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Cañizares-Prado S, Molina-López J, Moya MT, Planells E. Oral Function and Eating Habit Problems in People with Down Syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:2616. [PMID: 35270327 PMCID: PMC8909609 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder in which there is an increased risk of developing clinical comorbidities that require regular attention: health problems, alterations in maxillomandibular development, chewing and swallowing problems, as well as dietary habits that may influence diet and nutritional status. This study will analyze the frequency of occurrence of these factors with increasing age in this population. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 18 participants aged 30-45 years. The condition of orofacial structures, chewing and swallowing function and oral and eating habits were assessed to observe the frequency of occurrence of these problems with increasing age. RESULTS A high frequency of digestive problems was observed. There was also a presence of problems in the introduction of new tastes and consistencies. In addition, unilateral chewing was reported in 100% of the participants, severe anatomical dysfunction of the mandible/maxilla and high hypotonicity reflected in tongue movements. CONCLUSIONS it is necessary to educate, through specific intervention protocols, the younger generations with DS, as well as their environment, as harmful habits are developed in childhood and consolidated throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Cañizares-Prado
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Granadown, Down Syndrome Association of Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Jorge Molina-López
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | | | - Elena Planells
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
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Diaz AJ, Rosety I, Ordonez FJ, Brenes F, Garcia-Gomez N, Castejon-Riber C, Rosety-Rodriguez M, Bernardi M, Alvero-Cruz JR, Rosety MA. Effects of Resistance Training in Muscle Mass and Markers of Muscle Damage in Adults with Down Syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18178996. [PMID: 34501582 PMCID: PMC8431092 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18178996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have emphasized that regular exercise should be encouraged as a key part of care and support for people with Down syndrome (DS). However, muscle hypotonia has traditionally been considered a major barrier to resistance training (RT) in people with DS. The main objective of this study was to analyze the impact of circuit RT on markers of muscle damage. The secondary objective was to assess the influence of a RT program on body composition and work task performance. Thirty-six men with DS were recruited and randomly assigned to perform a circuit RT program with six stations 3 days/week for 12 weeks (n = 18) or to a control group (n = 18). Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Serum markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase, myoglobin, and lactate dehydrogenase) were determined at baseline and at the end of training weeks 1, 6, and 12. Work task performance was assessed using the weighted pail-carry test. RT did not induce significant changes in markers of muscle damage during the intervention. Furthermore, muscle mass and work task performance were significantly improved in the exercise group. These findings suggest that circuit RT can be used safely to increase muscle mass and work task performance in young adults with DS. Muscle hypotonia should not be considered a major barrier to exercise in people with DS, provided that qualified staff design and supervise all training sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignacio Rosety
- School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-956015201
| | - Francisco J. Ordonez
- School of Sports Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (F.J.O.); (M.R.-R.)
| | - Francisco Brenes
- Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain;
| | | | | | | | - Marco Bernardi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology V. Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Jose Ramon Alvero-Cruz
- Department of Human Physiology, Histology, Pathological Anatomy and Sports Physical Education, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Miguel A. Rosety
- School of Sports Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain;
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Real de Asua D, Mayer MA, Ortega MDC, Borrel JM, Bermejo TDJ, González-Lamuño D, Manso C, Moldenhauer F, Carmona-Iragui M, Hüls A, Sherman SL, Strydom A, de la Torre R, Dierssen M. Comparison of COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Pneumonia in Down Syndrome. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3748. [PMID: 34442043 PMCID: PMC8397064 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether the increased risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalization and death observed in Down syndrome (DS) are disease specific or also occur in individuals with DS and non-COVID-19 pneumonias is unknown. This retrospective cohort study compared COVID-19 cases in persons with DS hospitalized in Spain reported to the Trisomy 21 Research Society COVID-19 survey (n = 86) with admissions for non-COVID-19 pneumonias from a retrospective clinical database of the Spanish Ministry of Health (n = 2832 patients). In-hospital mortality rates were significantly higher for COVID-19 patients (26.7% vs. 9.4%), especially among individuals over 40 and patients with obesity, dementia, and/or epilepsy. The mean length of stay of deceased patients with COVID-19 was significantly shorter than in those with non-COVID-19 pneumonias. The rate of admission to an ICU in patients with DS and COVID-19 (4.3%) was significantly lower than that reported for the general population with COVID-19. Our findings confirm that acute SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to higher mortality than non-COVID-19 pneumonias in individuals with DS, especially among adults over 40 and those with specific comorbidities. However, differences in access to respiratory support might also account for some of the heightened mortality of individuals with DS with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Real de Asua
- Adult Down Syndrome Outpatient Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.d.A.); (F.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Mayer
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - María del Carmen Ortega
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Institute i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | | | - Domingo González-Lamuño
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-Universidad de Cantabria, 39008 Santander, Spain;
| | | | - Fernando Moldenhauer
- Adult Down Syndrome Outpatient Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.d.A.); (F.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Carmona-Iragui
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain;
- Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana de Síndrome de Down, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anke Hüls
- Department of Epidemiology and Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Stephanie L. Sherman
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Andre Strydom
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK;
- The London Down Syndrome (LonDownS) Consortium, London, United Kingdom and South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Neurosciences Research Programme, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Center for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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