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Bertuccio MP, Saija C, Acri G, Ientile R, Caccamo D, Currò M. Sulforaphane Effects on Neuronal-like Cells and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Exposed to 2.45 GHz Electromagnetic Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7872. [PMID: 39063113 PMCID: PMC11276899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to 2.45 GHz electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted from commonly used devices has been reported to induce oxidative stress in several experimental models. Our study aims to evaluate the efficacy of sulforaphane, a well-known natural product, in preventing radiation-induced toxic effects caused by a 24 h exposure of SH-SY5Y neuronal-like cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to 2.45 GHz EMR. Cells were exposed to radiation for 24 h in the presence or absence of sulforaphane at different concentrations (5-10-25 µg/mL). Cell viability, mitochondrial activity alterations, the transcription and protein levels of redox markers, and apoptosis-related genes were investigated. Our data showed a reduction in cell viability of both neuronal-like cells and PBMCs caused by EMR exposure and a protective effect of 5 µg/mL sulforaphane. The lowest sulforaphane concentration decreased ROS production and increased the Mitochondrial Transmembrane Potential (Δψm) and the NAD+/NADH ratio, which were altered by radiation exposure. Sulforaphane at higher concentrations displayed harmful effects. The hormetic behavior of sulforaphane was also evident after evaluating the expression of genes coding for Nrf2, SOD2, and changes in apoptosis markers. Our study underlined the vulnerability of neuronal-like cells to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress and the possibility of mitigating these effects by supplementation with sulforaphane. To our knowledge, there are no previous studies about the effects of SFN on these cells when exposed to 2.45 GHz electromagnetic radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paola Bertuccio
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (G.A.); (R.I.); (M.C.)
| | | | | | | | - Daniela Caccamo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (G.A.); (R.I.); (M.C.)
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Di X, Pei Z, Pei Y, James TD. Tumor microenvironment-oriented MOFs for chemodynamic therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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3
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Wang F, Huang X, Sun Y, Li Z, Sun R, Zhao T, Wang M, Yan C, Liu P. Sulforaphane regulates the proliferation of leukemia stem-like cells via Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 919:174824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Napoli E, Flores A, Mansuri Y, Hagerman RJ, Giulivi C. Sulforaphane improves mitochondrial metabolism in fibroblasts from patients with fragile X-associated tremor and ataxia syndrome. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 157:105427. [PMID: 34153466 PMCID: PMC8475276 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CGG expansions between 55 and 200 in the 5'-untranslated region of the fragile-X mental retardation gene (FMR1) increase the risk of developing the late-onset debilitating neuromuscular disease Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS). While the science behind this mutation, as a paradigm for RNA-mediated nucleotide triplet repeat expansion diseases, has progressed rapidly, no treatment has proven effective at delaying the onset or decreasing morbidity, especially at later stages of the disease. Here, we demonstrated the beneficial effect of the phytochemical sulforaphane (SFN), exerted through NRF2-dependent and independent manner, on pathways relevant to brain function, bioenergetics, unfolded protein response, proteosome, antioxidant defenses, and iron metabolism in fibroblasts from FXTAS-affected subjects at all disease stages. This study paves the way for future clinical studies with SFN in the treatment of FXTAS, substantiated by the established use of this agent in clinical trials of diseases with NRF2 dysregulation and in which age is the leading risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Amanda Flores
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616;,Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Yasmeen Mansuri
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Randi J. Hagerman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA;,Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (M.I.N.D.) Institute, University of California Davis, CA 95817
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America; Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (M.I.N.D.) Institute, University of California Davis, CA 95817, USA.
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Baralić K, Živančević K, Jorgovanović D, Javorac D, Antonijević E, Buha Djordjevic A, Ćurčić M, Bulat Z, Antonijević B, Đukić-Ćosić D. Protective role of sulforaphane against phthalate and bisphenol A mixture linked hepatocellular carcinoma: in silico toxicogenomic datamining. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2020. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2020.66.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Baralić
- Department of Toxicology ,,Akademik Danilo Soldatović“, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Živančević
- Department of Toxicology ,,Akademik Danilo Soldatović“, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragica Jorgovanović
- Department of Toxicology ,,Akademik Danilo Soldatović“, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Javorac
- Department of Toxicology ,,Akademik Danilo Soldatović“, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Evica Antonijević
- Department of Toxicology ,,Akademik Danilo Soldatović“, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology ,,Akademik Danilo Soldatović“, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Ćurčić
- Department of Toxicology ,,Akademik Danilo Soldatović“, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology ,,Akademik Danilo Soldatović“, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Antonijević
- Department of Toxicology ,,Akademik Danilo Soldatović“, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Đukić-Ćosić
- Department of Toxicology ,,Akademik Danilo Soldatović“, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Briones-Herrera A, Ramírez-Camacho I, Zazueta C, Tapia E, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Altered proximal tubule fatty acid utilization, mitophagy, fission and supercomplexes arrangement in experimental Fanconi syndrome are ameliorated by sulforaphane-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 153:54-70. [PMID: 32315768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The kidney proximal tubule function relies on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), thus mitochondrial dysfunction is characteristic of acute kidney injury (AKI). Maleic acid (MA) can induce an experimental model of Fanconi syndrome that is associated to oxidative stress and decreased oxygen consumption. Sulforaphane (SF) is an antioxidant known to protect against MA-induced AKI. The molecular basis by which SF maintains the bioenergetics in MA-induced AKI is not fully understood. To achieve it, rats were submitted to a protective scheme: SF (1 mg/kg/day i.p.) for four days and, at the fourth day, they received a single dose of MA (400 mg/kg i.p.), getting four main experimental groups: (1) control (CT), (2) MA-nephropathy (MA), (3) SF-protected and (4) SF-control (SF). Additionally, a similar protective schema was tested in cultured NRK-52E cells with different concentrations of SF and MA. In the animal model, SF prevented the MA-induced alterations: decrease in fatty acid-related oxygen consumption rate, OXPHOS capacity, mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψmt), and the activity of complex I (CI) as its monomeric and supercomplexes forms; the antioxidant also increased the activity of cytochrome c oxidase as well as mitochondrial biogenesis markers. Thus, SF prevented the MA-induced increase in fission, mitophagy and autophagy markers. In NRK-52E cells, we found that SF prevented the MA-induced cell death, increased mitochondrial mass and ameliorated the loss of Ψmt. We concluded that SF-induced biogenesis protects against mitochondrial dysfunction maintaining Ψmt, activities of mitochondrial complexes and supercomplexes, and prevents the extensive fission and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Briones-Herrera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Ixchel Ramírez-Camacho
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Zazueta
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
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Huang J, Yao X, Weng G, Qi H, Ye X. Protective effect of curcumin against cyclosporine A‑induced rat nephrotoxicity. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6038-6044. [PMID: 29436671 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the potential value of curcumin, a natural product, in the protection of CsA‑induced nephrotoxicity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of curcumin on Cyclosporine A (CsA)‑induced renal oxidative stress and determine the potential underlying molecular mechanisms of the renal protective effects of Cur. HK‑2 human renal cells were co‑treated with CsA and various doses of Cur. Cell survival rate was determined by an MTT assay, total cellular protein was collected and oxidative stress in cell homogenates was evaluated by determining the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‑Px) and catalase (CAT), the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and total antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, Bcl‑2 and Bcl‑2‑associated X (Bax) protein expression was measured by western blot analysis. In addition, a CsA‑induced nephrotoxicity (CAN) rat model was also established. Renal function was analyzed by measuring creatinine (Crea) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in the serum of rats, and histopathological examination was performed on renal tissues using hematoxylin and eosin staining, periodic acid‑Schiff staining and nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) immunostaining. The results demonstrated that treatment of HK‑2 cells with CsA significantly increased ROS and MDA levels, and decreased the activities of SOD, GSH‑Px and CAT, compared with the control group. However, these effects of CsA were dose‑dependently improved by treatment with Cur. In addition, Cur treatment increased Bcl‑2 and decreased Bax protein in HK‑2 cells, compared with cells treated with CsA alone. In the CAN rat model CsA (30 mg/kg) treatment significantly elevated serum Crea levels and BUN, but lowered endogenous Crea clearance rate, compared with the control group. Co‑administration of Cur with CsA significantly reversed the effects of CsA on serum Crea levels, BUN and Crea clearance rate (Ccr). Additionally, Cur alleviated CsA‑induced renal cell injury, as less vacuolar degeneration of glomerular cells was observed compared with the CsA alone group. In conclusion, Cur may increase renal antioxidant capacity and reduce the Bax/Bcl‑2 ratio, subsequently improving CsA‑induced renal failure and renal tubular deformation and cell vacuolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Huang
- Department of Urology, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, P.R. China
| | - Xuping Yao
- Department of Urology, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, P.R. China
| | - Guobin Weng
- Department of Urology, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, P.R. China
| | - Honggang Qi
- Department of Urology, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Ye
- Ningbo Institute of Medical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, P.R. China
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Ji X, Li Y, He J, Shah W, Xue X, Feng G, Zhang H, Gao M. Depletion of mitochondrial enzyme system in liver, lung, brain, stomach and kidney induced by benzo(a)pyrene. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 43:83-93. [PMID: 26970059 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has recently received considerable attention as it plays an important role in adult human pathology caused by various drugs, endogenous agents and environmental agents. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant mainly derived from anthropogenic activity during incomplete combustion of organic materials from various sources. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) on mitochondrial enzymes in the multiple organs including liver, lung, brain, stomach and kidney. ICR mice were exposed to different doses of BaP (2.5, 5 and 10mg/kg body weight) through oral gavage and intraperitoneal injection treatment for 13 weeks consecutively. The induced mitochondrial damage in the examined organs was assayed in terms of significant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and prominent decrease in antioxidant enzymes. Non enzymatic antioxidants and Krebs cycle's enzymes were also significantly decreased in mitochondria. Additionally, BaP induced the body growth retardation and decrease in relative liver weight, increase in relative lung, stomach, kidney and brain weights, and this was further certified through histopathological lesions. Liver and lungs were more prominently damaged by BaP. The mitochondrial depletion increased in BaP dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Ji
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, China
| | - Yongfei Li
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jianlong He
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Walayat Shah
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Xiaochang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Guodong Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changle West Road, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Huqin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Meili Gao
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, China.
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9
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Sulforaphane rescues memory dysfunction and synaptic and mitochondrial alterations induced by brain iron accumulation. Neuroscience 2015; 301:542-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Isothiocyanates: a class of bioactive metabolites with chemopreventive potential. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4005-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Noh JR, Kim YH, Hwang JH, Choi DH, Kim KS, Oh WK, Lee CH. Sulforaphane protects against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 80:193-200. [PMID: 25818464 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is closely associated with acetaminophen (APAP)-induced toxicity. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an antioxidant defense enzyme, has been shown to protect against oxidant-induced tissue injury. This study investigated whether sulforaphane (SFN), as a HO-1 inducer, plays a protective role against APAP hepatotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Pretreatment of primary hepatocyte with SFN induced nuclear factor E2-factor related factor (Nrf2) target gene expression, especially HO-1 mRNA and protein expression, and suppressed APAP-induced glutathione (GSH) depletion and lipid peroxidation, which eventually leads to hepatocyte cell death. A comparable effect was observed in mice treated with APAP. Mice were treated with 300 mg/kg APAP 30 min after SFN (5 mg/kg) administration and were then sacrificed after 6 h. APAP alone caused severe liver injuries as characterized by increased plasma AST and ALT levels, GSH depletion, apoptosis, and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) formations. This APAP-induced liver damage was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with SFN. Furthermore, while hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were increased by APAP exposure, pretreatment with SFN completely blocked ROS formation. These results suggest that SFN plays a protective role against APAP-mediated hepatotoxicity through antioxidant effects mediated by HO-1 induction. SFN has preventive action in oxidative stress-mediated liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ran Noh
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Hwang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Choi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Shim Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
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Kasala ER, Bodduluru LN, Barua CC, Sriram CS, Gogoi R. Benzo(a)pyrene induced lung cancer: Role of dietary phytochemicals in chemoprevention. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:996-1009. [PMID: 26398396 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the major cause of overall cancer deaths, and chemoprevention is a promising strategy to control this disease. Benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P], a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is one among the principal constituents of tobacco smoke that plays a key role in lung carcinogenesis. The B(a)P induced lung cancer in mice offers a relevant model to study the effect of natural products and has been widely used by many researchers and found considerable success in ameliorating the pathophysiological changes of lung cancer. Currently available synthetic drugs that constitute the pharmacological armamentarium are themselves effective in managing the condition but not without setbacks. These hunches have accelerated the requisite for natural products, which may be used as dietary supplement to prevent the progress of lung cancer. Besides, these agents also supplement the conventional treatment and offer better management of the condition with less side effects. In the context of soaring interest toward dietary phytochemicals as newer pharmacological interventions for lung cancer, in the present review, we are attempting to give a silhouette of mechanisms of B(a)P induced lung carcinogenesis and the role of dietary phytochemicals in chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshvendar Reddy Kasala
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | - Lakshmi Narendra Bodduluru
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Chandana C Barua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Chandra Shekhar Sriram
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ranadeep Gogoi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
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Ryoo IG, Ha H, Kwak MK. Inhibitory role of the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway in TGFβ1-stimulated renal epithelial transition to fibroblastic cells: a modulatory effect on SMAD signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93265. [PMID: 24691097 PMCID: PMC3972195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) is a potent stimulator of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and has been associated with chronic kidney diseases by activating profibrotic gene expression. In this study, we investigated the role of the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway, which is a master regulator of the cellular antioxidant system, in TGFβ1-stimulated EMT gene changes using human renal tubular epithelial HK2. Treatment with TGFβ1 enhanced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and TGFβ1-stimulated EMT gene changes, including an increase in profibrotic fibronectin-1 and collagen 1A1, were diminished by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. In HK2, TGFβ1 suppressed NRF2 activity and thereby reduced the expression of GSH synthesizing enzyme through the elevation of ATF3 level. Therefore, the activation of NRF2 signaling with sulforaphane effectively attenuated the TGFβ1-stimulated increase in fibronectin-1 and collagen 1A1. Conversely, the TGFβ1-EMT gene changes were further enhanced by NRF2 knockdown compared to the control cells. The relationship of NRF2 signaling and TGFβ1-EMT changes was further confirmed in a stable KEAP1-knockdown HK2, which is a model of pure activation of NRF2. The TGFβ1-mediated increase of collagen 1A1 and fibronectin-1 in KEAP1 knockdown HK2 was suppressed. In particular, TGFβ1-SMAD signaling was modulated in KEAP1 knockdown HK2: the TGFβ1-stimulated SMAD2/3 phosphorylation and SMAD transcriptional activity were repressed. Additionally, the protein level of SMAD7, an inhibitor of SMAD signaling, was elevated and the level of SMURF1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase for SMAD7 protein, was diminished in KEAP1 knockdown HK2. Finally, the inhibition of SMAD7 expression in KEAP1 knockdown HK2 restored TGFβ1 response, indicating that SMURF1-SMAD7 may be a molecular signaling linking the NRF2-GSH pathway to TGFβ1-EMT changes. Collectively, these results indicate that the KEAP1-NRF2 antioxidant system can be an effective modulator of TGFβ1-stimulated renal epithelial transition to fibroblastic cells through the SMUR1-SMAD7 signaling, and further implies the beneficial role of NRF2 in chronic renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-geun Ryoo
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyoung Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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14
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Negrette-Guzmán M, Huerta-Yepez S, Tapia E, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Modulation of mitochondrial functions by the indirect antioxidant sulforaphane: a seemingly contradictory dual role and an integrative hypothesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1078-1089. [PMID: 23999506 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN) was early linked to anticarcinogenic and antiproliferative activities. Soon after, this compound, derived from cruciferous vegetables, became an excellent and useful trial for anti-cancer research in experimental models including growth tumor, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Many subsequent reports showed modifications in mitochondrial signaling, functionality, and integrity induced by SFN. When cytoprotective effects were found in toxic and ischemic insult models, seemingly contradictory behaviors of SFN were discovered: SFN was inducing deleterious changes in cancer cell mitochondria that eventually would carry the cell to death via apoptosis and also was protecting noncancer cell mitochondria against oxidative challenge, which prevented cell death. In both cases, SFN exhibited effects on mitochondrial redox balance and phase II enzyme expression, mitochondrial membrane potential, expression of the family of B cell lymphoma 2 homologs, regulation of proapoptotic proteins released from mitochondria, activation/inactivation of caspases, mitochondrial respiratory complex activities, oxygen consumption and bioenergetics, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and modulation of some kinase pathways. With the ultimate findings related to the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis by SFN, it could be considered that SFN has effects on mitochondrial dynamics that explain some divergent points. In this review, we list the reports involving effects on mitochondrial modulation by SFN in anti-cancer models as well as in cytoprotective models against oxidative damage. We also attempt to integrate the data into a mechanism explaining the various effects of SFN on mitochondrial function in only one concept, taking into account mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics and making a comparison with the theory of reactive oxygen species threshold of cell death. Our interest is to achieve a complete view of cancer and protective therapies based on SFN that can be extended to other chemotherapeutic compounds with similar characteristics. The work needed to test this hypothesis is quite extensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Negrette-Guzmán
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal, Departamento de Nefrología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
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Differential modulation of dibenzo[def,p]chrysene transplacental carcinogenesis: maternal diets rich in indole-3-carbinol versus sulforaphane. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 270:60-9. [PMID: 23566957 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetable components have been documented to exhibit anticancer properties. Targets of action span multiple mechanisms deregulated during cancer progression, ranging from altered carcinogen metabolism to the restoration of epigenetic machinery. Furthermore, the developing fetus is highly susceptible to changes in nutritional status and to environmental toxicants. Thus, we have exploited a mouse model of transplacental carcinogenesis to assess the impact of maternal dietary supplementation on cancer risk in offspring. In this study, transplacental and lactational exposure to a maternal dose of 15mg/Kg B.W. of dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (DBC) resulted in significant morbidity of offspring due to an aggressive T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. As in previous studies, indole-3-carbinol (I3C, feed to the dam at 100, 500 or 1000ppm), derived from cruciferous vegetables, dose-dependently reduced lung tumor multiplicity and also increased offspring survival. Brussels sprout and broccoli sprout powders, selected for their relative abundance of I3C and the bioactive component sulforaphane (SFN), respectively, surprisingly enhanced DBC-induced morbidity and tumorigenesis when incorporated into the maternal diet at 10% wt/wt. Purified SFN, incorporated in the maternal diet at 400ppm, also decreased the latency of DBC-dependent morbidity. Interestingly, I3C abrogated the effect of SFN when the two purified compounds were administered in equimolar combination (500ppm I3C and 600ppm SFN). SFN metabolites measured in the plasma of neonates positively correlated with exposure levels via the maternal diet but not with offspring mortality. These findings provide justification for further study of the safety and bioactivity of cruciferous vegetable phytochemicals at supplemental concentrations during the perinatal period.
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16
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Sulforaphane attenuates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity: role of mitochondrial protection. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:135314. [PMID: 23662110 PMCID: PMC3638608 DOI: 10.1155/2013/135314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate naturally occurring in Cruciferae, induces cytoprotection in several tissues. Its protective effect has been associated with its ability to induce cytoprotective enzymes through an Nrf2-dependent pathway. Gentamicin (GM) is a widely used antibiotic; nephrotoxicity is the main side effect of this compound. In this study, it was investigated if SFN is able to induce protection against GM-induced nephropathy both in renal epithelial LLC-PK1 cells in culture and in rats. SFN prevented GM-induced death and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in LLC-PK1 cells. In addition, it attenuated GM-induced renal injury (proteinuria, increases in serum creatinine, in blood urea nitrogen, and in urinary excretion on N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, and decrease in creatinine clearance and in plasma glutathione peroxidase activity) and necrosis and apoptosis in rats. The apoptotic death was associated with enhanced active caspase-9. Caspase-8 was unchanged in all the studied groups. In addition, SFN was able to prevent GM-induced protein nitration and decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase in renal cortex. In conclusion, the protective effect of SFN against GM-induced acute kidney injury could be associated with the preservation in mitochondrial function that would prevent the intrinsic apoptosis and nitrosative stress.
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17
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Fimognari C, Turrini E, Ferruzzi L, Lenzi M, Hrelia P. Natural isothiocyanates: genotoxic potential versus chemoprevention. Mutat Res 2011; 750:107-131. [PMID: 22178957 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates, occurring in many dietary cruciferous vegetables, show interesting chemopreventive activities against several chronic-degenerative diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, diabetes. The electrophilic carbon residue in the isothiocyanate moiety reacts with biological nucleophiles and modification of proteins is recognized as a key mechanism underlying the biological activity of isothiocyanates. The nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 system, which orchestrates the expression of a wide array of antioxidant genes, plays a role in the protective effect of isothiocyanates against almost all the pathological conditions reported above. Recent emerging findings suggest a further common mechanism. Chronic inflammation plays a central role in many human diseases and isothiocyanates inhibit the activity of many inflammation components, suppress cyclooxygenase 2, and irreversibly inactivate the macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Due to their electrophilic reactivity, some isothiocyanates are able to form adducts with DNA and induce gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations. DNA damage has been demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic-degenerative diseases of epidemiological relevance. Thus, the genotoxicity of the isothiocyanates should be carefully considered. In addition, the dose-response relationship for genotoxic compounds does not suggest evidence of a threshold. Thus, chemicals that are genotoxic pose a greater potential risk to humans than non-genotoxic compounds. Dietary consumption levels of isothiocyanates appear to be several orders of magnitude lower than the doses used in the genotoxicity studies and thus it is highly unlikely that such toxicities would occur in humans. However, the beneficial properties of isothiocyanates stimulated an increase of dietary supplements and functional foods with highly enriched isothiocyanate concentrations on the market. Whether such concentrations may exert a potential health risk cannot be excluded with certainty and an accurate evaluation of the toxicological profile of isothiocyanates should be prompted before any major increase in their consumption be recommended or their clinical use suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Fimognari
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Turrini
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ferruzzi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Monia Lenzi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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