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Kusumoto T, Mori Y, Kodaira S, Kanasaki M, Barillon R, Yamauchi T. Application of polyimide films as a nuclear track detector (2): A latent track structure study with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 204:111125. [PMID: 38056283 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the relation between latent track structure and the detection threshold of etch pits formation in UPILEX-S® and Kapton. At the similar stopping power value, effective track core radii and G values for heavier ions are lower than those of lighter ions. These results would be due to the difference of the radial dose distribution for low- and high-velocity ions. The G value starts more rapidly rising above 600 and 1000 keV/μm for Kapton and UPILEX-S®, respectively. The detection threshold of UPILEX-S is 4000 keV/μm for Ar ions, at which effective track core radii of all functional groups are larger than 2 nm. Since the length of a molecule unit of UPILEX-S® is about 1.4 nm, at least more than two molecule units have to be damaged for the etch pit formation. A similar discussion is applicable to Kapton, whose detection threshold is significantly lower than UPILEX-S®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamon Kusumoto
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, 263-8555, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Mori
- Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, 5-1-1 Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, 658-0022, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kodaira
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, 263-8555, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masato Kanasaki
- Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, 5-1-1 Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, 658-0022, Kobe, Japan
| | - Rémi Barillon
- Institute Pluridisiplinaire Hubert Curien, 23 Rue du Loess, 67037, Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France
| | - Tomoya Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, 5-1-1 Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, 658-0022, Kobe, Japan
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Kusumoto T, Fromm M, Cloutier P, Bass AD, Sanche L, Kodaira S. Revealing the mechanism of damage to the carbonate ester in PADC polymeric nuclear track detector using low-energy electron stimulated desorption. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:30412-30418. [PMID: 37916504 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04282k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the mechanism of damage to the carbonate ester chemical functions in Poly allyl diglycol carbonate (PADC) induced by low-energy electrons (LEEs) of <50 eV, which are major components of the initial secondary products of ionizing radiation. PADC is the world's most widely used polymeric nuclear track detector (PNTD) for swift ion detection. Using diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate as a surrogate for PADC, we have measured for irradiation with low-energy electrons (LEEs) of <50 eV, the electron stimulated desorption (ESD) signal of O- from 3-monolayer thick films of DGMEA by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We find that for electron irradiation at energies >6-9 eV, the instantaneous ESD yield of O- increases with the cumulative number of incident electrons (i.e., fluence), indicating that the additional O- signal derives from an electron-induced DGMEA product. From comparison with ESD measurements from films of acetic acid and acetaldehyde, we identify that the additional desorbed O- signal derives from oxygen atoms originally adjacent to the carbonyl bond in DGMEA. Since LEEs are the predominant secondary particles produced by ionizing radiation, this finding helps to better understand the mechanism of damage to carbonate ester in PADC, which is a key step for latent track formation in PADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamon Kusumoto
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, 263-8555 Chiba, Japan
| | - Michel Fromm
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, F-2530 Besançon Cedex, France.
| | - Pierre Cloutier
- Départment de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Andrew D Bass
- Départment de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Léon Sanche
- Départment de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Satoshi Kodaira
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, 263-8555 Chiba, Japan
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Elkalashy S, Abd El-Kareem MS, Rashad A, Zaki M. Spectroscopic analysis of fragment products from gamma irradiated poly allyl diglycol carbonate. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang X, Dutt S, Notthoff C, Kiy A, Mota-Santiago P, Mudie ST, Toimil-Molares ME, Liu F, Wang Y, Kluth P. SAXS data modelling for the characterisation of ion tracks in polymers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9345-9359. [PMID: 35383785 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05813d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present new models to fit small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data for the characterization of ion tracks in polymers. Ion tracks in polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polyimide (PI) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were created by swift heavy ion irradiation using 197Au and 238U with energies between 185 MeV and 2.0 GeV. Transmission SAXS measurements were performed at the Australian Synchrotron. SAXS data were analysed using two new models that describe the tracks by a cylindrical structure composed of a highly damaged core with a gradual transition to the undamaged material. First, we investigate the 'Soft Cylinder Model', which assumes a smooth function to describe the transition region by a gradual change in density from a core to a matrix. As a simplified and computational less expensive version of the 'Soft Cylinder Model', the 'Core Transition Model' was developed to enable fast fitting. This model assumes a linear increase in density from the core to the matrix. Both models yield superior fits to the experimental SAXS data compared with the often-used simple 'Hard Cylinder Model' assuming a constant density with an abrupt transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.,Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Shankar Dutt
- Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Christian Notthoff
- Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Alexander Kiy
- Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Pablo Mota-Santiago
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Rd, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Stephen T Mudie
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Rd, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Maria E Toimil-Molares
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung (GSI), Planckstr. 1, D-64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.,Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yugang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Patrick Kluth
- Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
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Saad A, Fromm M, Ibraheim MH, El-Namrouty A, Nwara AM, Kandil S, Dawood MS. Loss of chemical bonds induced by high doses of γ-radiation in a PADC polymer film: The influence of dose and dose rate on radiation chemical yields. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Examining features of radiation-induced damage to PADC observed using FT-IR analysis: Radiation tolerance of methine groups at three-way junctions. RADIAT MEAS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2021.106645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Methodological and Conceptual Progresses in Studies on the Latent Tracks in PADC. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162665. [PMID: 34451202 PMCID: PMC8398540 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified structure along latent tracks and track formation process have been investigated in poly (allyl diglycol carbonate), PADC, which is well recognized as a sensitive etched track detector. This knowledge is essential to develop novel detectors with improved track registration property. The track structures of protons and heavy ions (He, C, Ne, Ar, Fe, Kr and Xe) have been examined by means of FT-IR spectrometry, covering the stopping power region between 1.2 to 12,000 eV/nm. Through a set of experiments on low-LET radiations—such as gamma ray-, multi-step damage process by electron hits was confirmed in the radiation-sensitive parts of the PADC repeat-unit. From this result, we unveiled for the first-time the layered structure in tracks, in relation with the number of secondary electrons. We also proved that the etch pit was formed when at least two repeat-units were destroyed along the track radial direction. To evaluate the number of secondary electrons around the tracks, a series of numerical simulations were performed with Geant4-DNA. Therefore, we are proposing new physical criterions to describe the detection thresholds. Furthermore, we propose a present issue of the definition of detection threshold for semi-relativistic C ions. Additionally, as a possible chemical criterion, formation density of hydroxyl group is suggested to express the response of PADC.
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Kusumoto T, Barillon R, Okada S, Yamauchi T, Kodaira S. Improved criterion of the mechanism for forming latent tracks in poly(allyl diglycol carbonate) based on the number of interactions induced by secondary electrons. RADIAT MEAS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2020.106445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kusumoto T, Okada S, Kurashige H, Kobayashi K, Fromm M, Raffy Q, Ludwig N, Kanasaki M, Oda K, Honda Y, Tojo S, Groetz JE, Ogawara R, Kodaira S, Barillon R, Yamauchi T. Evidence for a critical dose above which damage to carbonate ester bonds in PADC appear after gamma ray and ultra soft X-ray exposures. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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The role of molecular and radical mobility in the creation of CO2 molecules and OH groups in PADC irradiated with C and O ions. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kusumoto T, Mori Y, Kanasaki M, Oda K, Kodaira S, Barillon R, Yamauchi T. Drastic decrease of carbonyl group after the loss of ether in PADC exposed to 222 nm UV photons. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Fromm M, Kodaira S, Kusumoto T, Barillon R, Yamauchi T. Role of intermediate species in the formation of ion tracks in PADC: A review. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Radial electron fluence around ion tracks as a new physical parameter for the detection threshold of PADC using Geant4-DNA toolkit. RADIAT MEAS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yamauchi T, Kusumoto T, Ueno T, Mori Y, Kanasaki M, Oda K, Kodaira S, Barillon R. Distinct step-like changes in G values for the losses of typical functional groups in poly(ethylene terephthalate) along boron ion tracks around the detection threshold. RADIAT MEAS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kusumoto T, Mori Y, Kanasaki M, Ikenaga R, Oda K, Kodaira S, Kitamura H, Barillon R, Yamauchi T. Radiation chemical yields for the losses of typical functional groups in PADC films for high energy protons registered as unetchable tracks. RADIAT MEAS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2016.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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A first attempt to simulate oxidization effects on latent track structure in PADC combining the radial dose theory and a radio-oxidation kinetic model. RADIAT MEAS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Yields on the formation of OH groups and the loss of CH groups along nuclear tracks in PADC films. RADIAT MEAS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fromm M, Quinto MA, Weck PF, Champion C. Low energy electrons and swift ion track structure in PADC. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Hassan NM, Matai Y, Kusumoto T, Mori Y, Kanasaki M, Oda K, Kitamura H, Konishi T, Kodaira S, Yasuda N, Yamauchi T. On the mechanism of the sensitization of PADC (poly(allyl diglycol carbonate)) track detectors by carbon dioxide treatment. RADIAT MEAS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chemical cross sections induced by ions in solid organic detectors: Experimentation and simulation. RADIAT MEAS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Vacuum effects on the radiation chemical yields in PADC films exposed to gamma rays and heavy ions. RADIAT MEAS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yamauchi T, Kaifu S, Mori Y, Kanasaki M, Oda K, Kodaira S, Konishi T, Yasuda N, Barillon R. Applicability of the polyimide films as an SSNTD material. RADIAT MEAS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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