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Yuan Z, Zhuo W, Yang S, Li Z, Zhao J, Chen B. Comparison of linear energy transfer measurement for therapeutic carbon beam using CR-39 and TLD. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2024; 44:021522. [PMID: 38834051 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ad53d9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The measurement of linear energy transfer (LET) is crucial for the evaluation of the radiation effect in heavy ion therapy. As two detectors which are convenient to implant into the phantom, the performance of CR-39 and thermoluminescence detector (TLD) for LET measurement was compared by experiment and simulation in this study. The results confirmed the applicability of both detectors for LET measurements, but also revealed that the CR-39 detector would lead to potential overestimation of dose-averaged LET compared with the simulation by PHITS, while the TLD would have a large uncertainty measuring ions with LET larger than 20 keVμm-1. The results of this study were expected to improve the detection method of LET for therapeutic carbon beam and would finally be benefit to the quality assurance of heavy ion radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yuan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihai Zhuo
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyan Yang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- Mevion Medical Equipment Co., Ltd, 135 Yuanfeng Road, Kunshan 215300, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiling Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfang Zhao
- Department of Medical Physics, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, 4365 Kangxin Road, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, 4365 Kangxin Road, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Chen
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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2
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Maeyama T, Hayashi K, Watanabe Y, Ohara M, Nakagawa S. Development of a silicone-based radio-fluorogenic dosimeter using dihydrorhodamine 6G. Phys Med 2023; 114:102684. [PMID: 37778206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2023.102684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A silicon-based three-dimensional dosimeter can be formed in a free shape without a container and deformed because of its flexibility. Several studies have focused on enhancing its radiological characteristics and assessing its applicability as a quality assurance tool for image-guided and adaptive radiation therapy, considering motion and deformation. Here, we applied a fluorescence probe (dihydrorhodamine 6G, DHR6G) to a silicon elastomer as a new radiosensitive compound that converts nonfluorescent into fluorescent dyes using irradiation, and its fluorescence intensity increases linearly with the absorbed dose. In this study, we demonstrated a cost-effective synthesis method and optimized the composition conditions. The results showed that the DHR6G-SE prepared from 2.2 × 10-3 wt% DHR6G, 0.024 wt% pyridine, and a silicone elastomer (SE) (SILPOT TM 184, base/curing agent = 10/1) exhibited a linear increase in fluorescence with radiation exposure within a dose range of 0-8 Gy and a highly stable sensitivity for as long as 64 h. To demonstrate its container-less characteristics, the possibility of dosimetry for low-energy X-rays using DHR6G-SE was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Maeyama
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan; RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Kiichiro Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yusuke Watanabe
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Maki Ohara
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-City, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Seiko Nakagawa
- Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute, 2-4-10 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
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Maeyama T, Mochizuki A, Yoshida K, Fukunishi N, Ishikawa KL, Fukuda S. Radio-fluorogenic nanoclay gel dosimeters with reduced linear energy transfer dependence for carbon-ion beam radiotherapy. Med Phys 2023; 50:1073-1085. [PMID: 36335533 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The precise assessment of the dose distribution of high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation remains a challenge, because the signal of most dosimeters will be saturated due to the high ionization density. Such measurements are particularly important for heavy-ion beam cancer therapy. On this basis, the present work examined the high LET effect associated with three-dimensional gel dosimetry based on radiation-induced chemical reactions. The purpose of this study was to create an ion beam radio-fluorogenic gel dosimeter with a reduced effect of LET. METHODS Nanoclay radio-fluorogenic gel (NC-RFG) dosimeters were prepared, typically containing 100 μM dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR123) and 2.0 wt% nanoclay together with catalytic additives promoting Fenton or Fenton-like reactions. The radiological properties of NC-RFG dosimeters having different compositions in response to a carbon-ion beam were investigated using a fluorescence gel scanner. RESULTS An NC-RFG dosimeter capable of generating a fluorescence intensity distribution reflecting the carbon-ion beam dose profile was obtained. It was clarified that the reduction of the unfavorable LET dependence results from an acceleration of the reactions between DHR123 and H2 O2 , which is a molecular radiolysis product. The effects of varying the preparation conditions on the radiological properties of these gels were also examined. The optimum H2 O2 catalyst was determined to include 1 mM Fe3+ ions, and the addition of 100 mM pyridine was also found to increase the sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS This technique allows the first-ever evaluation of the depth-dose profile of a carbon-ion beam at typical therapeutic levels of several Gy without LET effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Maeyama
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.,RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Anri Mochizuki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Fukunishi
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenichi L Ishikawa
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Fukuda
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
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Mizukami S, Watanabe Y, Mizoguchi T, Gomi T, Hara H, Takei H, Fukunishi N, Ishikawa KL, Fukuda S, Maeyama T. Whole Three-Dimensional Dosimetry of Carbon Ion Beams with an MRI-Based Nanocomposite Fricke Gel Dosimeter Using Rapid T1 Mapping Method. Gels 2021; 7:233. [PMID: 34940293 PMCID: PMC8701283 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI-based gel dosimeters are attractive systems for the evaluation of complex dose distributions in radiotherapy. In particular, the nanocomposite Fricke gel dosimeter is one among a few dosimeters capable of accurately evaluating the dose distribution of heavy ion beams. In contrast, reduction of the scanning time is a challenging issue for the acquisition of three-dimensional volume data. In this study, we investigated a three-dimensional dose distribution measurement method for heavy ion beams using variable flip angle (VFA), which is expected to significantly reduce the MRI scanning time. Our findings clarified that the whole three-dimensional dose distribution could be evaluated within the conventional imaging time (20 min) and quality of one cross-section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Mizukami
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan; (S.M.); (Y.W.); (T.G.); (H.H.)
| | - Yusuke Watanabe
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan; (S.M.); (Y.W.); (T.G.); (H.H.)
| | - Takahiro Mizoguchi
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan;
| | - Tsutomu Gomi
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan; (S.M.); (Y.W.); (T.G.); (H.H.)
| | - Hidetake Hara
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan; (S.M.); (Y.W.); (T.G.); (H.H.)
| | - Hideyuki Takei
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba 305-8576, Japan;
| | - Nobuhisa Fukunishi
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
| | - Kenichi L. Ishikawa
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan;
| | - Shigekazu Fukuda
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan;
| | - Takuya Maeyama
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan
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Improvement of light stability of DHR123 radio fluorogenic nano clay gel dosimeter by incorporating a new dispersant. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Medical application of particle and heavy ion transport code system PHITS. Radiol Phys Technol 2021; 14:215-225. [PMID: 34195914 DOI: 10.1007/s12194-021-00628-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) is a general-purpose Monte Carlo simulation code that has been applied in various areas of medical physics. These include application in different types of radiotherapy, shielding calculations, application to radiation biology, and research and development of medical tools. In this article, the useful features of PHITS are explained by referring to actual examples of various medical applications.
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Watanabe Y, Maeyama T, Mochizuki A, Mizukami S, Hayashi SI, Terazaki T, Muraishi H, Takei H, Gomi T, Shimono T. Verification of dose distribution in high-dose-rate brachytherapy using a nanoclay-based radio-fluorogenic gel dosimeter. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:175008. [PMID: 32485693 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab98d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dose distributions have become more complex with the introduction of image-guided brachytherapy in high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy treatments. Therefore, to correctly execute HDR, conducting a quality assurance programme for the remote after-loading system and verifying the dose distribution in the patient treatment plan are necessary. The characteristics of the dose distribution of HDR brachytherapy are that the dose is high near the source and rapidly drops when the distance from the source increases. Therefore, a measurement tool corresponding to the characteristic is required. In this study, using an Iridium-192 (Ir-192) source, we evaluated the basic characteristics of a nanoclay-based radio-fluorogenic gel (NC-RFG) dosimeter that is a fluorescent gel dosimeter using dihydrorhodamine 123 hydrochloride as a fluorescent probe. The two-dimensional dose distribution measurements were performed at multiple source positions to simulate a clinical plan. Fluorescence images of the irradiated NC-RFG were obtained at a high resolution (0.04 mm pixel-1) using a gel scanner with excitation at 465 nm. Good linearity was confirmed up to a dose range of 100 Gy without dose rate dependence. The dose distribution measurement at the five-point source position showed good agreement with the treatment planning system calculation. The pass ratio by gamma analysis was 92.1% with a 2%/1 mm criterion. The NC-RFG dosimeter demonstrates to have the potential of being a useful tool for quality assurance of the dose distribution delivered by HDR brachytherapy. Moreover, compared with conventional gel dosimeters such as polymer gel and Fricke gel dosimeters it solves the problems of diffusion, dose rate dependence and inhibition of oxygen-induced reactions. Furthermore, it facilitates dose data to be read in a short time after irradiation, which is useful for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Watanabe
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Hillbrand M, Landry G, Ebert S, Dedes G, Pappas E, Kalaitzakis G, Kurz C, Würl M, Englbrecht F, Dietrich O, Makris D, Pappas E, Parodi K. Gel dosimetry for three dimensional proton range measurements in anthropomorphic geometries. Z Med Phys 2018; 29:162-172. [PMID: 30249351 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Proton beams used for radiotherapy have potential for superior sparing of normal tissue, although range uncertainties are among the main limiting factors in the accuracy of dose delivery. The aim of this study was to benchmark an N-vinylpyrrolidone based polymer gel to perform three-dimensional measurement of geometric proton beam characteristics and especially to test its suitability as a range probe in combination with an anthropomorphic phantom. For single proton pencil beams as well as for 3×3cm2 mono-energy layers depth dose profiles, lateral dose distribution at different depths and proton range were evaluated in simple cubic gel phantoms at different energies from 75 to 115MeV and different dose levels. In addition, a 90MeV mono-energetic beam was delivered to an anthropomorphic 3D printed head phantom, which was filled with gel. Subsequently, all phantoms underwent magnetic resonance imaging using an axial pixel size of 0.68-0.98mm and with slice thicknesses of 2 or 3mm to derive a 3-dimensional distribution of the T2 relaxation time, which correlates with radiation dose. Indices describing lateral dose distribution and proton range were compared against predictions from a treatment planning system (TPS, for cubic and head phantoms) and Monte Carlo simulations (MC, for the head phantom) after manual rigid co-registration with the T2 relaxation time datasets. For all pencil beams, the FWHM agreement with TPS was better than 1mm or 7%. For the mono-energetic layer, the agreement with TPS in this respect was even better than 0.3mm in each case. With respect to range, results from gel measurements differed no more than 0.9mm (1.6%) from values predicted by TPS. In case of the anthropomorphic phantom, deviations with respect to a nominal range of about 61mm as well as in FWHM were slightly higher, namely within 1.0mm and 1.1mm respectively. Average deviations between gel and TPS/MC were similar (-0.3mm±0.4mm/-0.2±0.5mm). In conclusion, polymer gel dosimetry was found to be a valuable tool to determine geometric proton beam properties three-dimensionally and with high spatial resolution in simple cubic as well as in a more complex anthropomorphic phantom. Post registration range errors of the order of 1mm could be achieved. The additional registration uncertainty (95%) was 1mm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Landry
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Sandy Ebert
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - George Dedes
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Eleftherios Pappas
- Medical Physics Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christopher Kurz
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Würl
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Englbrecht
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Olaf Dietrich
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dimitris Makris
- Medical Physics Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Pappas
- Radiology & Radiotherapy Sector, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Katia Parodi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU Munich), Munich, Germany.
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Maeyama T, Fukunishi N, Ishikawa KL, Fukasaku K, Fukuda S. Organic-Gelatin-Free Nanocomposite Fricke Gel Dosimeter. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:4238-4246. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b11936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Maeyama
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato,
Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Fukunishi
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kenichi L. Ishikawa
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department
of Nuclear Engineering and Management, Graduate School
of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Fukasaku
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Himon’ya Hospital, 2-9-5 Minami, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-0013, Japan
- Advanced Center for Computing and Communication, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Fukuda
- Radiation
Quality Control Section, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Furuta T, Maeyama T, Ishikawa KL, Fukunishi N, Fukasaku K, Takagi S, Noda S, Himeno R, Hayashi S. Comparison between Monte Carlo simulation and measurement with a 3D polymer gel dosimeter for dose distributions in biological samples. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:6531-46. [PMID: 26266894 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/16/6531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this research, we used a 135 MeV/nucleon carbon-ion beam to irradiate a biological sample composed of fresh chicken meat and bones, which was placed in front of a PAGAT gel dosimeter, and compared the measured and simulated transverse-relaxation-rate (R2) distributions in the gel dosimeter. We experimentally measured the three-dimensional R2 distribution, which records the dose induced by particles penetrating the sample, by using magnetic resonance imaging. The obtained R2 distribution reflected the heterogeneity of the biological sample. We also conducted Monte Carlo simulations using the PHITS code by reconstructing the elemental composition of the biological sample from its computed tomography images while taking into account the dependence of the gel response on the linear energy transfer. The simulation reproduced the experimental distal edge structure of the R2 distribution with an accuracy under about 2 mm, which is approximately the same as the voxel size currently used in treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Furuta
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata-Shirane, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
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