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Stepanenko V, Shinkarev S, Kaprin A, Apsalikov K, Ivanov S, Shegay P, Ostroumova E, Kesminiene A, Lipikhina A, Bogacheva V, Zhumadilov K, Yamamoto M, Sakaguchi A, Endo S, Fujimoto N, Grosche B, Iatsenko V, Androsova A, Apsalikova Z, Kawano N, Hoshi M. Comparison of external dose estimates using different retrospective dosimetry methods in the settlements located near Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site, Republic of Kazakhstan. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2024; 65:36-46. [PMID: 37981331 PMCID: PMC10803160 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
For correct assessment of health risks after low-dose irradiation, calculation of radiation exposure estimates is crucial. To verify the calculated absorbed doses, instrumental methods of retrospective dosimetry are used. We compared calculated and instrumental-based estimates of external absorbed doses in the residents of Dolon, Mostik and Cheremushki villages, Kazakhstan, affected by the first nuclear weapon test performed at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS) on August 29, 1949. The 'instrumental' doses were retrospectively estimated using the Luminescence Retrospective Dosimetry (LRD) and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) methods. Correlation between the calculated individual cumulative external absorbed whole-body doses based on typical input data and ESR-based individual doses in the same people was strong (r = 0.782). It was even stronger between the calculated doses based on individual questionnaires' input data and the ESR-based doses (r = 0.940). Application of the LRD method is useful for validation of the calculated settlement-average cumulated external absorbed dose to air. Reconstruction of external exposure can be supplemented with the data from later measurements of soil contamination with long-lived radionuclides, such as, 137Cs. Our results show the reliability of the calculational method used for the retrospective assessment of individual external doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy Stepanenko
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre - Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Koroleva St., Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 2490036, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Shinkarev
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 46 Zhivopisnaya St., Moscow, 123098, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Kaprin
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Koroleva St., Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 2490036, Russian Federation
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
- P.A. Hertzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute-branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2nd Botkinsky Drive 3, Moscow, 125284, Russian Federation
| | - Kazbek Apsalikov
- Scientific Research Institute of Radiation Medicine and Ecology of the non-commercial joint-stock company «Semey Medical University», 258 Gagarin St., Semey, 071407, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Sergey Ivanov
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre - Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Koroleva St., Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 2490036, Russian Federation
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Peter Shegay
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Koroleva St., Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 2490036, Russian Federation
| | - Evgenia Ostroumova
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/WHO, 25 avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon, 69366, France
| | - Ausrele Kesminiene
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/WHO, 25 avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon, 69366, France
| | - Alexandra Lipikhina
- Scientific Research Institute of Radiation Medicine and Ecology of the non-commercial joint-stock company «Semey Medical University», 258 Gagarin St., Semey, 071407, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Viktoria Bogacheva
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre - Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Koroleva St., Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 2490036, Russian Federation
| | - Kassym Zhumadilov
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, 13 Munaitpasova St., office 300, Astana, 010008, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Masayoshi Yamamoto
- Low-Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Wakemachi O24, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1224, Japan
| | - Aya Sakaguchi
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Satoru Endo
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University 1-4-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Nariaki Fujimoto
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Bernd Grosche
- Consultant, formerly: Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Germany, Grasmueckenweg 19, 85356 Freising, Germany
| | - Vladimir Iatsenko
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 46 Zhivopisnaya St., Moscow, 123098, Russian Federation
| | - Alla Androsova
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 46 Zhivopisnaya St., Moscow, 123098, Russian Federation
| | - Zukhra Apsalikova
- Scientific Research Institute of Radiation Medicine and Ecology of the non-commercial joint-stock company «Semey Medical University», 258 Gagarin St., Semey, 071407, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Noriyuki Kawano
- The Center for Peace, Hiroshima University Higashisenda-machi 1-1-89, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, 730-0053, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hoshi
- The Center for Peace, Hiroshima University Higashisenda-machi 1-1-89, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, 730-0053, Japan
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Swartz HM, Flood AB. EPR biodosimetry: challenges and opportunities. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:1441-1449. [PMID: 37721062 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper briefly examines electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques to measure dose from exposure to external radiation, assessing their current status, potential future uses and the challenges impacting their progress. We conclude the uses and potential value of different EPR techniques depend on the number of victims and whether they characterize short- or long-term risks from exposure. For large populations, EPR biodosimetry based on in vivo measurements or using co-located inanimate objects offer the greatest promise for assessing acute, life-threatening risk and the magnitude and extent of such risk. To assess long-term risk, ex vivo EPR methods using concentrated enamel from exfoliated teeth are most impactful. For small groups, ex vivo EPR biodosimetry based on available samples of teeth, nails and/or bones are most useful. The most important challenges are common to all approaches: improve the technique's technical capabilities and advance recognition by planning groups of the relative strengths EPR techniques offer for each population size. The most useful applications are likely to be for triage and medical guidance in large events and for radiation epidemiology to evaluate long-term risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold M Swartz
- Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Clin-EPR, LLC, Lyme, NH, USA
| | - Ann Barry Flood
- Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Clin-EPR, LLC, Lyme, NH, USA
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Giussani A, Lopez MA, Romm H, Testa A, Ainsbury EA, Degteva M, Della Monaca S, Etherington G, Fattibene P, Güclu I, Jaworska A, Lloyd DC, Malátová I, McComish S, Melo D, Osko J, Rojo A, Roch-Lefevre S, Roy L, Shishkina E, Sotnik N, Tolmachev SY, Wieser A, Woda C, Youngman M. Eurados review of retrospective dosimetry techniques for internal exposures to ionising radiation and their applications. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2020; 59:357-387. [PMID: 32372284 PMCID: PMC7369133 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-020-00845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This work presents an overview of the applications of retrospective dosimetry techniques in case of incorporation of radionuclides. The fact that internal exposures are characterized by a spatially inhomogeneous irradiation of the body, which is potentially prolonged over large periods and variable over time, is particularly problematic for biological and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetry methods when compared with external exposures. The paper gives initially specific information about internal dosimetry methods, the most common cytogenetic techniques used in biological dosimetry and EPR dosimetry applied to tooth enamel. Based on real-case scenarios, dose estimates obtained from bioassay data as well as with biological and/or EPR dosimetry are compared and critically discussed. In most of the scenarios presented, concomitant external exposures were responsible for the greater portion of the received dose. As no assay is available which can discriminate between radiation of different types and different LETs on the basis of the type of damage induced, it is not possible to infer from these studies specific conclusions valid for incorporated radionuclides alone. The biological dosimetry assays and EPR techniques proved to be most applicable in cases when the radionuclides are almost homogeneously distributed in the body. No compelling evidence was obtained in other cases of extremely inhomogeneous distribution. Retrospective dosimetry needs to be optimized and further developed in order to be able to deal with real exposure cases, where a mixture of both external and internal exposures will be encountered most of the times.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giussani
- BfS-Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany.
| | - M A Lopez
- CIEMAT - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Av.da Complutense 40, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - H Romm
- BfS-Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - A Testa
- ENEA Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, Santa Maria di Galeria, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - E A Ainsbury
- Public Health England - Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, Oxon, UK
| | - M Degteva
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine (URCRM), Vorovskt str. 68A, Chelyabinsk, 454141, Russia
| | - S Della Monaca
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - G Etherington
- Public Health England - Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, Oxon, UK
| | - P Fattibene
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - I Güclu
- Cekmece Nuclear Research and Training Center Radiobiology Unit Yarımburgaz, Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Jaworska
- DSA-Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Skøyen, P. O. Box 329, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - D C Lloyd
- Public Health England - Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, Oxon, UK
| | - I Malátová
- SURO-National Radiation Protection Institute, Bartoskova 28, 14000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S McComish
- US Transuranium and Uranium Registries, Washington State University, Richland, WA, USA
| | - D Melo
- Melohill Technology, 1 Research Court, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - J Osko
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, A. Soltana 7, 05400, Otwock, Poland
| | - A Rojo
- ARN-Nuclear Regulatory Authority of Argentina, Av. del Libertador 8250, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Roch-Lefevre
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, Pôle Santé et Environnement, Direction de la Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - L Roy
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, Pôle Santé et Environnement, Direction de la Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - E Shishkina
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine (URCRM), Vorovskt str. 68A, Chelyabinsk, 454141, Russia
- Chelyabinsk State University (ChelSU), 129, Bratiev Kashirinih Street, Chelyabinsk, 454001, Russia
| | - N Sotnik
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Region, 456780, Russia
| | - S Y Tolmachev
- US Transuranium and Uranium Registries, Washington State University, Richland, WA, USA
| | - A Wieser
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C Woda
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M Youngman
- Public Health England - Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, Oxon, UK
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Zhumadilov KS, Ivannikov AI, Stepanenko VF, Toyoda S, Skvortsov VG, Hoshi M. EPR DOSIMETRY STUDY FOR POPULATION RESIDING IN THE VICINITY OF FALLOUT TRACE FOR NUCLEAR TEST ON 7 AUGUST 1962. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 172:260-264. [PMID: 27473700 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The method of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetry using extracted teeth has been applied to human tooth enamel to obtain individual absorbed doses of residents of settlements in the vicinity of the central axis of radioactive fallout trace from the contaminating surface nuclear test on 7 August 1962. Most of the settlements (Kurchatov, Akzhar, Begen, Buras, Grachi, Mayskoe, Semenovka) are located from 70 to 120 km to the North-East from the epicenter of the explosion at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS). This region is basically an agricultural region. A total of 57 teeth samples were collected from these sites. Eight teeth from residents of the Kokpekty settlement, which was not subjected to any radioactive contamination and located 400 km to the Southeast from SNTS, were chosen as a control. The principal findings, using this method, were that the average excess dose obtained after subtraction of the natural background radiation was 13 mGy and ranged up to about 100 mGy all for residents in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassym Sh Zhumadilov
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Munaitpasova Str.,13, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Shin Toyoda
- Department of Applied Physics Faculty of Science Okayama University of Science , 700-0005, Japan
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Bailiff I, Sholom S, McKeever S. Retrospective and emergency dosimetry in response to radiological incidents and nuclear mass-casualty events: A review. RADIAT MEAS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Imanaka T, Yamamoto M, Kawai K, Sakaguchi A, Hoshi M, Chaizhunusova N, Apsalikov K. Reconstruction of local fallout composition and gamma-ray exposure in a village contaminated by the first USSR nuclear test in the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site in Kazakhstan. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2010; 49:673-684. [PMID: 20532543 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-010-0301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
After the disintegration of the USSR in end of 1991, it became possible for foreign scientists to visit Kazakhstan, in order to investigate the radiological consequences of nuclear explosions that had been conducted at the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site (SNTS). Since the first visit in 1994, our group has been continuing expeditions for soil sampling at various areas around SNTS. The current level of local fallout at SNTS was studied through γ-spectrometry for (137)Cs as well as α-spectrometry for (239,240)Pu. Average values of soil inventory from wide areas around SNTS were 3,500 and 3,700 Bq m(-2) for (137)Cs and (239,240)Pu, respectively, as of January 1, 2000. The average level of (137)Cs is comparable to that in Japan due to global fallout, while the level of (239,240)Pu is several tens of times larger than that in Japan. Areas of strong contamination were found along the trajectories of radioactive fallout, information on which was declassified after the collapse of the USSR. Our recent efforts of soil sampling were concentrated on the area around the Dolon village heavily affected by the radioactive plume from the first USSR atomic bomb test in 1949 and located 110 km east from ground zero of the explosion. Using soil inventory data, retrospective dosimetry was attempted by reconstructing γ-ray exposure from fission product nuclides deposited on the ground. Adopting representative parameters for the initial (137)Cs deposition (13 kBq m(-2)), the refractory/volatile deposition ratio (3.8) and the plume arrival time after explosion (2.5 h), an absorbed dose in air of 600 mGy was obtained for the 1-year cumulative dose in Dolon village, due to the first bomb test in 1949. Considering possible ranges of the parameters, 350 and 910 mGy were estimated for high and low cases of γ-ray dose in air, respectively. It was encouraging that the deduced value was consistent with other estimations using thermal luminescence and archived monitoring data. The present method can be applied to other settlements affected by local fallout from SNTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuji Imanaka
- Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Sennan-gun, Osaka, Japan.
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Thompson JW, Atiya IA, Rink WJ, Boreham D. Potential use of wallboard (drywall) for EPR retrospective dosimetry. RADIAT MEAS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2009.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Exposure subpopulations and peculiarities of individual dose distributions among inhabitants of the Semipalatinsk region. RADIAT MEAS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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