Cohort Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 10:ofac678. [PMID: 36726547 PMCID: PMC9879712 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the availability of antiretroviral therapy, mortality rates among people with HIV (PWH) have decreased; however, this does not quantify premature deaths among PWH, and disparities persist. Methods We examined all-cause and premature mortality among PWH receiving care at the Vanderbilt Comprehensive Care Clinic from January 1998 to December 2018. Mortality rates were compared by demographic and clinical factors, and adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) were calculated using multivariable Poisson regression. For individuals who died, age-adjusted years of potential life lost (aYPLL) per total person-years living with HIV were calculated from US sex-specific life tables, and sex and race differences were examined using multivariable linear regression. Results Among 6531 individuals (51% non-Hispanic [NH] White race, 40% NH Black race, 21% cis-gender women, 78% cis-gender men) included, 956 (14.6%) died. In adjusted analysis, PWH alive in the most recent calendar era (2014-2018) had decreased risk of mortality compared with those in the earliest calendar era (1998-2003; aIRR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.17-0.29), and women had increased risk of death compared with men (aIRR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.12-1.54). Of those who died, Black women had the highest aYPLL (aIRR, 592.5; 95% CI, 588.4-596.6), followed by Black men (aIRR, 470.7; 95% CI, 468.4-472.9), White women (aIRR, 411.5; 95% CI, 405.6-417.4), then White men (aIRR, 308.6; 95% CI, 308.0-309.2). In adjusted models, higher YPLL remained associated with NH Black race and cis-gender women, regardless of HIV risk factor. Conclusions Despite marked improvement over time, sex disparities in mortality as well as sex and race disparities in YPLL remained among PWH in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A Pellegrino
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peter F Rebeiro
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Megan Turner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Noelle Best
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chandler Shaffernocker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Asghar Kheshti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sean Kelly
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stephen Raffanti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Timothy R Sterling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jessica L Castilho
- Correspondence: Jessica L. Castilho, MD, MPH, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, A2200 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232 ()
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Wang Z, Xu D, Liu Y, Zhao J, Li H, Song Y, Gao Y, Li H. Premature mortality from four chronic diseases in Wuhai, China and impact on life expectancy, 2015 to 2020. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31523. [PMID: 36451486 PMCID: PMC9704952 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To analyze the change trend of life expectancy, the change trend of premature death due to 4 major chronic diseases, and its impact on the life expectancy of Wuhai residents from 2015 to 2020, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of chronic diseases in this area. The data on population death comes from the Wuhai City Residents' Causes of Death Network Reporting System and the total population is calculated using statistics from Wuhai City's permanent population management, from 2015 to 2020. Premature mortality from the 4 main chronic illnesses was calculated using the abridged life table approach. The impact of premature death from chronic diseases on life expectancy was analyzed using the Arriaga method. The increasing trend of life expectancy of Wuhai citizens was not statistically significant from 2015 to 2020 (t = 2.570, P = .062). Each year, men had a lower life expectancy than women (P < .05). From 2015 to 2020, the downward trend of premature deaths caused by the 4 major non-communicable diseases in Wuhai City was statistically significant (EAPC = -7.74%, P = .041). Premature death from cancer and chronic respiratory disorders decreased, both of which were statistically significant (EAPC < 0, P < .05). The decline in premature mortality from cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders, and chronic respiratory system diseases has contributed to increased life expectancy. Diabetes's rise in premature mortality made a possible "negative contribution" to life expectancy (-0.036 years, -1.79%). From 2015 to 2020, the decreasing trend of the overall premature mortality caused by the 4 major non-communicable diseases in Wuhai was statistically significant, and the life expectancy of females was higher than that of males. We should concentrate on the prevention and control of major chronic illnesses in males, as well as the influence of changes in diabetes-related early mortality on life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Wang
- Preventive Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Republic of China
| | - Danni Xu
- Preventive Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Preventive Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Preventive Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Preventive Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- Preventive Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Republic of China
| | - Yumin Gao
- Preventive Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Republic of China
| | - Hailing Li
- Preventive Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Republic of China
- *Correspondence: Hailing Li, Preventive Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Republic of China (e-mail: )
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Olusan AA, Barr S, Cobain M, Whelan H. The Development and Evaluation of "Life Age"-a Primary Prevention and Population-Focused Risk Communication Tool: Feasibility Study With a Single-Arm Repeated Measures Design. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e37385. [PMID: 36279163 PMCID: PMC9641510 DOI: 10.2196/37385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Communicating cardiovascular risk to the general population requires forms of communication that can enhance risk perception and stimulate lifestyle changes associated with reduced cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the motivational potential of a novel lifestyle risk assessment ("Life Age") based on factors predictive of both premature mortality and psychosocial well-being. METHODS A feasibility study with a single-arm repeated measures design was conducted to evaluate the potential efficacy of Life Age on motivating lifestyle changes. Participants were recruited via social media, completed a web-based version of the Life Age questionnaire at baseline and at follow-up (8 weeks), and received 23 e-newsletters based on their Life Age results along with a mobile tracker. Participants' estimated Life Age scores were analyzed for evidence of lifestyle changes made. Quantitative feedback of participants was also assessed. RESULTS In total, 18 of 27 participants completed the two Life Age tests. The median baseline Life Age was 1 year older than chronological age, which was reduced to -1.9 years at follow-up, representing an improvement of 2.9 years (P=.02). There were also accompanying improvements in Mediterranean diet score (P=.001), life satisfaction (P=.003), and sleep (P=.05). Quantitative feedback assessment indicated that the Life Age tool was easy to understand, helpful, and motivating. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the potential benefit of a novel Life Age tool in generating a broad set of lifestyle changes known to be associated with clinical risk factors, similar to "Heart Age." This was achieved without the recourse to expensive biomarker tests. However, the results from this study suggest that the motivated lifestyle changes improved both healthy lifestyle risks and psychosocial well-being, consistent with the approach of Life Age in merging the importance of a healthy lifestyle and psychosocial well-being. Further evaluation using a larger randomized controlled trial is required to fully evaluate the impact of the Life Age tool on lifestyle changes, cardiovascular disease prevention, and overall psychosocial well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeogo Akinwale Olusan
- Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care (HSC) Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Barr
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Cobain
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Younger Lives Limited, London, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Whelan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Younger Lives Limited, London, United Kingdom
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Rodzlan Hasani WS, Hanis TM, Muhamad NA, Islam MA, Wee CX, Musa KI. Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Activity on Premature Mortality. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1941. [PMID: 36292388 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature mortality is defined as death that occurs before the average age of death for a particular population. Although premature mortality is a public health problem globally, the literature indicates no bibliometric studies that have made a holistic evaluation of the publications on this issue. This study aims to explore the characteristics of the publications on premature mortality in terms of the number of publications, citations, countries, collaboration, and the author’s productivity and to further identify the trending keyword and relevant research topics. All the articles related to premature mortality data were retrieved from the Web of Science (WOS) database using the search terms “premature death,” “premature mortality,” or “years of life loss.” The retrieved articles were downloaded in a BibTeX format file. A Bibliometrix package from R software was used to perform bibliometric analyses. A total of 1060 original research articles and reviews have been published since 1971, with a total of 5499 contributing authors. The number of publications has increased substantially in the past decade. The annual percentage growth rate of publications is 5.08%. The United States is the leading country in this area of research with the highest number of publications (n = 280), the highest total citation (17,378), and the most activity in collaboration. Our thematic map suggests that the cluster for cardiovascular disease became the main research domain in this field, while the cluster for air pollution is an important topic for future research. Additionally, neurodegeneration is another cluster of research that should be developed further and connected with premature mortality. These bibliometric findings hopefully will help scholars better understand the global overview of premature mortality and provide information for potential collaborators, with the information promising attractive areas for future research.
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Chan JKN, Tong CHY, Wong CSM, Chen EYH, Chang WC. Life expectancy and years of potential life lost in bipolar disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis - CORRIGENDUM. Br J Psychiatry 2022; 221:647-648. [PMID: 35357278 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2022.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ma J, Yabroff KR, Siegel RL, Cance WG, Koh HK, Jemal A. Progress in Reducing Disparities in Premature Mortality in the USA: a Descriptive Study. J Gen Intern Med 2022; 37:2923-2930. [PMID: 35731369 PMCID: PMC9485393 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-021-07268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eliminating health disparities among different segments of the US population is an overarching goal of the US Healthy People 2020 objectives. OBJECTIVE Examine changes in educational, rural-urban, and racial disparities in premature mortality during the past 10 years. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Descriptive analysis of US mortality data from 2007 to 2017. MAIN MEASURES Relative and absolute rural-urban, educational attainment, and Black-White disparities in premature mortality for all-cause and top 10 causes of death among persons ages 25-74 years, estimated as rate ratios and rate differences between ≤12 and ≥16 years of education, rural versus urban, and non-Hispanic Black (Black) versus non-Hispanic White (White), respectively, in 2007 and 2017. KEY RESULTS During 2007-2017, mortality rates in persons aged 25-74 years in the USA increased for several leading causes of death, especially in persons with <16 years of education, rural residents, and White people. As a result, disparity in mortality between 2007 and 2017 widened on both relative and absolute scales for all-cause and for 6 of the top 10 causes of death by education and for all-cause and for 9 of the top 10 causes by rural/urban residence. In contrast, Black-White disparities narrowed for all-cause and for all 7 causes that Black people had a higher rate than White people. For all-cause mortality for example, absolute disparities in the number of deaths per 100,000 person-years between 2007 and 2017 increased from 454.0 (95%CI, 446.0-462.1) to 542.7 (535.6-549.7) for educational attainment and from 85.8 (82.8-88.8) to 140.5 (137.6-143.4) for rural versus urban; in contrast, absolute Black-White disparity decreased from 315.3 (311.0-319.7) to 221.7 (218.1-225.3). CONCLUSIONS Educational and rural-urban disparities in premature mortality widened, whereas Black-White disparities narrowed in the USA between 2007 and 2017, though overall rates remained considerably higher in Black people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemin Ma
- Surveillance & Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K Robin Yabroff
- Surveillance & Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Siegel
- Surveillance & Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William G Cance
- Office of the Chief Medical and Scientific Officer, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Howard K Koh
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Surveillance & Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Chan JKN, Tong CHY, Wong CSM, Chen EYH, Chang WC. Life expectancy and years of potential life lost in bipolar disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 2022; 221:567-576. [PMID: 35184778 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2022.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing research examining excess mortality in people with bipolar disorder using life expectancy and related measures, which quantify the disease impact on survival. However, there has been no meta-analysis to date summarising existing data on life expectancy in those with bipolar disorder. AIMS To systematically review and quantitatively synthesise estimates of life expectancy and years of potential life lost (YPLL) in people with bipolar disorder. METHOD We searched Embase, Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases up to 31 March 2021. We generated pooled life expectancy using random-effects models, and derived YPLL summary estimate by calculating averaged values weighted by sample size of individual studies. Subgroup analyses were conducted for gender, geographical region, study period, a given age (set-age) for lifespan estimation and causes of death. The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021241705). RESULTS Eleven and 13 studies were included in the review for life expectancy (n = 96 601) and YPLL (n = 128 989), respectively. Pooled life expectancy was 66.88 years (95% CI 64.47-69.28; I2 = 99.9%, P < 0.001), was higher in women than men (70.51 (95% CI 68.61-72.41) v. 64.59 (95% CI 61.16-68.03); z = 2.00, P = 0.003) and was lowest in Africa. Weighted average YPLL was 12.89 years (95% CI 12.72-13.07), and was greatest in Africa. More YPLL was observed when lifespan was estimated at birth than at other set-age. YPLLs attributable to natural and unnatural deaths were 5.94 years (95% CI 5.81-6.07) and 5.69 years (95% CI 5.59-5.79), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Bipolar disorder is associated with substantially shortened life expectancy. Implementation of multilevel, targeted interventions is urgently needed to reduce this mortality gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Kwun Nam Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - CoCo Ho Yi Tong
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Corine Sau Man Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Eric Yu Hai Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong and State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Chung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong and State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Yu J, Patel RA, Haynie DL, Vidal-Ribas P, Govender T, Sundaram R, Gilman SE. Adverse childhood experiences and premature mortality through mid-adulthood: A five-decade prospective study. Lancet Reg Health Am 2022; 15:100349. [PMID: 36467261 PMCID: PMC9718480 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2022.100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can have lasting effects on adult health and survival. In this study, we aimed to examine how the cumulative number and clustering patterns of ACEs were related to premature mortality. Methods Participants (N=46 129; 45% White, 48% Black; 49·5% females) were offspring (born in 1959-1966) of participants enrolled in the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP). We conducted latent class analysis to examine the clustering patterns of ACEs assessed between children's birth and age seven. We also calculated the cumulative ACE scores of 13 individual ACEs. Cox regression models were used to examine the associations of ACE clusters and scores with risk of premature mortality from adolescence to mid-adulthood. Findings At the start of the follow-up for mortality in 1979, participants were 12-20 years old (Mean=15·99 years), and within the 38-year follow-up through 2016, 3 344 deaths were observed among the 46 129 CPP offspring. Five latent classes of ACEs were identified. Compared to children with Low Adversity (48% of the sample), children in Family Instability (9%, HR=1·28, 95%CI 1·07-1·53), Poverty & Crowded Housing (21%, HR=1·41, 95%CI 1·24-1·62), and Poverty & Parental Separation (19%, HR=1·50, 95%CI 1·33-1·68) classes had higher hazards of premature mortality. In addition, children with 2 (HR=1·27, 95%CI 1·14-1·41), 3 (HR=1·29, 95%CI 1·15-1·45), and 4+ (HR=1·45, 95%CI 1·30-1·61) ACEs had higher hazards of mortality than those with no ACE. The clusters of Poverty & Crowded Housing (HR=1·28, 95%CI 1·10-1·49) and Poverty & Parental Separation (HR=1·23, 95%CI 1·02-1·48) remained associated with higher risk of premature mortality, beyond the cumulative risk of higher number of ACEs (HR=1·05, 95%CI 1·01-1·08). Interpretation About half of the CPP cohort experienced early life adversities that clustered into four distinct patterns, which were associated with different risk of premature mortality. It is important to deepen our understanding of how specific clusters of childhood adversities affect health and premature mortality to better inform approaches to prevention and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States,Corresponding author at: 6710B Rockledge Drive, Room 3155A, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States.
| | - Reeya A. Patel
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Denise L. Haynie
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Pablo Vidal-Ribas
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Theemeshni Govender
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Rajeshwari Sundaram
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Stephen E. Gilman
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
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Fujii R, Suzuki K, Yamada H, Kawado M, Hashimoto S, Tsuboi Y, Wakai K, Iso H, Watanabe Y, Fujino Y, Tamakoshi A. Association between serum carotenoids and premature mortality in a population-based case-control study. Nagoya J Med Sci 2022; 84:607-620. [PMID: 36237882 PMCID: PMC9529633 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.84.3.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are abundant pigments mainly contained in vegetables and fruits, and show antioxidant properties by quenching free radicals in human body. Few studies have investigated associations between serum carotenoid levels and premature mortality. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between serum carotenoid level and premature mortality in a Japanese population. This study included 446 Japanese adults (174 men, aged of 40-64) recruited as participants in the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study. Serum carotenoid level was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Premature mortality was defined as death before 65 years old during the follow-up period. Premature mortality was ascertained in 60 men (34.5%) and 65 women (23.9%). In men, compared to the 1st tertile of serum β-cryptoxanthin and provitamin A, those who were in the 3rd tertile had lower risks of premature all-cause mortality (OR, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.07-0.47 for β-cryptoxanthin, and 0.24, 0.09-0.61 for provitamin A). In women, compared to the 1st tertile of serum β-cryptoxanthin, those who were in the 3rd tertile had higher risks of premature all-cause mortality (OR, 95% CI: 1.94, 1.00-4.03). These significant associations were observed in analyses for premature cancer mortality. We found significant associations between higher levels of serum β-cryptoxanthin and provitamin A and lower risks of premature mortality among Japanese men, while a different directional association was found in women. Although these findings suggest roles of serum carotenoids on premature mortality, further studies are needed to validate this association in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Fujii
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroya Yamada
- Department of Hygiene, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kawado
- Department of Hygiene, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Shuji Hashimoto
- Department of Hygiene, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsuboi
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Fujino
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Buajitti E, Rosella LC. Neighbourhood socioeconomic improvement, residential mobility and premature death: a population-based cohort study and inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 52:489-500. [PMID: 35656702 PMCID: PMC10114058 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Causal inference using area-level socioeconomic measures is challenging due to risks of residual confounding and imprecise specification of the neighbourhood-level social exposure. By using multi-linked longitudinal data to address these common limitations, our study aimed to identify protective effects of neighbourhood socioeconomic improvement on premature mortality risk. METHODS We used data from the Canadian Community Health Survey, linked to health administrative data, including longitudinal residential history. Individuals aged 25-69, living in low-socioeconomic status (SES) areas at survey date (n = 8335), were followed up for neighbourhood socioeconomic improvement within 5 years. We captured premature mortality (death before age 75) until 2016. We estimated protective effects of neighbourhood socioeconomic improvement exposures using Cox proportional hazards models. Stabilized inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTW) were used to account for confounding by baseline health, social and behavioural characteristics. Separate analyses were carried out for three exposure specifications: any improvement, improvement by residential mobility (i.e. movers) or improvement in place (non-movers). RESULTS Overall, 36.9% of the study cohort experienced neighbourhood socioeconomic improvement either by residential mobility or improvement in place. There were noted differences in baseline health status, demographics and individual SES between exposure groups. IPTW survival models showed a modest protective effect on premature mortality risk of socioeconomic improvement overall (HR = 0.86; 95% CI 0.63, 1.18). Effects were stronger for improvement in place (HR = 0.67; 95% CI 0.48, 0.93) than for improvement by residential mobility (HR = 1.07, 95% 0.67, 1.51). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides robust evidence that specific neighbourhood socioeconomic improvement exposures are important for determining mortality risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmalin Buajitti
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura C Rosella
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Lunsky Y, Lai MC, Balogh R, Chung H, Durbin A, Jachyra P, Tint A, Weiss J, Lin E. Premature mortality in a population-based cohort of autistic adults in Canada. Autism Res 2022; 15:1550-1559. [PMID: 35633154 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Research from different countries suggests that autistic adults are more likely to die prematurely than non-autistic adults, but these studies do not always investigate male and female individuals separately and do not consider whether this pattern is unique to autistic people or is also an issue for people with other developmental disabilities. We examined premature mortality in autistic males and females (assigned at birth) in a population-based cohort, compared to males and females with and without other developmental disabilities. Using linked administrative health and social services population data from Ontario, Canada, age-matched males and females aged 19-65 years were followed between 2010 and 2016, and causes of death were determined. Over the 6-year observation period, 330 of 42,607 persons (0.77%) in the group without developmental disabilities had died compared to 259 of 10,646 persons (2.43%) in the autism group and 419 of 10,615 persons (3.95%) in the other developmental disabilities group. Autistic males and females were more likely to die than non-autistic males (adjusted risk ratio, RR 3.13, 95%CI 2.58-3.79) and non-autistic females (adjusted RR 3.12, 95%CI 2.35-4.13) without developmental disabilities, but were less likely to die than adults with other developmental disabilities (males: adjusted RR 0.66, 95%CI 0.55-0.79; females: adjusted RR 0.55, 95%CI 0.43-0.71). Most common causes of death varied depending on a person's sex and diagnosis. Given the greater likelihood of premature mortality in adults with developmental disabilities including autism, greater attention and resources directed toward their health and social care are needed, tailored to their sex and diagnosis-informed needs. LAY SUMMARY: This study looked at how many autistic men and women died over 6 years (2010-2016), along with how they died, and compared this to adults who did not have autism living in Ontario, Canada. It found that autistic men and women were more than three times as likely to die as people of the same age who did not have a developmental disability. However, adults with other developmental disabilities besides autism were even more likely to die than autistic adults. This means that we have to pay more attention and invest in better social and health care for autistic people, along with people who have other types of developmental disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yona Lunsky
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meng-Chuan Lai
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth & Family Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Balogh
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Anna Durbin
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Unity Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Jachyra
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth & Family Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ami Tint
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Weiss
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Lin
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Vinson AJ, Singh S, Chadban S, Cherney D, Gaber O, Gill JS, Helgeson E, Herzog CA, Jardine M, Jha V, Kasiske BL, Mannon RB, Michos ED, Mottl AK, Newby K, Roy-Chaudhury P, Sawinski D, Sharif A, Sridhar VS, Tuttle KR, Vock DM, Matas A. Premature Death in Kidney Transplant Recipients: The Time for Trials is Now. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:665-673. [PMID: 35292438 PMCID: PMC8970447 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021111517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Vinson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sunita Singh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steven Chadban
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Cherney
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Osama Gaber
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - John S Gill
- Division of Nephrology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Erika Helgeson
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Charles A Herzog
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare/University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Meg Jardine
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vivekanand Jha
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, New Delhi, India
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Bertram L Kasiske
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare/University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Roslyn B Mannon
- Division of Nephology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Erin D Michos
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Amy K Mottl
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Kidney Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kristin Newby
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Prabir Roy-Chaudhury
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Kidney Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, WG (Bill) Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, North Carolina
| | - Deirdre Sawinski
- Nephrology and Transplantation, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Adnan Sharif
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vikas S Sridhar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Katherine R Tuttle
- Nephrology Division and Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Providence Medical Research Center, Spokane, Washington
| | - David M Vock
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Arthur Matas
- Division of Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Cicha-Mikołajczyk A, Piwońska A, Śmigielski W, Drygas W. Trends in premature cerebrovascular disease mortality in the Polish population aged 25-64 years, 2000-2016. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 2022; 73:87-97. [PMID: 35322961 DOI: 10.32394/rpzh.2022.0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many scientific reports have shown a decrease in total cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) mortality over the past few decades, but too little attention has been paid to premature mortality. CeVD accounted for 22.5% and 17.8% of premature cardiovascular disease deaths in Poland, in 2000 and 2016, respectively. Objective The aim of the study was to analyse premature CeVD mortality in the Polish population in the recent years, the dynamics of its changes and the potential factors that may have contributed to the decline in mortality. The main goal of the study was to overview the levels and trends in premature CeVD mortality with an emphasis on haemorrhagic, ischaemic and unspecified (not specified as haemorrhagic or ischaemic) stroke. Material and methods The analysis was based on a database of the Central Statistical Office of Poland and included data from 2000-2016 on premature cerebrovascular deaths occurring between 25 and 64 years of age (N=104,786). CeVD and haemorrhagic, ischaemic or unspecified stroke were coded with ICD-10 codes I60-I69, I61-I62, I63 and I64, respectively. The analysis included assessment of CeVD deaths distribution and evaluation of age-specific mortality rates in 10-year age groups and age-standardised mortality rates (SMR) in the age group 25-64 years, separately for men and women. Trends in SMRs have been studied in the period 2000-2016. Results The number of CeVD deaths decreased by 32.8% in men and 48.8% in women. There was a two-fold decline in CeVD mortality: from 59 to 29 male and from 30 to 12 female per 100,000. In addition, a 2-year increase in the median age of CeVD death was observed (Men: 56.4 to 58.4 years, Women: 56.4 to 58.7 years, p<0.001). A statistically significant decline in mortality (per 100,000) was also noticed for haemorrhagic stroke (Men: 18.7 to 10.4; Women: 9.6 to 3.8), ischaemic stroke (Men: 11.8 to 8.4; Women: 4.7 to 3.0) and unspecified stroke (Men: 19.7 to 3.5; Women: 9.1 to 1.3). Conclusions A substantial decline in premature CeVD mortality was observed in the period 2000-2016. Additionally, the number of deaths that could not be classified as haemorrhagic or ischaemic stroke death decreased significantly. The increasingly widespread use of new post-stroke therapies and their availability make it possible to expect a further decrease in CeVD mortality. However, the necessary actions should be taken to compensate for the disparities in CeVD mortality between men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Cicha-Mikołajczyk
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Piwońska
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Witold Śmigielski
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Demography, University of Lodz, Rewolucji 1905 r. 41, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Drygas
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Hallera 1, 90-001 Lodz, Poland
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Moryson W, Stawińska-Witoszyńska B. Trends in premature mortality rates among the Polish population due to cardiovascular diseases. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2022; 35:27-38. [PMID: 34346924 PMCID: PMC10464812 DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES At the end of the 20th century, after years of negligence in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, Poland was struggling with very high premature mortality. The period of 1991-2005 brought significant improvements since the general public introduced beneficial dietary modifications. This paper aims to analyze the changes in the rate of premature mortality due to tobacco-dependent cardiovascular diseases in Poland in 2008-2017. MATERIAL AND METHODS The time trends of deaths occurring under the age of 65 years caused by ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm were analyzed. Both standardized and crude premature mortality rates were used, as well as mortality rates for patients grouped into 5-year age ranges with a breakdown by gender. The joinpoint model was used to determine these time trends. RESULTS Premature mortality due to the analyzed cardiovascular diseases decreased linearly in 2008-2017. In the case of ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases, the decrease amounted to approx. 5% per year, both in the female and male population. However, in the case of atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysms, the rate of mortality reduction ranged 4-7% per year. The reduction concerned all the examined age groups, but with different dynamics. The most considerable annual decrease was observed in the group of patients aged 40-44 years (7.9% for females and 8.9% for males). Along with the increase in age, the dynamics of reduction decreased. CONCLUSIONS In 2008-2017, Poland experienced a decline in premature mortality due to tobacco-related cardiovascular diseases, particularly in the age group of 40-44 years. The decline may have been associated, among other things, with a reduction in exposure to tobacco smoke, one of the cardiovascular risk factors. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2022;35(1):27-38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wacław Moryson
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland (Department of Epidemiology and Hygiene, Chair of Social Medicine)
| | - Barbara Stawińska-Witoszyńska
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland (Department of Epidemiology and Hygiene, Chair of Social Medicine)
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Sarrio-Sanz P, Martinez-Cayuelas L, Gil-Guillen VF, Quesada JA, Gomez-Perez L. Mortality Trends Related to Bladder Cancer in Spain, 1999-2018. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11040930. [PMID: 35207200 PMCID: PMC8880070 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11040930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is an important cause of premature mortality (PM, <75 years). Spain has one of the highest BC mortality rates in Europe. The objective of this study was to analyse BC mortality trends between 1999 and 2018 in Spain. The study was based on data from the National Institute of Statistics (Instituto Nacional de Estadística-INE). Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were calculated by sex and age group. A trend analysis was performed using Joinpoint regression models and years of potential life lost (YPLL). Mortality in men resulting from BC decreased in all age groups studied. This was not observed in women, for whom mortality only decreased in the ≥75 age group. Deaths due to BC occurred prematurely in 38.6% of men and in 23.8% of women, which indicated a greater impact on YPLL in men compared to women. Over the last 20 years, there has been a significant decrease in BC mortality rate, except in women under 75 years of age. Despite this temporal trend of decreasing mortality, BC continues to have a significant impact on YPLL, mainly in men. Given this context, it is important to direct more resources towards prevention and early diagnosis strategies to correct this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Sarrio-Sanz
- Urology Department, University Hospital of San Juan de Alicante, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (P.S.-S.); (L.M.-C.); (L.G.-P.)
| | - Laura Martinez-Cayuelas
- Urology Department, University Hospital of San Juan de Alicante, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (P.S.-S.); (L.M.-C.); (L.G.-P.)
| | | | - José Antonio Quesada
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Luis Gomez-Perez
- Urology Department, University Hospital of San Juan de Alicante, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (P.S.-S.); (L.M.-C.); (L.G.-P.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain;
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Huỳnh C, Kisely S, Rochette L, Pelletier É, Morrison KB, Li S, Hopkin G, Smith M, Burchill C, Lin E, Asbridge M, Jutras-Aswad D, Lesage A. Measuring Substance-Related Disorders Using Canadian Administrative Health Databanks: Interprovincial Comparisons of Recorded Diagnostic Rates, Incidence Proportions and Mortality Rate Ratios. Can J Psychiatry 2022; 67:117-129. [PMID: 34569874 PMCID: PMC8978214 DOI: 10.1177/07067437211043446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Assessing temporal changes in the recorded diagnostic rates, incidence proportions, and health outcomes of substance-related disorders (SRD) can inform public health policymakers in reducing harms associated with alcohol and other drugs. OBJECTIVE To report the annual and cumulative recorded diagnostic rates and incidence proportions of SRD, as well as mortality rate ratios (MRRs) by cause of death among this group in Canada, according to their province of residence. METHODS Analyses were performed on linked administrative health databases (AHD; physician claims, hospitalizations, and vital statistics) in five Canadian provinces (Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Québec, and Nova Scotia). Canadians 12 years and older and registered for their provincial healthcare coverage were included. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes) was used for case identification of SRD from April 2001 to March 2018. RESULTS During the study period, the annual recorded SRD diagnostic rates increased in Alberta (2001-2002: 8.0‰; 2017-2018: 12.8‰), Ontario (2001-2002: 11.5‰; 2017-2018: 14.4‰), and Nova Scotia (2001-2002: 6.4‰; 2017-2018: 12.7‰), but remained stable in Manitoba (2001-2002: 5.5‰; 2017-2018: 5.4‰) and Québec (2001-2002 and 2017-2018: 7.5‰). Cumulative recorded SRD diagnostic rates increased steadily for all provinces. Recorded incidence proportions increased significantly in Alberta (2001-2002: 4.5‰; 2017-2018: 5.0‰) and Nova Scotia (2001-2002: 3.3‰; 2017-2018: 3.8‰), but significantly decreased in Ontario (2001-2002: 6.2‰; 2017-2018: 4.7‰), Québec (2001-2002: 4.1‰; 2017-2018: 3.2‰) and Manitoba (2001-2002: 2.7‰; 2017-2018: 2.0‰). For almost all causes of death, a higher MRR was found among individuals with recorded SRD than in the general population. The causes of death in 2015-2016 with the highest MRR for SRD individuals were SRD, suicide, and non-suicide trauma in Alberta, Ontario, Manitoba, and Québec. DISCUSSION Linked AHD covering almost the entire population can be useful to monitor the medical service trends of SRD and, therefore, guide health services planning in Canadian provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Huỳnh
- University Institute on Addictions, 49987CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Québec.,Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,School of Psychoeducation, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Recherche et Intervention sur les Substances Psychoactives - Québec, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.,54470Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Steve Kisely
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, 12361Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Louis Rochette
- 54470Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Éric Pelletier
- 54470Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Shelley Li
- 151965Alberta Health, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gareth Hopkin
- Institute of Health Economics & University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Health Technology Wales, 1029NHS Wales/GIG Cymru, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Mark Smith
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, 50023University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Charles Burchill
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, 50023University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Lin
- 7978Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Asbridge
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, 12361Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Didier Jutras-Aswad
- University Institute on Addictions, 49987CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Québec.,Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Research Centre, 5622Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Lesage
- University Institute on Addictions, 49987CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Québec.,Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,54470Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, Canada.,25443Research Centre of the Montréal Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Xia W, Wang Y, Chen S, Huang J, Wang B, Zhang GJ, Zhang Y, Liu X, Ma J, Gong P, Jiang Y, Wu M, Xue J, Wei L, Zhang T. Double Trouble of Air Pollution by Anthropogenic Dust. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:761-769. [PMID: 34941248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With urbanization worldwide in recent decades, anthropogenic dust (AD) emissions due to heavy urban construction and off-road vehicle use have been increasing. Its perturbations on urban air pollution at the global scale are still unclear. Based on observations, we found that a high urban AD optical depth is often accompanied by severe non-dust aerosol optical depth in the planetary boundary layer (PBL), both magnitudes even comparable. To investigate the causes, an AD emission inventory constrained by satellite retrievals is implemented in a global climate model. The results show that AD-induced surface radiative cooling of up to -15.9 ± 4.0 W m-2 regionally leads to reduced PBL height, which deteriorates non-dust pollution, especially over India and northern China, in addition to the tremendous direct AD contribution to pollutants. The estimated global total premature mortality due to AD is 0.8 million deaths per year and is more severe in populous regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Xia
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianping Huang
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modelling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guang J Zhang
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jianmin Ma
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Gong
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua Urban Institute, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Geography and Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yiquan Jiang
- CMA-NJU Joint Laboratory for Climate Prediction Studies, Institute for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mingxuan Wu
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Jinkai Xue
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Linyi Wei
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tinghan Zhang
- Atmosphere Biosphere Cryosphere Interactions Group, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, FI-00560 Helsinki, Finland
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Kim J. Handgrip Strength to Predict the Risk of All-Cause and Premature Mortality in Korean Adults: A 10-Year Cohort Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 19:ijerph19010039. [PMID: 35010298 PMCID: PMC8751337 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The prospective association of muscular weakness with the risk of all-cause and premature mortality in a general population remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the prospective effects of handgrip strength and muscular weakness on risk for all-cause and premature mortality over 10 years using a large nationwide sample of Korean adults. The study participants included 9229 middle and older adults (4131 males and 5098 females), using data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing 2006-2016. Muscular strength was measured using handgrip strength. Muscle weakness was defined using the sex-specific handgrip strength index based on the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (AWGSOP). The primary outcome was all-cause and premature mortality assessed based on the death certificate. The hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality was negatively associated with level of handgrip strength independent of potential confounding factors (HR: 2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.62-2.63 for lowest quartile vs. highest quartile). When examined using muscle weakness defined using the AWGSOP diagnosis, the mortality was 1.56 times higher in the weak group (HR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.36-1.78). We also found that risk of premature mortality was observed in the lowest quartile (HR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.80-3.05) and the muscle weakness group (HR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.52-2.13) in the fully adjusted model. Our 10-year prospective cohort study showed that handgrip strength and muscle weakness are strongly associated with an increased risk of all-cause and premature mortality in healthy middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghoon Kim
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Laboratory, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-Gu, Busan 49112, Korea
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Zheng S, Schlink U, Ho K, Singh RP, Pozzer A. Spatial Distribution of PM 2.5-Related Premature Mortality in China. Geohealth 2021; 5:e2021GH000532. [PMID: 34926970 PMCID: PMC8647684 DOI: 10.1029/2021gh000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 is a major component of air pollution in China and has a serious threat to public health. It is very important to quantify spatial characteristics of the health effects caused by outdoor PM2.5 exposure. This study analyzed the spatial distribution of PM2.5 concentration (45.9 μg/m3 national average in 2016) and premature mortality attributed to PM2.5 in cities at the prefectural level and above in China in 2016. Using the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM), the total premature mortality in China was estimated to be 1.55 million persons, and the per capita mortality was 11.2 per 10,000 persons in the year 2016, resulting in higher estimates compared to the integrated exposure-response model. We assessed the premature mortality attributed to PM2.5 through common diseases, including ischemic heart disease (IHD), cerebrovascular disease (CEV), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer (LC), and lower respiratory infections (LRI). The premature mortality due to IHD and CEV accounted for 68.5% of the total mortality, and the per capita mortality (per 10,000 persons) for all ages due to IHD was 3.86, the highest among diseases. For the spatial distribution of disease-specific premature mortality, the top two highest absolute numbers of premature mortality associated with IHD, CEV, LC, and LRI, respectively, were found in Chongqing and Beijing. In 338 cities of China, we have found a significant positive spatial autocorrelation of per capita premature mortality, indicating the necessity of coordinated regional governance for an efficient control of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zheng
- Department of Land ManagementZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP), Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC)Nanjing University of Information Science & TechnologyNanjingChina
| | - Uwe Schlink
- Department of Urban and Environmental SociologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research‐UFZLeipzigGermany
| | - Kin‐Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Ramesh P. Singh
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesSchmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University DriveOrangeCAUSA
| | - Andrea Pozzer
- Atmospheric Chemistry DepartmentMax Planck Institute for ChemistryMainzGermany
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Nagi M, Riewpaiboon A, Thavorncharoensap M. Cost of premature mortality attributable to smoking in the Middle East and North Africa. East Mediterr Health J 2021; 27:974-983. [PMID: 34766323 DOI: 10.26719/emhj.21.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Tobacco smoking is a leading cause of premature mortality, incurring substantial economic costs. Aims To estimate the rate and cost of premature mortality attributable to smoking in the 24 Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries in 2015. Methods Smoking attributable fractions were estimated. Twenty-four smoking-related diseases were included in the analysis. For each country, the total number of deaths by disease, age, and gender among individuals aged ≥ 15 years were derived from a World Health Organization database. Human capital approach was used in calculating cost of premature mortality. Results Smoking was responsible for 465 285 deaths in MENA countries, resulting in 7 122 706 years of potential life lost, or an average of 15.23 years lost per smoking-related death. Of the total 465 285 smoking-related deaths, 412 415 (88.6%) occurred in men, accounting for 37% of all deaths from the diseases considered in this analysis among men. The total mortality cost attributable to smoking was estimated at US$ 29.7 billion in 2015 (0.76% of MENA's gross domestic product). Turkey was the country most affected by the tobacco epidemic, representing 41% of smoking-related mortality cost in the whole region, followed by Saudi Arabia (8.76%) and Egypt (7.88%). Conclusion Smoking is an important preventable cause of premature mortality in MENA countries. Substantial decline in smoking-attributable deaths and significant economic cost saving can be achieved in this region through more effective tobacco control policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouaddh Nagi
- Master of Science Program in Social, Economic, and Administrative Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Faculty of Medical Science, Aljanad University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Arthorn Riewpaiboon
- Social and Administrative Pharmacy Excellence Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Montarat Thavorncharoensap
- Social and Administrative Pharmacy Excellence Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Gangavelli
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Alanna A Morris
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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Morin KA, Vojtesek F, Acharya S, Dabous JR, Marsh DC. Evidence of Increased Age and Sex Standardized Death Rates Among Individuals Who Accessed Opioid Agonist Treatment Before the Era of Synthetic Opioids in Ontario, Canada. Cureus 2021; 13:e19051. [PMID: 34853762 PMCID: PMC8608679 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate age-sex standardized death rates (ASDR) from all causes from 2011 to 2015 among people who have accessed opioid agonist treatment (OAT) and compare rates living in the Northern and Southern areas of Ontario. Methods Routinely collected administrative health data was used to calculate crude death rates and age-sex standardized death rates (ASDRs) per 1,000,000 population of individuals who accessed OAT and compared the rates geographically from 2011 to 2015. The weighted ASDRs for each year were calculated by using the mid-year population of these regions. The rate ratios were calculated considering the base year as 2011. Results A total of 55,924 adults who accessed OAT were included between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2015. The majority of patients in the cohort - 52.3% - were between 15 and 34 years old, 32.5% were female, 11.3% were in the lowest income group, 71.1% lived in Southern areas. Overall, the ASDR steadily increased during the study period and spiked in 2015. We found that among individuals who had accessed OAT, living in Southern Ontario was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality than those living in Northern Ontario. ASDR for Northern Ontario was 20.0 (95% confidence interval (CI)= 10.2-34.2) in 2011, and 103.5(95%CI=78.5-133.5) in 2015, which was a five-fold increase from 2011. Whereas in Southern Ontario, ASDR in 2011 was 13.8 (95% CI= 11.5-16.5), and in 2015 ASDR was 60.8 (95%CI=55.8-66.1), which was only a 4-fold increase from 2011 Conclusion Our findings demonstrate evidence of a steadily increasing ASDR among individuals who accessed OAT with higher rates in Northern areas of the province before the era of synthetic opioids in Ontario, Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Morin
- Human Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, CAN
| | - Frank Vojtesek
- Human Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, CAN
| | - Shreedhar Acharya
- Office of Institutional Intelligence, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, CAN
| | - John R Dabous
- Curriculum Design, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, CAN
| | - David C Marsh
- Addiction Medicine, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) North, Sudbury, CAN
- Research, Innovation and International Relations, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, CAN
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Abstract
Geographical inequalities in life and death are among the world's most pronounced in the United States. However, the driving forces behind this macroscopic variation in population health outcomes remain surprisingly understudied, both empirically and theoretically. The present article steps into this breach by assessing a number of theoretically informed hypotheses surrounding the underlying causes of such spatial heterogeneity. Above and beyond a range of usual suspects, such as poverty, unemployment, and ethno-racial disparities, we find that a hitherto neglected explanans is prison incarceration. In particular, through the use of previously unavailable county-level panel data and a compound instrumentation technique suited to isolating exogenous treatment variation, high imprisonment rates are shown to substantially increase the population-wide risk of premature death. Our findings contribute to the political economy of population health by relating the rise of the carceral state to the amplification of geographically anchored unequal life chances.
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Yang J, Zhao L, Zhang N, Du Z, Li Y, Li X, Zhao D, Wang J. Cancer death and potential years of life lost in Feicheng City, China: Trends from 2013 to 2018. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27370. [PMID: 34596152 PMCID: PMC8483870 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of cancer-related mortality on life expectancy in Feicheng City.We extracted the death records and population data of Feicheng City from 2013 to 2018 through the Feicheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The mortality, premature mortality, cause-eliminated life expectancy, potential years of life lost (PYLL), average potential years of life lost (APYLL), annual change percentage (APC), and other indicators of cancer were calculated. The age-standardized rates were calculated using the sixth national census (2010).From 2013 to 2018, the mortality rate of cancer in Feicheng City was 221.55/100,000, and the standardized mortality rate was 166.37/100,000. The standardized mortality rate increased from 2013 to 2014 and then decreased annually. The premature mortality of cancer was 8.98% and showed a downward trend (APC = -2.47%, t = -3.10, P = .04). From 2013 to 2018, the average life expectancy of residents in Feicheng City was 78.63 years. Eliminating the impact of cancer, life expectancy could increase by 3.72 years. The rate of life loss caused by cancer in men was higher than that in women. The total life loss caused by cancer deaths was 126,870.50 person-years, the potential life loss rate was 22.51‰, and the average potential life loss was 13.30 years. The standardized potential years of life lost rate showed a downward trend (APC = -2.96%, t = -3.72, P = .02), and APYLL decreased by 1.98% annually (t = -5.44, P = .01). The top 5 malignant tumors in APYLL were leukemia, breast cancer, brain tumor, liver cancer, and ovarian cancer.Lung cancer, esophageal cancer, female breast cancer, and childhood leukemia have a great impact on the life expectancy of residents in Feicheng City. Effective measures need to be taken to reduce the disease burden of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Cancer Prevention and Trentment Center, Feicheng People's Hospital, Feicheng, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenhua Du
- Feicheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Feicheng, Shandong, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Cancer Prevention and Trentment Center, Feicheng People's Hospital, Feicheng, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Deli Zhao
- Cancer Prevention and Trentment Center, Feicheng People's Hospital, Feicheng, Shandong, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Bray F, Laversanne M, Weiderpass E, Soerjomataram I. The ever-increasing importance of cancer as a leading cause of premature death worldwide. Cancer 2021; 127:3029-3030. [PMID: 34086348 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 721] [Impact Index Per Article: 240.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The relative importance of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer as leading causes of premature death are examined in this communication. CVD and cancer are now the leading causes in 127 countries, with CVD leading in 70 countries (including Brazil and India) and cancer leading in 57 countries (including China). Such observations can be seen as part of a late phase of an epidemiologic transition, taking place in the second half of the 20th century and the first half of the present one, in which the dominance of infectious diseases is progressively superseded by noncommunicable diseases. According to present ranks and recent trends, cancer may surpass CVD as the leading cause of premature death in most countries over the course of this century. Clearly, governments must factor in these transitions in developing cancer policies for the local disease profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddie Bray
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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