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Landauer AK, Tsinas Z, Kafka OL, Moser NH, Glover JL, Forster AM. Unintended consequences: Assessing thermo-mechanical changes in vinyl nitrile foam due to micro-computed X-ray tomographic imaging. MATERIALS & DESIGN 2023; 235:10.1016/j.matdes.2023.112381. [PMID: 38037589 PMCID: PMC10688219 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2023.112381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Micro-computed X-ray tomography (μCT) is a volumetric imaging tool used to quantify the internal structure of materials. μCT imaging with mechanical testing (in situ μCT) helps visualize strain-induced structural changes and develop structure-property relationships. However, the effects on thermophysical properties of radiation exposure during in situ μCT imaging are seldom addressed, despite potential radiation sensitivity in elastomers. This work quantifies the radiation dosage effect on thermo-, chemical-, and mechanical-properties for a vinyl nitrile-based foam. Material properties were measured after (0, 1, 2, and 3) days at (8.1 ± 0.9) kGy/d. Morphological characteristics were investigated via scanning electron microscopy. Thermal transitions were assessed using differential scanning calorimetry. Viscoelasticity was measured with dynamic mechanical analysis over a range from -30 °C to 60 °C. Higher dose lead to stiffening and increased dissipation. Chemical structure was assessed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Soxhlet extraction was used to measure gel content. In summary, substantial changes occur in thermophysical properties, which may confound structure-property measurements. However, this also provides a modification pathway. Quantitation and calibration of the properties changes informed a finite element user material for material designers to explore tunablity and design optimization for impact protection engineers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K. Landauer
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, 20899, MD, USA
| | - Zois Tsinas
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, 20899, MD, USA
- Theiss Research, La Jolla, 92037, CA, USA
| | - Orion L. Kafka
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, 80305, CO, USA
| | - Newell H. Moser
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, 80305, CO, USA
| | - Jack L. Glover
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, 20899, MD, USA
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, 20899, MD, USA
| | - Aaron M. Forster
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, 20899, MD, USA
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Luo R, Kang D, Huang C, Yan T, Li P, Ren H, Zhang Z. Mechanical Properties, Radiation Resistance Performances, and Mechanism Insights of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Irradiated with High-Dose Gamma Rays. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3723. [PMID: 37765577 PMCID: PMC10535737 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The radiation effect of materials is very important and directly related to the safety and reliability of nuclear reactors. Polymer materials, one of the indispensable materials in nuclear power equipment, must withstand the ordeal of high-energy ionizing rays. In this work, through screening different γ-ray dose irradiation conditions, we systematically and comprehensively study the changes in the structure and properties of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) before and after γ-ray static irradiation at a high dose rate, and master the rule and mechanism of the γ-ray static irradiation effect of these polymer materials. The mapping relationship between the macroscopic properties, microstructure, and irradiation dose of NBR is accurately characterized. With an increase in total irradiation dose, the C=C double bond reaction occurs, and the C≡N bond, C=C, and C=O participate in the hyper crosslinking reaction. The glass transition temperature (Tg) increases with the cumulative irradiation amount. With the increased total irradiation amount, the degree of rubber cross-linking increases, causing an increased crystallinity and decomposition temperature. A growing amount of gamma irradiation causes the mechanical properties of the rubber to degrade simultaneously, increasing the shore hardness while decreasing the tensile strength and ultimate elongation at break. When the cumulative amount reaches 1 MGy, the ultimate elongation at break decreases significantly. A cumulative dose of radiation resistance of 4 MGy can be achieved by the samples. This work can provide theoretical and experimental support for the long-term stability of nitrile butadiene rubber and its derivatives in nuclear radiation fields and space radiation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Luo
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Daoan Kang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tengfei Yan
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Pengyuan Li
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongxi Ren
- Guizhou Aerospace Technology Control Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Guizhou Aerospace Technology Control Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550025, China
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Influence of acrylonitrile butadiene elastomer as polymeric co-agent for crosslinking poly(vinyl chloride) by gamma radiation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-02974-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Şen M, Aksüt D, Karaağaç B. The effect of ionizing radiation on the temperature scanning stress relaxation properties of nitrile-butadiene rubber elastomers reinforced by lignin. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Craciun G, Manaila E, Ighigeanu D, Stelescu MD. A Method to Improve the Characteristics of EPDM Rubber Based Eco-Composites with Electron Beam. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010215. [PMID: 31952265 PMCID: PMC7023520 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A natural fiber reinforced composite, belonging to the class of eco composites, based on ethylene-propylene-terpolymer rubber (EPDM) and wood wastes were obtained by electron beam irradiation at 75, 150, 300, and 600 kGy in atmospheric conditions and at room temperature using a linear accelerator of 5.5 MeV. The sawdust (S), in amounts of 5 and 15 phr, respectively, was used to act as a natural filler for the improvement of physical and chemical characteristics. The cross-linking effects were evaluated through sol-gel analysis, mechanical tests, and Fourier Transform Infrared FTIR spectroscopy comparatively with the classic method with dibenzoyl peroxide (P) applied on the same types of samples at high temperature. Gel fraction exhibits values over 98% but, in the case of P cross-linking, is necessary to add more sawdust (15 phr) to obtain the same results as in the case of electron beam (EB) cross-linking (5 phr/300 kGy). Even if the EB cross-linking and sawdust addition have a reinforcement effect on EPDM rubber, the medium irradiation dose of 300 kGy looks to be a limit to which or from which the properties of the composite are improved or deteriorated. The absorption behavior of the eco-composites was studied through water uptake tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Craciun
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, # 409 Atomistilor St., 077125 Magurele, Romania; (G.C.); (D.I.)
| | - Elena Manaila
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, # 409 Atomistilor St., 077125 Magurele, Romania; (G.C.); (D.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniel Ighigeanu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, # 409 Atomistilor St., 077125 Magurele, Romania; (G.C.); (D.I.)
| | - Maria Daniela Stelescu
- National R&D Institute for Textile and Leather—Leather and Footwear Research Institute, # 93 Ion Minulescu St., 031215 Bucharest, Romania;
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Tsai W, Tsai H, Wong Y, Hong J, Chang S, Lee M. Preparation and characterization of gellan gum/glucosamine/clioquinol film as oral cancer treatment patch. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 82:317-322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Porter CP, Bezzina JP, Clegg F, Ogden MD. Polymeric seal degradation in nuclear power plants: Determination of physical and mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Porter
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Sheffield, Portobello Street; Sheffield S1 3JD UK
- R S Bruce Metals and Machinery Ltd., March Street; Sheffield S9 5DQ UK
| | - James P. Bezzina
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Sheffield, Portobello Street; Sheffield S1 3JD UK
| | - Francis Clegg
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street; Sheffield S1 1WB UK
| | - Mark D. Ogden
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Sheffield, Portobello Street; Sheffield S1 3JD UK
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Lou W, Zhang W, Liu X, Lou T, Xu D. Effects of medium phases on the thermal degradation of hydrogenated nitrile rubber O-rings under compression. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Lou
- School of Reliability and Systems engineering; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Weifang Zhang
- School of Reliability and Systems engineering; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xuerong Liu
- School of Reliability and Systems engineering; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Taishan Lou
- School of Electric and Information Engineering; Zhengzhou University of Light Industry; Zhengzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Xu
- School of Reliability and Systems engineering; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 China
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Lou W, Zhang W, Liu X, Dai W, Xu D. Degradation of hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR) O-rings exposed to simulated servo system conditions. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Porter CP, Edge R, Ogden MD. Polymeric seal degradation in nuclear power plants: Effect of gamma radiation on sealing properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Porter
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Sheffield; Portobello Street Sheffield S1 3JD United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Edge
- Dalton Cumbrian Facility University of Manchester Westlakes Science & Technology Park; Moor Row Cumbria CA24 3HA United Kingdom
| | - Mark D. Ogden
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Sheffield; Portobello Street Sheffield S1 3JD United Kingdom
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Manaila E, Craciun G, Stelescu MD, Ighigeanu D, Ficai M. Radiation vulcanization of natural rubber with polyfunctional monomers. Polym Bull (Berl) 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-013-1045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chang SJ, Kuo SM, You JL, Wu YR, Chen SY, Lee MW. Physical and biological effects of gellan gum on decreasing postoperative adhesion in a rat model. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911513475942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An antiadhesion membrane made from gellan gum was fabricated and characterized. A 12-µm-thick membrane of gellan gum was prepared and reacted with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide to obtain a cross-linked membrane (G/A70) with 87% gel content and a tensile strength of 46.5 MPa. In vivo, the G/A70 membrane had 90% less tissue adhesion. Inflammation-related and extracellular matrix protein gene expression in a rat model of abdominal surgery was found by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. On day 3, after surgery, the gene expression of ceruloplasmin and type V collagen in the G/A70-treated group was 1.9 and 0.3 times that of the control group, respectively. The G/A70 membrane elicited mild inflammation but suppressed type V collagen synthesis and reduced the occurrence of tissue adhesion. These findings provide insights into the properties of gellan gum antiadhesion membranes and help to overcome problems involving tissue adhesions in surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwu-Jen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Ming Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jhen-Lin You
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Rong Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ying Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lee MW, Tsai HF, Wen SM, Huang CH. Photocrosslinkable gellan gum film as an anti-adhesion barrier. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 90:1132-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Manshaie R, Nouri Khorasani S, Jahanbani Veshare S, Rezaei Abadchi M. Effect of electron beam irradiation on the properties of natural rubber (NR)/styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) blend. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2010.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Preparation, characterization and biological properties of Gellan gum films with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide cross-linker. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Network characteristics of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber networks obtained by radiation crosslinking by electron beam. Polym Degrad Stab 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Effect of crosslink density on some properties of electron beam-irradiated styrene–butadiene rubber. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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