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Wang Z, Cui F, Sui Y, Yan J. Radical chemistry in polymer science: an overview and recent advances. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1580-1603. [PMID: 37915554 PMCID: PMC10616707 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Radical chemistry is one of the most important methods used in modern polymer science and industry. Over the past century, new knowledge on radical chemistry has both promoted and been generated from the emergence of polymer synthesis and modification techniques. In this review, we discuss radical chemistry in polymer science from four interconnected aspects. We begin with radical polymerization, the most employed technique for industrial production of polymeric materials, and other polymer synthesis involving a radical process. Post-polymerization modification, including polymer crosslinking and polymer surface modification, is the key process that introduces functionality and practicality to polymeric materials. Radical depolymerization, an efficient approach to destroy polymers, finds applications in two distinct fields, semiconductor industry and environmental protection. Polymer chemistry has largely diverged from organic chemistry with the fine division of modern science but polymer chemists constantly acquire new inspirations from organic chemists. Dialogues on radical chemistry between the two communities will deepen the understanding of the two fields and benefit the humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiao Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Feichen Cui
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yang Sui
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jiajun Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 201210, China
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Pareek S, Jain U, Balayan S, Chauhan N. Ultra-sensitive nano- molecular imprinting polymer-based electrochemical sensor for Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) detection. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Bleed-out suppression of silicone rubber by electron beam crosslinking. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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4
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Tahir M, Raza A, Nasir A, Yasin T. Radiation induced graft polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate onto sepiolite. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Synthesis of surface ion-imprinted polymer for specific detection of thorium under acidic conditions. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-03094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhou X, Zhou X, Yan R, Shi X, Du Y, Chen Y, Yu Y, Fan D, Zhang Y. Co-effects of C/Ag dual ion implantation on enhancing antibacterial ability and biocompatibility of silicone rubber. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 15:065003. [PMID: 32503006 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab99d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although silicone implants are the most popular choice around the world for breast augmentation, reconstruction, and revision, due to the poor antibacterial properties and limited biocompatibility of silicone rubber (SR), one of the major complications, capsule contracture, is a lingering problem. To overcome the two main shortcomings, a dual ion implantation technique was applied to modify the surface of SR with the basic skeleton element of organic matter, carbon (C) and the broad-spectrum bactericide, silver (Ag). We present surface characterization, toxicological effects, and evaluation of the mechanical, antibacterial and biocompatible properties of C and Ag co-implanted SR (C/Ag-SRs). After ion implantation, surface roughness and tensile strength of these new materials increased. Biotoxicity was fully assessed by in vitro experiments on human fibroblasts and in vivo experiments on rats, showing that the low-Ag groups met safety standards. Both the anti-bacterial adhesion and bactericidal abilities of C/Ag-SRs were superior to those of SR, which had few antibacterial activities, especially against Staphylococcus epidermidis. With respect to biocompatibility, the adhesion of fibroblasts was promoted, while their proliferation was moderately inhibited on ion-implanted surfaces. After subcutaneous implantation in rats for 7, 30, 90 and 180 d, the capsular thickness around C/Ag-SRs was significantly lower than that around the SR. Additionally, there was no difference in the inflammatory reaction after 7 d of retention in vivo between C/Ag-SRs and SR. The results demonstrate that C/Ag-SRs are desirable shell materials for breast implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China. These authors contributed equally to this work
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Deriabin KV, Dobrynin MV, Islamova RM. A metal-free radical technique for cross-linking of polymethylhydrosiloxane or polymethylvinylsiloxane using AIBN. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8855-8858. [PMID: 32589173 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01061h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new method was developed for the metal-free cross-linking of silicone rubbers. This process uses azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) to selectively react with Si-H and vinyl groups as a free-radical initiator for the thermal curing of polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) and polymethylvinylsiloxane (PMVS). The AIBN-initiated curing reaction between the Si-H groups of PMHS generated Si-O-Si and Si-Si cross-links. In contrast, PMVS was cured via the formation of C-C bonds through "methyl-vinyl" and "vinyl-vinyl" mechanisms. Curing reactions were performed at 80-120 °C in air and confirmed by 13C and 29Si solid state NMR analyses and swelling trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin V Deriabin
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9, Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
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Controlled surface modification of silicone rubber by gamma-irradiation followed by RAFT grafting polymerization. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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9
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Modification of PDMS with acrylic acid and acrylic acid/ethylene glycol dimethacrylate by simultaneous polymerization assisted by gamma radiation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Alvarado AG, Rabelero M, Aguilar J, Flores Mejia J, Moscoso Sánchez FJ. Synthesis and characterization of butyl acrylate-co-poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate obtained by microemulsion polymerization. Des Monomers Polym 2020; 23:40-49. [PMID: 32284706 PMCID: PMC7144295 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2020.1739506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of copolymers of n-Butyl Acrylate (BA) and Poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) were realized by microemulsion. In this synthesis, the relation of PEGDMA 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% wt with respect to BA was changed. The copolymers obtained were characterized by the determination of conversions (gravimetry), infrared spectroscopy: Fourier transform (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), thermogravimetry (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results confirmed the synthesis of BA-co – PEGDMA copolymers by the identification of characteristic FTIR bands and which determined the glass transition temperature of the copolymers. The conversions were found in the range of 85% to 90%. Within the stability of the produced latex, it was observed that at 10% and 30% wt. of PEGDMA the systems were stable, but when more PEGDMA was added up 40% to 50% wt., the system became unstable. The stability of produced latexes depends on the PEGDMA contents and this must be less than 30% wt.; meanwhile the PEGDMA content greater than 30% wt. leads to unstable latexes, forming clots. Copolymers showed single glass transition temperatures between −53.37°C and −16.58°C, depending on the composition of PEGDMA in the copolymers. Resulting in the different arrangements of units of PEGDMA along in the chain affected the thermal properties of the final copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham G Alvarado
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica Eléctrica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Martin Rabelero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Jacobo Aguilar
- Departamento de Ciencias Tecnológicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, México
| | - Jorge Flores Mejia
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Francisco J Moscoso Sánchez
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
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Lencina MS, Rizzo C, Demitri C, Andreucetti N, Maffezzoli A. Rheological analysis of thermo-responsive alginate/PNIPAAm graft copolymers synthesized by gamma radiation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Pang LJ, Hu JT, Zhang MJ, Yang CG, Wu GZ. An efficient and reusable quaternary ammonium fabric adsorbent prepared by radiation grafting for removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:11045-11053. [PMID: 29411276 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel quaternary ammonium polyethylene nonwoven fabric for removing chromium ions from water was prepared via radiation-induced grafting of glycidyl methacrylate and further modification with N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine. The structural and morphological characteristics of the adsorbent were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry and differential thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The influences of several principal factors, including pH value, initial Cr(VI) concentration, contact time, and coexisting anions (including SO42-, CO32-, NO3-, PO43-, and Cl-), on adsorption performance were investigated via batch tests. The results showed that the optimum removal efficiency was 99.2% at pH 3 and the maximum adsorption quantity for Cr(VI) at 25 °C was 336 mg/g. The adsorption kinetic parameters were better fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the equilibrium data were described very well by the Freundlich isotherm model. Furthermore, the as-synthesized adsorbent exhibited excellent regeneration and recyclability while maintaining high adsorption performance after five adsorption/desorption cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Pang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Mao-Jiang Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Chen-Guang Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Guo-Zhong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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López-Saucedo F, Flores-Rojas GG, López-Saucedo J, Magariños B, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Concheiro A, Bucio E. Antimicrobial silver-loaded polypropylene sutures modified by radiation-grafting. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Improved covalent immobilization of lysozyme on silicone rubber-films grafted with poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-co-glycidylmethacrylate). Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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