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Le Rouzic O, Picaud M, Salvator H, Bautin N, Devillier P, Perez T. Residual reversibility in COPD patients already on long-acting bronchodilator: The OscilloRevers Study. Respir Med Res 2024; 85:101082. [PMID: 38280281 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2023.101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyspnea is a complex symptom of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) which is not strongly correlated with lung function measures. Long-acting bronchodilators (LAB) may reduce this dyspnea, but some patients report persistent chronic dyspnea despite this treatment. This study aims to assess residual reversibility and clinical response after short-acting bronchodilator (SAB) in COPD patients already treated by LAB and reporting persistent dyspnea. METHODS COPD patients with a persistent dyspnea (modified Medical Research Council scale (mMRC) ≥1) despite current stable treatment with at least one LAB were included. Spirometry, plethysmography and impulse oscillometry (IOS) were performed at peak effect of their LAB and repeat 45 min after the intake of two SAB (400 µg of salbutamol and 80 µg of ipratropium). Dyspnea improvement was assessed at 45 min after SAB through a comparative two-sided VAS (-100 mm for maximal improvement; +100 mm for maximal degradation). RESULTS Twenty-two COPD patients were analyzed, mainly men (59.1 %) with a mean age of 60.6 years and a median FEV1 of 54 % of predicted values. Fifty percent of patients reported a severe basal dyspnea (mMRC ≥2). After SAB, spirometric and plethysmographic measurements were statistically improved. For IOS measurement, reactance at 5 Hz (X5) and area of reactance (AX) were also improved. Fifty percent of patients reported a clinically relevant improvement of their resting dyspnea. However, no correlation was found between dyspnea improvement and functional measures. CONCLUSIONS Fifty percent of COPD patients regularly treated with one or two LAB still report a relevant improvement of resting dyspnea after the adjunctive intake of double short-acting bronchodilators. Physiological mechanisms associated with this improvement remain to be determined. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02928744.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Le Rouzic
- CHU Lille, Pneumologie et Immuno-Allergologie, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Marjorie Picaud
- CH Tourcoing, Respiratory disease department, F-59200 Tourcoing, France
| | - Hélène Salvator
- Hopital Foch, Service de Pneumologie, F-92150 Suresnes, France; Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire (VIM), V2I, UMR 0892, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Nathalie Bautin
- CHU Lille, Pneumologie et Immuno-Allergologie, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Devillier
- Hopital Foch, Service de Pneumologie, F-92150 Suresnes, France; Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire (VIM), V2I, UMR 0892, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Thierry Perez
- CHU Lille, Pneumologie et Immuno-Allergologie, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, F-59000 Lille, France
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2
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James MD, Phillips DB, Vincent SG, Abdallah SJ, Donovan AA, de-Torres JP, Neder JA, Smith BM, Jensen D, O'Donnell DE. Exertional dyspnoea in patients with mild-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Neuromechanical mechanisms. J Physiol 2022; 600:4227-4245. [PMID: 35861594 DOI: 10.1113/jp283252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Dyspnoea during exercise is a common and troublesome symptom reported by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is linked to an elevated inspiratory neural drive (IND). The precise mechanisms of elevated IND and dyspnoea across the continuum of airflow obstruction severity in COPD remains unclear. The present study sought to determine the mechanisms of elevated IND [by diaphragm EMG, EMGdi (%max)] and dyspnoea during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) across the continuum of COPD severity. There was a strong association between increasing dyspnoea intensity and EMGdi (%max) during CPET across the COPD continuum despite significant heterogeneity in underlying pulmonary gas exchange and respiratory mechanical impairments. Critical inspiratory constraints occurred at progressively lower ventilation during exercise with worsening severity of COPD. This was associated with the progressively lower resting inspiratory capacity with worsening disease severity. Earlier critical inspiratory constraint was associated with earlier neuromechanical dissociation and greater likelihood of reporting the sensation of 'unsatisfied inspiration'. ABSTRACT In patients with COPD, exertional dyspnoea generally arises when there is imbalance between ventilatory demand and capacity, but the neurophysiological mechanisms are unclear. We therefore determined if disparity between elevated inspiratory neural drive (IND) and tidal volume (VT ) responses (neuromechanical dissociation) impacted dyspnoea intensity and quality during exercise, across the COPD severity spectrum. In this two-centre, cross-sectional observational study, 89 participants with COPD divided into tertiles of FEV1 %predicted (Tertile 1 = FEV1 = 87 ± 9%, Tertile 2 = 60 ± 9%, Tertile 3 = 32 ± 8%) and 18 non-smoking controls, completed a symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET) with measurement of IND by diaphragm electromyography [EMGdi (%max)]. The association between increasing dyspnoea intensity and EMGdi (%max) during CPET was strong (r = 0.730, P < 0.001) and not different between the four groups who showed marked heterogeneity in pulmonary gas exchange and mechanical abnormalities. Significant inspiratory constraints (tidal volume/inspiratory capacity (VT /IC) ≥ 70%) and onset of neuromechanical dissociation (EMGdi (%max):VT /IC > 0.75) occurred at progressively lower V̇E from Control to Tertile 3. Lower resting IC meant earlier onset of neuromechanical dissociation, heightened dyspnoea intensity and greater propensity (93% in Tertile 3) to select qualitative descriptors of 'unsatisfied inspiration'. We concluded that, regardless of marked variation in mechanical and pulmonary gas exchange abnormalities in our study sample, exertional dyspnoea intensity was linked to the magnitude of EMGdi (%max). Moreover, onset of critical inspiratory constraints and attendant neuromechanical dissociation amplified dyspnoea intensity at higher exercise intensities. Simple measurements of IC and breathing pattern during CPET provide useful insights into mechanisms of dyspnoea and exercise intolerance in individuals with COPD. Abstract figure legend As chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severity increases, worsening gas exchange and respiratory mechanical impairment causes increased afferent receptor stimulation, increasing inspiratory neural drive at a given ventilation. The widening disparity between progressively greater inspiratory neural drive and reduced ventilatory output causes, 'neuromechanical dissociation'. This is strongly associated with a rapid increase in the intensity of dyspnea during exercise, and the onset of the sensation of 'unsatisfied inspiration'. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D James
- Respiratory Investigation Unit, Department of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Devin B Phillips
- Respiratory Investigation Unit, Department of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra G Vincent
- Respiratory Investigation Unit, Department of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Sara J Abdallah
- Clinical Exercise and Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program and Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adamo A Donovan
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Juan P de-Torres
- Respiratory Investigation Unit, Department of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - J Alberto Neder
- Respiratory Investigation Unit, Department of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin M Smith
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program and Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dennis Jensen
- Clinical Exercise and Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program and Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Denis E O'Donnell
- Respiratory Investigation Unit, Department of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada
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- Respiratory Investigation Unit, Department of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada
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3
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Elbehairy AF, Faisal A, McIsaac H, Domnik NJ, Milne KM, James MD, Neder JA, O'Donnell DE. Mechanisms of orthopnoea in patients with advanced COPD. Eur Respir J 2020; 57:13993003.00754-2020. [PMID: 32972985 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00754-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Many patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) report an unpleasant respiratory sensation at rest, which is further amplified by adoption of a supine position (orthopnoea). The mechanisms of this acute symptomatic deterioration are poorly understood.Sixteen patients with advanced COPD and a history of orthopnoea and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and detailed sensory-mechanical measurements including inspiratory neural drive (IND) assessed by diaphragm electromyography (EMGdi), oesophageal pressure (P es) and gastric pressure (P ga), in both sitting and supine positions.Patients had severe airflow obstruction (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1): 40±18% pred) and lung hyperinflation. Regardless of the position, patients had lower inspiratory capacity (IC) and higher IND for a given tidal volume (V T) (i.e. greater neuromechanical dissociation (NMD)), higher intensity of breathing discomfort, higher minute ventilation (V'E) and higher breathing frequency (f B) compared with controls (all p<0.05). For controls in a supine position, IC increased by 0.48 L versus sitting erect, with a small drop in V'E, mainly due to reduced f B (all p<0.05). By contrast, IC remained unaltered in patients with COPD, but dynamic lung compliance (C Ldyn) decreased (p<0.05) in the supine position. Breathing discomfort, inspiratory work of breathing (WOB), inspiratory effort, IND, NMD and neuroventilatory uncoupling all increased in COPD patients in the supine position (p<0.05), but not in the healthy controls. Orthopnoea was associated with acute changes in IND (r=0.65, p=0.01), neuroventilatory uncoupling (r=0.76, p=0.001) and NMD (r=0.73, p=0.002).In COPD, onset of orthopnoea coincided with an abrupt increase in elastic loading of the inspiratory muscles in recumbency, in association with increased IND and greater NMD of the respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany F Elbehairy
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Dept of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Azmy Faisal
- Dept of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,Faculty of Physical Education for Men, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hannah McIsaac
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Nicolle J Domnik
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn M Milne
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Clinician Investigator Program, Dept of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew D James
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - J Alberto Neder
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Denis E O'Donnell
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Domnik NJ, Walsted ES, Langer D. Clinical Utility of Measuring Inspiratory Neural Drive During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET). Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:483. [PMID: 33043023 PMCID: PMC7530180 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has traditionally included ventilatory and metabolic measurements alongside electrocardiographic characterization; however, research increasingly acknowledges the utility of also measuring inspiratory neural drive (IND) through its surrogate measure of diaphragmatic electromyography (EMGdi). While true IND also encompasses the activation of non-diaphragmatic respiratory muscles, the current review focuses on diaphragmatic measurements, providing information about additional inspiratory muscle groups for context where appropriate. Evaluation of IND provides mechanistic insight into the origins of dyspnea and exercise limitation across pathologies; yields valuable information reflecting the integration of diverse mechanical, chemical, locomotor, and metabolic afferent signals; and can help assess the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Further, IND measurement during the physiologic stress of exercise is uniquely poised to reveal the underpinnings of physiologic limitations masked during resting and unloaded breathing, with important information provided not only at peak exercise, but throughout exercise protocols. As our understanding of IND presentation across varying conditions continues to grow and methods for its measurement become more accessible, the translation of these principles into clinical settings is a logical next step in facilitating appropriate and nuanced management tailored to each individual's unique physiology. This review provides an overview of the current state of understanding of IND measurement during CPET: its origins, known patterns of behavior and links with dyspnea in health and major respiratory diseases, and the possibility of expanding this approach to applications beyond exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emil S. Walsted
- Respiratory Research Unit, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Langer
- Research Group for Rehabilitation in Internal Disorders, Respiratory Rehabilitation and Respiratory Division, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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5
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Domnik NJ, James MD, Scheeren RE, Ayoo GA, Taylor SM, Di Luch AT, Milne KM, Vincent SG, Phillips DB, Elbehairy AF, Crinion SJ, Driver HS, Neder JA, O'Donnell DE. Deterioration of Nighttime Respiratory Mechanics in COPD: Impact of Bronchodilator Therapy. Chest 2020; 159:116-127. [PMID: 32603714 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COPD is associated with nighttime respiratory symptoms, poor sleep quality, and increased risk of nocturnal death. Overnight deterioration of inspiratory capacity (IC) and FEV1 have been documented previously. However, the precise nature of this deterioration and mechanisms by which evening bronchodilation may mitigate this occurrence have not been studied. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the effect of evening dosing of dual, long-acting bronchodilation on detailed nocturnal respiratory mechanics and inspiratory neural drive (IND)? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study assessed the effects of evening long-acting bronchodilation (aclidinium bromide/formoterol fumarate dihydrate: 400/12 μg) or placebo on morning trough IC (12 h after the dose; primary outcome) and serial overnight measurements of spirometry, dynamic respiratory mechanics, and IND (secondary outcomes). Twenty participants with COPD (moderate/severe airway obstruction and lung hyperinflation) underwent serial measurements of IC, spirometry, breathing pattern, esophageal and transdiaphragmatic pressures, and diaphragm electromyography (diaphragmatic electromyography as a percentage of maximum; IND) at 6 time points from 0 to 12 h after the dose and compared with sleeping IND. RESULTS Compared with placebo, evening bronchodilation was not associated with increased morning trough IC 12 h after the dose (P = .48); however, nadir IC (lowest IC, independent of time), peak IC, area under the curve for 12 h after the dose, and IC for 10 h after the dose were improved (P < .05). During placebo, total airways resistance, lung hyperinflation, IND, and tidal esophageal and transdiaphragmatic pressure swings all increased significantly overnight compared with baseline evening values; however, each of these parameters improved with bronchodilator treatment (P < .05) with no change in ventilation or breathing pattern. INTERPRETATION Respiratory mechanics significantly deteriorated at night during placebo. Although the morning trough IC was unchanged, evening bronchodilator treatment was associated consistently with sustained overnight improvements in dynamic respiratory mechanics and inspiratory neural drive compared with placebo CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02429765.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew D James
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | - Grace A Ayoo
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Sarah M Taylor
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | - Kathryn M Milne
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | | | - Amany F Elbehairy
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sophie J Crinion
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Sleep Disorders Laboratory, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Canada
| | - Helen S Driver
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Sleep Disorders Laboratory, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Canada
| | - J Alberto Neder
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Denis E O'Donnell
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
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6
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Wang K, Liang ZY, Wang XL, Li Y, Lu YR, Liu JF, Li JH, Xu LM, Chen GQ, Chang P, Cen ZR, Chen X. Continuous positive airway pressure improves respiratory mechanics and efficiency of neural drive in stable COPD: an exploratory study. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:626-638. [PMID: 32274128 PMCID: PMC7139021 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.12.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a major treatment strategy for severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), especially with respiratory failure. However, it remains inconclusive whether CPAP affects respiratory mechanics and neural drive in stable COPD patients without respiratory failure. Methods Twenty-two COPD patients without respiratory failure received CPAP starting from 4 to 10 cmH2O in 1 cmH2O increments. Respiratory pattern, end expiatory lung volume (EELV), dynamic PEEPi (PEEPidyn), airway resistance (Raw), pressure-time product of diaphragmatic pressure (PTPdi) and esophageal pressure (PTPeso), root mean square (RMS) of diaphragm electromyogram (EMGdi) and ratio of ventilation (Ve) to EMGdi (i.e., Ve/RMS) were measured before and at each level of continue positive airway pressure (CPAP). A subgroup analysis was performed between patients with and without inspiratory muscle weakness. Results Nineteen patients completed the treatment. The respiratory pattern improved significantly after CPAP. Raw, PTPdi, and Pdi decreased significantly. ΔEELV decreased at 4 cmH2O (P<0.05), but increased significantly at >8 cmH2O. PEEPidyn decreased from 2.18±0.98 to 1.37±0.55 cmH2O. RMS increased while Ve/RMS improved significantly after CPAP (P<0.05). Besides, CPAP could significantly improve respiratory mechanics in patients with inspiratory muscle weakness. Conclusions CPAP improves respiratory pattern, PEEPi, Raw, work of breathing and efficiency of neural drive in COPD patients without respiratory failure, but easily increases dynamic pulmonary hyperinflation. These effects on respiratory mechanics are significant in patients with inspiratory muscle weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Liang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xi-Long Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Guangdong 525200, China
| | - Yi-Rong Lu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Jun-Fang Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Jia-Hui Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Li-Mei Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Ping Chang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Zhong-Ran Cen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
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7
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Zhang DD, Lu G, Zhu XF, Zhang LL, Gao J, Shi LC, Gu JH, Liu JN. Neural Respiratory Drive Measured Using Surface Electromyography of Diaphragm as a Physiological Biomarker to Predict Hospitalization of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 131:2800-2807. [PMID: 30511682 PMCID: PMC6278179 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.246057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neural respiratory drive (NRD) using diaphragm electromyography through an invasive transesophageal multi-electrode catheter can be used as a feasible clinical physiological parameter in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to provide useful information on the treatment response. However, it remains unknown whether the surface diaphragm electromyogram (EMGdi) could be used to identify the deterioration of clinical symptoms and to predict the necessity of hospitalization in acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) patients. Methods: COPD patients visiting the outpatient department due to acute exacerbation were enrolled in this study. All patients who were subjected to EMGdi and classical parameters such as spirometry parameters, arterial blood gas analysis, COPD assessment test (CAT) score, and the modified early warning score (MEWS) in outpatient department, would be treated effectively in the outpatient or inpatient settings according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease guideline. When the acute exacerbation of the patients was managed, all the examination above would be repeated. Results: We compared the relationships of admission-to-discharge changes (Δ) in the normalized value of the EMGdi, including the change of the percentage of maximal EMGdi (ΔEMGdi%max) and the change of the ratio of minute ventilation to the percentage of maximal EMGdi (ΔVE/EMGdi%max) with the changes of classical parameters. There was a significant positive association between ΔEMGdi%max and ΔCAT, ΔPaCO2, and ΔpH. The change (Δ) of EMGdi%max was negatively correlated with ΔPaO2/FiO2 in the course of the treatment of AECOPD. Compared with the classical parameters including forced expiratory volume in 1 s, MEWS, PaO2/FiO2, the EMGdi%max (odds ratio 1.143, 95% confidence interval 1.004–1.300) has a higher sensitivity when detecting the early exacerbation and enables to predict the admission of hospital in the whole cohort. Conclusions: The changes of surface EMGdi parameters had a direct correlation with classical measures in the whole cohort of AECOPD. The measurement of NRD by surface EMGdi represents a practical physiological biomarker, which may be helpful in detecting patients who should be hospitalized timely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Zhang
- Chronic Airway Disease Research Office, Department of Respiratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China
| | - Gan Lu
- Chronic Airway Disease Research Office, Department of Respiratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China
| | - Xuan-Feng Zhu
- Chronic Airway Disease Research Office, Department of Respiratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhang
- Chronic Airway Disease Research Office, Department of Respiratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China
| | - Jia Gao
- Chronic Airway Disease Research Office, Department of Respiratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China
| | - Li-Cheng Shi
- Chronic Airway Disease Research Office, Department of Respiratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China
| | - Jian-Hua Gu
- Chronic Airway Disease Research Office, Department of Respiratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China
| | - Jian-Nan Liu
- Chronic Airway Disease Research Office, Department of Respiratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China
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8
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Laveneziana P, Albuquerque A, Aliverti A, Babb T, Barreiro E, Dres M, Dubé BP, Fauroux B, Gea J, Guenette JA, Hudson AL, Kabitz HJ, Laghi F, Langer D, Luo YM, Neder JA, O'Donnell D, Polkey MI, Rabinovich R, Rossi A, Series F, Similowski T, Spengler C, Vogiatzis I, Verges S. ERS statement on respiratory muscle testing at rest and during exercise. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:13993003.01214-2018. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01214-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Assessing respiratory mechanics and muscle function is critical for both clinical practice and research purposes. Several methodological developments over the past two decades have enhanced our understanding of respiratory muscle function and responses to interventions across the spectrum of health and disease. They are especially useful in diagnosing, phenotyping and assessing treatment efficacy in patients with respiratory symptoms and neuromuscular diseases. Considerable research has been undertaken over the past 17 years, since the publication of the previous American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) statement on respiratory muscle testing in 2002. Key advances have been made in the field of mechanics of breathing, respiratory muscle neurophysiology (electromyography, electroencephalography and transcranial magnetic stimulation) and on respiratory muscle imaging (ultrasound, optoelectronic plethysmography and structured light plethysmography). Accordingly, this ERS task force reviewed the field of respiratory muscle testing in health and disease, with particular reference to data obtained since the previous ATS/ERS statement. It summarises the most recent scientific and methodological developments regarding respiratory mechanics and respiratory muscle assessment by addressing the validity, precision, reproducibility, prognostic value and responsiveness to interventions of various methods. A particular emphasis is placed on assessment during exercise, which is a useful condition to stress the respiratory system.
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9
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Pathophysiological mechanisms of exertional breathlessness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and interstitial lung disease. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2018; 12:237-245. [PMID: 30074922 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Breathlessness is a common and distressing symptom in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD), particularly during exercise. Effective medical management of exertional breathlessness in people living with COPD and fibrotic ILD is challenging for healthcare providers and requires an understanding of its mechanisms. Thus, in this brief review we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of exertional breathlessness in COPD and fibrotic ILD. RECENT FINDINGS The collective results of recent physiological and clinical trials suggest that higher intensity ratings of exertional breathlessness in both COPD and fibrotic ILD compared to healthy control individuals is mechanistically linked to the awareness of greater neural respiratory drive (quantified using inspiratory muscle electromyography) needed to compensate for pathophysiological abnormalities in respiratory mechanics and pulmonary gas exchange efficiency. SUMMARY Any therapeutic intervention capable of decreasing intrinsic mechanical loading of the respiratory system and/or increasing pulmonary gas exchange efficiency has the potential to decrease the prevalence and severity of activity-related breathlessness and improve related clinical and patient-reported outcomes (e.g., exercise tolerance and health-related quality of life) by decreasing neural respiratory drive in people with COPD and fibrotic ILD.
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Acute bronchodilator therapy does not reduce wasted ventilation during exercise in COPD. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2018; 252-253:64-71. [PMID: 29578103 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This randomized, double-blind, crossover study aimed to determine if acute treatment with inhaled bronchodilators, by improving regional lung hyperinflation and ventilation distribution, would reduce dead space-to-tidal volume ratio (VD/VT); thus contributing to improved exertional dyspnea in COPD. Twenty COPD patients (FEV1 = 50 ± 15% predicted; mean ± SD) performed pulmonary function tests and symptom-limited constant-work rate exercise at 75% peak-work rate (with arterialized capillary blood gases) after nebulized bronchodilator (BD; ipratropium 0.5mg + salbutamol 2.5 mg) or placebo (PL; normal saline). After BD versus PL: Functional residual capacity decreased by 0.4L (p = .0001). Isotime during exercise after BD versus PL (p < .05): dyspnea decreased: 1.2 ± 1.9 Borg-units; minute ventilation increased: 3.8 ± 5.5 L/min; IC increased: 0.24 ± 0.28 L and VT increased 0.19 ± 0.16 L. There was no significant difference in arterial CO2 tension or VD/VT, but alveolar ventilation increased by 3.8 ± 5.5 L/min (p = .02). Post-BD improvements in respiratory mechanics explained 51% of dyspnea reduction at a standardized exercise time. Bronchodilator-induced improvements in respiratory mechanics were not associated with reduced wasted ventilation - a residual contributory factor to exertional dyspnea during exercise in COPD.
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Li Y, Li YH, Li S, Luo YW, Xiao R, Huang YX, Huang JL, Chen YT, Zhi RC, Chen X. Efficiency of neural respiratory drive for the assessment of bronchodilator responsiveness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an exploratory study. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:958-65. [PMID: 27162672 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.03.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional lung function parameters, such as forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and inspiratory capacity (IC) are often used to assess the therapeutic outcomes of bronchodilators, but they lack sensitivity. A novel indicator, namely efficiency of neural respiratory drive (NRD), may objectively evaluate the physiological changes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We investigated whether this indicator could be used to more accurately assess the responsiveness to inhaled bronchodilators. METHODS Thirty-six subjects with moderate-to-severe COPD were randomized into group A (n=18) and group B (n=18). Participants in group A inhaled 400 µg placebo, 400 µg salbutamol and 80 µg ipratropium in sequence whereas those in group B had the salbutamol and ipratropium reversed. At different time points after administration of placebo or bronchodilators, evaluated indices included FEV1, FVC, IC, root mean square (RMS) of diaphragm electromyogram (EMGdi), and efficiency of NRD [herein defined as the ratio of minute ventilation (VE) to RMS, or VE/RMS]. RESULTS FEV1, FVC, IC, RMS, and VE/RMS significantly improved after inhaled bronchodilators and VE/RMS had the largest improvement among five indices. The detection efficiency of VE/RMS was greater than FEV1, FVC, IC (all P<0.05), but not different from RMS. The accuracy and sensitivity of VE/RMS were significantly higher than FEV1, FVC, IC, and RMS (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Efficiency of NRD may be a sensitive tool to evaluate the efficacy of inhaled bronchodilators in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou 511486, China
| | - Yin-Huan Li
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou 511486, China
| | - Shuo Li
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou 511486, China
| | - Yu-Wen Luo
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou 511486, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou 511486, China
| | - Yu-Xia Huang
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou 511486, China
| | - Jin-Lun Huang
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou 511486, China
| | - Yi-Tai Chen
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou 511486, China
| | - Rong-Chang Zhi
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou 511486, China
| | - Xin Chen
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou 511486, China
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