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Napal B, García-Palacios JD, González-Mesones B, Napal JJ, Hernández JL. Retinal vein occlusion in the general population after COVID-19 vaccination and infection. Med Clin (Barc) 2023; 161:231-237. [PMID: 37263839 PMCID: PMC10167375 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2023.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is mostly a consequence of vascular risk factors (VRF). COVID-19 vaccines have been related to vascular and thrombotic events (VTE). OBJECTIVE To assess the RVO incidence in the general population in our health area and the possible relation with COVID-19 infection and vaccination. METHODS Demographic features, classic VRF, thrombophilia data, COVID-19 status, and Framingham risk score were collected prospectively. RESULTS 472 consecutive patients studied over 13 years with RVO were included (Valdecilla Cohort). Classic VRFs were present in 90%, antiphospholipid syndrome in 12.3%, and genetic thrombophilia in 13.5%. Ninety-one percent of RVO patients were vaccinated and 6.8% suffered COVID-19 infection. In the cohort, no patient had a new RVO after vaccination or infection. In the general population, 20 subjects had RVO after receiving the vaccine (0.006%). Overall, 8 cases occurred in the first-month post-vaccination and 12 after 30 days. In the early and late groups, there are 3 and 4 patients respectively, with a low-intermediate risk Framingham score. Twenty-nine patients in the cohort suffered SARS-CoV-2 infection, twenty-seven of them had RVO before infection. Two patients with low-risk Framingham scores had RVO after infection, one of them early (<1 month). CONCLUSIONS Vaccination and COVID-19 might be involved in the development of RVO in some cases, mainly in patients without VRF, thrombophilia, or chronic inflammatory conditions and with a lower Framingham score, especially in the first month after vaccination or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Napal
- Depto. de Medicina y Psiquiatría. Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | | | | | - José Luis Hernández
- Depto. de Medicina y Psiquiatría. Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Spain.
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González Bores P, Napal Lecumberri JJ, de la Torre Hernández JM, González-Mesones Galán B, Hernández Hernández JL. Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and retinal vein occlusion: The Valdecilla Cohort. Rev Clin Esp 2023; 223:77-83. [PMID: 36669741 DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) are associated with vascular risk factors (VRF) and aging. The aim of this study is to analyze differences in the prevalence of VRF, vascular events, glaucoma, and anticoagulant treatment in patients with NVAF and RVO compared to a control group of the general population from the same geographic area. METHODS This is a prospective, single-center, case-control study. All patients diagnosed with RVO from December 2008 to March 2020 as well as a control group were included. Clinical, laboratory, electrocardiographic, and carotid ultrasound variables were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 386 patients with RVO and 343 controls were studied. Patients with RVO and NVAF were older and more of them had hypertension, a history of vascular events, and carotid atheromatosis than subjects with RVO without NVAF. In patients with NVAF who were on anticoagulants, those who had RVO differed from the controls with NVAF in that they had a higher prevalence of glaucoma (32 vs. 5.3%; p<0.034), with no significant differences regarding age, VRF, vascular events, or type of anticoagulant therapy (acenocumarol or direct-acting oral anticoagulants). CONCLUSIONS Patients with RVO and NVAF were older and had a higher prevalence of hypertension and carotid atheromatosis than subjects with RVO without NVAF. Patients with NVAF and RVO had higher prevalence of glaucoma than subjects with NVAF without RVO. In patients with NVAF, it is recommended to optimized VRF treatment and glaucoma control to prevent the development of RVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- P González Bores
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
| | - J J Napal Lecumberri
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - J M de la Torre Hernández
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - B González-Mesones Galán
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - J L Hernández Hernández
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain; Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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González Bores P, Napal Lecumberri J, de la Torre Hernández J, González-Mesones Galán B, Hernández Hernández J. Fibrilación auricular no valvular y obstrucción venosa retiniana: la Cohorte Valdecilla. REVISTA CLÍNICA ESPAÑOLA 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Sanlés González I, Napal Lecumberri JJ, Pérez-Montes R, Cerveró Varona A, Casado Rojo A, Hernández Hernández JL. Retinal vein occlusion in patients under 50 years. Analysis of vascular risk factors, thrombophilia, carotid ultrasound findings and uncommon aetiologies. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2022; 97:443-449. [PMID: 35618638 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUTION Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) has been related to vascular risk factors and thrombophilia. METHODS This is a prospective cohort study of all patients diagnosed with RVO and referred to an Internal Medicine clinic of a tertiary teaching hospital during a 10-year period. Clinical, laboratory and supra-aortic trunks ultrasound variables were analysed and compared according to age. RESULTS Some 309 patients diagnosed with RVO were included, 25 of them younger than 50 years. The prevalence of high blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, hyperhomocysteinemia, and carotid plaque was significantly higher in patients >50 years than in those below. However, the prevalence of inherited thrombophilia was higher in the younger group (32.0% vs 11.4%; p = 0.005). Uncommon diseases related to RVO such as hepatitis C, thalassemia minor, Lyme disease, vasculitis, and periphlebitis were observed in young patients without vascular risk factors. CONCLUSION We suggest performing a genetic thrombophilia study in RVO patients younger than 50 years, while an exhaustive control of vascular risk factors is always recommended in all RVO patients. Moreover, we suggest bearing in mind uncommon diseases related to RVO, especially in young patients without vascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sanlés González
- Departmento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - J J Napal Lecumberri
- Departmento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - R Pérez-Montes
- División de Hematología, Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - A Cerveró Varona
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
| | - A Casado Rojo
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
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García Palacios JD, Puente Ruiz N, Napal Lecumberri JJ, Hernández Hernández JL. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on a cohort of patients with vein occlusion. Rev Clin Esp 2021; 221:587-591. [PMID: 34565709 PMCID: PMC8450061 DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives A new coronavirus disease in humans, COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, emerged in December 2019. It has been associated with the development of thrombotic phenomena. Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is mainly a consequence of vascular risk factors (VRF). This study aimed to analyze cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of patients with RVO (Valdecilla cohort). Patients and methods Between December 2008 and December 2020, 429 patients with RVO were attended to in our clinic. Ten patients had COVID-19, one of which did not have VRF or thrombophilia. The remaining nine patients had RVO prior to the infection and VRF, six had carotid atherosclerosis, and four had antiphospholipid syndrome. The infection did not cause thrombotic phenomena in any of them. Conclusions RVO is a rare manifestation of COVID-19. In our cohort of patients with RVO, COVID-19 disease did not lead to thrombotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D García Palacios
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
| | - N Puente Ruiz
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - J J Napal Lecumberri
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - J L Hernández Hernández
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain; Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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Lipid profile and serum folate, vitamin B 12 and homocysteine levels in patients with retinal vein occlusion. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2021; 33:169-174. [PMID: 33069456 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is mainly related with vascular risk factors (VRF). OBJECTIVES To analyze the lipid profile and serum folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels, in patients with RVO and a population-based control group. PATIENTS AND METHODS Case-control study. Patients with RVO were assessed during an 11-year period. RESULTS We included 368 patients and 325 controls of similar age and sex. HDL cholesterol and folate levels were lower (52 [43-63] mg/dL vs. 55 [46-66]; p = 0.016 and 7 [5-10] ng/mL vs. 9 [7-13]; p < 0.0001, respectively) and non-HDL cholesterol and homocysteine levels higher (148.9 ± 37.3 mg/dL vs. 142.9 ± 34.5; p = 0.03 and 13.4 [11.2-18.2] μmol/L vs. 11.1 [9.0-14.4]; p < 0.001) in patients with RVO than controls. Although total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglyceride levels were higher and serum vitamin B12 levels were lower in RVO patients, these differences did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS RVO-patients have lower serum HDL-C and folate levels and higher non-HDL-C and serum homocysteine levels than population-based controls of similar age and sex. In patients with RVO, apart from the lipid profile, determination of serum homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 levels might be useful, as well as the treatment of their alterations.
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García Palacios JD, Puente Ruiz N, Napal Lecumberri JJ, Hernández Hernández JL. [Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on a cohort of patients with vein occlusion]. Rev Clin Esp 2021; 221:587-591. [PMID: 34248175 PMCID: PMC8257408 DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives A new coronavirus disease in humans, COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, emerged in December 2019. It has been associated with the development of thrombotic phenomena. Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is mainly a consequence of vascular risk factors (VRF). This study aimed to analyze cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of patients with RVO (Valdecilla cohort). Patients and methods Between December 2008 and December 2020, 429 patients with RVO were attended to in our clinic. Ten patients had COVID-19, one of which did not have VRF or thrombophilia. The remaining nine patients had RVO prior to the infection and VRF, six had carotid atherosclerosis, and four had antiphospholipid syndrome. The infection did not cause thrombotic phenomena in any of them. Conclusions RVO is a rare manifestation of COVID-19. In our cohort of patients with RVO, COVID-19 disease did not lead to thrombotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D García Palacios
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, España
| | - N Puente Ruiz
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, España
| | - J J Napal Lecumberri
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, España
| | - J L Hernández Hernández
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, España.,Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, España
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Chan AX, Bakhoum CY, Bangen KJ, Bakhoum MF. Relationship between Retinal Vascular Occlusions and Cognitive Dementia in a Large Cross-Sectional Cohort. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 226:201-205. [PMID: 33529587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the association between cognitive dementia and retinal vascular occlusions. DESIGN A retrospective, cross-sectional study. METHODS Single-institution study population: we reviewed the electronic medical records of 37,208 individuals older than 65 years of age who were evaluated by an ophthalmologist or an optometrist and who also had a medical visit to our institution over a 6-year period. Individuals with and without retinal vascular occlusions were identified by International Classification of Diseases, version 10 (ICD-10) diagnostic codes. MAIN OUTCOME we analyzed the association between dementia and retinal vascular occlusions after adjusting for covariates which included age, sex, stroke, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension using multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Compared to subjects without retinal vascular occlusions, those with retinal vascular occlusions had a higher prevalence of dementia (6.7% vs. 9.3%, respectively; P < .001). After adjusting for either age or stroke, there were no significant associations between retinal vascular occlusions and dementia. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with retinal vascular occlusions have a higher prevalence of dementia. However, this association is secondary to shared underlying risk factors in this population, such as older age and stroke.
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Lisa Gracia M, Vieitez Santiago M, Salmón Gonzalez Z, Qiu Liu S, Hernández Hernández JL, Napal Lecumberri JJ. [Hypertension and Framingham general vascular risk score in retinal vein occlusion]. HIPERTENSION Y RIESGO VASCULAR 2019; 36:193-198. [PMID: 30837159 DOI: 10.1016/j.hipert.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AHT), systolic blood pressure (SBP), the diastolic blood pressure (DPB), and the Framingham vascular risk score (FRS), in subjects with retinal vein occlusion (RVO), as well as in a control group. PATIENTS AND METHOD A prospective, cross-sectional case and control study was conducted on all patients with a diagnosis of RVO referred to the General Medicine Clinic, and comparing them with a control group. An analysis was performed on the clinical and laboratory variables. RESULTS A total of 253 patients with RVO were studied (132 males and 121 females) and 244 controls (112 males and 132 females) of similar age (67.9±12.3 vs. 68.1±9.2 años). The prevalence of AHT, and the SBP and DPB values in the clinic after the RVO were significantly higher in patients with RVO than in the controls (71.5% vs. 51.2%), SBP mmHg (148±22 vs. 138±18mmHg), DBP mmHg (83±10 vs. 77±10mmHg). The de novo diagnosis of AHT was made from the RVO in 23.8% of the cases. Significant differences were found in the FRS between the patients with RVO and the controls (11±8.3 vs. 8.25±6.3. There were no differences in any of the parameters studied between patients with peripheral or central RVO. CONCLUSIONS Hypertension is very prevalent as significantly more common in patients with RVO than in controls. Its diagnosis and treatment is often established from the RVO. The FRS is greater in patients with RVO. There were no differences in any of the parameters studied between patients with peripheral or central RVO. It is suggested that RVO should be considered a vascular event when defining therapeutic objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lisa Gracia
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, España.
| | - M Vieitez Santiago
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, España
| | - Z Salmón Gonzalez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, España
| | - S Qiu Liu
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, España
| | - J L Hernández Hernández
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, España
| | - J J Napal Lecumberri
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, España
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Trombosis venosa retiniana: mucho trabajo por hacer. Rev Clin Esp 2017; 217:210-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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