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Yu D, Cai Y, Osuagwu UL, Pickering K, Baker J, Cutfield R, Orr-Walker BJ, Sundborn G, Wang Z, Zhao Z, Simmons D. All-cause, premature, and cardiovascular death attributable to socioeconomic and ethnic disparities among New Zealanders with type 1 diabetes 1994-2019: a multi-linked population-based cohort study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:298. [PMID: 38273238 PMCID: PMC10811898 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New Zealand (NZ) research into type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) mortality can inform policy and future research. In this study we aimed to quantify the magnitude to which ethnicity and socioeconomic disparities influenced mortality at the population level among people with Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in Auckland, New Zealand (NZ). METHODS The cohort data were derived from the primary care diabetes audit program the Diabetes Care Support Service (DCSS), and linked with national primary care, pharmaceutical claims, hospitalisation, and death registration databases. People with T1DM enrolled in DCSS between 1994-2018 were included. All-cause, premature, and cardiovascular mortalities were estimated by Poisson regression models with adjustment for population-level confounders. The mortality rates ratio (MRR) was standardized against the DCSS type 2 diabetes population. Mortality rates were compared by ethnic group (NZ European (NZE) and non-NZE) and socioeconomic deprivation quintile. The population attributable fraction (PAF) was estimated for ethnic and socioeconomic disparities by Cox regression adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical covariates. The adjusted slope index inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII) were used to measure the socioeconomic disparity in mortalities. RESULTS Overall, 2395 people with T1DM (median age 34.6 years; 45% female; 69% NZE) were enrolled, among whom the all-cause, premature and CVD mortalities were 6.69 (95% confidence interval: 5.93-7.53), 3.30 (2.77-3.90) and 1.77 (1.39-2.23) per 1,000 person-years over 25 years. The overall MRR was 0.39 (0.34-0.45), 0.65 (0.52-0.80), and 0.31 (0.24-0.41) for all-cause, premature and CVD mortality, respectively. PAF attributable to ethnicity disparity was not significantly different for mortality. The adjusted PAF indicated that 25.74 (0.84-44.39)% of all-cause mortality, 25.88 (0.69-44.69)% of premature mortality, 55.89 (1.20-80.31)% of CVD mortality could be attributed to socioeconomic inequality. The SII was 8.04 (6.30-9.78), 4.81 (3.60-6.02), 2.70 (1.82-3.59) per 1,000 person-years and RII was 2.20 (1.94-2.46), 2.46 (2.09-2.82), and 2.53 (2.03-3.03) for all-cause, premature and CVD mortality, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that socioeconomic disparities were responsible for a substantial proportion of all-cause, premature and CVD mortality in people with T1DM in Auckland, NZ. Reducing socioeconomic barriers to management and self-management would likely improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Yu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Yamei Cai
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Campbelltown, NSW 2751, Australia
| | | | - John Baker
- Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Otara, New Zealand
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Cutfield
- Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Otara, New Zealand
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brandon J Orr-Walker
- Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Otara, New Zealand
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gerhard Sundborn
- Section of Pacific Health, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - David Simmons
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Campbelltown, NSW 2751, Australia.
- Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Otara, New Zealand.
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Yu D, Qu B, Osuagwu UL, Pickering K, Baker J, Cutfield R, Cai Y, Orr‐Walker BJ, Sundborn G, Zhao Z, Simmons D. Association Between Onset of Type 2 Diabetes and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in New Zealanders With Impaired Glucose Tolerance Over 25 Years. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030159. [PMID: 37702092 PMCID: PMC10547295 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Background The association between the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and atrial fibrillation (AF) risk in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the incident onset of T2D and 5- and 10-year (after the landmark period) risks of AF in people with IGT identified in South and West Auckland primary care settings between 1994 and 2019. Methods and Results We compared AF risk in patients with IGT with and without newly diagnosed T2D within a 1- to 5-year exposure window. Tapered matching and landmark analysis (to address immortal bias) were used to control for confounding variables. The cohorts incorporated 785 patients who had T2D newly diagnosed within 5 years from enrollment (landmark date) and 15 079 patients without a T2D diagnosis. Patients progressing to T2D exhibited significantly higher 5-year (after the landmark period) AF risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.34 [95% CI, 1.10-1.63]) and 10-year (after the landmark period) AF risk (HR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.02-1.62]) compared with those without incident T2D. The association was more pronounced among men, older patients, socioeconomically deprived individuals, current smokers, those with higher metabolic measures, and lower renal function. New Zealand European ethnicity was associated with a lower 5- and 10-year risk of AF. Conclusions This study found a mediating effect of T2D on the risk of AF in a population with IGT in New Zealand. The development of risk scores and future replication studies can help identify and guide management of individuals with IGT at the highest risk of AF following incident T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated HospitalZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of MedicineKeele UniversityKeeleUnited Kingdom
| | - Bingjie Qu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated HospitalZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI)Western Sydney University, CampbelltownSydneyAustralia
- School of MedicineWestern Sydney University, CampbelltownSydneyAustralia
| | | | - John Baker
- Diabetes Foundation AotearoaOtaraNew Zealand
- Department of Diabetes and EndocrinologyCounties Manukau HealthAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Richard Cutfield
- Diabetes Foundation AotearoaOtaraNew Zealand
- Department of Diabetes and EndocrinologyWaitemata District Health BoardAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Yamei Cai
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated HospitalZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Brandon J. Orr‐Walker
- Diabetes Foundation AotearoaOtaraNew Zealand
- Department of Diabetes and EndocrinologyCounties Manukau HealthAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Gerhard Sundborn
- Section of Pacific HealthThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated HospitalZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - David Simmons
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated HospitalZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI)Western Sydney University, CampbelltownSydneyAustralia
- School of MedicineWestern Sydney University, CampbelltownSydneyAustralia
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Yu D, Qu B, Osuagwu UL, Pickering K, Baker J, MBChB RC, Cai Y, Orr-Walker BJ, Sundborn G, Zhao Z, Simmons D. Effect of onset of type 2 diabetes on risks of cardiovascular disease and heart failure among new Zealanders with impaired glucose tolerance over 25 years: tapered-matched landmark analysis. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:163. [PMID: 37391762 PMCID: PMC10314599 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the association between the incident onset of T2DM and 5- and 10-year risks of CVD and HF in people with IGT identified in primary care in South and West Auckland, New Zealand (NZ) between 1994 and 2019. METHODS We compared CVD and HF risks in patients with IGT and with/without T2D newly diagnosed within the exposure window (1-5 years). Tapered matching and landmark analysis (to account for immortal bias) were used to control for potential effects of known confounders. RESULTS Among 26,794 patients enrolled with IGT, 845 had T2D newly diagnosed within 5 years from enrolment (landmark date) and 15,452 did not have T2D diagnosed. Patients progressing to T2D (vs. those not progressing) had a similar 5-year risk for CVD (hazard ratio 1.19; 95% CI 0.61-2.32) but significantly higher 10-year risk of CVD (2.45(1.40-4.29)), 5-year risk of HF (1.94(1.20-3.12)) and 10-year risk of HF (2.84(1.83-4.39). The association between the onset of T2D and risk of 10-year risk of CVD, 5-year and 10-year risk of HF was more likely among men, the socioeconomically deprived, those currently smoking, patients with higher metabolic measures and/or those with lower renal function. Patients of NZ European ethnicity had a lower 10-year risk of CVD. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that the diagnosis of T2D mediates the risk of CVD and HF in people with IGT. The development of risk scores to identify and better manage individuals with IGT at high risk of T2D is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Yu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Bingjie Qu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Sydney, NSW, 2560, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | | | - John Baker
- Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Otara, New Zealand
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Cutfield MBChB
- Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Otara, New Zealand
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yamei Cai
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Brandon J Orr-Walker
- Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Otara, New Zealand
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gerhard Sundborn
- Section of Pacific Health, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - David Simmons
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Sydney, NSW, 2560, Australia.
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia.
- Macarthur Clinical School, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Campbelltown, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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Sundborn G, Lesa F, King G, Vennell K, Kozak H, Pickering K, Baker J. Empagliflozin and dulaglutide: community awareness project promotes improved access to newly funded medications for Pacific patients with type 2 diabetes. N Z Med J 2023; 136:66-74. [PMID: 36958323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aims of our awareness campaign were to increase the number of inquiries by patients to doctors for two new diabetes drugs funded by Pharmac on 1 February 2021 and 1 September 2021 respectively, to increase the number of applications for special authority, and to trial a "grass roots" community dissemination of information that appeals to explicit individual benefit from the new medicines. The campaign used an approach tailored primarily to the Pasifika community. METHODS The campaign ran from April 2021 to July 2021 and targeted Counties Manukau communities using a talanoa approach by primarily by sharing key messages informally through social networks face-to-face by word-of-mouth. The key messages about the new medicines were shared orally with local organisations, family, friends, influential community leaders and colleagues such as justices of peace, kapa haka leaders, committee representatives from local schools, sports, cultural and hobby clubs. A printed pamphlet translated in Māori, Samoan, Tongan and English with the key messages was also distributed widely. The campaign notified 102 primary care practices, used Pacific equity teams to disseminate the information, promoted the message on Māori and Pasifika radio stations, and engaged a public relations company who contacted the South Auckland Community Trust, councillors, community boards and local churches. This approach was intended to spread the message through the community to reach people with type 2 diabetes and/or their families to prompt them to contact their doctor and see if they are eligible. To gauge how effective the campaign was, we gathered data from Pharmac that quantified new prescriptions for the new medicines by location and ethnicity. RESULTS An estimated 45,000 people were exposed to our campaign materials or were told about the new medicines by people they knew. These estimations were conservatively based on the known membership, listenership, and reach of the various delivery arms by which this campaign was delivered. These data show Pacific patients, the focus of about 64% of our project work, were 40% more likely to apply and receive a prescription for empagliflozin in Counties Manukau than anywhere else in the country. CONCLUSION Direct-to-consumer marketing is an effective way of increasing health awareness and uptake of newly funded diabetes medicine amongst Pacific patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Sundborn
- Senior Lecturer, Section of Pacific Health School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland
| | - Fale Lesa
- Board Member, Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa
| | | | | | | | | | - John Baker
- Clinical Director, Middlemore Clinical Trials, Auckland
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Yu D, Osuagwu UL, Pickering K, Baker J, Cutfield R, Wang Z, Cai Y, Orr-Walker BJ, Sundborn G, Zhao Z, Simmons D. Adverse Clinical Outcomes Attributable to Socioeconomic and Ethnic Disparities Among People with Type 2 Diabetes in New Zealand Between 1994-2018: A Multiple Linked Cohort Study. Clin Epidemiol 2023; 15:511-523. [PMID: 37153075 PMCID: PMC10162107 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s402307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The study aimed to examine the separate population-level contributions of the ethnic and socioeconomic disparities among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and residence in New Zealand (NZ). Patients and Methods A prospective cohort enrolled T2DM patients from 01/01/1994 into the Diabetes Care Support Service, a primary care audit program in Auckland, NZ. The cohort was linked to national registry databases (socioeconomic status, pharmaceutical claim, hospitalization, and death registration). Each cohort member was followed up till death or the study end time (31/12/2019), whichever came first. Incident clinical events (stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and premature mortality (PM)) were used as outcomes. The attributable fractions (AFs) were estimated for the whole population and for specific population with NZ Europeans (NZE) and/or least deprived population as reference, both unadjusted and with adjustment for covariables by Cox Regression models. Results Among 36,267 patients, adjusted population AFs indicated 6.6(-30.8-33.3)% of PM, 17.1(5.8-27.0)% of MI, 35.3(22.6-46.0)% of stroke, 14.3(3.2-24.2)% of HF, and 15.9(6.7-24.2)% of ESRD could be attributed to deprivation; while 14.3(3.3-25.4)% of PM, -3.3(-8.3-1.5)% of MI, -0.5(-6.7-5.3)% of stroke, 4.7(0.3-8.8)% of HF, 13.3(9.9-16.6)% of ESRD could be attributed to ethnicity. Deprivation contributed a significant AF to stroke, while ethnicity was important for ESRD. Gradient of AF for deprivation indicated NZE and Asians were most affected by deprivation across outcomes. Conversely, Māori, with the highest AFs for ethnicity of PM and ESRD, were unaffected by deprivation. At same deprivations, the AFs of MI and stroke were greatest among NZE compared with other ethnic groups; the AF of ESRD was greatest among Māori and Pasifika. Conclusion Both socioeconomic deprivation and ethnicity are strongly associated with outcomes in patients with T2DM in NZ, although the extent of the deprivation gradient is greatest among NZE and Asians, and least among Māori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - John Baker
- Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Cutfield
- Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yamei Cai
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Brandon J Orr-Walker
- Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gerhard Sundborn
- Section of Pacific Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - David Simmons
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Correspondence: David Simmons; Zhanzheng Zhao, Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China, Tel +61 2 4620 3899; +86 139 3852 5666, Fax +61 2 4620 3890; +86 371 6698 8753, Email ;
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Yu D, Wang Z, Cai Y, Osuagwu UL, Pickering K, Baker J, Cutfield R, Orr-Walker BJ, Sundborn G, Jayanatha K, Zhao Z, Simmons D. Ethnic differences in 25-year risk of incident chronic kidney disease among people with type 2 diabetes in New Zealand. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2022; 10:10/6/e003077. [PMID: 36521879 PMCID: PMC9756147 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insights into ethnic differences in the natural history of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) might inform clinical strategies to address disparities in hospitalization and mortality. Risks of CKD II-V stages over a 25-year period between New Zealand Europeans (NZEs), Māori and Pasifika, and with T2DM in Auckland, New Zealand (NZ) were compared. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS As a primary care audit program in Auckland, the Diabetes Care Support Service was linked with national registration databases. People with existing CKD II-V were ruled out. To balance potential confounders, we applied a tapered matching method . 'Quasi-trial'-matched cohorts were set up separately between Māori and NZE and between Pasifika and NZE. Ethnic population differences in risk of any and each stage of CKD over 1994-2018 were examined by weighted Cox regression model. RESULTS The HRs for developing any CKD, CKD stages II-V for Māori (n=2215) versus NZE (n=2028) were 1.18 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.41), 1.10 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.32), 1.70 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.43), 3.93 (95% CI 2.16 to 7.14), and 3.74 (95% CI 1.74 to 8.05), respectively. Compared with NZE (n=2474), the HRs for developing any CKD, CKD stages II-V for Pasifika (n=3101) were 1.31 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.57), 1.26 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.52), 1.71 (95% CI 1.14 to 2.57), 3.75 (95% CI 1.40 to 10.05), and 4.96 (95% CI 1.56 to 15.75), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Among people with T2DM in NZ, significant ethnic differences exist in the risk of progressing to each stage of CKD (stage V in particular). Mechanism studies underlying these differences, as well as the need for identification of biomarkers to predict the early onset renal lesion, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Yu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamei Cai
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - John Baker
- Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Otara, New Zealand
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Cutfield
- Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Otara, New Zealand
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brandon J Orr-Walker
- Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Otara, New Zealand
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gerhard Sundborn
- Section of Pacific Health, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kalpa Jayanatha
- Department of Renal Medicine, Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New Zealand
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - David Simmons
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Yu D, Cai Y, Levi Osuagwu U, Pickering K, Baker J, Cutfield R, McKree Jansen R, Orr-Walker BJ, Sundborn G, Zhao Z, Simmons D. Ethnic differences in metabolic achievement between Māori, Pacific, and European New Zealanders with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 189:109910. [PMID: 35537520 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare variations in metabolic target achievement by ethnicity (Europeans, Māori and Pasifika) among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Auckland, New Zealand (NZ) between 1994 and 2013. METHODS 32,237 patients were enrolled. Adjusted marginal difference (European as reference) of systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI), HbA1c and total cholesterol, alongside the proportion achieving metabolic targets were estimated using multivariable mixed effect models at baseline, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-years, adjusted for covariates. RESULTS Compared with Europeans, Māori and Pasifika had continuously, significantly higher HbA1c (by 0.3% (+3.5 mmol/mol) and 0.6% (+6.8 mmol/mol) respectively and BMI (+1.5 and +0.3 kg/m2 respectively) but lower SBP (-1.8 and -3.4 mmHg respectively) and TG (-0.03 and -0.34 mmol/L respectively), and insignificantly TC (+0.004 and +0.01 respectively), by 5-years of follow-up. While 49% Europeans were within target HbA1c, this was achieved by only 30% Māori and 27% Pasifika. Conversely, 41% Europeans, 46% Māori and 59% Pasifika achieved the SBP target (all P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Managing hyperglycemia appears to be more challenging than treating hypertension and dyslipidemia among Māori and Pasifika. New anti-hyperglycemia treatments, addressing health literacy, socioeconomic and any cultural barriers to management and self-management are urgently needed to reduce these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Yu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Yamei Cai
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu
- Macarthur Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Sydney NSW 2751, Australia
| | | | - John Baker
- Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Otara, New Zealand; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Counties Manukau Health, South Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Cutfield
- Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Otara, New Zealand; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Brandon J Orr-Walker
- Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Otara, New Zealand; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Counties Manukau Health, South Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gerhard Sundborn
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - David Simmons
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Macarthur Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Sydney NSW 2751, Australia.
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Yu D, Wang Z, Cai Y, McBride K, Osuagwu UL, Pickering K, Baker J, Cutfield R, Orr-Walker BJ, Sundborn G, Jameson MB, Zhao Z, Simmons D. Ethnic Differences in Cancer Rates Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes in New Zealand From 1994 to 2018. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2147171. [PMID: 35129595 PMCID: PMC8822383 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.47171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE People with type 2 diabetes have greater risk for some site-specific cancers, and risks of cancers differ among racial and ethnic groups in the general population of Aotearoa New Zealand. The extent of ethnic disparities in cancer risks among people with type 2 diabetes in New Zealand is unclear. OBJECTIVE To compare the risks of 21 common adult cancers among Māori, Pasifika, and New Zealand European individuals with type 2 diabetes in New Zealand from 1994 to 2018. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This population-based, matched cohort study used data from the primary care audit program in Auckland, New Zealand, linked with national cancer, death, and hospitalization registration databases, collected from January 1, 1994, to July 31, 2018, with follow-up data obtained through December 31, 2019. Using a tapered matching method to balance potential confounders (sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, anthropometric and clinical measurements, treatments [antidiabetes, antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and anticoagulant], period effects, and recorded duration of diabetes), comparative cohorts were formed between New Zealand European and Māori and New Zealand European and Pasifika individuals aged 18 years or older with type 2 diabetes. Sex-specific matched cohorts were formed for sex-specific cancers. EXPOSURES Māori, Pasifika, and New Zealand European (reference group) ethnicity. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The incidence rates of 21 common cancers recorded in nationally linked databases between 1994 and 2018 were the main outcomes. Weighted Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess ethnic differences in risk of each cancer. RESULTS A total of 33 524 adults were included: 15 469 New Zealand European (mean [SD] age, 61.6 [13.2] years; 8522 [55.1%] male), 6656 Māori (mean [SD] age, 51.2 [12.4] years; 3345 [50.3%] female), and 11 399 Pasifika (mean [SD] age, 52.8 [12.7] years; 5994 [52.6%] female) individuals. In the matched New Zealand European and Māori cohort (New Zealand European: 8361 individuals; mean [SD] age, 58.9 [12.9] years; 4595 [55.0%] male; Māori: 5039 individuals; mean [SD] age, 51.4 [12.3] years; 2542 [50.5%] male), significant differences between New Zealand European and Māori individuals were identified in the risk for 7 cancers. Compared with New Zealand European individuals, the hazard ratios (HRs) among Māori individuals were 15.36 (95% CI, 4.50-52.34) for thyroid cancer, 7.94 (95% CI, 1.57-40.24) for gallbladder cancer, 4.81 (95% CI, 1.08-21.42) for cervical cancer (females only), 1.97 (95% CI, 1.30-2.99) for lung cancer, 1.81 (95% CI, 1.08-3.03) for liver cancer, 0.56 (95% CI, 0.35-0.90) for colon cancer, and 0.11 (95% CI, 0.04-0.27) for malignant melanoma. In the matched New Zealand European and Pasifika cohort (New Zealand European: 9340 individuals; mean [SD] age, 60.6 [13.1] years; 4885 [52.3%] male; Pasifika: 8828 individuals; mean [SD] age, 53.1 [12.6] years; 4612 [52.2%] female), significant differences between New Zealand European and Pasifika individuals were identified for 6 cancers. Compared with New Zealand European individuals, HRs among Pasifika individuals were 25.10 (95% CI, 3.14-200.63) for gallbladder cancer, 4.47 (95% CI, 1.25-16.03) for thyroid cancer, 0.48 (95% CI, 0.30-0.78) for colon cancer, 0.21 (95% CI, 0.09-0.48) for rectal cancer, 0.21 (95% CI, 0.07-0.65) for malignant melanoma, and 0.01 (95% CI, 0.01-0.10) for bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, differences in the risk of 21 common cancers were found between New Zealand European, Māori, and Pasifika groups of adults with type 2 diabetes in New Zealand from 1994 to 2018. Research into the mechanisms underlying these differences as well as additional screening strategies (eg, for thyroid and gallbladder cancers) appear to be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yamei Cai
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kate McBride
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - John Baker
- Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Otara, New Zealand
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Counties Manukau Health, South Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Cutfield
- Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Otara, New Zealand
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brandon J. Orr-Walker
- Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Otara, New Zealand
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Counties Manukau Health, South Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gerhard Sundborn
- Section of Pacific Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael B. Jameson
- Oncology Department, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Waikato Clinical Campus, The University of Auckland, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - David Simmons
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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9
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Abstract
Dental procedures produce aerosols that may remain suspended and travel significant distances from the source. Dental aerosols and droplets contain oral microbes, and there is potential for infectious disease transmission and major disruption to dental services during infectious disease outbreaks. One method to control hazardous aerosols often used in industry is local exhaust ventilation (LEV). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LEV on aerosols and droplets produced during dental procedures. Experiments were conducted on dental mannequins in an 825.4-m3 open-plan clinic and a 49.3-m3 single surgery. Ten-minute crown preparations were performed with an air-turbine handpiece in the open-plan clinic and 10-min full-mouth ultrasonic scaling in the single surgery. Fluorescein was added to instrument irrigation reservoirs as a tracer. In both settings, optical particle counters (OPCs) were used to measure aerosol particles between 0.3 and 10.0 µm, and liquid cyclone air samplers were used to capture aerosolized fluorescein tracer. In addition, in the open-plan setting, fluorescein tracer was captured by passive settling onto filter papers in the environment. Tracer was quantified fluorometrically. An LEV device with high-efficiency particulate air filtration and a flow rate of 5,000 L/min was used. LEV reduced aerosol production from the air-turbine handpiece by 90% within 0.5 m, and this was 99% for the ultrasonic scaler. OPC particle counts were substantially reduced for both procedures and air-turbine settled droplet detection reduced by 95% within 0.5 m. The effect of LEV was substantially greater than suction alone for the air-turbine and was similar to the effect of suction for the ultrasonic scaler. LEV reduces aerosol and droplet contamination from dental procedures by at least 90% in the breathing zone of the operator, and it is therefore a valuable tool to reduce the dispersion of dental aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Allison
- School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - C Dowson
- School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - K Pickering
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - G Červinskytė
- School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Durham
- School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - N S Jakubovics
- School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - R Holliday
- School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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10
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Yu D, Osuagwu L, Pickering K, Baker J, Cutfield R, Orr-Walke B, CaI Y, Zhao Z, Simmons D. 165Ethnic differences in type 2 diabetes mortality and hospitalisation rates in a New Zealand population1994-2018. Int J Epidemiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab168.737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) affects different populations disproportionately including in New Zealand (NZ), where long-term temporal trends in cause-specific clinical outcomes between Māori, European and Pacific people remain unclear.
Methods
Data from patients with T2DM, aged 35-84 years enrolled 1994-2018 in a NZ primary care audit programme (the Diabetes Care Support Service) were linked with national death registration, hospitalisation, pharmaceutical claims and primary care databases. Cause-specific death and hospitalisation rates were adjusted for gender, age, smoking, obesity, social-economic status and time periods by age-period-cohort models.
Results
Overall, 79,912 (50.6% female, mean-age 56±15 years, median follow-up 9.7 years) patients with T2DM were enrolled. For Europeans vs Māori, adjusted incidence rates ratio (IRR) and absolute risk difference /1000 person-years were 1.96 (95% CI: 1.80- 2.14) and 22.85 (19.93-25.77) for all-cause mortality, 1.93 (1.63-2.29) and 6.97 (5.14-8.80) for cardiovascular (CVD) mortality, 1.64 (1.40-1.93) and 3.08 (2.25-3.92) for cancer mortality, 1.26 (1.25-1.28) and 42.70 (41.32-44.08) for CVD hospitalisation, 1.31 (1.28-1.34) and 44.76 (42.37-47.15) for cancer hospitalisation, 2.05 (1.96-2.14) and 31.44 (29.67-33.21) for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) hospitalisation. Pacific rates were significantly less than Māori, but higher than Europeans for ESRD (IRR:1.59 (1.52-1.67)) and CVD (1.09 (1.07-1.10)) hospitalisation.
Conclusions
Poorer health outcomes have persisted among Māori and Pacific people with T2DM for >20 years. New policies supporting more intensive management of T2DM are urgently needed. Differences in outcomes between Māori and Pacific people warrant further research.
Key messages
Outcome disparities have persisted among Māori and Pacific people with T2DM for >20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Yu
- Keele University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
- First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | | | - John Baker
- Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Otara, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Yamei CaI
- First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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11
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Yu D, Cai Y, Osuagwu UL, Pickering K, Baker J, Cutfield R, Jansen RM, Orr-Walker BJ, Sundborn G, Zhao Z, Simmons D. Metabolic Profiles of Maori, Pacific, and European New Zealanders With Type 2 Diabetes Over 25 Years. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:dc211255. [PMID: 34362817 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Yu
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, U.K
| | - Yamei Cai
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | | | - John Baker
- Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Otara, New Zealand
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Counties Manukau Health, South Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Cutfield
- Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Otara, New Zealand
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Brandon J Orr-Walker
- Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Otara, New Zealand
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Counties Manukau Health, South Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gerhard Sundborn
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - David Simmons
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Macarthur Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Sydney, Australia
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12
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Abstract
We use individual-level panel data from the English Longitudinal Survey of Ageing over the period 2004-2013 to investigate the links between financial health and obesity. We find that having no debt (high savings) is associated with a 3.6 (1.6) percentage point lower probability of having a Body Mass Index in excess of 30. Our results are robust to using different estimation methods, to measuring financial health with a subjective indicator, and adiposity with waist circumference. A lower rate of time preference and lower stress levels may be mechanisms which help to explain the association between good financial health and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Guariglia
- Department of Economics, University of Birmingham, University House, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TY, UK.
| | - Mark Monahan
- Health Economics Unit, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Karen Pickering
- Mtech Access, Suite 2, 30 Murdoch Rd, Bicester, OX26 4PP, UK.
| | - Tracy Roberts
- Health Economics Unit, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.
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13
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Pickering K, Ireland J. Continuous digital hypothermia in the prevention and treatment of acute equine laminitis. VE 2020. [DOI: 10.18849/ve.v5i4.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PICO question
Does continuous digital hypothermia improve clinical outcome in equids with acute laminitis compared to supportive treatment alone?
Clinical bottom line
Category of research question
Treatment
The number and type of study designs reviewed
Six experimental randomised controlled trials and one multicentre retrospective case series were reviewed
Strength of evidence
Moderate
Outcomes reported
The outcomes reported were reduced severity of histopathological lamellar lesions in limbs treated with continuous digital hypothermia (CDH; initiated prior to or soon after the onset of experimentally induced acute laminitis) compared to limbs remaining at an ambient temperature in all five experimental studies where histology was performed. A significant reduction was observed in the prevalence or severity of clinical signs of laminitis in limbs treated with CDH compared to limbs remaining at an ambient temperature. In a single retrospective case series, significantly reduced prevalence of clinical laminitis was reported amongst animals receiving CDH compared to those that did not in a referral hospital population of animals treated for colitis
Conclusion
There is moderate evidence to support that CDH when used prior to or in the early stages of clinical signs, may reduce the severity and progression of lamellar lesions in acute laminitis and no evidence demonstrating that it improves clinical outcome compared to supportive treatment alone. Further research into the clinical outcome of equids treated for acute laminitis using CDH is warranted
How to apply this evidence in practice
The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.
Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
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14
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Gallos I, Williams H, Price M, Pickering K, Merriel A, Tobias A, Lissauer D, Gee H, Tunçalp Ö, Gyte G, Moorthy V, Roberts T, Deeks J, Hofmeyr J, Gülmezoglu M, Coomarasamy A. Uterotonic drugs to prevent postpartum haemorrhage: a network meta-analysis. Health Technol Assess 2020; 23:1-356. [PMID: 30821683 DOI: 10.3310/hta23090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Prophylactic uterotonic drugs can reduce blood loss and are routinely recommended. There are several uterotonic drugs for preventing PPH, but it is still debatable which drug or combination of drugs is the most effective. OBJECTIVES To identify the most effective and cost-effective uterotonic drug(s) to prevent PPH, and generate a ranking according to their effectiveness and side-effect profile. METHODS The Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth's Trials Register (1 June 2015), ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization (WHO)'s International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) were searched for unpublished trial reports (30 June 2015). In addition, reference lists of retrieved studies (updated October 2017) were searched for randomised trials evaluating uterotonic drugs for preventing PPH. The study estimated relative effects and rankings for preventing PPH, defined as blood loss of ≥ 500 ml and ≥ 1000 ml. Pairwise meta-analyses and network meta-analysis were performed to determine the relative effects and rankings of all available drugs and combinations thereof [ergometrine, misoprostol (Cytotec®; Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA), misoprostol plus oxytocin (Syntocinon®; Novartis International AG, Basel, Switzerland), carbetocin (Pabal®; Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Saint-Prex, Switzerland), ergometrine plus oxytocin (Syntometrine®; Alliance Pharma plc, Chippenham, UK), oxytocin, and a placebo or no treatment]. Primary outcomes were stratified according to the mode of birth, prior risk of PPH, health-care setting, drug dosage, regimen and route of drug administration. Sensitivity analyses were performed according to study quality and funding source, among others. A model-based economic evaluation compared the relative cost-effectiveness separately for vaginal births and caesareans with or without including side effects. RESULTS From 137 randomised trials and 87,466 women, ergometrine plus oxytocin, carbetocin and misoprostol plus oxytocin were found to reduce the risk of PPH blood loss of ≥ 500 ml compared with the standard drug, oxytocin [ergometrine plus oxytocin: risk ratio (RR) 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57 to 0.83; carbetocin: RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.00; misoprostol plus oxytocin: RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.6 to 0.9]. Each of these three strategies had 100% cumulative probability of being ranked first, second or third most effective. Oxytocin was ranked fourth, with an almost 0% cumulative probability of being ranked in the top three. Similar rankings were noted for the reduction of PPH blood loss of ≥ 1000 ml (ergometrine plus oxytocin: RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.95; carbetocin: RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.38 to 1.28; misoprostol plus oxytocin: RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.14), and most secondary outcomes. Ergometrine plus oxytocin and misoprostol plus oxytocin had the poorest ranking for side effects. Carbetocin had a favourable side-effect profile, which was similar to oxytocin. However, the analysis was restricted to high-quality studies, carbetocin lost its ranking and was comparable to oxytocin. The relative cost-effectiveness of the alternative strategies is inconclusive, and the results are affected by both the uncertainty and inconsistency in the data reported on adverse events. For vaginal delivery, when assuming no adverse events, ergometrine plus oxytocin is less costly and more effective than all strategies except carbetocin. The strategy of carbetocin is both more effective and more costly than all other strategies. When taking adverse events into consideration, all prevention strategies, except oxytocin, are more costly and less effective than carbetocin. For delivery by caesarean section, with and without adverse events, the relative cost-effectiveness is different, again because of the uncertainty in the available data. LIMITATIONS There was considerable uncertainty in findings within the planned subgroup analyses, and subgroup effects cannot be ruled out. CONCLUSIONS Ergometrine plus oxytocin, carbetocin and misoprostol plus oxytocin are more effective uterotonic drug strategies for preventing PPH than the current standard, oxytocin. Ergometrine plus oxytocin and misoprostol plus oxytocin cause significant side effects. Carbetocin has a favourable side-effect profile, which was similar to oxytocin. However, most carbetocin trials are small and of poor quality. There is a need for a large high-quality trial comparing carbetocin with oxytocin; such a trial is currently being conducted by the WHO. The relative cost-effectiveness is inconclusive, and results are affected by uncertainty and inconsistency in adverse events data. STUDY REGISTRATION This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42015020005; Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group (substudy) reference number 0871; PROSPERO-Cochrane (substudy) reference number CRD42015026568; and sponsor reference number ERN_13-1414 (University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK). FUNDING Funding for this study was provided by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme in a research award to the University of Birmingham and supported by the UK charity Ammalife (UK-registered charity 1120236). The funders of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data synthesis, interpretation or writing of the report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Gallos
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helen Williams
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Malcolm Price
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Karen Pickering
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Abi Merriel
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Aurelio Tobias
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David Lissauer
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Harry Gee
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Özge Tunçalp
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gillian Gyte
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Centre for Women's Health Research, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.,National Childbirth Trust, London, UK
| | - Vidhya Moorthy
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tracy Roberts
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonathan Deeks
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Justus Hofmeyr
- Effective Care Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand/Fort Hare, Eastern Cape Department of Health, East London, South Africa
| | - Metin Gülmezoglu
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arri Coomarasamy
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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15
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Estcourt CS, Howarth AR, Copas A, Low N, Mapp F, Woode Owusu M, Flowers P, Roberts T, Mercer CH, Wayal S, Symonds M, Nandwani R, Saunders J, Johnson AM, Pothoulaki M, Althaus C, Pickering K, McKinnon T, Brice S, Comer A, Tostevin A, Ogwulu CD, Vojt G, Cassell JA. Accelerated partner therapy (APT) partner notification for people with Chlamydia trachomatis: protocol for the Limiting Undetected Sexually Transmitted infections to RedUce Morbidity (LUSTRUM) APT cross-over cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034806. [PMID: 32229523 PMCID: PMC7170609 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Partner notification (PN) is a process aiming to identify, test and treat the sex partners of people (index patients) with sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Accelerated partner therapy (APT) is a PN method whereby healthcare professionals assess sex partners, by telephone consultation, before giving the index patient antibiotics and STI self-sampling kits to deliver to their sex partner(s). The Limiting Undetected Sexually Transmitted infections to RedUce Morbidity programme aims to determine the effectiveness of APT in heterosexual women and men with chlamydia and determine whether APT could affect Chlamydia trachomatis transmission at population level. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This protocol describes a cross-over cluster randomised controlled trial of APT, offered as an additional PN method, compared with standard PN. The trial is accompanied by an economic evaluation, transmission dynamic modelling and a qualitative process evaluation involving patients, partners and healthcare professionals. Clusters are 17 sexual health clinics in areas of England and Scotland with contrasting patient demographics. We will recruit 5440 heterosexual women and men with chlamydia, aged ≥16 years.The primary outcome is the proportion of index patients testing positive for C. trachomatis 12-16 weeks after the PN consultation. Secondary outcomes include: proportion of sex partners treated; cost effectiveness; model-predicted chlamydia prevalence; experiences of APT.The primary outcome analysis will be by intention-to-treat, fitting random effects logistic regression models that account for clustering of index patients within clinics and trial periods. The transmission dynamic model will be used to predict change in chlamydia prevalence following APT. The economic evaluation will use mathematical modelling outputs, taking a health service perspective. Qualitative data will be analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis and framework analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This protocol received ethical approval from London-Chelsea Research Ethics Committee (18/LO/0773). Findings will be published with open access licences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN15996256.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia S Estcourt
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Nicola Low
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fiona Mapp
- Institute for Global Health, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Paul Flowers
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tracy Roberts
- Health Economics Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Sonali Wayal
- Institute for Global Health, UCL, London, UK
- Development Media International CIC, London, Greater London, UK
| | - Merle Symonds
- Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, West Sussex, UK
| | | | - John Saunders
- Institute for Global Health, UCL, London, UK
- Public Health England, London, UK
| | | | - Maria Pothoulaki
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christian Althaus
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Karen Pickering
- Health Economics Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Susannah Brice
- All East Sexual Health, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Alex Comer
- All East Sexual Health, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Gabriele Vojt
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
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16
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Pickering K, Lapienyte L, Karim S, Strathdee D, Sansom O, Morton J. Abstract I26: Investigating the immune microenvironment in mouse models of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.panca19-i26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is predicted to become the second most common cause of cancer death in the Western world by ~2025. The focus of our research has been to better understand the disease and identify more effective and targeted therapies, in particular, using genetically engineered mouse models, which develop pancreatic tumors reminiscent of the human disease including development of a complex microenvironment. The pancreatic cancer microenvironment is characterized by significant infiltration of immune cells, but a distinct lack of T cells. Thus, immunotherapies have had little efficacy in PC despite promise in other cancers. Recent data have suggested that genomic instability and increased mutation burden may predict the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. To investigate this, we have generated a model of APOBEC mutagenesis in pancreatic cancer. The APOBEC family of cytidine deaminase enzymes, whose normal function is to protect from viral infections, have been revealed as drivers of mutation in a variety of human tumors, including pancreatic cancer. We have engineered mice to express Cre-inducible APOBEC3B and crossed these with the KPC genetically engineered mouse model of pancreatic cancer. We find that overexpressing APOBEC3B results in a poorer prognosis in these animals and some changes in the immune microenvironment. We are currently performing genomic and transcriptomic analyses to determine mutational burden and tumor subtype in an effort to identify therapeutic opportunities in patients bearing this signature. In contrast with T cells, recent studies have suggested that B cells may be tumor promoting in pancreatic cancer. However, clinical trials targeting B cells have been conducted recently and the results have been very disappointing. We have now generated an autochthonous model of B-cell depletion and find that B cells are not tumor promoting in this setting. We are now investigating the mechanisms behind this and the microenvironmental differences that are observed in spontaneous versus allograft models.
Citation Format: Karen Pickering, Laura Lapienyte, Saadia Karim, Douglas Strathdee, Owen Sansom, Jen Morton. Investigating the immune microenvironment in mouse models of pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2019 Sept 6-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(24 Suppl):Abstract nr I26.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Owen Sansom
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jen Morton
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Pickering K, Gallos ID, Williams H, Price MJ, Merriel A, Lissauer D, Tobias A, Hofmeyr GJ, Coomarasamy A, Roberts TE. Uterotonic Drugs for the Prevention of Postpartum Haemorrhage: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. Pharmacoecon Open 2019; 3:163-176. [PMID: 30506157 PMCID: PMC6533349 DOI: 10.1007/s41669-018-0108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to estimate the relative cost effectiveness for the full range of uterotonic drugs available for preventing postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). METHODS A model-based economic evaluation was constructed using effectiveness data from a network meta-analysis, and supplemented by the literature. A UK National Health Service (NHS) perspective was adopted for the analysis, which is based on UK costs from published sources. The primary outcome measure is cost per case of PPH avoided (≥ 500 mL blood loss), with secondary outcome measures of cost per case of severe PPH avoided (≥ 1000 mL) and cost per major outcome (surgery) averted also being analysed. RESULTS Carbetocin is shown to be the most effective strategy. Excluding adverse events, 'ergometrine plus oxytocin' was shown to be the least costly strategy. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for prevention of PPH with carbetocin compared with prevention with 'ergometrine plus oxytocin' was £1889 per case of PPH ≥ 500 mL avoided; £30,013 per case of PPH ≥ 1000 mL avoided; and £1,172,378 per major outcome averted. Including adverse events in the analysis showed oxytocin to be the least costly strategy. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for prevention of PPH with carbetocin compared with prevention with oxytocin was £928 per case of PPH ≥ 500 mL avoided; £22,900 per case of PPH ≥ 1000 mL avoided; and £894,514 per major outcome averted. CONCLUSION The results suggest carbetocin, oxytocin and 'ergometrine plus oxytocin' could all be favourable options for being the most cost-effective strategy for preventing PPH. Carbetocin could be the preferred choice, especially if the price of carbetocin decreased. Mixed findings mean a clear-cut conclusion cannot be made as to which uterotonic is the most cost effective. Future research should focus on collecting more robust evidence on the probability of having adverse events from the uterotonic drugs, and on adapting the model for low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Pickering
- Health Economics Unit, Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ioannis D Gallos
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helen Williams
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Malcolm J Price
- Biostatistics, Evidence Synthesis and Test Evaluation, Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Abi Merriel
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - David Lissauer
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Aurelio Tobias
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - G Justus Hofmeyr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Frere Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, University of Fort Hare, Eastern Cape Department of Health, East London, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Arri Coomarasamy
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tracy E Roberts
- Health Economics Unit, Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
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Besray Unal E, Kiel C, Benisty H, Campbell A, Pickering K, Blüthgen N, Sansom OJ, Serrano L. Systems level expression correlation of Ras GTPase regulators. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:46. [PMID: 30111366 PMCID: PMC6094892 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteins of the ubiquitously expressed core proteome are quantitatively correlated across multiple eukaryotic species. In addition, it was found that many protein paralogues exhibit expression anticorrelation, suggesting that the total level of protein with a given functionality must be kept constant. METHODS We performed Spearman's rank correlation analyses of gene expression levels for the RAS GTPase subfamily and their regulatory GEF and GAP proteins across tissues and across individuals for each tissue. A large set of published data for normal tissues from a wide range of species, human cancer tissues and human cell lines was analysed. RESULTS We show that although the multidomain regulatory proteins of Ras GTPases exhibit considerable tissue and individual gene expression variability, their total amounts are balanced in normal tissues. In a given tissue, the sum of activating (GEFs) and deactivating (GAPs) domains of Ras GTPases can vary considerably, but each person has balanced GEF and GAP levels. This balance is impaired in cell lines and in cancer tissues for some individuals. CONCLUSIONS Our results are relevant for critical considerations of knock out experiments, where functionally related homologs may compensate for the down regulation of a protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Besray Unal
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Integrative Research Institute Life Sciences, Humboldt Universität Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Kiel
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Systems Biology Programme. The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003 Spain
- Present address: Systems Biology Ireland & Charles Institute of Dermatology & School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Hannah Benisty
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Systems Biology Programme. The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003 Spain
| | - Andrew Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD UK
| | - Karen Pickering
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD UK
| | - Nils Blüthgen
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Integrative Research Institute Life Sciences, Humboldt Universität Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD UK
| | - Luis Serrano
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Systems Biology Programme. The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003 Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Pickering K, Monahan M, Guariglia A, Roberts TE. Time to tighten the belts? Exploring the relationship between savings and obesity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179921. [PMID: 28662132 PMCID: PMC5491068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature suggests that the higher the rate of time preference people have, the less likely they are to save for the future. Likewise, it has been hypothesised that rising rates of being overweight/obesity are associated with an increase in peoples' marginal rate of time preference. AIM To investigate the relationship between being overweight/ obese and the rate of time preference in an older English population, using savings as a proxy for time preference. METHODS Three different econometric methods-Random-effects Probit Estimation, Fixed-effects Estimation, and Generalised Method of Moments Estimation-were used to explore the link between being overweight/ obese and rate of time preference in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing dataset. Six waves of panel data spanning eleven years provided the data to test whether savings variables are related to being overweight/ obese. RESULTS The decision to save was shown to hold a statistically significant negative relationship with body mass index but only in the Generalised Method of Moments model. Placing savings in safe, low risk investments was significantly related to a lower probability of being obese but only in the random-effects Probit model. The proportion that people saved relative to their income was not found to be significantly associated with the probability of being overweight/ obese in any of the models. CONCLUSION There is an unclear relationship between saving behaviour and being overweight/ obese in an older English population. A financial variable such as savings is a potentially appropriate but imperfect proxy for the rate of time preference of the population. Further research is required to clarify the relationship in order to help develop strategies for obesity prevention. The inconsistency in the results between methods highlights the importance of using a wide range of alternative techniques before implementing important policy decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Pickering
- Health Economics Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Monahan
- Health Economics Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tracy E. Roberts
- Health Economics Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Diamantopoulou Z, White G, Fadlullah MZH, Dreger M, Pickering K, Maltas J, Ashton G, MacLeod R, Baillie GS, Kouskoff V, Lacaud G, Murray GI, Sansom OJ, Hurlstone AFL, Malliri A. TIAM1 Antagonizes TAZ/YAP Both in the Destruction Complex in the Cytoplasm and in the Nucleus to Inhibit Invasion of Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Cancer Cell 2017; 31:621-634.e6. [PMID: 28416184 PMCID: PMC5425402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant WNT signaling drives colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we identify TIAM1 as a critical antagonist of CRC progression through inhibiting TAZ and YAP, effectors of WNT signaling. We demonstrate that TIAM1 shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus antagonizing TAZ/YAP by distinct mechanisms in the two compartments. In the cytoplasm, TIAM1 localizes to the destruction complex and promotes TAZ degradation by enhancing its interaction with βTrCP. Nuclear TIAM1 suppresses TAZ/YAP interaction with TEADs, inhibiting expression of TAZ/YAP target genes implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell migration, and invasion, and consequently suppresses CRC cell migration and invasion. Importantly, high nuclear TIAM1 in clinical specimens associates with increased CRC patient survival. Together, our findings suggest that in CRC TIAM1 suppresses tumor progression by regulating YAP/TAZ activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Diamantopoulou
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Gavin White
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Muhammad Z H Fadlullah
- Stem Cell Haematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK; Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Marcel Dreger
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Karen Pickering
- Colorectal Cancer and Wnt Signalling, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Joe Maltas
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Garry Ashton
- Histology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Ruth MacLeod
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - George S Baillie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- Stem Cell Haematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Georges Lacaud
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Graeme I Murray
- Pathology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Colorectal Cancer and Wnt Signalling, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Adam F L Hurlstone
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Angeliki Malliri
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK.
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Pickering K, Alves-Silva J, Goberdhan D, Millard TH. Par3/Bazooka and phosphoinositides regulate actin protrusion formation during Drosophila dorsal closure and wound healing. Development 2013; 140:800-9. [PMID: 23318638 DOI: 10.1242/dev.089557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Effective wound closure mechanisms are essential for maintenance of epithelial structure and function. The repair of wounded epithelia is primarily driven by the cells bordering the wound, which become motile after wounding, forming dynamic actin protrusions along the wound edge. The molecular mechanisms that trigger wound edge cells to become motile following tissue damage are not well understood. Using wound healing and dorsal closure in Drosophila, we identify a direct molecular link between changes in cell-cell adhesion at epithelial edges and induction of actin protrusion formation. We find that the scaffolding protein Par3/Bazooka and the lipid phosphatase Pten are specifically lost from cell-cell junctions at epithelial edges. This results in a localized accumulation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), which promotes the formation of actin protrusions along the epithelial edge. Depleting PIP3 results in defective epithelial closure during both dorsal closure and wound healing. These data reveal a novel mechanism that directly couples loss of epithelial integrity to activation of epithelial closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Pickering
- The Healing Foundation Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Liu Q, Gamble G, Pickering K, Morton S, Dalbeth N. Prevalence and clinical factors associated with gout in patients with diabetes and prediabetes. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011; 51:757-9. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Growcott J, Brady G, Pickering K, Walker J, Lovick S, Chetty R, Kevill H, Prahladan M, Grimes E, Harrison E, Mefo T, Hodgson D. Abstract C130: Plucked human scalp hairs: Potential utility as a surrogate tissue for the assessment of therapies targeting the androgen receptor. Mol Cancer Ther 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-09-c130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: Evaluate whether plucked human scalp or eyebrow hairs obtained from male elderly healthy normal volunteers (HNVs) are suitable for assessing RNA expression patterns linked to the androgen receptor.
Procedure: For each of 12 HNV subjects plucked eyebrow and scalp hairs were obtained at 2 time points. For each time point up to three individual anagen hairs were selected for RNA extraction and representative cDNA amplification. For each sample RNA quality was assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis and cDNA quality assessed by qPCR analysis of 3 reference or “housekeeping” genes. Expression levels of a panel of 20 androgen receptor regulated genes were measured by qPCR for samples passing both RNA and cDNA quality criteria.
Results : Of the 72 scalp hairs analysed 64 (89 %) passed both RNA and cDNA quality criteria with 23 out of 24 (96%) sample collection points yielding 2 or more analysable hairs. This high success translated into available data for both time points in 11 out of 12 HNVs (92 %). In contrast, for the 72 eyebrow hairs analysed only 2 (3 %) passed RNA quality criteria with none of the collection points yielded 2 or more analysable hairs. Of the 20 test genes qPCR analysis identified a short list of 7 genes with expression levels similar to “housekeeping” genes indicating that they should be reliably detected in the majority of scalp hairs. These results are in keeping with a previous HNV study of younger male and female donors and indicate that plucked scalp hairs may be of value in the early phases of clinical development of androgen receptor based therapies.
Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):C130.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ged Brady
- 2 Epistem PLC, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jill Walker
- 1 AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, United Kingdom
| | | | - Raj Chetty
- 1 AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, United Kingdom
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Robinson T, Simmons D, Scott D, Howard E, Pickering K, Cutfield R, Baker J, Patel A, Wellingham J, Morton S. Ethnic differences in Type 2 diabetes care and outcomes in Auckland: a multiethnic community in New Zealand. N Z Med J 2006; 119:U1997. [PMID: 16751821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In New Zealand, Maori and Pacific (mostly of Samoan, Tongan, Niuean, or Cook Islands origin) people with Type 2 diabetes are more likely to suffer poor outcomes than other New Zealanders. Responsibility for addressing this outcome differential is falling on primary care and general practice in particular. This paper compares the general practice care provided to people with Type 2 diabetes in South and West Auckland, according to ethnicity. METHOD An external audit of general practice diabetes care is carried out in South and West Auckland by the Diabetes Care Support Service. The results of 5917 routine patient audits carried out in 2003 are included in this study. Number of visits, recording of important information, risk factors, and treatments are compared between different ethnic groups. RESULTS Maori and Pacific people with diabetes who attend a regular GP had a higher average number of consultations than Europeans (5.7, 5.4, and 4.8 visits per year respectively). They were as likely as Europeans to have undergone important regular examinations and investigations. Maori were more likely than Europeans to be on some treatments. However, Maori and Pacific people were more likely to have a range of adverse risk factors for diabetes complications than Europeans. These include being a smoker (35, 18, and 13% respectively), having an HbA1c greater than 8% (50, 56, 23%), and having microalbuminuria (55, 50, 27%). DISCUSSION Although there were no large differences in the process measures of general practice diabetes care provided to different ethnic groups in South and West Auckland, Maori and Pacific people were not achieving the same outcomes of care in terms of risk factors for diabetes complications. Many of these risk factors are influenced by other factors in the wider community; however the New Zealand health system needs to consider how it can better address these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Robinson
- Counties-Manukau District Health Board, Auckland.
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Abstract
A case of intravenous leiomyomatosis with massive ascites is reported. This is the first such recorded case. The patient was treated with a subtotal abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Pathological examination established a vessel wall origin. There is no evidence of recurrence up to 20 months after initial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Mullings
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of The West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
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Iheonunekwu NC, Ibrahim TM, Davies D, Pickering K. Thyrotoxic hypokalaemic paralysis in a pregnant Afro-Caribbean woman. A case report and review of the literature. W INDIAN MED J 2004; 53:47-9. [PMID: 15114895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the case of a 21-year-old Afro-Caribbean pregnant woman with hyperthyroidism and hypokalaemic quadriparesis and reviews the literature on the topic. Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is a very rare condition in the Caribbean. This case reminds West Indian physicians to consider this rare condition in any patient that presents with paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Iheonunekwu
- Peebles Hospital, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands, West Indies.
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Dunn J, Deater-Deckard K, Pickering K, O'Connor TG, Golding J. Children's Adjustment and Prosocial Behaviour in Step‐, Single‐parent, and Non‐stepfamily Settings: Findings from a Community Study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2003. [PMID: 9844979 DOI: 10.1111/1469-7610.00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Dunn
- Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
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Abstract
Spence speculates that Egypt's pyramid builders found true north by using a plumb line: when the stars Kochab and Mizar were seen on the same vertical, one was facing north. As evidence in support of this hypothesis, she points to the proposed interstar-line precession past the north celestial pole at a rate of 27' per century (cy). We argue that a mathematical error affects this result, which when corrected points more strongly to a different pair of stars. This suggests that the conventional ancient chronology, instead of being compressed, may actually have to be expanded slightly.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rawlins
- DIO, The International Journal of Scientific History, Box 19935, Baltimore, Maryland 21211-0935, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Children in stepfamilies and single-parent families exhibit elevated levels of behavioural and emotional problems compared with children in intact (biological) families, but there is variation within and across these family types. AIMS To examine the sources of variation in children's behavioural and emotional problems across diverse family settings. METHOD Levels of behavioural and emotional problems in children from diverse stepfamilies and single-parent families were compared with children living with both biological parents. Psychosocial risks were measured at the individual child and family levels. RESULTS Behavioural and emotional problems were elevated in children in stepmother/complex stepfamilies and single-parent families, but not in simple stepfather families, relative to 'biological' families. Psychopathology associated with family type was explained by compromised quality of the parent-child relationship, parental depression and socio-economic adversity. Sibling similarity in behavioural and emotional problems was most pronounced in high-risk family settings. CONCLUSIONS Family type is a proxy for exposure to psychosocial risks; the extent of family-wide influence on children's development may be strongest in high-stress settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G O'Connor
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.
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Dunn J, Deater-Deckard K, Pickering K, Golding J. Siblings, parents, and partners: family relationships within a longitudinal community study. ALSPAC study team. Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1999; 40:1025-37. [PMID: 10576533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Links between sibling relationships, mother-partner, and parent-child relationships were studied in a longitudinal community sample of 3681 sibling pairs. Individual differences in sibling relationship quality were related to mother-partner affection and hostility assessed 4 years earlier, to contemporary parent-child negativity, and to indices of social adversity. Evidence for both direct and indirect pathways (via parent-child relations) linking mother-partner and sibling relations were found. Comparisons of prediction for non-stepfamilies and stepfather families showed similarities in patterns of association, but also differences: In stepfather families, mother-partner hostility was unrelated to parent-child negativity and sibling relationship quality. Both positivity and negativity towards young siblings decreased with the age of older siblings, and older sisters were more positive than older brothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dunn
- Institute of Psychiatry, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, London, UK.
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Pickles A, Pickering K, Simonoff E, Silberg J, Meyer J, Maes H. Genetic "clocks" and "soft" events: a twin model for pubertal development and other recalled sequences of developmental milestones, transitions, or ages at onset. Behav Genet 1998; 28:243-53. [PMID: 9803017 DOI: 10.1023/a:1021615228995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We propose and explore a twin model to examine the basis for synchrony that often characterizes different facets of normal development. In so doing we also present an approach to the analysis of "soft" events; events for which available reports of dates or ages of occurrence are unreliable or inconsistent. Discrepancies among reports are accounted for by a statistical measurement model. This combines current status error reflecting uncertain definition of onset and two mechanisms for the phenomenon of "telescoping," namely, systematic compression of the time scale and heteroscedastic random measurement error. Statistically, the model can be viewed as a mixed generalized linear model with random effects within both mean and variance functions or, alternatively, as involving multiplicative random effects. We apply the model to multiple maternal reports on menarche and onset of breast development in twin daughters. Fitted to data from the Virginia Twin Study Of Adolescent and Behavioral Development by the use of penalized/predictive quasi-likelihood, the model provided much improved estimates of the true age-at-onset distribution as compared to those from a naive analysis. Results suggested that the observed variance was made up almost entirely of genetic variance and measurement error variance due to telescoping and current status errors and that the timing of breast development and menarche are largely under the control of a common set of genes. Results also indicated that maternal recollections of the onset of breast development were both more poorly defined and subject to greater recall errors than maternal recollections of menarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pickles
- MRC Child Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
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Deater-Deckard K, Pickering K, Dunn JF, Golding J. Family structure and depressive symptoms in men preceding and following the birth of a child. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood Study Team. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155:818-23. [PMID: 9619156 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.155.6.818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence and etiology of pre- and postpartum depressive symptoms in women in a variety of family forms have been well documented, but relatively little research has been conducted on the adjustment of their male partners. The authors' goals in this study were 1) to estimate rates of depression during the pregnancy and 8 weeks following the birth of a child in a large representative community sample of fathers in different family structures and 2) to explore the role of stressful life events, social and emotional support, the quality of the partner relationship, and socioeconomic circumstances. METHOD This study describes the relations of family setting and other correlates to men's depressive symptoms during the pregnancies (18 weeks gestation, on average) and 8 weeks after the births of children for 7,018 partners of female participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood. RESULTS Men living in stepfamilies had-significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms before and after the birth than did men in more traditional families. The effect of stepfamily status on depression was mediated by education, life events, social support, social network, and level of aggression in the partnership. CONCLUSIONS There are similarities in the patterns and correlates of depression after the birth of a child for men and women. These findings point to the importance of family and partnership ecology in the adjustment of men before and after the birth of a child.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Deater-Deckard
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London
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Stenchikov G, Dickerson R, Pickering K, Ellis W, Doddridge B, Kondragunta S, Poulida O, Scala J, Tao WK. Stratosphere-troposphere exchange in a midlatitude mesoscale convective complex: 2. Numerical simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Stevenson A, Pickering K, Griffin M. Detection of chicken meat in raw meat mixtures by the double method of an enzyme immunoassay and an immunoblotting technique. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/09540109409354841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Swank A, Pickering K, Fell R. 280 EFFECT OF SMOKING CESSATION ON ACUTE RESPONSE OF HDL-C, INSULIN AND CATECHOLAMINES TO EXERCISE. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199004000-00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Stone D, Zacarian SA, Pickering K. Possibility of in vitro alterations in cultures of mammary carcinoma cells, and altered immunological response in the rat: acquired capacity to reject injections of mammary carcinoma cells and implants of mammary carcinoma. Br J Cancer 1972; 26:315-20. [PMID: 4672286 PMCID: PMC2008642 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1972.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cultures derived from a mammary adenocarcinoma carried in inbred Fisher (CDF) strain female rats, have been shown to possess oncogenic activities and on injection into control rats to produce mammary carcinomata with a failure rate of only one out of 25 rats (i.e. 4%). Efforts have been made to alter the cultured cells, or to select populations from them, so that the response in rats to their antigenic characteristics might leave them with the ability to then reject injections of the active, untreated cancer cells. We have found that continuous treatment of the cultures by their own cell debris (sonicate), or by relatively high concentrations of intact, salmon-sperm DNA, lead to cell populations which have a decreased potential to produce mammary carcinomata, with a combined failure rate of 9 out of 12 rats (i.e. 75%): 5 out of these 12 rats (i.e. 41·7%) did not exhibit any growth (carcinomata or granulomata) after injection of these treated cells, and now all 5 (i.e. 100%) have the capacity to reject injections of the untreated, active cancer cells. Four of these rats (one died under anaesthesia) have now been found to also reject implants of the carcinoma itself.
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Stone D, Pickering K, Bernard A. Changes in life cycle characteristics of mammalian cells grown in monolayer culture. Curr Mod Biol 1967; 1:165-9. [PMID: 6060171 DOI: 10.1016/0303-2647(67)90048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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