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Chrisnasari R, Ewing TA, Hilgers R, van Berkel WJH, Vincken JP, Hennebelle M. Versatile ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange assay for high-throughput screening of lipoxygenase activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:266. [PMID: 38498184 PMCID: PMC10948578 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) catalyze dioxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) into fatty acid hydroperoxides (FAHPs), which can be further transformed into a number of value-added compounds. LOXs have garnered interest as biocatalysts for various industrial applications. Therefore, a high-throughput LOX activity assay is essential to evaluate their performance under different conditions. This study aimed to enhance the suitability of the ferrous-oxidized xylenol orange (FOX) assay for screening LOX activity across a wide pH range with different PUFAs. The narrow linear detection range of the standard FOX assay restricts its utility in screening LOX activity. To address this, the concentration of perchloric acid in the xylenol orange reagent was adjusted. The modified assay exhibited a fivefold expansion in the linear detection range for hydroperoxides and accommodated samples with pH values ranging from 3 to 10. The assay could quantify various hydroperoxide species, indicating its applicability in assessing LOX substrate preferences. Due to sensitivity to pH, buffer types, and hydroperoxide species, the assay required calibration using the respective standard compound diluted in the same buffer as the measured sample. The use of correction factors is suggested when financial constraints limit the use of FAHP standard compounds in routine LOX substrate preference analysis. FAHP quantification by the modified FOX assay aligned well with results obtained using the commonly used conjugated diene method, while offering a quicker and broader sample pH range assessment. Thus, the modified FOX assay can be used as a reliable high-throughput screening method for determining LOX activity. KEY POINTS: • Modifying perchloric acid level in FOX reagent expands its linear detection range • The modified FOX assay is applicable for screening LOX activity in a wide pH range • The modified FOX assay effectively assesses substrate specificity of LOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Chrisnasari
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya (UBAYA), Surabaya, 60293, Indonesia
| | - Tom A Ewing
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Roelant Hilgers
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem J H van Berkel
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marie Hennebelle
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Zhou Y, Chen G, Ma C, Gu J, Yang T, Li L, Gao H, Xiong Y, Wu Y, Zhu C, Wu H, Yin W, Hu A, Qiu X, Guan W, Zhang W. Nitrogen-doped carbon dots with bright fluorescence for highly sensitive detection of Fe 3+ in environmental waters. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 293:122414. [PMID: 36791662 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized stable nitrogen-doped carbon dots by a simple and economical one-step hydrothermal method using l-cysteine and anhydrous ethylenediamine as precursors. The prepared carbon dots have bright and stable blue light emission near 383 nm and can be used as fluorescent probes to detect the concentration of Fe3+ in environmental waters. It was demonstrated that due to intermolecular electrostatic interaction, a non-fluorescent complex N-CDs/Fe3+ is formed by coordination of Fe3+ with amino and carboxyl functional groups on the surface of carbon dots. Therefore, in combination with internal filtration effect, the fluorescence of carbon dots can be quenched in the presence of Fe3+, and the degree of quenching is linearly related to the concentration of Fe3+. The limit of detection in deionized water was as low as 0.069 μM with R2 of 0.998 and a linear range of 0.3 to 20 μM. In addition, satisfactory recoveries were achieved for the determination of Fe3+ in environmental water samples. The method is reliable, with highly sensitivity and selectivity, and has potential for practical applications in environmental metal analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Chaoqun Ma
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jiao Gu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Taiqun Yang
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yamin Wu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chun Zhu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hui Wu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenzhi Yin
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Anqi Hu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqian Qiu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weinan Guan
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
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Investigation of Colored Film Indicators for the Assessment of the Occasional Radiation Exposure. Gels 2023; 9:gels9030189. [PMID: 36975638 PMCID: PMC10048619 DOI: 10.3390/gels9030189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Occupational radiation exposure monitoring is well-established in clinical or industrial environments with various different dosimeter systems. Despite the availability of many dosimetry methods and devices, a challenge with the occasional exposure registration, which may occur due to the spilling of radioactive materials or splitting of these materials in the environment, still exists, because not every individual will have an appropriate dosimeter at the time of the irradiation event. The aim of this work was to develop radiation-sensitive films—color-changing radiation indicators, which can be attached to or integrated in the textile. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based polymer hydrogels were used as a basis for fabrication of radiation indicator films. Several organic dyes (brilliant carmosine (BC), brilliant scarlet (BS), methylene red (MR), brilliant green (BG), brilliant blue (BB), methylene blue (MB) and xylenol orange (XiO)) were used as a coloring additives. Moreover, PVA films enriched with Ag nanoparticles (PVA-Ag) were investigated. In order to assess the radiation sensitivity of the produced films, experimental samples were irradiated in a linear accelerator with 6 MeV X-ray photons and the radiation sensitivity of irradiated films was evaluated using UV–Vis spectrophotometry method. The most sensitive were PVA-BB films indicating 0.4 Gy−1 sensitivity in low-dose (0–1 or 2 Gy) range. The sensitivity at higher doses was modest. These PVA-dye films were sensitive enough to detect doses up to 10 Gy and PVA-MR film indicated stable 33.3% decolorization after irradiation at this dose. It was found that the dose sensitivity of all PVA-Ag gel films varied from 0.068 to 0.11 Gy−1 and was dependent on the Ag additives concentration. Exchange of a small amount of water with ethanol or isopropanol caused the enhancement of radiation sensitivity in the films with the lowest AgNO3 concentration. Radiation-induced color change of AgPVA films varied between 30 and 40%. Performed research demonstrated the potential of colored hydrogel films in their applications as indicators for the assessment of the occasional radiation exposure.
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Effect of gamma rays on sensitive prepared dyed gels as radiation dosimeters. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08524-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Impact of Salt on Thermal Stability and Dose Response of the Fricke-XO-Pluronic F-127 3D Radiotherapy Dosimeter. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155223. [PMID: 35955164 PMCID: PMC9369736 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fricke-XO-Pluronic F-127 has recently been proposed as a 3D dosimeter for radiotherapy. It contains the typical ingredients of the Fricke ionizing radiation dosimeter, which are embedded in a physical gel of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F-127). The main reactions upon irradiation are the conversion of Fe+2 to Fe+3 and the formation of a colored complex with XO ([XO-Fe]+3). The study attempts to optimize the dosimeter in terms of its solution-to-gel transition temperature. In order to lower this temperature, the use of NaCl salt has been proposed. The new composition was characterized in order to obtain information on its thermal performance, storage stability, dose response to irradiation with a medical accelerator emitting different types of radiation, and tissue equivalence. The results obtained show an improvement in the sol-gel transition temperature and dose sensitivity compared to the composition without NaCl and broaden the knowledge of the Fricke-XO-Pluronic F-127.
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How Xylenol Orange and Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate Influence the Dosimetric Properties of PVA–GTA Fricke Gel Dosimeters: A Spectrophotometric Study. Gels 2022; 8:gels8040204. [PMID: 35448105 PMCID: PMC9025870 DOI: 10.3390/gels8040204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of Fricke gel (FG) dosimeters based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as the gelling agent and glutaraldehyde (GTA) as the cross-linker has enabled significant improvements in the dose response and the stability over time of spatial radiation dose distributions. However, a standard procedure for preparing FG in terms of reagent concentrations is still missing in the literature. This study aims to investigate, by means of spectrophotometric analyses, how the sensitivity to the radiation dose and the range of linearity of the dose–response curve of PVA-GTA-FG dosimeters loaded with xylenol orange sodium salt (XO) are influenced by ferrous ammonium sulphate (FAS) and XO concentrations. Moreover, the effect of different concentrations of such compounds on self-oxidation phenomena in the dosimeters was evaluated. PVA-GTA-FG dosimeters were prepared using XO concentrations in the range 0.04–0.80 mM and FAS in the range 0.05–5.00 mM. The optical absorbance properties and the dose response of FG were investigated in the interval 0.0–42.0 Gy. The results demonstrate that the amount of FAS and XO determines both the sensitivity to the absorbed dose and the interval of linearity of the dose–response curve. The study suggests that the best performances of FG dosimeters for spectrophotometric analyses can be obtained using 1.00–0.40 mM and 0.200–0.166 mM concentrations of FAS and XO, respectively.
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Thermally Controllable Decolorization of Reusable Radiochromic Complex of Polyvinyl Alcohol, Iodine and Silica Nanoparticles (PAISiN) Irradiated with γ-rays. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12062959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Some medical and industry workers using ionizing radiation sources have potential risks of accidental high-dose exposure of their extremities, particularly their hands. While practical dosimeters suitable for on-site real-time monitoring of hand exposure are not yet available, they are desirable to be developed. Thus, the authors focused on the application of a reusable radiochromic complex composed of polyvinyl alcohol, iodide and silica nanoparticles, named “PAISiN”, and examined their dose responses and thermal stabilities of radiochromic reactions. Three PAISiN samples each were irradiated with 5, 10 and 20 Gy of 137Cs γ-rays, and time changes of the radiation-induced colors were observed at different temperatures: 20 °C (in a laboratory), 40 °C (in an oven) and 5.5 °C (in a refrigerator). It was confirmed that the PAISiN samples presented a red color that was easily detectable by the naked eyesight immediately after irradiation. The coloration was cleared within 24 h for 5 Gy irradiation at room temperature. The decolorization process was remarkably accelerated at 40 °C; it was erased in just 2 h. In contrast, storing in the refrigerator (5.5 °C) kept the color persistently for at least 4 days. These findings indicate that we could flexibly control the decolorization process of PAISiN in accordance with the objective of radiation monitoring.
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Study of the Optimal Composition and Storage Conditions of the Fricke-XO-Pluronic F-127 Radiochromic Dosimeter. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030984. [PMID: 35160929 PMCID: PMC8838533 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of research on the Fricke–XO–Pluronic F–127 dosimeter. It consists of a Fricke dosimetric solution and xylenol orange (XO), which are embedded in a matrix of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F–127). Upon irradiation, Fe+2 ions transform into Fe+3, forming a colored complex with XO ([XO-Fe]+3). The color intensity is related to the dose absorbed. The optimal composition, storage conditions, and radiation-induced performance of the Fricke–XO–Pluronic F–127 dosimeter were investigated. The optimal composition was found to be 1 mM FAS, 50 mM sulfuric acid (H2SO4), 0.165 mM XO in 25% Pluronic F–127. The basic features of this dosimeter are discussed, such as dose sensitivity, linear and dynamic dose range, stability before and after irradiation, storage conditions, dose response for irradiation with 6 and 15 MV photons, and batch-to-batch reproducibility. The obtained results showed a certain potential of the Fricke–XO–Pluronic F–127 for radiotherapy dosimetry.
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9
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Zhang XY, Li Y, Wang YY, Liu XY, Jiang FL, Liu Y, Jiang P. Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots with bright fluorescence for intracellular detection of iron ion and thiol. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 611:255-264. [PMID: 34953458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have been widely used in recent years because of their excellent water solubility and abundant surface functional groups. However, compared with quantum dots or biological probes, the quantum yield of CDs is lower, and the fluorescence mainly concentrated in the blue-green range, which significantly limits the biological applications of CDs. Heteroatoms doping is the most common method to improve the luminescence of CDs. In this work, nitrogen and sulfur co-doped luminescent CDs were successfully synthesized by microwave assisted method using glutathione (GSH) and p-phenylenediamine (PPD) as raw materials. It can emit bright green fluorescence in ethanol solution, and the maximum emission wavelength is 535 nm when excited at 374 nm, and the absolute quantum yield is as high as 63%. Iron ion (Fe3+) can interact with the functional groups on the surface of the CDs to form CDs/Fe3+, which is a non-fluorescence complex, and Fe3+ can be reduced to ferrous ion (Fe2+). In other words, the reaction mechanism of CDs and Fe3+ is a combination of dynamic quenching and static quenching. The fluorescence of CDs quenched by Fe3+ can be restored by thiol, because there is a stronger binding force between sulfhydryl (-SH) on the surface of thiol and Fe3+, which enables CDs to be released. In addition, the CDs has good biocompatibility and stability, indicating that it has excellent potential in bioimaging. This discovery will expand the application of CDs in the fields of biosensing and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences & Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences & Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences & Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences & Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Lei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences & Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences & Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation and Membrane Process, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences & Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
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Dudek M, Piotrowski M, Maras P, Jaszczak M, Kozicki M. Anisotropic diffusion of Fe ions in Fricke-XO-Pluronic F-127 and Fricke-XO-gelatine 3D radiotherapy dosimeters. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66. [PMID: 34192680 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac101e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new radiochromic dosimeter was examined with Raman spectroscopy and an optical approach for assessment of 3D dose distribution integrity. The acronym of the dosimeter is Fricke-XO-Pluronic F-127, where XO denotes xylenol orange; Pluronic F-127 is a copolymer matrix of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide), and the dosimeter contains the components of a Fricke dosimetric solution. Two dosimeter samples in cuvettes were partially irradiated such that a radiation dose was absorbed at the bottom of the cuvettes. After irradiation, one sample was stored upside down such that the irradiated part was at the top and another one was stored with the irradiated part at the bottom. Two diffusion coefficients of ferric ion complexes with XO ([XO-Fe]+3) were calculated. They were compared with those for similar dosimeter, however with gelatine matrix instead of Pluronic F-127. The results obtained indicate an impact of the gravitational force on the diffusion of [XO-Fe]+3ions over time after irradiation and thus a possibility of severely undermining the integrity of a dose distribution in irradiated dosimeter. The conclusions drawn suggest the necessity of examination of different 3D Fricke dosimeter compositions for anisotropic diffusion of ferric ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dudek
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - M Piotrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - P Maras
- Medical Physics Department, Copernicus Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - M Jaszczak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Informatics and Chemistry of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Technologies and Textile Design, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - M Kozicki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Informatics and Chemistry of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Technologies and Textile Design, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland.,GeVero Co., Lodz, Poland
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Low-Diffusion Fricke Gel Dosimeters with Core-Shell Structure Based on Spatial Confinement. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143932. [PMID: 34300851 PMCID: PMC8304938 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The diffusion of ferric ions is an important challenge to limit the application of Fricke gel dosimeters in accurate three-dimensional dose verification of modern radiotherapy. In this work, low-diffusion Fricke gel dosimeters, with a core-shell structure based on spatial confinement, were constructed by utilizing microdroplet ultrarapid freezing and coating technology. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), with its excellent hydrophobicity, was coated on the surface of the pellets. The concentration gradient of the ferric ion was realized through shielding half of a Co-60 photon beam field size, and ion diffusion was measured by both ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and magnetic resonance imaging. No diffusion occurred between the core-shell pellets, even at 96 h after irradiation, and the diffusion length at the irradiation boundary was limited to the diameter (2-3 mm) of the pellets. Furthermore, Monte Carlo calculations were conducted to study dosimetric properties of the core-shell dosimeter, which indicated that a PDMS shell hardly affected the performance of the dosimeter.
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12
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Marrale M, d’Errico F. Hydrogels for Three-Dimensional Ionizing-Radiation Dosimetry. Gels 2021; 7:74. [PMID: 34205640 PMCID: PMC8293215 DOI: 10.3390/gels7020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-sensitive gels are among the most recent and promising developments for radiation therapy (RT) dosimetry. RT dosimetry has the twofold goal of ensuring the quality of the treatment and the radiation protection of the patient. Benchmark dosimetry for acceptance testing and commissioning of RT systems is still based on ionization chambers. However, even the smallest chambers cannot resolve the steep dose gradients of up to 30-50% per mm generated with the most advanced techniques. While a multitude of systems based, e.g., on luminescence, silicon diodes and radiochromic materials have been developed, they do not allow the truly continuous 3D dose measurements offered by radiation-sensitive gels. The gels are tissue equivalent, so they also serve as phantoms, and their response is largely independent of radiation quality and dose rate. Some of them are infused with ferrous sulfate and rely on the radiation-induced oxidation of ferrous ions to ferric ions (Fricke-gels). Other formulations consist of monomers dispersed in a gelatinous medium (Polyacrylamide gels) and rely on radiation-induced polymerization, which creates a stable polymer structure. In both gel types, irradiation causes changes in proton relaxation rates that are proportional to locally absorbed dose and can be imaged using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Changes in color and/or opacification of the gels also occur upon irradiation, allowing the use of optical tomography techniques. In this work, we review both Fricke and polyacrylamide gels with emphasis on their chemical and physical properties and on their applications for radiation dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Marrale
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, “Emilio Segrè” ATeN Center, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco d’Errico
- Scuola di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- School of Medicine, Yale University New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Wolfel A, Chacón D, Romero MR, Valente M, Mattea F. Synthesis of a metal chelating monomer for radiation polymer dosimetry. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Dosimetric properties of sulfosalicylic acid-ferrous-polyvinyl alcohol-glutaraldehyde hydrogel dosimeters using magnetic and optical techniques. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Lazzaroni S, Liosi G, Mariani M, Dondi D. An innovative Fe3+ selective ligand for Fricke-gel dosimeter. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Gallo S, Gambarini G, Veronese I, Argentiere S, Gargano M, Ianni L, Lenardi C, Ludwig N, Pignoli E, d’Errico F. Does the gelation temperature or the sulfuric acid concentration influence the dosimetric properties of radiochromic PVA-GTA Xylenol Orange Fricke gels? Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Babu S. ES, Peace B.S. T, Rafic K. M, Raj E. WM, Christopher J. S, Ravindran B. P. Escalation of optical transmittance and determination of diffusion co-efficient in low-bloom strength gelatin-based Fricke gel dosimeters. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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d'Errico F, Lazzeri L, Dondi D, Mariani M, Marrale M, Souza SO, Gambarini G. Novel GTA-PVA Fricke gels for three-dimensional dose mapping in radiotherapy. RADIAT MEAS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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