1
|
Intergenerational Transmission of Obesity from Mothers to Their Offspring: Trends and Associated Factors Derived from the Malaysian National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112186. [PMID: 35683986 PMCID: PMC9182489 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Along with the increasing overweight and obesity trends among adults and children globally, numerous studies have suggested a strong association between maternal overweight and obesity among their offspring. We sought to report the prevalence and associated factors of intergenerational overweight and obesity among mother–child pairs in Malaysia from 2006 to 2015. Data were analysed from three waves of the Malaysian National Health and Morbidity Survey, a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in 2006, 2011 and 2015. A mother and the youngest child from each household formed ‘mother–child pairs’ and were grouped according to their body mass index categories. A multivariable logistic regression model was performed to determine the factors associated with overweight mother/overweight child pairs (OWM/OWC), with normal weight mother/normal weight child pairs (NWM/NWC) as the reference group. The prevalence of OWM/OWC increased from 15.3% to 21.7%, while the prevalence of NWM/NWC decreased from 28.4% to 23.8% between 2006 and 2015. Older maternal age and having primary and secondary education levels were positively associated with OWM/OWC. Conversely, older child age, Chinese ethnicity, large household size and low-income households were inversely associated with OWM/OWC. In conclusion, intergenerational weight gain is a worrisome trend in Malaysia. These findings may help in guiding priority setting for obesity prevention strategies in Malaysia.
Collapse
|
2
|
Ismail NW, Sivadas S, Said R, Rahman AA. Urban child health: does parent characteristics matter? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC POLICY STUDIES 2021; 15:349-365. [DOI: 10.1007/s42495-021-00062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
3
|
Partap U, Young EH, Allotey P, Soyiri IN, Jahan N, Komahan K, Devarajan N, Sandhu MS, Reidpath DD. HDSS Profile: The South East Asia Community Observatory Health and Demographic Surveillance System (SEACO HDSS). Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46:1370-1371g. [PMID: 29024948 PMCID: PMC5837190 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Uttara Partap
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Elizabeth H Young
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Pascale Allotey
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- South East Asia Community Observatory, Segamat, Malaysia
| | - Ireneous N Soyiri
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- South East Asia Community Observatory, Segamat, Malaysia
- Centre of Medical Informatics, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nowrozy Jahan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- South East Asia Community Observatory, Segamat, Malaysia
| | - Kridaraan Komahan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- South East Asia Community Observatory, Segamat, Malaysia
| | - Nirmala Devarajan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- South East Asia Community Observatory, Segamat, Malaysia
| | - Manjinder S Sandhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Daniel D Reidpath
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- South East Asia Community Observatory, Segamat, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Norbu W, Wangdi U, Dorji D, Arthan D, Soonthornworasiri N, Maneekan P, Thongthien P, Viravathana N, Prangthip P. Obesity prevalence and contributing factors among adolescents in secondary schools in Pemagatshel district, Bhutan. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2017; 31:ijamh-2016-0143. [PMID: 28525348 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2016-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background The prevalence of obesity has increased globally, with childhood and adolescent obesity being more common in developed countries. There has been no study on teenage obesity in Bhutan. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of obesity in Bhutan for the first time in order to provide a baseline for future researchers. Methods The investigation, which included 392 adolescents, aimed to identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity and its contributing factors. Anthropometric measurements, food recall and knowledge, attitude, behaviour and environment questionnaires were administered. The body mass index (BMI) cut-off points for adolescents matched with those of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity among the participants were 7.1% and 1.5%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity was 1.0% in females and 0.5% in males (p < 0.001). There were significant (p < 0.001) correlations between BMI and other variables; however, Pearson's χ2 test uncovered no significant associations. BMI also had no significant associations with attitude, behaviour, environment and distance travelled to school. Food recall results revealed the following findings for average food consumption: total energy intake, 3522.6 kcal; fat, 47.6 g; carbohydrate, 690.2 g; protein, 90.5 g; fibre, 20.3 g; and sodium, 12.5 g. Conclusion The results of this study clarified the prevalence of obesity among adolescents in Bhutan, who require appropriate strategies for combating overweight and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Norbu
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | | | - Dumrongkiet Arthan
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Ngamphol Soonthornworasiri
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pannamas Maneekan
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pimpimon Thongthien
- Office of Basic Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10303, Thailand
| | | | - Pattaneeya Prangthip
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Phone: +66 2 354 9100, Fax: +66 2 644 7934
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pell C, Allotey P, Evans N, Hardon A, Imelda JD, Soyiri I, Reidpath DD. Coming of age, becoming obese: a cross-sectional analysis of obesity among adolescents and young adults in Malaysia. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1082. [PMID: 27737680 PMCID: PMC5064972 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaysians have become increasingly obese over recent years. The transition from adolescence to early adulthood is recognized as critical for the development of eating and activity habits. However, little obesity-related research focuses on this life stage. Drawing on data from a health and demographic surveillance site in Malaysia, this article describes obesity and overweight amongst adolescents and young adults in a multi-ethnic population. METHODS Data were collected at the South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO) in Segamat District, Johor. In this dynamic cohort of approximately 40,000 people, 5,475 were aged 16-35 in 2013-2014. The population consists of Malay, Chinese, Indian and Indigenous (Orang Asli) families in proportions that reflect the national ethnic diversity. Data were collected through health profiles (Body Mass Index [BMI] measurements in homes) and self-report questionnaires. RESULTS Age and ethnicity were associated with overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9Kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30Kg/m2). The prevalence of overweight was 12.8 % at ages 16-20 and 28.4 % at ages 31-35; obesity was 7.9 % and 20.9 % at the same age groups. The main ethnic groups also showed varied patterns of obesity and overweight at the different age groups with Chinese at lowest and Orang Asli at highest risk. Level of education, employment status, physical activity and frequency of eating out were poorly predictive of overweight and obesity. CONCLUSION The pattern of overweight and obesity in the 16-35 age group further highlights this as a significant period for changes in health-related behaviours. Further longitudinal research is however needed to confirm the observed pattern and investigate causal factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Pell
- Centre for Social Science and Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascale Allotey
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), 6th Floor, Wisma Centrepoint, Jalan Sia Her Yam, 85000 Segamat, Johor Malaysia
- Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Natalie Evans
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Hardon
- Centre for Social Science and Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna D. Imelda
- Department of Social Welfare, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Indonesia Puri Depok Mas Blok P-39, Depok, 16436 West Java Indonesia
| | - Ireneous Soyiri
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), 6th Floor, Wisma Centrepoint, Jalan Sia Her Yam, 85000 Segamat, Johor Malaysia
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG Scotland
| | - Daniel D. Reidpath
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), 6th Floor, Wisma Centrepoint, Jalan Sia Her Yam, 85000 Segamat, Johor Malaysia
- Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - The SEACO Team
- Centre for Social Science and Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), 6th Floor, Wisma Centrepoint, Jalan Sia Her Yam, 85000 Segamat, Johor Malaysia
- Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Social Welfare, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Indonesia Puri Depok Mas Blok P-39, Depok, 16436 West Java Indonesia
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fournier T, Tibère L, Laporte C, Mognard E, Ismail MN, Sharif SP, Poulain JP. Eating patterns and prevalence of obesity. Lessons learned from the Malaysian Food Barometer. Appetite 2016; 107:362-371. [PMID: 27521166 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The Malaysian society is experiencing and coping with a fast modernization process, which is characterized by a rapid urbanization and rural exodus, an important reduction of the size of households, and the emergence of a new middle class. The Malaysian Food Barometer launched in 2013 has provided better understanding how these macro issues have affected the lifestyles and especially the food habits of the Malaysians. The country has indeed undergone a transition period from under-nutrition to over-nutrition in a few decades, with the prevalence of overweight and obesity having markedly and rapidly increased. A quantitative survey (n = 2000), elaborated from a qualitative preliminary phase, was carried out with the aim of analyzing the transformation of food habits at the national level. The present article focuses on the BMI issue in Malaysia, and investigates its relationships with the socio-demographic variables of the population, as well as their eating patterns. The mean BMI is 23.64 kg/m2, with 9.5% of the sample being obese, and 22% overweight. Strong statistical associations have been identified between BMI and independent variables such as size of the living area, ethnicity, level of education, gender, and age. Contrary to general believe, overweight and obesity were neither associated with the number of food intakes taken per day (including snacks) nor with the frequency of eating out. Nonetheless, obesity is over-represented in people who have dissonant eating behaviors, i.e. who declare having fewer food intakes a day (food norms) than they do actually (food practices). This process testifies that the Malaysians are experiencing a "food transition", which is linked with socio-economic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - L Tibère
- University of Toulouse II, CERTOP-CNRS, Toulouse, France; Taylor's Toulouse University Centre, Chair of Food Studies: Food, Cultures and Health, Taylor's University, Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C Laporte
- University of Toulouse II, CERTOP-CNRS, Toulouse, France; Taylor's Toulouse University Centre, Chair of Food Studies: Food, Cultures and Health, Taylor's University, Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - E Mognard
- University of Toulouse II, CERTOP-CNRS, Toulouse, France; Taylor's University, School of Hospitality, Tourism and Culinary Arts, Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia; Taylor's Toulouse University Centre, Chair of Food Studies: Food, Cultures and Health, Taylor's University, Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M N Ismail
- Taylor's University, School of Hospitality, Tourism and Culinary Arts, Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S P Sharif
- Taylor's University, Business School, Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J-P Poulain
- University of Toulouse II, CERTOP-CNRS, Toulouse, France; Taylor's Toulouse University Centre, Chair of Food Studies: Food, Cultures and Health, Taylor's University, Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fokter SK, Rudolf R, Moličnik A. Titanium alloy femoral neck fracture--clinical and metallurgical analysis in 6 cases. Acta Orthop 2015; 87:197-202. [PMID: 25936399 PMCID: PMC4812085 DOI: 10.3109/17453674.2015.1047289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samo K Fokter
- a 1 Department of Orthopaedics, University Clinical Centre , Maribor
| | - Rebeka Rudolf
- b 2 University of Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , Maribor
- c 3 Zlatarna Celje d.d. , Celje, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Moličnik
- a 1 Department of Orthopaedics, University Clinical Centre , Maribor
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schwallier R, de Boer HJ, Visser N, van Vugt RR, Gravendeel B. Traps as treats: a traditional sticky rice snack persisting in rapidly changing Asian kitchens. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2015; 11:24. [PMID: 25889115 PMCID: PMC4374397 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-015-0010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An accessory to modern developing economies includes a shift from traditional, laborious lifestyles and cuisine to more sedentary careers, recreation and convenience-based foodstuffs. Similar changes in the developed western world have led to harmful health consequences. Minimization of this effect in current transitional cultures could be met by placing value on the maintenance of heritage-rich food. Vitally important to this is the preservation and dissemination of knowledge of these traditional foods. Here, we investigate the history and functionality of a traditional rice snack cooked in Nepenthes pitchers, one of the most iconic and recognizable plants in the rapidly growing economic environment of Southeast Asia. METHODS Social media was combined with traditional ethnobotanical surveys to conduct investigations throughout Malaysian Borneo. Interviews were conducted with 25 market customers, vendors and participants from various ethnical groups with an in-depth knowledge of glutinous rice cooked in pitcher plants. The acidity of pitcher fluid was measured during experimental cooking to analyze possible chemical avenues that might contribute to rice stickiness. RESULTS Participants identifying the snack were almost all (96%) from indigenous Bidayuh or Kadazandusun tribal decent. They prepare glutinous rice inside pitcher traps for tradition, vessel functionality and because they thought it added fragrance and taste to the rice. The pH and chemical activity of traps analyzed suggest there is no corresponding effect on rice consistency. Harvest of pitchers does not appear to decrease the number of plants in local populations. CONCLUSIONS The tradition of cooking glutinous rice snacks in pitcher plants, or peruik kera in Malay, likely carries from a time when cooking vessels were more limited, and persists only faintly in tribal culture today because of value placed on maintaining cultural heritage. Social media proved a valuable tool in our research for locating research areas and in interviewing respondents, and we endorse its further use in ethnobotanical investigations. Our gathered data urges for the preservation of sustainable, tribal plant use for the prosperity of both health and culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Schwallier
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333, CR, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Hugo J de Boer
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333, CR, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden.
- The Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172, NO-0318, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Natasja Visser
- University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Zernikedreef 11, 2300, AJ, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Rogier R van Vugt
- Hortus botanicus of Leiden University, Rapenburg 73, 2311, GJ, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Barbara Gravendeel
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333, CR, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Zernikedreef 11, 2300, AJ, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Institute Biology Leiden, Plant Ecology x Phytochemistry Group, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333, CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Urban environments and obesity in southeast Asia: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113547. [PMID: 25426942 PMCID: PMC4245122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Many environmental factors contribute to the rise in prevalence of obesity in populations but one key driver is urbanization. Countries in Southeast (SE) Asia have undergone rapid changes in urbanization in recent decades. The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review of studies exploring the relationship between living in an urban or rural environment (urbanicity) and obesity in Southeast Asia. In particular, the review will investigate whether the associations are uniform across countries and ages, and by sex. The literature search was conducted up to June 2014 using five databases: EMBASE, PubMed, GlobalHealth, DigitalJournal and Open Grey. Forty-five articles representing eight of the eleven countries in SE Asia were included in the review. The review found a consistent positive association between urbanicity and obesity in countries of Southeast Asia, in all age groups and both genders. Regional differences between the associations are partly explained by gross national income (GNI). In countries with lower GNI per capita, the association between urbanicity and obesity was greater. Such findings have implications for policy makers. They imply that population level interventions need to be country or region specific, tailored to suit the current stage of economic development. In addition, less developed countries might be more vulnerable to the negative health impact of urbanization than more developed countries.
Collapse
|
10
|
Jahan N, Allotey P, Arunachalam D, Yasin S, Soyiri IN, Davey TM, Reidpath DD. The rural bite in population pyramids: what are the implications for responsiveness of health systems in middle income countries? BMC Public Health 2014; 14 Suppl 2:S8. [PMID: 25081203 PMCID: PMC4120159 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-s2-s8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health services can only be responsive if they are designed to service the needs of the population at hand. In many low and middle income countries, the rate of urbanisation can leave the profile of the rural population quite different from the urban population. As a consequence, the kinds of services required for an urban population may be quite different from that required for a rural population. This is examined using data from the South East Asia Community Observatory in rural Malaysia and contrasting it with the national Malaysia population profile. Methods Census data were collected from 10,373 household and the sex and age of household members was recorded. Approximate Malaysian national age and sex profiles were downloaded from the US Census Bureau. The population pyramids, and the dependency and support ratios for the whole population and the SEACO sub-district population are compared. Results Based on the population profiles and the dependency ratios, the rural sub-district shows need for health services in the under 14 age group similar to that required nationally. In the older age group, however, the rural sub-district shows twice the need for services as the national data indicate. Conclusion The health services needs of an older population will tend towards chronic conditions, rather than the typically acute conditions of childhood. The relatively greater number of older people in the rural population suggest a very different health services mix need. Community based population monitoring provides critical information to inform health systems.
Collapse
|
11
|
NCDs in low and middle-income countries - assessing the capacity of health systems to respond to population needs. BMC Public Health 2014; 14 Suppl 2:S1. [PMID: 25082328 PMCID: PMC4120152 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-s2-s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|