Evaluation of X-ray spectra transmitted by different concrete compositions

Radiation Shielding Concrete with alternate constituents: An approach to address multiple hazards

Radiation Shielding Concrete (RSC) is a superior alternative to many conventional and modern shields against gamma and neutron radiation hazards. The present work is the first comprehensive review on utilization of alternate materials, emphasizing hazardous industrial byproducts, as constituents of RSC. Such usage enhances the performance, sustainability, and affordability of RSC. Added advantages are the immobilization of wastes and the conservation of natural resources for RSC. The review analyses incorporation of ferrous and non-ferrous slags, mines wastes, plastics, red mud, cathode ray tube's glass, metallic wastes, fly ash, silica fume, and miscellaneous residues. Besides, utilization of fibers, nanoparticles, and calcined clay is investigated. The influence on shielding efficiency is adjudged by scrutinizing changes in parameters such as half-value layer and linear attenuation coefficients. Similarly, variations in mechanical and durability properties are investigated and compared. The underlying responsible factors related to the physical, chemical and morphological characteristics of materials and their consequences on RSC's behavior are correlated. In association with alternatives, the advantages, disadvantages, and possible treatment methods are discussed. The country-wise, material-specific, and progressive research trends are revealed to facilitate future work in this upcoming field. Finally, conclusions are drawn with exposition of current bottlenecks and scope of future research.

Dose equivalent transmission data for shielding industrial x-ray facilities up to 800 kV

The transmission factors used to calculate radiation shielding around an industrial x-ray device are determined using the MCNP6 code. The transmission factors are given for high voltages ranging between 120 and 800 kV for lead and between 200 and 800 kV for concrete. In view of the high usage intensity of industrial devices, the transmission factors are evaluated up to 1.10^-10. The parameters used in the classic equation of Archer et al are derived from the transmission data calculated here. This type of data exists in the literature, but only for voltages lower than 150 kV to meet the design demands for facilities used in the medical field. In addition, this study markedly supplements the existing data, in particular for industrial and research installations.