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Pashmforosh M, Rajabi Vardanjani H, Khorsandi L, Shariati S, Mohtadi S, Khodayar MJ. Carvacrol protects rats against bleomycin-induced lung oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03273-7. [PMID: 38976045 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate the potential efficacy of carvacrol (CAR) in mitigating bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Sixty-six male Wistar rats were assigned into two main groups of 7 and 21 days. They were divided into the subgroups of control, BLM, CAR 80 (only for the 21-day group), and CAR treatment groups. The CAR treatment groups received CAR (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg, orally) for 7 or 21 days after an instillation of BLM (5 mg/kg, intratracheally). Results indicated that BLM significantly increased total cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the percentages of neutrophils and lymphocytes, and reduced the percentage of macrophages. CAR dose-dependently decreased total cell count and the percentage of neutrophils and lymphocytes. CAR significantly reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hydroxyproline levels and elevated the total thiol level and catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in BLM-exposed rats. Furthermore, CAR decreased the transforming growth factor-β1, connective transforming growth factor, and tumor necrosis factor-α on days 7 and 21. BLM increased interferon-γ on day 7 but decreased its level on day 21. However, CAR reversed interferon-γ levels on days 7 and 21. Based on histopathological findings, BLM induced inflammation on days 7 and 21, but for induction of fibrosis, 21-day study showed more fibrotic injuries than the 7-day group. CAR showed the improvement of fibrotic injuries. The effect of CAR against BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis is possibly due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Rajabi Vardanjani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Shariati
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shokooh Mohtadi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Karetnikova ES, Jarzebska N, Rodionov RN, Spieth PM, Markov AG. Transcriptional Levels of Intercellular Junction Proteins in an Alveolar Epithelial Cell Line Exposed to Irradiation or Bleomycin. Bull Exp Biol Med 2024; 176:442-446. [PMID: 38488962 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06043-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
We performed a comparative study of the effects of X-ray irradiation and bleomycin on the mRNA levels of E-cadherin and tight junction proteins (claudin-3, claudin-4, claudin-18, ZO-2, and occludin) in an alveolar epithelial cell line L2. Irradiation decreased claudin-4 levels and increased occludin levels, while the levels of other mRNAs remained unchanged. Bleomycin increased the expression levels of all proteins examined except claudin-3. Irradiation and bleomycin have different effects on the expression level of intercellular junction proteins, indicating different reactions triggered in alveolar epithelial cells and a great prospects of further comparative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Karetnikova
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N Jarzebska
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - R N Rodionov
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - P M Spieth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A G Markov
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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3
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Wei W, Li T, Chen J, Fan Z, Gao F, Yu Z, Jiang Y. SIRT3/6: an amazing challenge and opportunity in the fight against fibrosis and aging. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:69. [PMID: 38294557 PMCID: PMC10830597 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a typical aging-related pathological process involving almost all organs, including the heart, kidney, liver, lung, and skin. Fibrogenesis is a highly orchestrated process defined by sequences of cellular response and molecular signals mechanisms underlying the disease. In pathophysiologic conditions associated with organ fibrosis, a variety of injurious stimuli such as metabolic disorders, epigenetic changes, and aging may induce the progression of fibrosis. Sirtuins protein is a kind of deacetylase which can regulate cell metabolism and participate in a variety of cell physiological functions. In this review, we outline our current understanding of common principles of fibrogenic mechanisms and the functional role of SIRT3/6 in aging-related fibrosis. In addition, sequences of novel protective strategies have been identified directly or indirectly according to these mechanisms. Here, we highlight the role and biological function of SIRT3/6 focus on aging fibrosis, as well as their inhibitors and activators as novel preventative or therapeutic interventions for aging-related tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Wei
- School of Queen Mary, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Jinlong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nangchang University, 999 Xuefu Rd, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zhen Fan
- The Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Zhibiao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nangchang University, 999 Xuefu Rd, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yihao Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nangchang University, 999 Xuefu Rd, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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4
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Cheng X, Jiang S, Pan B, Xie W, Meng J. Ectopic and visceral fat deposition in aging, obesity, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an interconnected role. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:201. [PMID: 38001499 PMCID: PMC10668383 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is considered an age-related disease. Age-related changes, along with other factors such as obesity, hormonal imbalances, and various metabolic disorders, lead to ectopic fat deposition (EFD). This accumulation of fat outside of its normal storage sites is associated with detrimental effects such as lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. This narrative review provides an overview of the connection between ectopic and visceral fat deposition in aging, obesity, and IPF. It also elucidates the mechanism by which ectopic fat deposition in the airways and lungs, pericardium, skeletal muscles, and pancreas contributes to lung injury and fibrosis in patients with IPF, directly or indirectly. Moreover, the review discusses the impact of EFD on the severity of the disease, quality of life, presence of comorbidities, and overall prognosis in IPF patients. The review provides detailed information on recent research regarding representative lipid-lowering drugs, hypoglycemic drugs, and lipid-targeting drugs in animal experiments and clinical studies. This may offer new therapeutic directions for patients with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Tongzipo Road 138, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Tongzipo Road 138, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Shuhan Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Tongzipo Road 138, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Tongzipo Road 138, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Boyu Pan
- Departments of Orthopedics, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Laodong West Road 176, Tianxin District, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Furong Middle Road 36, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Tongzipo Road 138, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410000, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Tongzipo Road 138, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410000, China.
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Zhou R, Jin C, Jiao L, Zhang S, Tian M, Liu J, Yang S, Yao W, Zhou F. Geranylgeranylacetone, an inducer of heat shock protein 70, attenuates pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting NF-κB/NOX4/ROS signalling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110603. [PMID: 37307957 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating and progressive pulmonary disease which is characterized by epithelial cell damage and extracellular collagen deposition. To date, the therapeutic options for IPF are still very limited, so the relevant mechanisms need to be explored. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), which has protective versus antitumor effects on cells under stress, is a member of the heat shock protein family. In the current study, qRT-PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and migration assays were used to explore the Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in BEAS-2B cells. Moreover, the role of GGA in the process of pulmonary fibrosis was detected by HE, Masson staining, pulmonary function test and immunohistochemistry in C57BL/6 mice. Our results indicated that GGA, as an inducer of HSP70, enhanced the transformation of BEAS-2B cells from epithelial to mesenchymal cells through the NF-κB/NOX4/ROS (reactive oxygen species) signalling pathway and could significantly reduce apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells induced by TGF-β1(Transforming growth factor β1) in vitro. In vivo studies demonstrated that HSP70-inducing drugs, such as GGA, attenuated pulmonary fibrosis progression induced by bleomycin (BLM). Collectively, these results suggested that overexpression of HSP70 attenuated pulmonary fibrosis induced by BLM in C57BL/6 mice and EMT process induced by TGF-β1 through NF-κB/NOX4/ROS pathway in vitro. Thus, HSP70 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for human lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, China.
| | - Chaomei Jin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, China.
| | - Linlin Jiao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, China.
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, China.
| | - Mei Tian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, China.
| | - Jiamin Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, China.
| | - Songtai Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, China.
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, China.
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, China.
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Chen KQ, Ke BY, Cheng L, Guan MT, Wang ZB, Wang SZ. Research and Progress of Probucol in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Mini Rev Med Chem 2023; 23:1905-1911. [PMID: 36967462 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230324092842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
With the development of the social economy over the last 30 years, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is affected by unhealthy living habits and eating styles and has gradually become an increasingly serious public health problem. It is very important to investigate the pathogenesis and treatment of NAFLD for the development of human health. Probucol is an antioxidant with a bis-phenol structure. Although probucol is a clinically used cholesterol-lowering and antiatherosclerosis drug, its mechanism has not been elucidated in detail. This paper reviews the chemical structure, pharmacokinetics and pharmacological research of probucol. Meanwhile, this paper reviews the mechanism of probucol in NAFLD. We also analyzed and summarized the experimental models and clinical trials of probucol in NAFLD. Although current therapeutic strategies for NAFLD are not effective, we hope that through further research on probucol, we will be able to find suitable treatments to solve this problem in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Qian Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Bo-Yi Ke
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Meng-Ting Guan
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zong-Bao Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Shu-Zhi Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
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7
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Sehgal M, Jakhete SM, Manekar AG, Sasikumar S. Specific epigenetic regulators serve as potential therapeutic targets in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09773. [PMID: 36061031 PMCID: PMC9434059 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a disorder observed mostly in older human beings, is characterised by chronic and progressive lung scarring leading to an irreversible decline in lung function. This health condition has a dismal prognosis and the currently available drugs only delay but fail to reverse the progression of lung damage. Consequently, it becomes imperative to discover improved therapeutic compounds and their cellular targets to cure IPF. In this regard, a number of recent studies have targeted the epigenetic regulation by histone deacetylases (HDACs) to develop and categorise antifibrotic drugs for lungs. Therefore, this review focuses on how aberrant expression or activity of Classes I, II and III HDACs alter TGF-β signalling to promote events such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, differentiation of activated fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, and excess deposition of the extracellular matrix to propel lung fibrosis. Further, this study describes how certain chemical compounds or dietary changes modulate dysregulated HDACs to attenuate five faulty TGF-β-dependent profibrotic processes, both in animal models and cell lines replicating IPF, thereby identifying promising means to treat this lung disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Sehgal
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, PIN - 411033, India
| | - Sharayu Manish Jakhete
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, PIN - 411033, India
| | - Amruta Ganesh Manekar
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, PIN - 411033, India
| | - Satish Sasikumar
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, PIN - 411033, India
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Tao ZS, Li TL, Wei S. Probucol promotes osteoblasts differentiation and prevents osteoporosis development through reducing oxidative stress. Mol Med 2022; 28:75. [PMID: 35764958 PMCID: PMC9238135 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probucol (PBC) is a potent cholesterol-lowering drug and has been studied extensively for its powerful antioxidative stress. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of PBC in ovariectomized rat model and to explore the mechanism of osteogenic differentiation of MC3TE-E1 Cells. RT-qPCR and Immunofluorescence were used to measure the expression level of SOD2, SIRT1, intracellular oxidative stress levels and osteogenic markers proteins. Moreover, CCK-8 assay was conducted to detect cell viability. Alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase staining were applied to examine osteogenic function and calcium deposits. The ovariectomized rat model was set up successfully and HE staining were employed to examine femoral trabeculae tissue. Our results showed that PBC suppressed MC3TE-E1 resist oxidative stress to promote osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, it was confirmed that PBC promoted osteogenic differentiation of MC3TE-E1 through inhibiting oxidative stress. Further study indicated that PBC exerted its beneficial function by suppressing oxidative stress-mediated alter bone metabolism to alleviate osteoporosis in vivo. Our research suggested that the PBC-modulated oxidative stress inhibition is responsible for activation of the process of osteogenic differentiation, providing a novel insight into the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Shan Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, No. 2, Zhe Shan Xi Road, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tian-Lin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, No. 2, Zhe Shan Xi Road, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Wei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, People's Republic of China.,Additive Manufacturing Institute of Anhui Polytechnic University, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, People's Republic of China
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Zhou X, Yi L, Lang H, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Yu L, Zhu J, Mi M. Dihydromyricetin-Encapsulated Liposomes Inhibit Exhaustive Exercise-Induced Liver Inflammation by Orchestrating M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:887263. [PMID: 35721117 PMCID: PMC9205249 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.887263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhaustive exercise (EE) induced hepatic inflammatory injury has been well reported. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) has shown anti-inflammatory bioactivity and hepatoprotective effects but is limited by poor bioavailability. Here, high-bioavailability DHM-encapsulated liposomes were synthesized and explored for their therapeutic potential and regulatory mechanisms in a hepatic inflammatory injury model. The animal model was established by swimming-to-exhaustive exercise in C57BL/6 mice, and the anti-inflammatory effects were detected after administration of DHM or DHM liposome. NIR fluorescence imaging was used to assess the potential of liver targeting. The DHM liposome-induced macrophage polarization was measured by flow cytometry ex vivo. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of DHM was studied in cell line RAW264.7 in vitro. Liposome encapsulation enhanced DHM bioavailability, and DHM liposome could alleviate liver inflammation more effectively. Moreover, DHM liposome targeted hepatic macrophages and polarized macrophages into an anti-inflammatory phenotype. The SIRT3/HIF-1α signaling pathway could be the major mechanism of DHM motivated macrophage polarization. Our study indicates that DHM liposomes can alleviate liver inflammation induced by EE through sustained releasing and hepatic targeting. It is a promising option to achieve the high bioavailability of DHM. Also, this study provides new insights into the regional immune effect of DHM against inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhou
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Long Yi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hedong Lang
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qianyong Zhang
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Li Yu
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jundong Zhu
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Mantian Mi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Xu X, Li Y, Niu Z, Xia J, Dai K, Wang C, Yao W, Guo Y, Deng X, He J, Deng M, Si H, Hao C. Inhibition of HIF-1α Attenuates Silica-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116775. [PMID: 35682354 PMCID: PMC9180362 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Background: Excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix is a key feature of pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and myofibroblasts are the main producers of extracellular matrix. Fibroblasts are the major source of myofibroblasts, but the mechanisms of transdifferentiation are unclear. Methods: In vitro, transforming growth factor-β1 was used to induce NIH-3T3 cell transdifferentiation. DMOG was used to increase hypoxia-inducible factor-1α subunit (HIF-1α) expression. KC7F2 and siRNA decreased HIF-1α expression. In vivo, silica particles were used to induce PF in C57BL/6N mice, and KC7F2 was used to reduce HIF-1α expression in C57BL/6N mice. Western blot was used to detect the expression of collagen type 1 alpha 1(COL1A1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), SMAD family member (SAMD) 3, Phospho-SMAD3 (PSMAD3), and HIF-1α. PCR was used to detect the expression of COL1A1, α-SMA, and HIF-1α. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of COL1A1 and HIF-1α. Results: In vitro, compared to the control group, COL1A1, α-SMA, PSMAD3, and HIF-1α expression were elevated in the DMOG group, and COL1A1, α-SMA, PSMAD3, and HIF-1α expression were decreased in the KC7F2 group and siRNA group. Compared to the DMOG group, COL1A1, α-SMA, and PSMAD3 expression were decreased in the DMOG + SIS3 group. In vivo, compared to the saline group, COL1A1, α-SMA, PSMAD3, and HIF-1α expression were increased in the pulmonary tissue of C57BL/6N mice in the silica group. Compared to the silica group, COL1A1, α-SMA, PSMAD3, and HIF-1α expression and the degree of PF were decreased in the silica + KC7F2 group. Conclusion: Inhibition of HIF-1α reduced α-SMA, decreased COL1A1 expression, and attenuated the degree of PF in C57BL/6N mice. Therefore, HIF-1α may be a new target for the treatment of silica-induced PF.
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11
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Chen Y, Zhou D, Feng Y, Li B, Cui Y, Chen G, Li N. Association of sirtuins (SIRT1-7) with lung and intestinal diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2539-2552. [PMID: 35594000 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
"Exterior-interior correlation between the lung and large intestine" is one of the important contents of traditional Chinese medicine. This theory describes the role of the lung and the intestine in association with disease treatment. The "lung-gut" axis is a modern extension of the "exterior-interior correlation between lung and large intestine" theory in TCM. Sirtuin (SIRT) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent enzyme family with deacetylase properties, which is highly conserved from bacteria to humans. The sirtuin defines seven silencing regulatory proteins (SIRT1-7) in human cells. It can regulate aging, metabolism, and certain diseases. Current studies have shown that sirtuins have dual characteristics, acting as both tumor promoters and tumor inhibitors in cancers. This paper provides a comparative summary of the roles of SIRT1-7 in the intestine and lung (both inflammatory diseases and tumors), and the promoter/suppressor effects of targeting SIRT family microRNAs and modulators of inflammation or tumors. Sirtuins have great potential as drug targets for the treatment of intestinal and respiratory diseases. Meanwhile, it may provide new ideas of future drug target research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Chen
- Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhou
- Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxin Li
- Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Cui
- Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
- School of Medical Device, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Halimu G, Zhang Q, Liu L, Zhang Z, Wang X, Gu W, Zhang B, Dai Y, Zhang H, Zhang C, Xu M. Toxic effects of nanoplastics with different sizes and surface charges on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in A549 cells and the potential toxicological mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128485. [PMID: 35739668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
As a newly emerging hazardous material, airborne nanoplastics are easily inhaled and accumulated in human and animal alveoli. We previously found that polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) induced apoptosis and inflammation of human alveolar epithelial A549 cells, implying they increase the risk of pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we investigated whether PS-NPs induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the prelude to lung fibrosis, in A549 cells. A549 cells treated with PS-NPs of different sizes and surface charges exhibited increased migration and EMT markers accompanied with up-regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), an ROS generator located in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Moreover, PS-NPs caused mitochondrial dysfunction as demonstrated by membrane potential changes and impaired cellular energy metabolism. PS-NPs also activated ER stress as indicated by the up-regulated ER stress markers. As expected, smaller PS-NPs with a positive surface charge had stronger effects. Furthermore, the effects of PS-NPs on A549 cells were reversed by NOX4 gene knock-down, which verified the involvement of NOX4. Our results suggest that PS-NPs induce EMT in A549 cells through multiple mechanisms, and NOX4 is a key mediator in this process. Our findings contribute to understanding the toxicological mechanisms of nanoplastics on the respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulinare Halimu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 WenHua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Qianru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 WenHua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Zhichun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 WenHua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 WenHua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Wu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 WenHua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 WenHua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yumeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 WenHua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Huiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 WenHua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Chenggang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 WenHua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Mingkai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 WenHua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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Cheng L, Qiu X, He L, Liu L. MicroRNA-122-5p ameliorates tubular injury in diabetic nephropathy via FIH-1/HIF-1α pathway. Ren Fail 2022; 44:293-303. [PMID: 35166173 PMCID: PMC8856027 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2039194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes kidney disease (DKD) affects approximately one-third of diabetes patients, however, the specific molecular mechanism of DKD remains unclear, and there is still a lack of effective therapies. Here, we demonstrated a significant increase of microRNA-122-5p (miR-122-5p) in renal tubular cells in STZ induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) mice. Moreover, inhibition of miR-122-5p led to increased cell death and serve tubular injury and promoted DN progression following STZ treatment in mice, whereas supplementation of miR-122-5p mimic had kidney protective effects in this model. In addition, miR-122-5p suppressed the expression of factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (FIH-1) in vitro models of DN. microRNA target reporter assay further verified FIH-1 as a direct target of miR-122-5p. Generally, FIH-1 inhibits the activity of HIF-1α. Our in vitro study further indicated that overexpression of HIF-1α by transfection of HIF-1α plasmid reduced tubular cell death, suggesting a protective role of HIF-1α in DN. Collectively, these findings may unveil a novel miR-122-5p/FIH-1/HIF-1α pathway which can attenuate the DN progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinying Qiu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyu He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
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Li S, Zhang H, Chang J, Li D, Cao P. Iron overload and mitochondrial dysfunction orchestrate pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174613. [PMID: 34740581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, progressive heterogeneous disease of lung tissues with poor lung function caused by scar tissue. Due to our limited understanding of its mechanism, there is currently no treatment strategy that can prevent the development of PF. In recent years, iron accumulation and mitochondrial damage have been reported to participate in PF, and drugs that reduce iron content and improve mitochondrial function have shown significant efficacy in animal experimental models. Excessive iron leads to mitochondrial impairment, which may be the key cause that results in the dysfunction of various kinds of pulmonary cells and further promotes PF. As an emerging research hotspot, there are few targeted effective therapeutic strategies at present due to limited mechanistic understanding. In this review, the roles of iron homeostasis imbalance and mitochondrial damage in PF are summarized and discussed, highlighting a promising direction for finding truly effective therapeutics for PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmin Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongming Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pengxiu Cao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, People's Republic of China.
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15
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miR-138 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating ZEB2. Toxicology 2021; 461:152925. [PMID: 34481903 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Silica dust is a common pollutant in the occupational environment, such as coal mines. Inhalation of silica dust can cause progressive pulmonary fibrosis and then silicosis. Silicosis is still one of the most harmful occupational diseases in the world, so the study of its pathogenesis is necessary for the treatment of silicosis. In this study, we constructed a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis via intratracheal instillation of silica particles and identified the decreased expression of miR-138 in fibrotic lung tissues of mice. Moreover, the overexpression of miR-138 retarded the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a mouse model of silica particles exposure and epithelial cells stimulated by silica particles. Further studies showed that ZEB2 was one of the potential targets of miR-138, and the up-regulation of miR-138 reduced ZEB2 levels in mouse lung tissues and in epithelial cells. We next found that the expression levels of ɑ-SMA and Vimentin were significantly increased and E-cadherin levels were decreased after transfection with miR-138 inhibitor in epithelial cells. However, these effects were abated by the knockdown of ZEB2. Consistently, the increased migration ability of epithelial cells by miR-138 inhibitor transfection was also reversed by the knockdown of ZEB2. Collectively, we revealed that miR-138 significantly targeted ZEB2, thus inhibited the EMT process and mitigated the development of pulmonary fibrosis. miR-138 may be a potential target for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Cheresh P, Kim SJ, Jablonski R, Watanabe S, Lu Z, Chi M, Helmin KA, Gius D, Budinger GRS, Kamp DW. SIRT3 Overexpression Ameliorates Asbestos-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis, mt-DNA Damage, and Lung Fibrogenic Monocyte Recruitment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6856. [PMID: 34202229 PMCID: PMC8268084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) mitochondrial (mt) DNA damage and fibrotic monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages (Mo-AMs) are implicated in the pathobiology of pulmonary fibrosis. We showed that sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial protein regulating cell fate and aging, is deficient in the AECs of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients and that asbestos- and bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis is augmented in Sirt3 knockout (Sirt3-/-) mice associated with AEC mtDNA damage and intrinsic apoptosis. We determined whether whole body transgenic SIRT3 overexpression (Sirt3Tg) protects mice from asbestos-induced pulmonary fibrosis by mitigating lung mtDNA damage and Mo-AM recruitment. Crocidolite asbestos (100 µg/50 µL) or control was instilled intratracheally in C57Bl6 (Wild-Type) mice or Sirt3Tg mice, and at 21 d lung fibrosis (histology, fibrosis score, Sircol assay) and lung Mo-AMs (flow cytometry) were assessed. Compared to controls, Sirt3Tg mice were protected from asbestos-induced pulmonary fibrosis and had diminished lung mtDNA damage and Mo-AM recruitment. Further, pharmacologic SIRT3 inducers (i.e., resveratrol, viniferin, and honokiol) each diminish oxidant-induced AEC mtDNA damage in vitro and, in the case of honokiol, protection occurs in a SIRT3-dependent manner. We reason that SIRT3 preservation of AEC mtDNA is a novel therapeutic focus for managing patients with IPF and other types of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cheresh
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (P.C.); (S.-J.K.); (Z.L.); (G.R.S.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Simpson & Querrey Biomedical Research Center 5-303, 303 E Superior St., Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.W.); (M.C.); (K.A.H.)
| | - Seok-Jo Kim
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (P.C.); (S.-J.K.); (Z.L.); (G.R.S.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Simpson & Querrey Biomedical Research Center 5-303, 303 E Superior St., Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.W.); (M.C.); (K.A.H.)
| | - Renea Jablonski
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Simpson & Querrey Biomedical Research Center 5-303, 303 E Superior St., Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.W.); (M.C.); (K.A.H.)
| | - Ziyan Lu
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (P.C.); (S.-J.K.); (Z.L.); (G.R.S.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Simpson & Querrey Biomedical Research Center 5-303, 303 E Superior St., Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.W.); (M.C.); (K.A.H.)
| | - Monica Chi
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Simpson & Querrey Biomedical Research Center 5-303, 303 E Superior St., Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.W.); (M.C.); (K.A.H.)
| | - Kathryn A. Helmin
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Simpson & Querrey Biomedical Research Center 5-303, 303 E Superior St., Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.W.); (M.C.); (K.A.H.)
| | - David Gius
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - G. R. Scott Budinger
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (P.C.); (S.-J.K.); (Z.L.); (G.R.S.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Simpson & Querrey Biomedical Research Center 5-303, 303 E Superior St., Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.W.); (M.C.); (K.A.H.)
| | - David W. Kamp
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (P.C.); (S.-J.K.); (Z.L.); (G.R.S.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Simpson & Querrey Biomedical Research Center 5-303, 303 E Superior St., Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.W.); (M.C.); (K.A.H.)
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Luo X, Deng Q, Xue Y, Zhang T, Wu Z, Peng H, Xuan L, Pan G. Anti-Fibrosis Effects of Magnesium Lithospermate B in Experimental Pulmonary Fibrosis: By Inhibiting TGF-βRI/Smad Signaling. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061715. [PMID: 33808650 PMCID: PMC8003516 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a severe and irreversible interstitial pulmonary disease with high mortality and few treatments. Magnesium lithospermate B (MLB) is a hydrosoluble component of Salvia miltiorrhiza and has been reported to have antifibrotic effects in other forms of tissue fibrosis. In this research, we studied the effects of MLB on pulmonary fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms. Our results indicated that MLB treatment (50 mg/kg) for seven days could attenuate bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis by reducing the alveolar structure disruption and collagen deposition in the C57 mouse model. MLB was also found to inhibit transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)-stimulated myofibroblastic transdifferentiation of human lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5) cells and collagen production by human type II alveolar epithelial cell line (A549) cells, mainly by decreasing the expression of TGF-β receptor I (TGF-βRI) and regulating the TGF-β/Smad pathway. Further studies confirmed that the molecular mechanisms of MLB in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice were similar to those observed in vitro. In summary, our results demonstrated that MLB could alleviate experimental pulmonary fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that MLB has great potential for pulmonary fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (T.Z.); (H.P.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiangqiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (T.Z.); (H.P.)
| | - Yaru Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (T.Z.); (H.P.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (T.Z.); (H.P.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhitao Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210033, China;
| | - Huige Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (T.Z.); (H.P.)
| | - Lijiang Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (T.Z.); (H.P.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (G.P.)
| | - Guoyu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (T.Z.); (H.P.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (G.P.)
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18
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p53: A Key Protein That Regulates Pulmonary Fibrosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6635794. [PMID: 33312337 PMCID: PMC7721501 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6635794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressively aggravating lethal disease that is a serious public health concern. Although the incidence of this disease is increasing, there is a lack of effective therapies. In recent years, the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis has become a research hotspot. p53 is a tumor suppressor gene with crucial roles in cell cycle, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, and malignant transformation. Previous studies on p53 have predominantly focused on its role in neoplastic disease. Following in-depth investigation, several studies have linked it to pulmonary fibrosis. This review covers the association between p53 and pulmonary fibrosis, with the aim of providing novel ideas to improve the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Zheng H, Yang Z, Xin Z, Yang Y, Yu Y, Cui J, Liu H, Chen F. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β: a promising candidate in the fight against fibrosis. Theranostics 2020; 10:11737-11753. [PMID: 33052244 PMCID: PMC7545984 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis exists in almost all organs/tissues of the human body, plays an important role in the occurrence and development of diseases and is also a hallmark of the aging process. However, there is no effective prevention or therapeutic method for fibrogenesis. As a serine/threonine (Ser/Thr)-protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is a vital signaling mediator that participates in a variety of biological events and can inhibit extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, thereby exerting its protective role against the fibrosis of various organs/tissues, including the heart, lung, liver, and kidney. Moreover, we further present the upstream regulators and downstream effectors of the GSK-3β pathway during fibrosis and comprehensively summarize the roles of GSK-3β in the regulation of fibrosis and provide several potential targets for research. Collectively, the information reviewed here highlights recent advances vital for experimental research and clinical development, illuminating the possibility of GSK-3β as a novel therapeutic target for the management of tissue fibrosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxue Zheng
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhenlong Xin
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jihong Cui
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Fulin Chen
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
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Chen Y, Zhang F, Wang D, Li L, Si H, Wang C, Liu J, Chen Y, Cheng J, Lu Y. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Diabetic Lung Fibrosis via Adjusting Sirt3-Mediated Stress Responses in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8076105. [PMID: 32089781 PMCID: PMC7024095 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8076105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes affects a variety of organs such as the kidneys, eyes, and liver, and there is increasing evidence that the lung is also one of the target organs of diabetes and imbalance of Sirt3-mediated stress responses such as inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and ER stress may contribute to diabetic lung fibrosis. Although previous studies have reported that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have beneficial effects on various diabetic complications, the effect and mechanisms of MSCs on diabetes-induced lung injury are not clear. In this study, the STZ-induced diabetes model was constructed in rats, and the effect and potential mechanisms of bone marrow MSCs on diabetic lung fibrosis were investigated. The results revealed that fibrotic changes in the lung were successfully induced in the diabetic rats, while MSCs significantly inhibited or even reversed the changes. Specifically, MSCs upregulated the expression levels of Sirt3 and SOD2 and then activated the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, thereby controlling MDA, GSH content, and iNOS and NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox expression levels in the lung tissue. Meanwhile, high levels of Sirt3 and SOD2 induced by MSCs reduced the expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, ICAM-1, and MMP9 by suppressing the NF-κB/HMGB1/NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling pathway, as well as regulating the expression levels of cleaved caspasese-3, Bax, and Bcl2 by upregulating the expression level of P-Akt, thereby inhibiting the apoptosis of the lung tissue. In addition, MSCs also regulated the expression levels of LC3, P62, BiP, Chop, and PERK, thereby enhancing autophagy and attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Taken together, our results suggest that MSCs effectively attenuate diabetic lung fibrosis via adjusting Sirt3-mediated responses, including inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, providing a theoretical foundation for further exploration of MSC-based diabetic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fuping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Di Wang
- Research Core Facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lan Li
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haibo Si
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengshi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Younan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Zhang C, Yu Y, Huang Q, Tang K. SIRT6 regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1575-1582. [PMID: 31257493 PMCID: PMC6625461 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer, and exhibits a high mortality rate. Sirtuin (SIRT)6 is a member of the sirtuin family, which may be useful targets in the treatment of tumors. The present study aimed to explore the expression of SIRT6 in numerous HCC cell lines and investigate the role of SIRT6 in the proliferation and apoptosis of the HCC cells, and the underlying mechanisms. Overexpression and silencing of SIRT6 were performed by transfection of Huh‑7 cells with synthetic overexpression and small interfering RNA (siRNA) plasmids. Cell proliferation was evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay. The apoptosis rate was measured via flow cytometry. Cloning efficiency was assessed using plate clone formation assays. The expression of mRNAs and proteins were determined via reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blot analyses, respectively. SIRT6 was overexpressed in Hep3B, Huh‑7, MHCC‑97H, MHCC‑97L, MHCC‑LM6, MHCC‑LM3, YY‑8103 and SK‑hep‑1 cell lines, compared with MIHA and HL‑7702 normal liver cell lines. Overexpression of SIRT6 increased the proliferation of Huh‑7 cells, upregulated the expression of Bcl‑2 and phosphorylation of extracellular‑signal regulated protein kinase (ERK), and decreased the expression of cleaved‑caspase‑3 and Bcl‑2‑associated X protein (Bax) in Huh‑7 cells. siRNA‑mediated silencing of SIRT6 decreased the proliferation and increased the apoptosis of Huh‑7 cells, downregulated the expression of Bcl‑2 and phosphorylated‑ERK, and promoted the expression of cleaved‑caspase‑3 and Bax. The proliferation of Huh‑7 cells was decreased using the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126. The results suggested that SIRT6 affected the proliferation and apoptosis of HCC cells via the regulation of the ERK1/2 pathway, altering the activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. SIRT6 may be a potential target for the treatment of HCC; however, its role requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuisheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Qingxian Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Kun Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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