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Cokelaere C, Dok R, Cortesi EE, Zhao P, Sablina A, Nuyts S, Derua R, Janssens V. TIPRL1 and its ATM-dependent phosphorylation promote radiotherapy resistance in head and neck cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:793-818. [PMID: 37971644 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00895-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE TIPRL1 (target of rapamycin signaling pathway regulator-like 1) is a known interactor and inhibitor of protein phosphatases PP2A, PP4 and PP6 - all pleiotropic modulators of the DNA Damage Response (DDR). Here, we investigated the role of TIPRL1 in the radiotherapy (RT) response of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS TIPRL1 mRNA (cBioportal) and protein expression (immunohistochemistry) in HNSCC samples were linked with clinical patient data. TIPRL1-depleted HNSCC cells were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 editing, and effects on colony growth, micronuclei formation (microscopy), cell cycle (flow cytometry), DDR signaling (immunoblots) and proteome (mass spectrometry) following RT were assessed. Mass spectrometry was used for TIPRL1 phosphorylation and interactomics analysis in irradiated cells. RESULTS TIPRL1 expression was increased in tumor versus non-tumor tissue, with high tumoral TIPRL1 expression associating with lower locoregional control and decreased survival of RT-treated patients. TIPRL1 deletion in HNSCC cells resulted in increased RT sensitivity, a faster but prolonged cell cycle arrest, increased micronuclei formation and an altered proteome-wide DDR. Upon irradiation, ATM phosphorylates TIPRL1 at Ser265. A non-phospho Ser265Ala mutant could not rescue the increased radiosensitivity phenotype of TIPRL1-depleted cells. While binding to PP2A-like phosphatases was confirmed, DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs), RAD51 recombinase and nucleosomal histones were identified as novel TIPRL1 interactors. Histone binding, although stimulated by RT, was adversely affected by TIPRL1 Ser265 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore a clinically relevant role for TIPRL1 and its ATM-dependent phosphorylation in RT resistance through modulation of the DDR, highlighting its potential as a new HNSCC predictive marker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célie Cokelaere
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rüveyda Dok
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emanuela E Cortesi
- Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peihua Zhao
- VIB Laboratory of Mechanisms of Cell Transformation, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Sablina
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Laboratory of Mechanisms of Cell Transformation, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Nuyts
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rita Derua
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- SybioMA, Proteomics Core Facility, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Janssens
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Hill RM, Li C, Hughes JR, Rocha S, Grundy GJ, Parsons JL. Autophagy is the main driver of radioresistance of HNSCC cells in mild hypoxia. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18482. [PMID: 38899556 PMCID: PMC11187736 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia poses a significant challenge to the effectiveness of radiotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients, and it is imperative to discover novel approaches to overcome this. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms contributing to x-ray radioresistance in HPV-negative HNSCC cells under mild hypoxic conditions (1% oxygen) and explored the potential for autophagy modulation as a promising therapeutic strategy. Our findings show that HNSCC cells exposed to mild hypoxic conditions exhibit increased radioresistance, which is largely mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway. We demonstrate that siRNA knockdown of HIF-1α and HIF-1β leads to increased radiosensitivity in HNSCC cells under hypoxia. Hypoxia-induced radioresistance was not attributed to differences in DNA double strand break repair kinetics, as these remain largely unchanged under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Rather, we identify autophagy as a critical protective mechanism in HNSCC cells following irradiation under mild hypoxia conditions. Targeting key autophagy genes, such as BECLIN1 and BNIP3/3L, using siRNA sensitizes these cells to irradiation. Whilst autophagy's role in hypoxic radioresistance remains controversial, this study highlights the importance of autophagy modulation as a potential therapeutic approach to enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna M. Hill
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Chun Li
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Jonathan R. Hughes
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Gabrielle J. Grundy
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Jason L. Parsons
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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Lilja-Fischer JK, Kristensen MH, Lassen P, Steiniche T, Tramm T, Stougaard M, Maare C, Johansen J, Primdahl H, Kristensen CA, Andersen M, Eriksen JG, Overgaard J. HPV testing versus p16 immunohistochemistry in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: results from the DAHANCA 19 study. Acta Oncol 2023; 62:1384-1388. [PMID: 37837201 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2023.2266127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prognosis after primary (chemo-)radiotherapy for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is affected by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) status, with a better prognosis in HPV-positive OPSCC. HPV-status is routinely assessed by p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC), but additional HPV DNA testing is debated. Also, there are numerous HPV genotypes, which prognostic role may need clarification. The purpose of this study was: (1) to test a custom-made targeted HPV next generation sequencing (NGS) panel in OPSCC, (2) to determine correlation with p16 IHC, and (3) to assess the impact of HPV DNA testing on outcome in the prospectively randomized clinical trial DAHANCA 19. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 271 patients with OPSCC treated with primary (chemo-)radiotherapy in the DAHANCA 19 trial. Of these, 199 (73%) were p16-positive. HPV-status was determined by targeted HPV next generation sequencing (NGS), using a custom-made HPV genotyping panel. RESULTS HPV was detected in 194 tumor samples. p16 IHC and NGS HPV status were concordant in 265 (98%) of 271 patients, whereas we did not detect HPV DNA in 5 p16-positive tumors. HPV16 accounted for 169 of 194 HPV-positive cases (87%). HPV genotypes 18, 31, 33, 35, and 59 were also detected.Loco-regional failure and overall survival were similar whether patients were separated by p16 IHC, or HPV DNA status (p < 0.0001 for all) and did not depend on HPV genotype (p = 0.9 and p = 0.7). CONCLUSION In the present study, HPV DNA testing or typing in a Danish OPSCC cohort did not add additional information to p16 IHC, the most widely used and accepted prognostic indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Kinggaard Lilja-Fischer
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Pernille Lassen
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Steiniche
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine Tramm
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Magnus Stougaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jørgen Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hanne Primdahl
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Maria Andersen
- Department of Oncology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jesper Grau Eriksen
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Overgaard
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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FDCSP Is an Immune-Associated Prognostic Biomarker in HPV-Positive Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101458. [PMID: 36291667 PMCID: PMC9599724 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSC) poses a major threat to human life. The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the initiation and progression of HNSC is becoming more widely accepted. HPV-positive (HPV+) HNSC has shown unique responses to cancer therapies, which may be due to differences in immune cell infiltration. It is critical to determine how the immune responses to HPV in HNSC are regulated. Methods: Transcriptome data of HNSC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed. Then, the CIBERSORT algorithm was used to calculate immune cell infiltration in HNSC. FDCSP expression level was detected by qPCR in the HNSC tissues collected from the Nanfang Hospital. Results: Follicular dendritic cell secreted protein (FDCSP) was highly expressed in HPV+ HNSC, and higher expression of FDSCP was associated with a favorable prognosis. In HPV+ HNSC samples, FDCSP significantly increased the proportion of T follicular helper cells (TFHs). FDCSP expression was also found to be associated with TP53 mutation status in HPV+ HNSC. The function of FDCSP was intimately connected to chemokine pathways, particularly with the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13). We verified that the high expression of FDCSP in HPV+ HNSC and higher FDCSP is closely related to prognosis in HNSC samples we collected by qPCR. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings may provide fresh evidence that FDCSP is a potential chemokine-associated prognostic biomarker in HPV+ HNSC.
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Hill RM, Rocha S, Parsons JL. Overcoming the Impact of Hypoxia in Driving Radiotherapy Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4130. [PMID: 36077667 PMCID: PMC9454974 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is very common in most solid tumours and is a driving force for malignant progression as well as radiotherapy and chemotherapy resistance. Incidences of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have increased in the last decade and radiotherapy is a major therapeutic technique utilised in the treatment of the tumours. However, effectiveness of radiotherapy is hindered by resistance mechanisms and most notably by hypoxia, leading to poor patient prognosis of HNSCC patients. The phenomenon of hypoxia-induced radioresistance was identified nearly half a century ago, yet despite this, little progress has been made in overcoming the physical lack of oxygen. Therefore, a more detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia and the underpinning radiobiological response of tumours to this phenotype is much needed. In this review, we will provide an up-to-date overview of how hypoxia alters molecular and cellular processes contributing to radioresistance, particularly in the context of HNSCC, and what strategies have and could be explored to overcome hypoxia-induced radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna M. Hill
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jason L. Parsons
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
- Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Clatterbridge Road, Bebington CH63 4JY, UK
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Wegge M, Dok R, Nuyts S. Hypoxia and Its Influence on Radiotherapy Response of HPV-Positive and HPV-Negative Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5959. [PMID: 34885069 PMCID: PMC8656584 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cancers are a heterogeneous group of cancers that arise from the upper aerodigestive tract. Etiologically, these tumors are linked to alcohol/tobacco abuse and infections with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV-positive HNSCCs are characterized by a different biology and also demonstrate better therapy response and survival compared to alcohol/tobacco-related HNSCCs. Despite this advantageous therapy response and the clear biological differences, all locally advanced HNSCCs are treated with the same chemo-radiotherapy schedules. Although we have a better understanding of the biology of both groups of HNSCC, the biological factors associated with the increased radiotherapy response are still unclear. Hypoxia, i.e., low oxygen levels because of an imbalance between oxygen demand and supply, is an important biological factor associated with radiotherapy response and has been linked with HPV infections. In this review, we discuss the effects of hypoxia on radiotherapy response, on the tumor biology, and the tumor microenvironment of HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCCs by pointing out the differences between these two tumor types. In addition, we provide an overview of the current strategies to detect and target hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Wegge
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.W.); (R.D.)
| | - Rüveyda Dok
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.W.); (R.D.)
| | - Sandra Nuyts
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.W.); (R.D.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Lassen P, Huang SH, Su J, Waldron J, Andersen M, Primdahl H, Johansen J, Kristensen CA, Andersen E, Eriksen JG, Hansen CR, Alsner J, Lilja-Fisher J, Bratman SV, Ringash J, Kim J, Hope A, Spreafico A, de Almeida J, Xu W, O'Sullivan B, Overgaard J. Treatment outcomes and survival following definitive (chemo)radiotherapy in HPV-positive oropharynx cancer: Large-scale comparison of DAHANCA vs PMH cohorts. Int J Cancer 2021; 150:1329-1340. [PMID: 34792199 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We compare outcomes in two large-scale contemporaneously treated HPV-positive (HPV+) oropharynx cancer (OPC) cohorts treated with definitive radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy (RT/CRT). p16-confirmed HPV+ OPC treated between 2007 and 2015 at PMH and DAHANCA were identified. Locoregional failure (LRF), distant metastasis (DM), and overall survival (OS) were compared. Multivariable analysis (MVA) calculated adjusted-hazard-ratio (aHR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI), adjusting for cohort, age, gender, performance status, smoking pack-years, T-category and N-category and chemotherapy. Compared to PMH (n = 701), DAHANCA (n = 1174) contained lower TNM-8T-categories (T1-T2: 77% vs 56%), N-categories (N0-N1: 77% vs 67%) and stages (stage I: 63% vs 44% (all P < .001). PMH used standard-fractionation CRT in 69% (481) while 31% (220) received hypofractionated or moderately accelerated RT-alone. All DAHANCA patients were treated with moderately accelerated RT; 96% (1129) received nimorazole (NIM) and 73% (856) concurrent weekly cisplatin. DAHANCA had shorter overall-treatment-time (P < .001), lower gross tumor (66-68 vs 70 Gy) and elective neck (50 vs 56 Gy) doses. Median follow-up was 4.8 years. DAHANCA had higher 5-year LRF (13% vs 7%, aHR = 0.47 [0.34-0.67]), comparable DM (7% vs 12%, aHR = 1.32 [0.95-1.82]), but better OS (85% vs 80%, aHR = 1.30 [1.01-1.68]). CRT patients had a lower risk of LRF (aHR 0.56 [0.39-0.82]), DM (aHR 0.70 [0.50-1.00]) and death (aHR 0.39 [0.29-0.52]) vs RT-alone. We observed exemplary outcomes for two large-scale trans-Atlantic HPV+ OPC cohorts treated in a similar manner. Concurrent chemotherapy was a strong, independent prognostic factor for all endpoints. Our findings underscore the need for a very careful approach to de-intensification of treatment for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Lassen
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Shao Hui Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Waldron
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Andersen
- Department of Oncology, Aalborg Univeristy Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hanne Primdahl
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Elo Andersen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Grau Eriksen
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jan Alsner
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob Lilja-Fisher
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Scott V Bratman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jolie Ringash
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Hope
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Spreafico
- Division of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John de Almeida
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian O'Sullivan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jens Overgaard
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Prognostic Significance of a Scoring System Combining p16, Smoking, and Drinking Status in a Series of 131 Patients with Oropharyngeal Cancers. Int J Otolaryngol 2021; 2021:8020826. [PMID: 34531914 PMCID: PMC8440106 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8020826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco and alcohol are two main risk factors associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Studies showed that human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a role in the etiology of this cancer. HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients present in general a better response to conventional therapy and better overall survival (OS). However, OSCC is a heterogeneous disease regarding treatment. This study aimed to identify more effective prognostic factors associated with a poor clinical outcome for OSCC patients to improve treatment selection. Materials and Methods OSCC patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2017, in two Belgian hospitals, were included. Demographic and clinicopathologic data were extracted from medical records. HPV status was determined through p16 immunohistochemistry. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses allowed to identify variables prognostic for OS and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Kaplan–Meier survival curves have been assessed for survival. Results The study included 131 patients. Statistics showed that monotherapies were significantly associated with a shorter OS; p16 overexpression was significantly associated with a weak consumption of tobacco or alcohol, and a high p16 expression was significantly associated with both longer RFS and OS. The study validated that tobacco and alcohol consumption were significantly correlated with poorer RFS and poorer OS. Only p16 expression trended to be significant for RFS when compared to smoking and drinking habits, while p16 upregulation and alcohol use were both vital for OS indicating that p16 is an independent and significant prognostic factor in OSCC patients. Finally, a scoring system combining p16, tobacco, and alcohol status was defined and was significantly associated with longer RFS and longer OS for nonsmoker and nondrinker p16-positive OSCC patients. Conclusions This study confirmed that the overexpression of the p16 protein could be viewed as a factor of good prognosis for RFS and OS of OSCC patients. The prognostic significance of a scoring system combining p16 expression, smoking, and drinking status was evaluated and concluded to be a more effective tool to determine therapeutic orientations based on the risk factors for better treatment relevance and survival.
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Lefèvre AC, Pallisgaard N, Kronborg C, Wind KL, Krag SRP, Spindler KLG. The Clinical Value of Measuring Circulating HPV DNA during Chemo-Radiotherapy in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anus. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102451. [PMID: 34070045 PMCID: PMC8158133 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is investigated in various cancers. In squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) is found in around 90% of cases and here, plasma HPV (pHPV) can be used as ctDNA. Preliminary data have proved the ability to detect pHPV16 and -18 in SCCA. We have developed a highly sensitive method for measurement of six relevant pHPV subtypes, to investigate the elimination pattern of pHPV during chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) for SCCA and its clinical value. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients treated at Aarhus University Hospital from 2016-2020 were included. P16 status in the primary biopsy was measured and 82% of patients had P16 positive tumor. Blood samples were collected prior to treatment (PT), mid treatment (MT), end of therapy (EOT), and during follow-up (FU). An in-house multiplex digital droplet PCR method measured pHPV subtypes 16, 18, 31, 33, 51, 58. RESULTS Samples from 88 patients were drawn PT (n = 73), MT (n = 72), EOT (n = 64) and during FU (n = 41). Plasma HPV was detectable in 52 patients and PT pHPV levels correlated to tumor stages. Three elimination patterns were observed during CRT with correlation to outcome: fast responders with no local or distant failures (0/12); slow responders with high risk of local failures (4/20), no distant failures; persistent molecular responders with high risk of distant failures (4/13), but no local failures, p < 0.01. CONCLUSION During CRT, pHPV can divide patients with SCCA into three groups with significantly different risk of failure. The use of pHPV can potentially assist in clinical treatment decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Lefèvre
- Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (A.C.L.); (K.L.W.)
| | - Niels Pallisgaard
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
| | | | - Karen L. Wind
- Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (A.C.L.); (K.L.W.)
| | - Søren R. P. Krag
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
| | - Karen-Lise G. Spindler
- Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (A.C.L.); (K.L.W.)
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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10
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Lassen P, Schou M, Overgaard J, Alsner J. Correlation and prognostic impact of human papilloma virus and p16-expression in advanced hypopharynx and larynx cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy. Acta Oncol 2021; 60:646-648. [PMID: 33583307 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2021.1885059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Lassen
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie Schou
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Overgaard
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Alsner
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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11
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Murakami N, Mori T, Machida R, Kodaira T, Ito Y, Shikama N, Konishi K, Matsumoto Y, Murakami Y, Nakamura N, Yamashita H, Yorozu A, Yoshimura M, Inoue K, Nozaki M, Ishikura S, Itami J, Nishimura Y, Kagami Y. Prognostic Value of Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecules in T1-2N0M0 Glottic Cancer. Laryngoscope 2020; 131:1522-1527. [PMID: 33369763 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This is an ancillary study of a multi-institutional randomized non-inferiority phase III trial of accelerated fractionation (AF) versus standard fractionation (SF) radiation therapy for T1-2N0M0 glottic cancer (JCOG0701). Biopsy specimens of tumors from the patients enrolled in the JCOG0701 are collected and the association between clinical outcomes and histopathologic features such as expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), p53, and p16 were investigated. METHODS Five slices of undyed slides from biopsy specimens were sent to the National Cancer Center Hospital and all the specimens were assessed for the expression of EpCAM, p53, and p16. The primary objective was to investigate the association between 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) and expression of EpCAM, p53, and p16. RESULTS A total of 88 out of 370 patients were enrolled in this ancillary study. The 3-year PFS for tumors with strong expression of EpCAM was 70.6% (95% CI 43.1%-86.6%), while that of tumors without strong expression of EpCAM was 77.5% (95% CI 65.9%-85.5%) with no remarkable difference between groups (P = .67). Likewise, there was no significant difference in 3-year PFS between tumors regardless of p53 or p16 status. However, in a subgroup analysis for 17 patients with a strong expression of EpCAM, AF showed better 3-year PFS than SF (100% vs 54.5%, P = .07). CONCLUSIONS From the current study, it could not be concluded that EpCAM, p16, and p53 were prognostic factors for early-stage glottic cancer after primary radiation therapy. AF might be an appropriate fractionation for tumors with a strong expression of EpCAM. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 131:1522-1527, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Murakami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Mori
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Machida
- Japan Clinical Oncology Group Data Center/Operations Office, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kodaira
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ito
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Shikama
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Konishi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Matsumoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuji Murakami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakamura
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Particle Therapy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | | | - Atsunori Yorozu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Yoshimura
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Inoue
- Division of Radiation Therapy, Tochigi Cancer Center, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Miwako Nozaki
- Department of Radiology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishikura
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Itami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kagami
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Danstrup CS, Marcussen M, Pedersen IS, Jacobsen H, Dybkær K, Gaihede M. DNA methylation biomarkers in peripheral blood of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. A systematic review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244101. [PMID: 33332423 PMCID: PMC7746174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are often diagnosed in advanced stages. In search of new diagnostic tools, focus has shifted towards the biological properties of the HNSCC, and the number of different biomarkers under investigation is rapidly growing. OBJECTIVES The objective was to review the current literature regarding aberrantly methylated DNA found in peripheral blood plasma or serum in patients with HNSCC and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of these changes. METHODS The inclusion criteria were clinical studies involving patients with verified HNSCC that reported findings of aberrantly methylated DNA in peripheral blood serum or plasma. We systematically searched PubMed, OVID Embase and Cochrane Library. In addition to the search, we performed forward and backward chaining in references and Web of Science. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42019135406. Two authors independently extracted data. The quality and the risk of bias of the included studies were assessed by the QUADAS-2 tool. RESULTS A total of 1,743 studies were found eligible for screening, while ultimately seven studies were included. All studies were found to have methodological weaknesses, mainly concerning patient selection bias. The best individual marker of HNSCC was Septin 9 in plasma with a sensitivity of 57% and a specificity of 95%. CONCLUSIONS None of the aberrantly methylated genes found in the retrieved studies are applicable as single diagnostic markers for HNSCC and the best gene-panels still lack diagnostic accuracy. Future studies may benefit from newer sequencing techniques but validation studies with well-designed cohorts are also needed in the process of developing epigenetic based diagnostic tests for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sander Danstrup
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mette Marcussen
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Inge Søkilde Pedersen
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Jacobsen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Karen Dybkær
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Michael Gaihede
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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13
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Reid P, Staudacher AH, Marcu LG, Olver I, Moghaddasi L, Brown MP, Li Y, Bezak E. Intrinsic Radiosensitivity Is Not the Determining Factor in Treatment Response Differences between HPV Negative and HPV Positive Head and Neck Cancers. Cells 2020; 9:E1788. [PMID: 32727072 PMCID: PMC7464531 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) resulting from human papillomavirus (HPV) are increasing in incidence but demonstrate significantly better treatment response than HNSCC from other causes such as tobacco and alcohol. This study sought to identify differences in HNSCC, intrinsic to HPV status, in their response to radiation dose. Previously unexamined changes in radio-responsiveness following fractionated X-ray irradiation were compared between HPV positive and negative statuses of HNSCC. Six HNSCC cell lines, 3 of each HPV status, were investigated for radiosensitivity by clonogenic assay and modelled by response as a function of dose. Generational cultures of each cell line were developed to follow changes in radiosensitivity after repeated irradiations simulating fractionated radiation therapy. As a group, the HPV positive cell lines were more radiosensitive, but with changes following repeated fractions of dose, and modelling of response as a function of dose, both statuses displayed large radiobiological heterogeneity. These findings challenge current radiobiological assumptions of head and neck cancers as early responding tissue to radiation and may go some way in explaining difficulties reaching consensus in stratification of treatment by HPV status. Consequently, results from this study do not support stratifying radiation therapy by HPV status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Reid
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (L.G.M.); (E.B.)
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
| | - Alexander H. Staudacher
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (A.H.S.); (M.P.B.)
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Loredana G. Marcu
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (L.G.M.); (E.B.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Ian Olver
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Leyla Moghaddasi
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
- Genesis Care, Adelaide Radiotherapy Centre, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Michael P. Brown
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (A.H.S.); (M.P.B.)
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Yanrui Li
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
| | - Eva Bezak
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (L.G.M.); (E.B.)
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
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14
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Lefèvre AC, Kronborg C, Sørensen BS, Krag SRP, Serup-Hansen E, Spindler KLG. Measurement of circulating free DNA in squamous cell carcinoma of the anus and relation to risk factors and recurrence. Radiother Oncol 2020; 150:211-216. [PMID: 32622778 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measuring circulating-free-deoxyribonucleic-acid (cfDNA) has created a new framework for personalized treatment in oncology. The aim of this study was to analyze the relation between cfDNA and risk factors and outcome in squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA). METHODS Patients treated with radiotherapy for localized SCCA were included in Aarhus, Denmark from 2016 to 2019. Serum samples from baseline, during and after therapy, were measured for the level of cfDNA in copies per mL by a direct fluorescent assay. RESULTS Eighty patients were included. Samples were available at baseline (n = 73) mid-therapy (n = 74), end-therapy (n = 67) and one-year follow-up (1Y) (n = 29). P16-positivity was found in 89% (n = 55). The median level of cfDNA was higher for P16 negative tumors (1.48) compared with the P16 positive tumors (0.90, P = 0.04). Data showed a correlation between baseline cfDNA levels and Gross Tumor Volume (R2 = 0.13, P < 0.01), and increasing levels with increasing T-stage (T1 = 0.80, T2 = 0.94, T3 = 1.11, T4 = 1.3). Higher cfDNA levels were observed in patients with poor performance status (P < 0.01). The cfDNA level decreased from baseline to mid-therapy (0.92-0.78, P < 0.01) and from baseline to 1Y (0.92-0.71, P < 0.01). Baseline levels for patients with treatment failure (n = 8) were above the 25th percentile (p = 0.05) which translates into difference in disease free survival. CONCLUSION Results indicate an association between baseline cfDNA levels and risk factors in SCCA and a low baseline level correlates to lower risk of treatment failure. Findings contribute with new knowledge of the biological role of cfDNA in SCCA and holds potential knowledge for personalized treatment of SCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camilla Kronborg
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Danish Centre for Particle Therapy, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Karen-Lise Garm Spindler
- Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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15
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Zhou C, Parsons JL. The radiobiology of HPV-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Expert Rev Mol Med 2020; 22:e3. [PMID: 32611474 PMCID: PMC7754878 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2020.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with reported incidences of ~800 000 cases each year. One of the critical determinants in patient response to radiotherapy, particularly for oropharyngeal cancers, is human papillomavirus (HPV) status where HPV-positive patients display improved survival rates and outcomes particularly because of increased responsiveness to radiotherapy. The increased radiosensitivity of HPV-positive HNSCC has been largely linked with defects in the signalling and repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Therefore, strategies to further radiosensitise HPV-positive HNSCC, but also radioresistant HPV-negative HNSCC, have focussed on targeting key DNA repair proteins including PARP, DNA-Pk, ATM and ATR. However, inhibitors against CHK1 and WEE1 involved in cell-cycle checkpoint activation have also been investigated as targets for radiosensitisation in HNSCC. These studies, largely conducted using established HNSCC cell lines in vitro, have demonstrated variability in the response dependent on the specific inhibitors and cell models utilised. However, promising results are evident targeting specifically PARP, DNA-Pk, ATR and CHK1 in synergising with radiation in HNSCC cell killing. Nevertheless, these preclinical studies require further expansion and investigation for translational opportunities for the effective treatment of HNSCC in combination with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chumin Zhou
- Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, 200 London Road, LiverpoolL3 9TA, UK
| | - Jason L. Parsons
- Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, 200 London Road, LiverpoolL3 9TA, UK
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16
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Krause M, Alsner J, Linge A, Bütof R, Löck S, Bristow R. Specific requirements for translation of biological research into clinical radiation oncology. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1569-1576. [PMID: 32175659 PMCID: PMC7332213 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy has been optimized over the last decades not only through technological advances, but also through the translation of biological knowledge into clinical treatment schedules. Optimization of fractionation schedules and/or the introduction of simultaneous combined systemic treatment have significantly improved tumour cure rates in several cancer types. With modern techniques, we are currently able to measure factors of radiation resistance or radiation sensitivity in patient tumours; the definition of new biomarkers is expected to further enable personalized treatments. In this Review article, we overview important translation paths and summarize the quality requirements for preclinical and translational studies that will help to avoid bias in trial results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mechthild Krause
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)Partner Site DresdenGermany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- OncoRay ‐ National Center for Radiation Research in OncologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav CarusHelmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden – RossendorfTU DresdenGermany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation OncologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav CarusTU DresdenGermany
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden ‐ RossendorfInstitute of Radiooncology – OncoRayDresdenGermany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), HeidelbergGermany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, DresdenGermany, and; Helmholtz Association / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR)DresdenGermany
| | - Jan Alsner
- Department of Experimental Clinical OncologyAarhus University HospitalDenmark
| | - Annett Linge
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)Partner Site DresdenGermany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- OncoRay ‐ National Center for Radiation Research in OncologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav CarusHelmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden – RossendorfTU DresdenGermany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation OncologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav CarusTU DresdenGermany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), HeidelbergGermany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, DresdenGermany, and; Helmholtz Association / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR)DresdenGermany
| | - Rebecca Bütof
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)Partner Site DresdenGermany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- OncoRay ‐ National Center for Radiation Research in OncologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav CarusHelmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden – RossendorfTU DresdenGermany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation OncologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav CarusTU DresdenGermany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), HeidelbergGermany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, DresdenGermany, and; Helmholtz Association / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR)DresdenGermany
| | - Steffen Löck
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)Partner Site DresdenGermany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- OncoRay ‐ National Center for Radiation Research in OncologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav CarusHelmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden – RossendorfTU DresdenGermany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation OncologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav CarusTU DresdenGermany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), HeidelbergGermany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, DresdenGermany, and; Helmholtz Association / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR)DresdenGermany
| | - Rob Bristow
- Translational OncogenomicsCRUK Manchester Institute and CentreDivision of Cancer SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
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Mass Spectrometric Comparison of HPV-Positive and HPV-Negative Oropharyngeal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061531. [PMID: 32545200 PMCID: PMC7352546 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) consist of two distinct biological entities. While the numbers of classical, tobacco-induced HNSCC are declining, tumors caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are increasing in many countries. HPV-positive HNSCC mostly arise in the oropharynx and are characterized by an enhanced sensitivity towards radiotherapy and a favorable prognosis. To identify molecular differences between both entities on the protein level, we conducted a mass spectrometric comparison of eight HPV-positive and nine HPV-negative oropharyngeal tumors (OPSCC). Overall, we identified 2051 proteins, of which 31 were found to be differentially expressed. Seventeen of these can be assorted to three functional groups, namely DNA replication, nuclear architecture and cytoskeleton regulation, with the differences in the last group potentially reflecting an enhanced migratory and invasive capacity. Furthermore, a number of identified proteins have been described to directly impact on DNA double-strand break repair or radiation sensitivity (e.g., SLC3A2, cortactin, RBBP4, Numa1), offering explanations for the differential prognosis. The unequal expression of three proteins (SLC3A2, MCM2 and lamin B1) was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining using a tissue microarray containing 205 OPSCC samples. The expression levels of SLC3A2 and lamin B1 were found be of prognostic relevance in patients with HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPSCC, respectively.
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18
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Lilja-Fischer JK, Eriksen JG, Georgsen JB, Vo TT, Larsen SR, Cheng J, Busch-Sørensen M, Aurora-Garg D, Steiniche T, Overgaard J. Prognostic impact of PD-L1 in oropharyngeal cancer after primary curative radiotherapy and relation to HPV and tobacco smoking. Acta Oncol 2020; 59:666-672. [PMID: 32079442 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2020.1729407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is rising rapidly in many western countries due to Human papillomavirus (HPV) and tobacco smoking, with a considerable overlap. Immunotherapy directed at the PD1/PD-L1 axis have shown promise in head and neck cancer and other cancer types. PD-L1 expression may indicate a poorer prognosis, and at the same time indicate a possible benefit of anti-PD-L1 immunotherapeutic agents. The primary aim of this study was to establish the prognostic effect of PD-L1 expression after primary curative radiotherapy alone.Material and methods: A cohort of 303 OPSCC patients treated with primary, curative intended radiotherapy was established. PD-L1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections. PD-L1 positivity was defined as a Combined Positive Score (CPS) ≥1, indicating staining of either tumor cells, lymphocytes or macrophages.Results: Median follow-up was 5.3 years. With 199 deaths, there was no difference in overall survival between patients with PD-L1+ and PD-L1- tumors (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0 [0.71-1.4]). Also, locoregional failure was similar between the two groups (aHR 1.1 [CI: 0.68 - 1.7]). Tumors were PD-L1+ in 76% of cases, significantly more among HPV p16+ tumors (82% vs. 70%, p = .01). Interestingly, higher prevalence of PD-L1+ expression was seen in HPV p16+ patients with <10 pack-years of tobacco-smoking (93%) compared to HPV p16+ smokers (76%) or HPV p16-negative patients (70%) (p = .003).Conclusion: PD-L1 expression had no prognostic significance in OPSCC patients treated with primary radiotherapy alone. A substantial proportion of OPSCC tumors show PD-L1 overexpression, especially in HPV p16+ tumors in patients with little or no smoking history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob K. Lilja-Fischer
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper G. Eriksen
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Stine R. Larsen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Torben Steiniche
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Overgaard
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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19
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Lazzari G, Silvano G. From Anemia to Erythropoietin Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treatment: A Carousel Driven by Hypoxia. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:841-851. [PMID: 32099388 PMCID: PMC6996291 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s242263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anemia has been identified as a significant negative prognosticator in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Irrespective of the causes, anemia in HNSCC is believed to contribute to intratumoral hypoxia, which reduces the effectiveness of radiotherapy and oxygen-dependent chemotherapy. Correction of anemia with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHu-EPO) has been performed as a surrogate for hypoxia compensation to improve tumor control and survival outcomes. However, the results of the most important EPO clinical trials have been disappointing. Following the recent finding that EPO and its receptor (EPOR) are both expressed in HNSCC specimens, a new hypothesis has been advanced. This postulates that hypoxic signaling might activate EPOR through the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling pathway and its downstream effectors, including carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA-9), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), leading to the failure of rHu-EPO treatment, as assessed from the results of the best-known EPO trials. This review addresses the relationship among anemia, hypoxia, and tumoral EPO/EPOR expression in HNSCC treatment in an attempt to elucidate the main mechanisms involved in the resistance to rHu-EPO therapy, as in a carousel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Lazzari
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Saint Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Taranto 74100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Silvano
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Saint Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Taranto 74100, Italy
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20
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Murakami N, Mori T, Nakamura S, Yoshimoto S, Honma Y, Ueno T, Kobayashi K, Kashihara T, Takahashi K, Inaba K, Okuma K, Igaki H, Nakayama Y, Itami J. Prognostic value of the expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecules in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated by definitive radiotherapy. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2019; 60:803-811. [PMID: 31361893 PMCID: PMC6873617 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A reliable biomarker can contribute to appropriate treatment selection in the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Recently, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) was shown to have prognostic features in several malignancies. However, it remains to be elucidated whether EpCAM predicts prognosis of HNSCC after radiotherapy. Therefore, the prognostic potential of EpCAM in HNSCC patients treated by radiotherapy was investigated in this study. All HNSCCs patients examined between January 2013 and December 2015 were analyzed for the expression of EpCAM. One hundred HNSCC patients were identified who were treated by primary radiotherapy. Intense expression of EpCAM was found in 29 HNSCC patients. Two-year overall survival (OS) for patients with intense EpCAM expression was 62.2%, whereas it was 87.9% for those without (P = 0.011). In multivariate analysis, intense EpCAM expression was found to be an independent prognostic factors for OS (P = 0.036). Overall, EpCAM was found to be an independent prognostic factor for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Murakami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Mori
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakamura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichi Yoshimoto
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Honma
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Ueno
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenya Kobayashi
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tairo Kashihara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kana Takahashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Inaba
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kae Okuma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Igaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakayama
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Itami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Lilja-Fischer JK, Ulhøi BP, Alsner J, Stougaard M, Thomsen MS, Busk M, Lassen P, Steiniche T, Nielsen VE, Overgaard J. Characterization and radiosensitivity of HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patient-derived xenografts. Acta Oncol 2019; 58:1489-1494. [PMID: 31510843 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2019.1660802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) are rising rapidly in incidence due to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and/or tobacco smoking. Prognosis is better for patients with HPV-positive disease, but may also be influenced by tobacco smoking and other factors. There is a need to individualize treatment to minimize morbidity and improve prognosis. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) is an emerging pre-clinical research model that may more accurately reflect the human disease, and is an attractive platform to study disease biology and develop treatments and biomarkers. In this study we describe the establishment of PDX models, compare PDX tumors to the human original, and assess the suitability of this model for radiotherapy research and biomarker development. Material and methods: Tumor biopsies from 34 patients with previously untreated OPSCC were implanted in immunodeficient mice, giving rise to 12 squamous cell carcinoma PDX models (7 HPV+, 5 HPV-). Primary and PDX tumors were characterized extensively, examining histology, immunohistochemistry, cancer gene sequencing and gene expression analysis. Radiosensitivity was assessed in vivo in a growth delay assay. Results: Established PDX models maintained histological and immunohistochemical characteristics as well as HPV-status of the primary tumor. Important cancer driver gene mutations, e.g., in TP53, PIK3CA and others, were preserved. Gene expression related to cancer stem cell markers and gene expression subtype were preserved, while gene expression related to hypoxia and immune response differed. Radiosensitivity studies showed high concordance with clinical observations. Conclusion: PDX from OPSCC preserves important molecular characteristics of the human primary tumor. Radiosensitivity were in accordance with clinically observed treatment response. The PDX model is a clinically relevant surrogate model of head and neck cancer. Perspectives include increased understanding of disease biology, which could lead to development of novel treatments and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Kinggaard Lilja-Fischer
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Jan Alsner
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | | | - Morten Busk
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Pernille Lassen
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jens Overgaard
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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22
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Eldridge RC, Pugh SL, Trotti A, Hu K, Spencer S, Yom SS, Rosenthal D, Read N, Desai A, Gore E, Shenouda G, Mishra MV, Bruner D, Xiao C. Changing functional status within 6 months posttreatment is prognostic of overall survival in patients with head and neck cancer: NRG Oncology Study. Head Neck 2019; 41:3924-3932. [PMID: 31435980 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Is posttreatment functional status prognostic of overall survival in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). METHODS In an HNC clinical trial, 495 patients had two posttreatment functional assessments measuring diet, public eating, and speech within 6 months. Patients were grouped by impairment (highly, moderately, modestly, or not impaired) and determined if they improved, declined, or did not change from the first assessment to the second. Multivariable Cox models estimated overall mortality. RESULTS Across all three scales, the change in posttreatment patient function strongly predicted overall survival. In diet, patients who declined to highly impaired had three times the mortality of patients who were not impaired at both assessments (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.60; 95% confidence interval, 2.02-6.42). For patients improving from highly impaired, mortality was statistically similar to patients with no impairment (HR = 1.38; 95% CI, 0.82-2.31). CONCLUSIONS Posttreatment functional status is a strong prognostic marker of survival in patients with HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie L Pugh
- NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Kenneth Hu
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone, New York, New York
| | - Sharon Spencer
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sue S Yom
- UCSF Medical Center-Mount Zion, San Francisco, California
| | - David Rosenthal
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nancy Read
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Elizabeth Gore
- Zablocki VA Medical Center (Accruals under Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin), Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Mark V Mishra
- University of Maryland/Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Deborah Bruner
- Emory University/Winship Cancer Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Canhua Xiao
- Emory University/Winship Cancer Center, Atlanta, Georgia
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23
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24
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Guglas K, Kolenda T, Teresiak A, Kopczyńska M, Łasińska I, Mackiewicz J, Mackiewicz A, Lamperska K. lncRNA Expression after Irradiation and Chemoexposure of HNSCC Cell Lines. Noncoding RNA 2018; 4:ncrna4040033. [PMID: 30441874 PMCID: PMC6315432 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna4040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cause of cancer mortality in the world. To improve the quality of diagnostics and patients' treatment, new and effective biomarkers are needed. Recent studies have shown that the expression level of different types of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is dysregulated in HNSCC and correlates with many biological processes. In this study, the response of lncRNAs in HNSCC cell lines after exposure to irradiation and cytotoxic drugs was examined. The SCC-040, SCC-25, FaDu, and Cal27 cell lines were treated with different radiation doses as well as exposed to cisplatin and doxorubicin. The expression changes of lncRNAs after exposure to these agents were checked by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Target prediction was performed using available online tools and classified into specific biological processes and cellular pathways. The results indicated that the irradiation, as well as chemoexposure, causes changes in lncRNA expression and the effect depends on the cell line, type of agents as well as their dose. After irradiation using the dose of 5 Gy significant dysregulation of 4 lncRNAs, 10 Gy-5 lncRNAs, and 20 Gy-3 lncRNAs, respectively, were observed in all cell lines. Only lncRNAs Zfhx2as was down-regulated in all cell lines independently of the dose used. After cisplatin exposure, 14 lncRNAs showed lower and only two higher expressions. Doxorubicin resulted in lower expressions of eight and increased four of lncRNAs. Common effects of cytotoxic drugs were observed in the case of antiPEG11, BACE1AS, PCGEM1, and ST7OT. Analysis of the predicted targets for dysregulated lncRNAs indicated that they are involved in important biological processes, regulating cellular pathways connected with direct response to irradiation or chemoexposure, cellular phenotype, cancer initiating cells, and angiogenesis. Both irradiation and chemoexposure caused specific changes in lncRNAs expression. However, the common effect is potentially important for cellular response to the stress and survival. Further study will show if lncRNAs are useful tools in patients' treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Guglas
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland.
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Kolenda
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland.
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Anna Teresiak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Magda Kopczyńska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland.
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Izabela Łasińska
- Department of Medical and Experimental Oncology, Heliodor Swiecicki Clinical Hospital, University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Jacek Mackiewicz
- Department of Medical and Experimental Oncology, Heliodor Swiecicki Clinical Hospital, University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
- Department of Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland.
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland.
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Lamperska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland.
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25
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Dok R, Abbasi Asbagh L, Van Limbergen EJ, Sablina A, Nuyts S. Nuclear p16INK4a expression predicts enhanced radiation response in head and neck cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38785-38795. [PMID: 27246975 PMCID: PMC5122429 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry analysis of p16INK4a in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) tumor samples revealed that 28% of tumors showed nuclear/cytoplasmic p16INK4a localization, while 37% of tumors had cytoplasmic p16INK4a. Our previous study showed that p16INK4a inhibits the DNA repair response independently of its function in the cell cycle, suggesting that p16INK4a subcellular localization should be considered during stratification of HNSCC patients. Using p16INK4a mutants with different localization signals, we found that expression of nuclear p16INK4a, but not cytoplasmic p16INK4a impaired RAD51 foci formation, indicating that nuclear localization of p16INK4a is crucial for its function in DNA repair. We next investigated the role of p16INK4a subcellular localization in radiation response in a retrospective cohort of 261 HNSCC patients treated with chemoradiation. We found that only HNSCC patients expressing nuclear p16INK4a expression showed better outcome, locoregional control and disease free survival, after chemoradiation. In concordance with the patient data, only expression of nuclear p16INK4a increased radiosensitivity of HNSCC cells. These results implicate nuclear p16INK4a expression as a potent marker to predict radiation response of HNSCC patients and should be taken into account in intensification or de-escalation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüveyda Dok
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Layka Abbasi Asbagh
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evert Jan Van Limbergen
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Current address: Maastro Clinic, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Sablina
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Nuyts
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Lassen P, Lacas B, Pignon JP, Trotti A, Zackrisson B, Zhang Q, Overgaard J, Blanchard P. Prognostic impact of HPV-associated p16-expression and smoking status on outcomes following radiotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer: The MARCH-HPV project. Radiother Oncol 2018; 126:107-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Grau C, Høyer M, Poulsen PR, Muren LP, Korreman SS, Tanderup K, Lindegaard JC, Alsner J, Overgaard J. Rethink radiotherapy - BIGART 2017. Acta Oncol 2017; 56:1341-1352. [PMID: 29148908 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2017.1371326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cai Grau
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten Høyer
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Ludvig Paul Muren
- Department of Medical Physics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Kari Tanderup
- Department of Medical Physics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jan Alsner
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Overgaard
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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28
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Hall SF, Liu FF, O'Sullivan B, Shi W, Rohland S, Griffiths R, Groome P. Did the addition of concurrent chemotherapy to conventional radiotherapy improve survival for patients with HPV+ve and HPV-ve Oropharynx cancer? A population-based study. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1105-1112. [PMID: 28829763 PMCID: PMC5674099 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the absence of clear evidence on the efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) over conventional radiotherapy (RT) for HPV+ve and for HPV-ve oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), this study compares the treatments and outcomes from pre-CRT years to post-CRT years. METHODS A population-based retrospective treatment-effectiveness study based on all patients with OPC treated in Ontario Canada in 1998, 1999, 2003 and 2004. Charts were reviewed, tissue samples were requested and tissue was tested for p16 or in situ hybridisation. Overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were compared by treatment era and by treatment type for all 1028 patients, for 865 treated for cure and for 610 with HPV status. RESULTS There was no improvement in OS comparing pre-CRT to post-CRT eras for the HPV+ve patients (P=0.147) or for the HPV-ve patients (P=0.362). There was no difference in OS comparing CRT to RT for the HPV+ve cohort (HR=0.948 (0.642-1.400)) or for the HPV-ve patients (HR=1.083 (0.68-1.727)). CONCLUSIONS In these 'real-world' patients what appeared to be improvements in OS with CRT in clinical trials were confounded by HPV status in Ontario. CRT did not improve outcomes for HPV+ve or for HPV-ve patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F Hall
- Department of Otolaryngology and Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology of the Queen’s Cancer Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Brian O'Sullivan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Willa Shi
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute, 610 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Susan Rohland
- Cancer Care and Epidemiology at the Queen’s Cancer Research Institute, 10 Stuart St, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Rebecca Griffiths
- Cancer Care and Epidemiology at the Queen’s Cancer Research Institute, 10 Stuart St, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Patti Groome
- Cancer Care and Epidemiology at the Queen’s Cancer Research Institute, 10 Stuart St, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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29
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Rohde M, Nielsen AL, Pareek M, Johansen J, Sørensen JA, Diaz A, Nielsen MK, Christiansen JM, Asmussen JT, Nguyen N, Gerke O, Thomassen A, Alavi A, Høilund-Carlsen PF, Godballe C. A PET/CT-Based Strategy Is a Stronger Predictor of Survival Than a Standard Imaging Strategy in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:575-581. [PMID: 28864630 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.197350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our purpose was to examine whether staging of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by upfront 18F-FDG PET/CT (i.e., on the day of biopsy and before the biopsy) discriminates survival better than the traditional imaging strategies based on chest x-ray plus head and neck MRI (CXR/MRI) or chest CT plus head and neck MRI (CCT/MRI). Methods: We performed a masked prospective cohort study based on paired data. Consecutive patients with histologically verified primary HNSCC were recruited from Odense University Hospital from September 2013 to March 2016. All patients underwent CXR/MRI, CCT/MRI, and PET/CT on the same day. Tumors were categorized as localized (stages I and II), locally advanced (stages III and IVB), or metastatic (stage IVC). Discriminative ability for each imaging modality with respect to HNSCC staging were compared using Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox proportional hazards regression with the Harrell C-index, and net reclassification improvement. Results: In total, 307 patients with histologically verified HNSCC were included. Use of PET/CT significantly altered the stratification of tumor stage when compared with either CXR/MRI or CCT/MRI (χ2, P < 0.001 for both). Cancer stages based on PET/CT, but not CXR/MRI or CCT/MRI, were associated with significant differences in mortality risk on Kaplan-Meier analyses (P ≤ 0.002 for all PET/CT-based comparisons). Furthermore, overall discriminative ability was significantly greater for PET/CT (C-index, 0.712) than for CXR/MRI (C-index, 0.675; P = 0.04) or CCT/MRI (C-index, 0.657; P = 0.02). Finally, PET/CT was significantly associated with a positive net reclassification improvement when compared with CXR/MRI (0.184, P = 0.03) but not CCT/MRI (0.094%, P = 0.31). Conclusion: Tumor stages determined by PET/CT were associated with more distinct prognostic properties in terms of survival than those determined by standard imaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Rohde
- Department of ORL-Head and Neck Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark .,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne L Nielsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Manan Pareek
- Cardiology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jens A Sørensen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anabel Diaz
- Department of Radiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mie K Nielsen
- Department of Radiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Jon T Asmussen
- Department of Radiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nina Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Oke Gerke
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Centre of Health Economics Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and
| | - Anders Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Poul Flemming Høilund-Carlsen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian Godballe
- Department of ORL-Head and Neck Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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30
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Rakislova N, Clavero O, Alemany L, Saco A, Quirós B, Lloveras B, Alejo M, Pawlita M, Quint W, del Pino M, de Sanjose S, Ordi J. "Histological characteristics of HPV-associated and -independent squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva: A study of 1,594 cases”. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:2517-2527. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rakislova
- Department of Pathology; ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Omar Clavero
- Unit of Infections and Cancer; Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat; Barcelona Spain
| | - Laia Alemany
- Unit of Infections and Cancer; Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat; Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública; Barcelona Spain
| | - Adela Saco
- Department of Pathology; ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Beatriz Quirós
- Unit of Infections and Cancer; Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat; Barcelona Spain
| | - Belen Lloveras
- Department of Pathology; Hospital del Mar; Barcelona Spain
| | - Maria Alejo
- Department of Pathology; Hospital General d'Hospitalet, L'Hospitalet de LLobregat; Barcelona Spain
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Research Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Wim Quint
- DDL Diagnostic Laboratory; Rijswijk The Netherlands
| | - Marta del Pino
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic - Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Silvia de Sanjose
- Unit of Infections and Cancer; Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat; Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública; Barcelona Spain
| | - Jaume Ordi
- Department of Pathology; ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
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31
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Ou D, Adam J, Garberis I, Blanchard P, Nguyen F, Levy A, Casiraghi O, Gorphe P, Breuskin I, Janot F, Temam S, Scoazec JY, Deutsch E, Tao Y. Clinical relevance of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, PD-L1 expression and correlation with HPV/p16 in head and neck cancer treated with bio- or chemo-radiotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1341030. [PMID: 28932643 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1341030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the prognostic value of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs: CD8+ and FoxP3+), and PD-L1 expression in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with radiotherapy combined with cisplatin (CRT) or cetuximab (BRT). Immunohistochemistry for CD8, FoxP3 was performed on pretreatment tissue samples of 77 HNSCC patients. PD-L1 results were evaluable in 38 patients. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the correlations of these biomarkers expression with clinicopathological characteristics and treatment outcomes. High CD8+ TILs level was identified in multivariate analysis (MVA) as an independent prognostic factor for improved progression-free survival with a non-significant trend for better overall survival (OS). High FoxP3+ TILs and PD-L1+ correlated with a favorable OS in the uni-variate analysis, respectively, but not in the MVA. In subgroup analysis, CD8+TILs appear to play a pivotal role, p16+/high CD8+TILs patients had superior 5-year OS compared with p16+/low CD8+TILs, p16-/ high CD8+TILs, and p16-/ low CD8+TILs patients. p16+/PD-L1+ patients had improved 3-year OS compared with p16+/PD-L1-, p16-/ PD-L1+, and p16-/ PD-L1- patients. In low CD8+ TILs tumors, 5-year loco-regional control of patients treated with CRT was improved vs. those with BRT (p = 0.01) while no significant difference in high CD8+ TILs was observed. CD8+ TILs correlated with an improved clinical outcome in HNSCC patients independent of Human papillomavirus status. The immunobiomarkers may provide information for selecting suitable patients for cisplatin or cetuximab treatment. Additionally, the impact of TILs and PD-L1 of deciphering among the p16+ population a very favorable outcome population could be of interest for patients tailored approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Sud, France.,INSERM1030 Molecular Radiotherapy, Villejuif, France.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Julien Adam
- Department of Pathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Ingrid Garberis
- Department of Pathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre Blanchard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - France Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Antonin Levy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,INSERM1030 Molecular Radiotherapy, Villejuif, France
| | - Odile Casiraghi
- Department of Pathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Gorphe
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Ingrid Breuskin
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - François Janot
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Stephane Temam
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Yves Scoazec
- Department of Pathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Deutsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Sud, France.,INSERM1030 Molecular Radiotherapy, Villejuif, France
| | - Yungan Tao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,INSERM1030 Molecular Radiotherapy, Villejuif, France
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Zhang D, Zhang W, Liu W, Mao Y, Fu Z, Liu J, Huang W, Zhang Z, An D, Li B. Human papillomavirus infection increases the chemoradiation response of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma based on P53 mutation. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Dok R, Glorieux M, Holacka K, Bamps M, Nuyts S. Dual role for p16 in the metastasis process of HPV positive head and neck cancers. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:113. [PMID: 28662664 PMCID: PMC5492443 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies show that human papillomavirus (HPV) positive head and neck cancers (HNSCC) are typically characterized by low tumor and high regional node stages, intrinsically indicating high local metastatic potential. Despite this, the distant metastasis rates of HPV positive and negative HNSCC are similar. To date, majority of the studies focus on molecular characterization of HPV positive disease and on treatment outcome. Here we assessed the biological mechanisms of metastasis by combining in vitro and in vivo head and neck carcinoma xenograft models with patient data. We provide experimental evidence for a dual role of p16, a surrogate marker for HPV infections, in the metastasis process of HNSCC. We found that p16 regulates the invasiveness and metastatic potential of HNSCC cells by impairing angiogenesis. In parallel, we found that p16 is regulating the nodal spread by mediating lymphatic vessel formation through the upregulation of integrins. These findings not only provide understanding of the biology of the different dissemination patterns but also suggest that inhibition of lymphangiogenesis in HPV positive cancers and inhibition of angiogenesis in HPV negative cancers can form a treatment strategy against metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüveyda Dok
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mary Glorieux
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karolina Holacka
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marieke Bamps
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Nuyts
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, UH Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 815, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Ou D, Blanchard P, Rosellini S, Levy A, Nguyen F, Leijenaar RTH, Garberis I, Gorphe P, Bidault F, Ferté C, Robert C, Casiraghi O, Scoazec JY, Lambin P, Temam S, Deutsch E, Tao Y. Predictive and prognostic value of CT based radiomics signature in locally advanced head and neck cancers patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy or bioradiotherapy and its added value to Human Papillomavirus status. Oral Oncol 2017; 71:150-155. [PMID: 28688683 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore prognostic and predictive value of radiomics in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (LAHNSCC) treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or bioradiotherapy (BRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of 120 patients (CRT vs. BRT matched 2:1) were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 544 radiomics features of the primary tumor were extracted from radiotherapy planning computed tomography scans. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between survival and radiomics features with false discovery rate correction. The discriminatory performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS Multivariate analysis showed a 24-feature based signature significantly predicted for OS (HR=0.3, P=0.02) and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR=0.3, P=0.01). Combining the radiomics signature with p16 status showed a significant improvement of prognostic performance compared with p16 (AUC=0.78vs. AUC=0.64 at 5years, P=0.01) or radiomics signature (AUC=0.78vs. AUC=0.67, P=0.01) alone. When patients were stratified according to this combination, OS and PFS were significantly different according to the 4 sub-types (p16+ with low/high signature score; p16- with low/high signature score) (P<0.001). Patients with high signature score significantly benefited from CRT (vs. BRT) in terms of OS (P=0.004), while no benefit from CRT in patients with low signature score. CONCLUSION Our analysis suggests an added value of radiomics features as prognostic and predictive biomarker in HNSCC treated with CRT/BRT. Moreover, the radiomics signature provided additional information to HPV/p16 status to further stratify patients. External validation of such findings is mandatory given the risk of overfitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Pierre Blanchard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Silvia Rosellini
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Antonin Levy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - France Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Ralph T H Leijenaar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MAASTRO Clinic, Research Institute GROW, Maastricht University, 6229ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Garberis
- Department of Pathology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Gorphe
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - François Bidault
- Department of Radiology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Charles Ferté
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Charlotte Robert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Odile Casiraghi
- Department of Pathology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Philippe Lambin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MAASTRO Clinic, Research Institute GROW, Maastricht University, 6229ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephane Temam
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Deutsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Yungan Tao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
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Qiao Q, Sun C, Han C, Han N, Zhang M, Li G. Endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway PERK-eIF2α confers radioresistance in oropharyngeal carcinoma by activating NF-κB. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1421-1431. [PMID: 28418119 PMCID: PMC5497722 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of malignant tumors, as well as in the regulation of radiochemoresistance and chemoresistance in many malignancies. ERS signaling pathway protein kinase RNA‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)‐eukaryotic initiation factor‐2 (eIF2α) may induce aberrant activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB). Our previous study showed that NF‐κB conferred radioresistance in lymphoma cells. However, whether PERK‐eIF2α regulates radioresistance in oropharyngeal carcinoma through NF‐κB activation is unknown. Herein, we showed that PERK overexpression correlated with a poor prognosis for patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the percentage of the high expression level of PERK in oropharyngeal carcinoma patients resistant to radiation was higher than in patients sensitive to radiation (77.7 and 33.3%, respectively; P < 0.05). Silencing PERK and eIF2α increased the radiosensitivity in oropharyngeal carcinoma cells and increased radiation‐induced apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest. PERK‐eIF2α silencing also inhibited radiation‐induced NF‐κB phosphorylation and increased the DNA double strand break‐related proteins ATM phosphorylation. NF‐κB activator TNF‐α and the ATM inhibitor Ku55933 offset the regulatory effect of eIF2α on the expression of radiation‐induced cell apoptosis‐related proteins and the G2/M phase arrest‐related proteins. These data indicate that PERK regulates radioresistance in oropharyngeal carcinoma through NF‐kB activation‐mediated phosphorylation of eIF2α, enhancing X‐ray‐induced activation of DNA DSB repair, cell apoptosis inhibition and G2/M cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Qiao
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chaonan Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chuyang Han
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ning Han
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Abstract
The importance of 18F-fluorodesoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (FDG-PET) for the diagnosis of malignant disease is increasing. On one hand, this is due to the high sensitivity of this method, on the other, because the entire body can be examined. FDG-PET can be particularly advantageous for the diagnosis of head and neck tumors, where tumor staging is an important prognostic parameter and essentially determines the therapeutic regimen. This article presents the different possibilities for combined evaluation with PET and computed tomography (CT) for the diagnosis of patients with head and neck cancer. Special focus is placed on primary staging and tumor follow-up, as well as on the role of PET-CT in the diagnosis of patients with cancer of unknown primary origin (CUP). The use of PET-CT for radiotherapy planning and new aspects of PET technology are also discussed.
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Biological relevance of human papillomaviruses in vulvar cancer. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:549-562. [PMID: 28059099 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The carcinogenic role of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types in the increasing subset of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and vulvar cancer in young women has been established. However, the actual number of vulvar cancer cases attributed to HPV is still imprecisely defined. In an attempt to provide a more precise definition of HPV-driven vulvar cancer, we performed HPV-type-specific E6*I mRNA analyses available for 20 HR-/possible HR (pHR)-HPV types, on tissue samples from 447 cases of vulvar cancer. HPV DNA genotyping was performed using SPF10-LiPA25 assay due to its high sensitivity in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Data on p16INK4a expression was available for comparative analysis via kappa statistics. The use of highly sensitive assays covering the detection of HPV mRNA in a broad spectrum of mucosal HPV types resulted in the detection of viral transcripts in 87% of HPV DNA+ vulvar cancers. Overall concordance between HPV mRNA+ and p16INK4a upregulation (strong, diffuse immunostaining in >25% of tumor cells) was 92% (K=0.625, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.531-0.719). Among these cases, 83% were concordant pairs of HPV mRNA+ and p16INK4a+ and 9% were concordant pairs of HPV mRNA- and p16INK4a-. Our data confirm the biological role of HR-/pHR-HPV types in the great majority of HPV DNA+ vulvar cancers, resulting in an HPV-attributable fraction of at least 21% worldwide. Most HPV DNA+ vulvar cancers were associated with HPV16 (85%), but a causative role for other, less frequently occurring mucosal HPV types (HPV26, 66, 67, 68, 70 and 73) was also confirmed at the mRNA level for the first time. These findings should be taken into consideration for future screening options as HPV-associated vulvar preneoplastic lesions have increased in incidence in younger women and require different treatment than vulvar lesions that develop from rare autoimmune-related mechanisms in older women.
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Brøndum L, Eriksen JG, Singers Sørensen B, Mortensen LS, Toustrup K, Overgaard J, Alsner J. Plasma proteins as prognostic biomarkers in radiotherapy treated head and neck cancer patients. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2017; 2:46-52. [PMID: 29658000 PMCID: PMC5893530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Blood-based protein biomarkers can be a useful tool as pre-treatment prognostic markers, as they can reflect both variations in the tumor microenvironment and the host immune response. We investigated the influence of a panel of plasma proteins for the development of any failure defined as recurrent disease in the T-, N-, or M-site in HNSCC. Methods We used a multiplex bead-based approach to analyze 19 proteins in 86 HNSCC patients and 15 healthy controls. We evaluated the associations between the biomarkers, loco-regional failure, failure in the T-, N-, or M-site, overall survival (OS), p16 status, and hypoxia. Results In 41 p16 positive oropharynx cancer patients we identified a profile of biomarkers consisting of upregulation of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, eotaxin, GRO-a, and VEGF and downregulation of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 with a significantly reduced risk of failure (p < 0.01). None of the individual proteins were associated with outcome. Conclusion The identified plasma profile potentially reflects an activated immune response in a subgroup of the p16 positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Brøndum
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Brita Singers Sørensen
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Kasper Toustrup
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Overgaard
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Alsner
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Bittner MI, Wiedenmann N, Bucher S, Hentschel M, Mix M, Rücker G, Weber WA, Meyer PT, Werner M, Grosu AL, Kayser G. Analysis of relation between hypoxia PET imaging and tissue-based biomarkers during head and neck radiochemotherapy. Acta Oncol 2016; 55:1299-1304. [PMID: 27593107 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2016.1219046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor hypoxia is associated with poor prognosis and outcome and can be visualized using 18F-MISO-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The goal of this study was to evaluate the correlation between biological markers and biological imaging in a group of patients in whom a correlation between biological imaging and outcome has previously been demonstrated. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a prospective pilot project, 16 patients with locally advanced cancer of the head and neck underwent 18F-MISO-PET scans before and during primary radiochemotherapy in addition to 18F-FDG-PET and computed tomography (CT). Tumor biopsies were stained for three tissue-based markers (Ku80, CAIX, CD44); in addition, human papillomavirus (HPV) status was assessed. H-scores of marker expression were generated and the results were correlated with the biological imaging and clinical outcome. RESULTS No statistically significant correlation was established between the H-scores for Ku80, CD44 and CAIX or between any of the H-scores and the imaging variables (tumor volume on 18F-FDG-PET in ml, hypoxic subvolume as assessed by 18F-MISO-PET in ml, and SUVmax tumor/SUVmean muscle during the 18F-MISO-PET). A statistically significant negative correlation was found between CD44 H-score and HPV status (p = .004). Cox regression analysis for overall survival and recurrence-free survival showed one significant result for CAIX being associated with improved overall survival [hazard ratio 0.96 (0.93-1.00), p = .047]. CONCLUSION Expression of Ku80, CAIX and CD44 as assessed by immunohistochemistry of tumor biopsies were not correlated to one another or the biological imaging data. However, there was a significant influence of CAIX on overall survival and between CD44 and HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin-Immanuel Bittner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicole Wiedenmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Bucher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hentschel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Mix
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerta Rücker
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A. Weber
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Philipp T. Meyer
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Werner
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Medical Center?University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anca-Ligia Grosu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gian Kayser
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Medical Center?University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
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Takes RP, Kaanders JHAM, van Herpen CML, Merkx MAW, Slootweg PJ, Melchers WJG. Human papillomavirus detection in fine needle aspiration cytology of lymph node metastasis of head and neck squamous cell cancer. J Clin Virol 2016; 85:22-26. [PMID: 27816020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, testing on HPV in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is performed on histological material. However, in a certain percentage of the cases who present with lymph node metastases no primary tumor can be identified and only fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is available for analysis. OBJECTIVES Purpose of this study was to assess HPV status on FNAC and to validate it using histological material of the same patients. STUDY DESIGN Patients with cervical metastasis from OPSCC or cancer of an unknown primary tumor (CUP), diagnosed between 2007 and 2012 were included. In 6 of the 47 patients, no primary tumor could be identified. HPV detection and genotyping was performed in both FNAC slides scrapings and formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) histological material from the same patients, using the HPV SPF10-LiPA25 assay. HPV PCR analysis on FFPE material was considered the reference standard for HPV status of each case. RESULTS Compared with HPV negative cases (n=22), significantly more HPV positive cases (n=25) presented initially with cervical metastasis (27% vs 56% respectively; p=0·047). The HPV PCR assay on FNAC material showed a high sensitivity (96%; 95% CI 86.6-97.4) and specificity (100%; 95% CI 85.1-96.7) using the reference standard of HPV PCR analysis on FFPE material of the same patients. CONCLUSION In this study, testing on HPV in FNAC of cervical lymph node metastases of SCC is validated. It provides a valuable alternative for testing of HPV on histological material from patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma or cancer of an unknown primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Takes
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H A M Kaanders
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carla M L van Herpen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias A W Merkx
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Slootweg
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem J G Melchers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
AIM OF THE DATABASE The Danish Head and Neck Cancer database is a nationwide clinical quality database that contains prospective data collected since the early 1960s. The overall aim of this study was to describe the outcome of the national strategy for multidisciplinary treatment of head and neck cancer in Denmark and to create a basis for clinical trials. STUDY POPULATION The study population consisted of all Danish patients referred for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, or neck nodes from unknown primary or any histopathological type (except lymphoma) of cancer in the nasal sinuses, salivary glands, or thyroid gland (corresponding to the International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision, classifications C.01-C.11, C.30-C.32, C.73, and C.80). MAIN VARIABLES The main variables used in the study were symptoms and the duration of the symptoms; etiological factors; pretreatment and diagnostic evaluation, including tumor-node-metastasis classification, imaging, histopathology, and laboratory tests; primary treatment with semidetailed information of radiotherapy, surgery, and medical treatment; follow-up registration of tumor status and side effects; registration of relapse and treatment thereof; and registration of death and cause of death. MAIN RESULTS Data from >33,000 patients have been recorded during a period of >45 years. In this period, the outcome of treatment improved substantially, partly due to better treatment as a result of a series of continuous clinical trials and subsequent implementation in national guidelines. The database has furthermore been used to describe the effect of reduced waiting time, changed epidemiology, and influence of comorbidity and socioeconomic parameters. CONCLUSION Half a century of registration of head and neck cancer treatment and outcome has created the basis for understanding and has substantially contributed to improve the treatment of head and neck cancer at both national and international levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Overgaard
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus
| | - Aleksandar Jovanovic
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus
| | - Christian Godballe
- Department of ORL - Head and Neck Surgery; Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Yu GT, Bu LL, Huang CF, Zhang WF, Chen WJ, Gutkind JS, Kulkarni AB, Sun ZJ. PD-1 blockade attenuates immunosuppressive myeloid cells due to inhibition of CD47/SIRPα axis in HPV negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:42067-80. [PMID: 26573233 PMCID: PMC4747210 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) play key roles in the tumor immune suppressive network and tumor progression. However, precise roles of programmed death-1 (PD-1) in immunological functions of MDSCs and TAMs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have not been clearly elucidated. In the present study, we show that PD-1 and PD-L1 levels were significantly higher in human HNSCC specimen than in normal oral mucosa. MDSCs and TAMs were characterized in mice and human HNSCC specimen, correlated well with PD-1 and PD-L1 expression. αPD-1 treatment was well tolerated and significantly reduced tumor growth in the HNSCC mouse model along with significant reduction in MDSCs and TAMs in immune organs and tumors. Molecular analysis suggests a reduction in the CD47/SIRPα pathway by PD-1 blockade, which regulates MDSCs, TAMs, dendritic cell as well as effector T cells. Hence, these data identify that PD-1/PD-L1 axis is significantly increased in human and mouse HNSCC. Adoptive αPD-1 immunotherapy may provide a novel therapeutic approach to modulate the micro- and macro- environment in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Tao Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin-Lin Bu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong-Fa Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Feng Zhang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan-Jun Chen
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashok B Kulkarni
- Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Laryngeal Cancer, HPV DNA vs E6/E7 mRNA Test: A Systematic Review. J Voice 2016; 31:248.e1-248.e5. [PMID: 27613249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The reported range of involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is wide because of the methods used to detect HPV. DATA SOURCES A computerized Medline study was carried out using the following as key words: "Papillomavirus Infections"[Mesh] and "Laryngeal Neoplasms"[Mesh]. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies that were included were written in English and reported results of HPV DNA with RNA in laryngeal SCC. RESULTS There were six reported HPV mRNA extraction. Among these studies, Lewis et al reported that out of the 31 cases analyzed, only 2 were HPV DNA+ and of these only 1 was mRNA HPV+ (3%). Halec et al reported 102 cases of which 32 were HPV DNA+ cases and of which only 6 were mRNA+ (5%). Chernock et al reported 76 cases of which 13 were HPV DNA+ cases and of which 4 were mRNA+ (5%). Masand et al reported 8 cases of which 1 was HPV DNA+ case and none was mRNA+. Gheit et al reported 43 cases of which 4 were HPV DNA+ cases and of which 2 were mRNA+ (4%). Castellsagné et al reported 1042 cases of which 59 were HPV DNA+ case and of which 51 were mRNA+ (4.8%) CONCLUSIONS: When determining the role of HPV in laryngeal SCC, evidence of HPV DNA warrants further examination for E6/E7 mRNA as simple assays such as p16 are nonspecific in laryngeal SCC. Further studies of HPV and its role in laryngeal SCC are warranted.
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Toustrup K, Sørensen BS, Metwally MAH, Tramm T, Mortensen LS, Overgaard J, Alsner J. Validation of a 15-gene hypoxia classifier in head and neck cancer for prospective use in clinical trials. Acta Oncol 2016; 55:1091-1098. [PMID: 27161763 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2016.1167959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) hypoxic radioresistance can be reduced by use of the hypoxic modifier nimorazole, as shown in the DAHANCA 5 trial. Recently, a 15-gene hypoxia classifier has shown predictive impact for the effect of nimorazole by identifying 'more' and 'less' hypoxic tumors in the DAHANCA 5 cohort. A prospective multicentre EORTC-1219 study is initiated, where nimorazole and prospective use of the classifier as a predictor is tested in relation to the most recent accelerated chemoradiotherapy treatment. Validation of the gene expression classification procedures is described here. MATERIAL AND METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor material from three recent HNSCC cohorts [DAHANCA 18 (n = 96), 24 (n = 40), and IAEA Hypo (n = 55)] was used to establish and validate procedures for prospective classification of patients. Repeatability was tested for the different steps in the gene expression analysis, and reproducibility was tested with xenograft tumors (FaDuDD, UTSCC33), where gene expression in complementary sections was compared after fixation and embedding locally and at international institutions, respectively. Intra-tumor heterogeneity was addressed by classifying biopsy samples from HNSCC tumors, where 2-4 biopsies from each tumor was accessible. RESULTS Procedures were successfully established for individual classification of HNSCC patients in retrospective and prospective cohorts. Measurements of gene expression levels were reproducible between different international institutions. CONCLUSION Technical validation of the 15-gene hypoxia classifier demonstrated that it is suitable for implementation in prospective clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Toustrup
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brita Singers Sørensen
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Trine Tramm
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lise Saksø Mortensen
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Overgaard
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Alsner
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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dos Anjos RF, dos Anjos DA, Vieira DL, Leite AF, Figueiredo PTDS, de Melo NS. Effectiveness of FDG-PET/CT for evaluating early response to induction chemotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4450. [PMID: 27512861 PMCID: PMC4985316 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND F-Fluoro-Deoxy-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography with Computed Tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) may be a powerful tool to predict treatment outcome. We aimed to review the effectiveness of F-FDG PET/CT in the assessment of early response to induction chemotherapy (IC) in patients with advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer (HNSCC) without previous treatment. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct and Web of Science were searched to May 2016. Reference lists of the included articles and additional studies identified by one nuclear medicine expert were screened for potential relevant studies that investigated the effectiveness of F-FDG PET/CT performed before and after IC. Three authors independently screened all retrieved articles, selected studies that met inclusion criteria and extracted data. The methodology of the selected studies was evaluated by using the risk of bias checklist of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). RESULTS Seven out of 170 eligible studies met our inclusion criteria. A total of 207 advanced HNSCC patients were evaluated with F-FDG PET/CT at baseline and after IC in the selected articles. Six from seven studies concluded that F-FDG PET/CT allowed early evaluation response to IC and predicted survival outcomes. CONCLUSION The present systematic review confirms the potential value of F-FDG PET/CT as a diagnostic tool for early IV response assessment in HNSCC patients. However, the lack of standard definitions for response criteria and heterogeneous IC protocols indicate the need to further studies in order to better define the role of F-FDG PET/CT in these patients.
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Ou D, Levy A, Blanchard P, Nguyen F, Garberis I, Casiraghi O, Scoazec JY, Janot F, Temam S, Deutsch E, Tao Y. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin or cetuximab for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: Does human papilloma virus play a role? Oral Oncol 2016; 59:50-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Baboci L, Holzinger D, Boscolo-Rizzo P, Tirelli G, Spinato R, Lupato V, Fuson R, Schmitt M, Michel A, Halec G, Da Mosto MC, Pawlita M, Del Mistro A. Low prevalence of HPV-driven head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in North-East Italy. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH 2016; 2:133-140. [PMID: 29074172 PMCID: PMC5886905 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the frequency of Human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) among patients living in North-East Italy, by assessing HPV-DNA positivity in all tumors and additional markers whenever possible. Material and methods HPV types, viral load, viral RNA, HPV16/18 E6 protein and p16INK4a and pRb expression were determined in primary tumor tissues from 247 HNSCC patients. Tumor-specific HPV seropositivity was analyzed in 102 patients. Results Tumor HPV-DNA prevalence was 8.5% overall (21/247) and 27% in oropharynx (17/63). HPV16 accounted for 95% of all HPV types found. Among HPV-DNA+ tumors, type-concordant HPV E6*I RNA prevalence was 79%. HPV DNA+ RNA+ tumors showed high viral load, up-regulated p16INK4a, down-regulated pRb and presence of HPV16 E6 protein. Eight cases showed tumor-specific HPV seropositivity, all type-concordant with the tumor. Tumors were defined as HPV-driven when positive for HPV-DNA plus 2 additional HPV transformation-related markers. Conclusion Relative prevalence of HPV-driven tumors (14 HPV16, 1 HPV58) was 6% overall and 20% among oropharyngeal cancers. In the oropharynx the HPV-driven group showed a trend for better survival versus the HPV-negative group. The relative prevalence of HPV-driven oropharyngeal cancer is low in North-East Italy as compared to Western and Northern Europe. HPV DNA alone is not sufficient to demonstrate causality in HNSCC. Additional transformation markers are needed to correctly identify HPV-driven tumors. HPV prevalence in HNSCC shows large geographical variation, even within Europe. Few small studies investigated the relative prevalence of HPV in HNSCC in Italy. In North-East Italy 6% of HNSCC and 20% of OPSCC are HPV-driven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Baboci
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Research Program Infection and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Oncology and Immunology Section, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Dana Holzinger
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Research Program Infection and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Neurosciences, ENT Clinic and Regional Center for Head and Neck Cancer, University of Padua, School of Medicine, Treviso Regional Hospital, P.le Ospedale 1, 31100 Treviso, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Tirelli
- Head and Neck Department, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Roberto Spinato
- Venetian Department of Otolaryngology, Ospedale dell'Angelo, Via Paccagnella 11, 30174 Venezia Mestre, Italy.
| | - Valentina Lupato
- Department of Neurosciences, ENT Clinic and Regional Center for Head and Neck Cancer, University of Padua, School of Medicine, Treviso Regional Hospital, P.le Ospedale 1, 31100 Treviso, Italy.
| | - Roberto Fuson
- Venetian Department of Otolaryngology, Ospedale dell'Angelo, Via Paccagnella 11, 30174 Venezia Mestre, Italy.
| | - Markus Schmitt
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Research Program Infection and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Angelika Michel
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Research Program Infection and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Gordana Halec
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Research Program Infection and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Maria Cristina Da Mosto
- Department of Neurosciences, ENT Clinic and Regional Center for Head and Neck Cancer, University of Padua, School of Medicine, Treviso Regional Hospital, P.le Ospedale 1, 31100 Treviso, Italy.
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Research Program Infection and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Annarosa Del Mistro
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Via Gattamelata, 64, 35128 Padua, Italy.
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Blanchard P, Garden AS, Gunn GB, Rosenthal DI, Morrison WH, Hernandez M, Crutison J, Lee JJ, Ye R, Fuller CD, Mohamed ASR, Hutcheson KA, Holliday EB, Thaker NG, Sturgis EM, Kies MS, Zhu XR, Mohan R, Frank SJ. Intensity-modulated proton beam therapy (IMPT) versus intensity-modulated photon therapy (IMRT) for patients with oropharynx cancer - A case matched analysis. Radiother Oncol 2016; 120:48-55. [PMID: 27342249 PMCID: PMC5474304 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to its physical properties, intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) used for patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma has the ability to reduce the dose to organs at risk compared to intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) while maintaining adequate tumor coverage. Our aim was to compare the clinical outcomes of these two treatment modalities. METHODS We performed a 1:2 matching of IMPT to IMRT patients. Our study cohort consisted of IMPT patients from a prospective quality of life study and consecutive IMRT patients treated at a single institution during the period 2010-2014. Patients were matched on unilateral/bilateral treatment, disease site, human papillomavirus status, T and N status, smoking status, and receipt of concomitant chemotherapy. Survival analyzes were performed using a Cox model and binary toxicity endpoints using a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Fifty IMPT and 100 IMRT patients were included. The median follow-up time was 32months. There were no imbalances in patient/tumor characteristics except for age (mean age 56.8years for IMRT patients and 61.1years for IMPT patients, p-value=0.010). Statistically significant differences were not observed in overall survival (hazard ratio (HR)=0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.12-2.50, p-value=0.44) or in progression-free survival (HR=1.02; 95% CI: 0.41-2.54; p-value=0.96). The age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the presence of a gastrostomy (G)-tube during treatment for IMPT vs IMRT were OR=0.53; 95% CI: 0.24-1.15; p-value=0.11 and OR=0.43; 95% CI: 0.16-1.17; p-value=0.10 at 3months after treatment. When considering the pre-planned composite endpoint of grade 3 weight loss or G-tube presence, the ORs were OR=0.44; 95% CI: 0.19-1.0; p-value=0.05 at 3months after treatment and OR=0.23; 95% CI: 0.07-0.73; p-value=0.01 at 1year after treatment. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that IMPT is associated with reduced rates of feeding tube dependency and severe weight loss without jeopardizing outcome. Prospective multicenter randomized trials are needed to validate such findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Blanchard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Adam S Garden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - G Brandon Gunn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - David I Rosenthal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - William H Morrison
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Mike Hernandez
- Department of Quantitative Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Joseph Crutison
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Jack J Lee
- Department of Quantitative Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Rong Ye
- Department of Quantitative Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - C David Fuller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA; Medical Physics Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, USA
| | - Abdallah S R Mohamed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA; Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Kate A Hutcheson
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Emma B Holliday
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Nikhil G Thaker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Erich M Sturgis
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Merrill S Kies
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - X Ronald Zhu
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Radhe Mohan
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Steven J Frank
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
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Bhosale PG, Pandey M, Desai RS, Patil A, Kane S, Prabhash K, Mahimkar MB. Low prevalence of transcriptionally active human papilloma virus in Indian patients with HNSCC and leukoplakia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2016; 122:609-618.e7. [PMID: 27765330 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the present study, we comprehensively analyzed the prevalence of transcriptionally active human papilloma virus (HPV) in tissue samples of Indian patients with leukoplakia, predominantly hyperplastic lesions and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In addition, saliva samples from patients with HNSCC were screened for HPV detection. STUDY DESIGN P16 overexpression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Tissue samples of leukoplakia (n = 121) and HNSCC (n = 427) and saliva from patients with HNSCC (n = 215) were tested for HPV using nested polymerase chain reaction. Positive samples were sequenced for subtyping. The presence of HPV E6/E7 mRNA was confirmed by RNA in situ hybridization. RESULTS P16 expression and HPV DNA were not detected in any of the leukoplakia specimens. Of the 427 HNSCC tumors, 9 showed p16 overexpression and 7/427 cases were positive for HPV16 DNA, in saliva or tissue. E6/E7 mRNA positivity was observed in 8 HNSCC samples, primarily from patients with no habit of tobacco consumption. The prevalence of high-risk HPV was restricted to oropharynx and larynx, with very little concordance between p16 overexpression and HPV positivity. All patients with HPV-positive saliva samples had transcriptionally active HPV present in their tumors. CONCLUSION The presence of HPV DNA does not necessarily reflect transcriptionally active virus in tumors; hence, it is important to consider this fact while categorizing HPV-associated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka G Bhosale
- Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Manishkumar Pandey
- Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Rajiv S Desai
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
| | - Asawari Patil
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Shubhada Kane
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Kumar Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Manoj B Mahimkar
- Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.
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Melchers LJ, Clausen MJAM, Mastik MF, Slagter-Menkema L, van der Wal JE, Wisman GBA, Roodenburg JLN, Schuuring E. Identification of methylation markers for the prediction of nodal metastasis in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Epigenetics 2016. [PMID: 26213212 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1075689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypermethylation is an important mechanism for the dynamic regulation of gene expression, necessary for metastasizing tumour cells. Our aim is to identify methylation tumour markers that have a predictive value for the presence of regional lymph node metastases in patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOSCC). Significantly differentially expressed genes were retrieved from four reported microarray expression profiles comparing pN0 and pN+ head-neck tumours, and one expression array identifying functionally hypermethylated genes. Additional metastasis-associated genes were included from the literature. Thus genes were selected that influence the development of nodal metastases and might be regulated by methylation. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) primers were designed and tested on 8 head-neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and technically validated on 10 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) OOSCC cases. Predictive value was assessed in a clinical series of 70 FFPE OOSCC with pathologically determined nodal status. Five out of 28 methylation markers (OCLN, CDKN2A, MGMT, MLH1 and DAPK1) were frequently differentially methylated in OOSCC. Of these, MGMT methylation was associated with pN0 status (P = 0.02) and with lower immunoexpression (P = 0.02). DAPK1 methylation was associated with pN+ status (P = 0.008) but did not associate with protein expression. In conclusion, out of 28 candidate genes, two (7%) showed a predictive value for the pN status. Both genes, DAPK1 and MGMT, have predictive value for nodal metastasis in a clinical group of OOSCC. Therefore DNA methylation markers are capable of contributing to diagnosis and treatment selection in OOSCC. To efficiently identify additional new methylation markers, genome-wide methods are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Melchers
- a Dept. of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery ; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Groningen , The Netherlands
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