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Khandaker MU, Mokhrizal NFB, Shuaibu HK, Sani SFA, Alzimami K, Bradley DA, Issa SAM, Osman H, Naseer KA, Hanfi MY. Radionuclides transfer from soil-to-tea leaves and concomitant doses to the Malaysian populace. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 212:111474. [PMID: 39146808 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
One of the most well-liked energizing drinks is now tea, which is primarily used in Malaysia. The natural radioactivity in the associated soils where tea plants are cultivated plays a major role in determining the presence of radionuclides in tea leaves. The present study assesses the transfer of radionuclides from soil-to-tea leaves and then estimates the committed effective doses through tea consumption. Tea leaves and the associated soils were obtained from the largest tea plantation area, which is located in the Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. The marketed tea leaves in powdered form were obtained from the supermarkets in Kuala Lumpur. HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry was used to determine the prevailing concentrations of long-lived radioactive materials in tea leaves. Activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in tea soils ranged from 49 to 101.7 Bq kg-1, 74.5-124.1 Bq kg-1 and 79.6-423.2 Bq kg-1, respectively, while the respective values in tea leaves are 14.4-23.8 Bq kg-1, 12.9-29.5 Bq kg-1 and 297-387.5 Bq kg-1. Transfer factors of radionuclides showed typical values (<1.0) except for the 40K. The threshold tea consumption rates suggest that one should not consume more than 67 g of tea leaves per day (around 4 g of tea leaves are needed for making 1 cup of tea, so 17 cups per day) to avoid negative health effects. Committed effective doses due to tea consumption are found to be lower (5.18-6.08 μSv y-1) than the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (2000) reference dose guidance limit of 290 μSv y-1 for foodstuffs; however, it should be noted that the guidance limit is recommended for all foodstuffs collectively. Providing data on natural radioactivity in tea leaves grown in Malaysia, this study may help people manage a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies Group, CCDCU, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Graduate Studies, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Hauwau Kulu Shuaibu
- Nuclear Science Programme, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Nigerian Defence Academy, PMB 2109, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - S F Abdul Sani
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khalid Alzimami
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - D A Bradley
- Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies Group, CCDCU, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; School of Physics and Mathematics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Shams A M Issa
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamid Osman
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 2425, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - K A Naseer
- MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman, 11831, Jordan
| | - Mohamed Y Hanfi
- Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Box 530 El-Maadi, Cairo, Egypt; Ural Federal University, St. Mira, 19, 620002, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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Spahiu E, Shyti M, Bërdufi I. A preliminary study on determination of radioactivity levels and estimation of the annual effective dose in dried fruits consumed in Albania. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2024; 200:403-408. [PMID: 38196003 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
This work aimed to support Albania's food safety monitoring regime. In this context, the natural and artificial radioactivity was measured in 20 samples of dried fruits collected randomly in different markets of Tirana. The activity concentration of 40K, 226Ra, 232Th and 137Cs was determined by using the high-purity germanium detector. The maximum values of activity concentration in dried fruits were calculated as 517 ± 22 Bq kg-1 for 40K, 11.10 ± 0.93 Bq kg-1 for 226Ra, 4.38 ± 0.26 Bq kg-1 for 232Th and 0.83 ± 0.14 Bq kg-1 for 137Cs. The average values of activity concentration of 40K and 226Ra were 269and 6.05 Bq kg-1 and the average effective dose to individuals from the intake of the dried fruits was 44 μSv y-1. All average values in this study were lower than recommended values by reports United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation, World Health Organization and International Commission on Radiological Protection for all age groups. Therefore, all dried fruit samples in this study are safe for consumption with acceptable radiological risk and none of them pose any significant radiological impact. The obtained data in this paper and information for levels of radioactivity and ingestion absorbed dose from dried fruits can be used to be the basic data for future comparative analysis of the other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erjon Spahiu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Blv. Zogu I, Tirana 1001, Albania
| | - Manjola Shyti
- Institute of Applied Nuclear Physics, University of Tirana, Str. Th. Filipeu, PO Box 85, Tirana 1001, Albania
| | - Irma Bërdufi
- Institute of Applied Nuclear Physics, University of Tirana, Str. Th. Filipeu, PO Box 85, Tirana 1001, Albania
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Khandaker MU, Zayadi NSB, Sani SFA, Bradley DA, Osman H, Alzamil Y, Almeshari M, Sayyed MI, Sulieman A. Norm in cultivated honey in Malaysia and concomitant effective dose to consumers. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:2174-2178. [PMID: 37934995 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Present study concerns the radiological character of Malaysian honey. A total of 18 samples (representative of the various most common types) were obtained from various honey bee farms throughout the country. Using a high-purity germanium γ-ray spectroscopic system, the samples were analysed for the naturally occurring radionuclides 226Ra, 228Ra and 40K. The respective range of activities (in Bq/kg) was: 3.49 ± 0.35 to 4.51 ± 0.39, 0.99 ± 0.37 to 1.74 ± 0.39 and 41.37 ± 3.26 to 105.02 ± 6.91. The estimated associated committed effective doses were derived from prevailing data on national consumption of honey, the annual dose being found low compared with the UNSCEAR reference dose limit of 290 μSv y-1. The estimated threshold consumption rate for honey indicates a maximum intake of 339 g/d, which poses an insignificant radiological risk to public health; however, the total dietary exposure may not, the guidance level of 290 μSv y-1 being applicable to dietary intake of all foodstuffs. The study is in support of the cultivation of a healthy lifestyle, acknowledging prevailing radioactivity within the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayeen U Khandaker
- Center for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International University, DIU Rd, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
| | - Nurul S B Zayadi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Fairus A Sani
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - David A Bradley
- Center for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Hamid Osman
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Alzamil
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2240, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshari Almeshari
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2240, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - M I Sayyed
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan
| | - Abdelmoneim Sulieman
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 422, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia
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Ugbede FO, Agbajor GK, Akpolile AF, Popoola FA, Okoye ONN, Akpobasahan EA, Umeche MA. Ingestion exposure of public to natural radionuclides and committed effective dose and cancer risk through tuber crops cultivated in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1385. [PMID: 37889342 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Internal exposure of public to radiation arising from ingestion of natural radionuclides in tuber crops of Ebonyi State origin was investigated in this study. Committed effective doses and lifetime cancer risk of 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th in cassava, cocoyam, water yam, and white yam were calculated. The average activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th determined by gamma spectrometric Na (TI) detector were, respectively, 199.15 ± 23.51, 77.57 ± 7.98, and 118.20 ± 10.72 Bq/kg in cassava; 146.62 ± 40.69, 43.42 ± 7.63, and 75.61 ± 2.89 Bq/kg in cocoyam; 162.81 ± 20.43, 63.17 ± 11.36, and 81.50 ± 10.27 Bq/kg in water yam; and 184.50 ± 20.22, 80.23 ± 10.93, and 116.29 ± 5.93 Bq/kg in white yam. The total committed effective dose via ingestion aligned in this order of cassava (7.05 mSv/year) > white yam (4.38 mSv/year) > water yam (0.42 mSv/year) > cocoyam (0.21 mSv/year) with overall average dose of 3.12 mSv/year. The values of dose were higher than world average of 0.29 mSv/year given by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). The lifetime cancer risk values were above tolerance level of >10-4 prescribed by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), suggesting probable evolvement of radiogenic cancer morbidity. The data presented in this study contributes to baseline information on radiological characteristics of tuber crops in Ebonyi, which would be valuable to WHO/FAO food safety policy in Nigeria and rest of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Felix Adegoke Popoola
- Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Glorious Vision University (Formerly Samuel Adegboyega University), Ogwa, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Okechukwu N N Okoye
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Evangel University, Akaeze, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
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Olszewski G, Moniakowska A, Zhang D, Strumińska-Parulska D. On the radiotoxic 210Po in coffee beans worldwide and the impact of roasting and brewing on its extraction into beverages: from the experiments to 210Po content prediction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:50198-50208. [PMID: 36790711 PMCID: PMC10104948 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25840-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
We determined radiotoxic 210Po in roasted coffee beans from different regions worldwide, the beverages, and tried to create the prediction model of 210Po content based on its growth location. Additionally, the experiments on 210Po losses and extraction were performed to describe the actual exposure to 210Po. 210Po concentrations in coffee beans and brews tuned out low (maximally of 0.20 Bq∙kg-1 and 2.31 Bq∙L-1, respectively). We assessed the impact of the roasting process on 210Po content and its losses at a maximum of 56.7%. During infusion experiments, we estimated the extraction of 210Po to the coffee brew at a maximum of 40.6%. The amount of 210Po in the coffee brew depended on the infusion style and water type. We calculated the effective radiation doses from the coffee drink ingestion. Coffee drinking does not contribute significantly to the annual effective radiation dose worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Olszewski
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Science, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine, Linköping University, 581 83, Linkoping, Sweden
- Environmental Chemistry and Radiochemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308, 63, Gdansk, Wita Stwosza, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Moniakowska
- Environmental Chemistry and Radiochemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308, 63, Gdansk, Wita Stwosza, Poland
| | - Dan Zhang
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dagmara Strumińska-Parulska
- Environmental Chemistry and Radiochemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308, 63, Gdansk, Wita Stwosza, Poland.
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Abdul Sani S, Muhamad Azim M, Marzuki A, Khandaker M, Almugren K, Daar E, Alkallas F, Bradley D. Radioactivity and elemental concentrations of natural and commercial salt. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Characteristics of radionuclides in soil and tea plant (Camellia sinensis) in Hoa Binh, Vietnam. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Absar N, Abedin J, Rahman MM, Miah MH, Siddique N, Kamal M, Chowdhury MI, Sulieman AAM, Faruque MRI, Khandaker MU, Bradley DA, Alsubaie A. Radionuclides Transfer from Soil to Tea Leaves and Estimation of Committed Effective Dose to the Bangladesh Populace. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:282. [PMID: 33801699 PMCID: PMC8066812 DOI: 10.3390/life11040282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the probable health risks due to radioactivity input via drinking tea, the concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th,40K and 137Cs radionuclides in the soil and the corresponding tea leaves of a large tea plantation were measured using high purity germanium (HPGe) γ-ray spectrometry. Different layers of soil and fresh tea leaf samples were collected from the Udalia Tea Estate (UTE) in the Fatickchari area of Chittagong, Bangladesh. The mean concentrations (in Bq/kg) of radionuclides in the studied soil samples were found to be 34 ± 9 to 45 ± 3 for 226Ra, 50 ± 13 to 63 ± 5 for 232Th, 245 ± 30 to 635 ± 35 for 40K and 3 ± 1 to 10 ± 1 for 137Cs, while the respective values in the corresponding tea leaf samples were 3.6 ± 0.7 to 5.7 ± 1.0, 2.4 ± 0.5 to 5.8 ± 0.9, 132 ± 25 to 258 ± 29 and <0.4. The mean transfer factors for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K from soil to tea leaves were calculated to be 0.12, 0.08 and 0.46, respectively, the complete range being 1.1 × 10-2 to 1.0, in accordance with IAEA values. Additionally, the most popularly consumed tea brands available in the Bangladeshi market were also analyzed and, with the exception of 40K, were found to have similar concentrations to the fresh tea leaves collected from the UTE. The committed effective dose via the consumption of tea was estimated to be low in comparison with the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) reference ingestion dose limit of 290 μSv/y. Current indicative tea consumption of 4 g/day/person shows an insignificant radiological risk to public health, while cumulative dietary exposures may not be entirely negligible, because the UNSCEAR reference dose limit is derived from total dietary exposures. This study suggests a periodic monitoring of radiation levels in tea leaves in seeking to ensure the safety of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Absar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh; (N.A.); (J.A.)
| | - Jainal Abedin
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh; (N.A.); (J.A.)
| | - Md. Mashiur Rahman
- Hughes Network Systems, 11717 Exploration Lane, Germantown, MD 20876, USA;
| | - Moazzem Hossain Miah
- Department of Physics, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (M.H.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Naziba Siddique
- Department of Physics, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (M.H.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Masud Kamal
- Atomic Energy Centre-Chittagong, Radioactivity Testing and Monitoring Laboratory, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Chittagong 4209, Bangladesh; (M.K.); (M.I.C.)
| | - Mantazul Islam Chowdhury
- Atomic Energy Centre-Chittagong, Radioactivity Testing and Monitoring Laboratory, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Chittagong 4209, Bangladesh; (M.K.); (M.I.C.)
| | - Abdelmoneim Adam Mohamed Sulieman
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 422, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
| | - David Andrew Bradley
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
- Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Abdullah Alsubaie
- Department of Physics, College of Khurma, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
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Evaluation of radiometric standards of major building materials used in dwellings of South-Western Nigeria. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hassan YM, Zaid HM, Guan BH, Khandaker MU, Bradley D, Sulieman A, Latif SA. Radioactivity in staple foodstuffs and concomitant dose to the population of Jigawa state, Nigeria. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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