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Arunsi UO, Chioma OE, Etusim PE, Owumi SE. Indigenous Nigeria medicinal herbal remedies: A potential source for therapeutic against rheumatoid arthritis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1148-1178. [PMID: 35708153 PMCID: PMC9335509 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221102901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating disease associated with locomotion impairment, and conventional therapeutic drugs are not optimal for managing RA. There is an avalanche of medications used for the management of RA. Still, studies have shown that they are associated with severe side effects, including hepatotoxicity, retinopathy, and cardiotoxicity disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), skin, blood, and infections. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is currently gaining attention as a novel panacea for managing debilitating diseases, such as RA. Nigerian folk herbal remedies are replete with a plethora of curative medicine, albeit unvalidated scientifically but with seemingly miraculous provenance. Studies of the identification of bioactive compounds present in these botanicals using advanced spectral analytical techniques have enhanced our understanding of the role of Nigerian herbal remedies in the treatment and management of RA. Interestingly, experimental studies abound that the bioactive compounds present in the extracts of plant botanicals protected animals from the development of RA in different experimental models and reduced the toxicity associated with conventional therapeutics. Validated mechanisms of RA amelioration in human and animal models include suppression of the expression of NF-κB, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-23, chemokines, TGF-β, RANKL, RANK, iNOS, arginase, COX-2, VEGFA, VEGFR, NFATC1, and TRAP in the synoviocytes. Decreased ROS, NO, MDA, carbonyl groups, and PGE2 in the synovial fluid increased the expression of PPARα/γ; antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecules also improve RA etiology. In this mini-review, we discuss the global burden of RA, the novel role of plant-based botanicals as potential therapeutics against signaling pathways in RA. Also addressed is the possible repurposing/reprofiling of plant botanicals to increase their therapeutic index among RA patients that patronize traditional healers in Nigeria with a global projection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uche O Arunsi
- Cancer Immunology and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Physical Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, 440001, Nigeria
| | - Ogbuka E Chioma
- Department of Social and Environmental Forestry, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
| | - Paschal E Etusim
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological and Physical Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu 200, Nigeria
| | - Solomon E Owumi
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria,Solomon Owumi.
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Induction of apoptosis in activated RAW 264.7 cells and inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators in rat air pouch by ethylacetate fraction of Ocimum gratissimum leaves. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00554-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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So IS, Kang JH, Hong JW, Sung S, Hasan AF, Sa KH, Han SW, Kim IS, Kang YM. A novel apoptosis probe, cyclic ApoPep-1, for in vivo imaging with multimodal applications in chronic inflammatory arthritis. Apoptosis 2021; 26:209-218. [PMID: 33655467 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays an essential role in the pathophysiologic processes of rheumatoid arthritis. A molecular probe that allows spatiotemporal observation of apoptosis in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo concomitantly would be useful to monitoring or predicting pathophysiologic stages. In this study we investigated whether cyclic apoptosis-targeting peptide-1 (CApoPep-1) can be used as an apoptosis imaging probe in inflammatory arthritis. We tested the utility of CApoPep-1 for detecting apoptotic immune cells in vitro and ex vivo using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. The feasibility of visualizing and quantifying apoptosis using this probe was evaluated in a murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model, especially after treatment. CApoPep-1 peptide may successfully replace Annexin V for in vitro and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay for ex vivo in the measurement of apoptotic cells, thus function as a sensitive probe enough to be used clinically. In vivo imaging in CIA mice revealed that CApoPep-1 had 42.9 times higher fluorescence intensity than Annexin V for apoptosis quantification. Furthermore, it may be used as an imaging probe for early detection of apoptotic response in situ after treatment. The CApoPep-1 signal was mostly co-localized with the TUNEL signal (69.6% of TUNEL+ cells) in defined cell populations in joint tissues of CIA mice. These results demonstrate that CApoPep-1 is sufficiently sensitive to be used as an apoptosis imaging probe for multipurpose applications which could detect the same target across in vitro, in vivo, to ex vivo in inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Seop So
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Wan Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shijin Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Al Faruque Hasan
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum Hee Sa
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Han
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - In San Kim
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Janczi T, Böhm BB, Fehrl Y, DeGiacomo P, Kinne RW, Burkhardt H. ADAM15 in Apoptosis Resistance of Synovial Fibroblasts: Converting Fas/CD95 Death Signals Into the Activation of Prosurvival Pathways by Calmodulin Recruitment. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 71:63-72. [PMID: 30003689 DOI: 10.1002/art.40667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate mechanisms underlying the capability of ADAM15 to transform FasL-mediated death-inducing signals into prosurvival activation of Src and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs). METHODS Caspase 3/7 activity and apoptosis rate were determined in RASFs and ADAM15-transfected T/C28a4 cells upon Fas/CD95 triggering using enzyme assays and annexin V staining. Phosphorylated Src and FAK were analyzed by immunoblotting. Interactions of ADAM15 and CD95 with calmodulin (CaM), Src, or FAK were analyzed by pull-downs using CaM-Sepharose and coimmunoprecipitations with specific antibodies. Protein binding assays were performed using recombinant CaM and ADAM15. Immunofluorescence was performed to investigate subcellular colocalization of ADAM15, Fas/CD95, and CaM. RESULTS The antiapoptotic effect of ADAM15 in FasL-stimulated cells was demonstrated either by increased apoptosis of cells transfected with an ADAM15 construct lacking the cytoplasmic domain compared to cells transfected with full-length ADAM15 or by reduced apoptosis resistance of RASFs upon RNA interference silencing of ADAM15. Fas ligation triggered a Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ /calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (CRAC/Orai1) channel-dependent CaM recruitment to Fas/CD95 and ADAM15 in the cell membrane. Simultaneously, Src associated with CaM was shown to become engaged in the ADAM15 complex also containing cytoplasmic-bound FAK. Accordingly, Fas ligation in RASFs led to ADAM15-dependent phosphorylation of Src and FAK, which was associated with increased survival. Pharmacologic interference with either the CaM inhibitor trifluoperazine or the CRAC/Orai inhibitor BTP-2 simultaneously applied with FasL synergistically enhanced Fas-mediated apoptosis in RASFs. CONCLUSION ADAM15 provides a scaffold for formation of CaM-dependent prosurvival signaling complexes upon CRAC/Orai coactivation by FasL-induced death signals and a potential therapeutic target to break apoptosis resistance in RASFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Janczi
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Beate B Böhm
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yuliya Fehrl
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Pangrazio DeGiacomo
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Harald Burkhardt
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, and Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Kim EY, Sudini K, Singh AK, Haque M, Leaman D, Khuder S, Ahmed S. Ursolic acid facilitates apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts by inducing SP1-mediated Noxa expression and proteasomal degradation of Mcl-1. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201800425R. [PMID: 29799788 PMCID: PMC6181629 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800425r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by hyperplastic pannus formation mediated by activated synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) that cause joint destruction. We have shown earlier that RASFs exhibit resistance to apoptosis, primarily as a result of enhanced expression of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1). In this study, we discovered that ursolic acid (UA), a plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid, selectively induces B-cell lymphoma 2 homology 3-only protein Noxa in human RASFs. We observed that UA-induced Noxa expression was followed by a consequent decrease in Mcl-1 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Subsequent evaluation of the signaling pathways showed that UA-induced Noxa is primarily mediated by the JNK pathway in human RASFs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (IP) studies into the promoter region of Noxa indicated the role of transcription factor specificity protein 1 in JNK-mediated Noxa expression. Furthermore, the results from IP studies and proximity ligation assays indicated that UA-induced Noxa colocalizes and associates with Mcl-1 to prime it for proteasomal degradation through K48-linked ubiquitination by the selective recruitment of Mcl-1 ubiquitin ligase E3, a homologous to E6-associated protein C terminus domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase. These findings unveil a novel mechanism of inducing apoptosis in RASFs and a potential adjunct therapeutic strategy of regulating synovial hyperplasia in RA.-Kim, E. Y., Sudini, K., Singh, A. K., Haque, M., Leaman, D., Khuder, S., Ahmed, S. Ursolic acid facilitates apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts by inducing SP1-mediated Noxa expression and proteasomal degradation of Mcl-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Y. Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Kuladeep Sudini
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Anil K. Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Mahamudul Haque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Douglas Leaman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Sadik Khuder
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Department of Public Health, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Salahuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Ye H, Zhang J, Wang J, Gao Y, Du Y, Li C, Deng M, Guo J, Li Z. CD4 T-cell transcriptome analysis reveals aberrant regulation of STAT3 and Wnt signaling pathways in rheumatoid arthritis: evidence from a case-control study. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:76. [PMID: 25880754 PMCID: PMC4392874 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0590-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease in which T cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis. Knowledge in terms of the CD4 T-cell transcriptome in RA is limited. The aim of this study was to examine the whole-genome transcription profile of CD4 T cells in RA by comparing patients with RA to healthy controls. METHODS Peripheral blood CD4 T cells were isolated from 53 RA patients with active disease and 45 healthy individuals; 13 cases and 10 controls were enrolled in microarray analysis. The remaining 40 cases and 35 controls were recruited as an independent cohort for the validation study. Bioinformatics was performed on Gene Ontology (GO), gene-gene interaction networks, and pathway analysis. The gene modules, by combining the results from GO, gene networks, and pathway analysis, were selected for further validation. RESULTS The CD4 T cells showed 1,496 differentially expressed (DE) genes in RA patients relative to healthy individuals. GO analysis revealed that the DE genes were enriched in immune response, T-cell response, apoptosis process, and Wnt receptor signaling. Pathway analysis also identified that 'Wnt signaling pathway' was differentially regulated between two groups (P=2.78×10(-10)). By gene-gene network analysis, we found that the DE genes were enriched in T-cell receptor (TCR), JAK-STAT signaling, and Wnt signaling pathway. By gene module analysis, we found that a number of DE genes overlapped in the three different analyses. In total, 23 genes were selected for further validation, and nine genes were confirmed. Of these, four genes (SOCS3, CBL, IFNAR1, and PIK3CA) were involved in STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) signaling, and three genes (CBL, KLF9, and CSNK2A1) were involved in the Wnt signaling pathway. Additionally, several zinc finger transcription factors (ZEB1, ZNF292, and ZNF644) were confirmed. CONCLUSIONS We report here the first case-control study of the CD4 T-cell transcriptome profile in RA. Our data provide evidence that CD4 T cells from patients with RA have abnormal functional networks in STAT3 signaling and Wnt signaling. Our results also suggest that the aberrant expression of several zinc finger transcription factors (ZEB1, ZNF292, and ZNF644) may be potential pathogenic factors for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ye
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 South Xizhimen Street, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 South Xizhimen Street, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, 136 North Zhong-guan-cun Street, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Yanyan Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 South Xizhimen Street, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 South Xizhimen Street, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 South Xizhimen Street, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Minghua Deng
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, 136 North Zhong-guan-cun Street, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Jianping Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 South Xizhimen Street, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 South Xizhimen Street, Beijing, 100044, China.
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Hong S, Kim EJ, Lee EJ, San Koo B, Min Ahn S, Bae SH, Lim DH, Kim YG, Yoo B, Lee CK. TNF-α confers resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis through the induction of soluble Fas. Life Sci 2015; 122:37-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
Dysfunctional intracellular signaling involving deregulated activation of the Janus Kinase/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK/STAT) and "cross-talk" between JAK/STAT and the stress-activated protein kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (SAPK/MAPK) and Phosphatidylinositide-3-Kinase/AKT/mammalian Target of Rapamycin (PI-3K/AKT/mTOR) pathways play a critical role in rheumatoid arthritis. This is exemplified by immune-mediated chronic inflammation, up-regulated matrix metalloproteinase gene expression, induction of articular chondrocyte apoptosis and "apoptosis-resistance" in rheumatoid synovial tissue. An important consideration in the development of novel therapeutics for rheumatoid arthritis will be the extent to which inhibiting these signal transduction pathways will sufficiently suppress immune cell-mediated inflammation to produce a lasting clinical remission and halt the progression of rheumatoid arthritis pathology. In that regard, the majority of the evidence accumulated over the past decade indicated that merely suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated JAK/ STAT, SAPK/MAPK or PI-3K/AKT/mTOR activation in RA patients may be necessary but not sufficient to result in clinical improvement. Thus, targeting aberrant enzyme activities of spleen tyrosine kinase, sphingosine kinases-1, -2, transforming growth factor β-activated kinase-1, bone marrow kinase, and nuclear factor-κB-inducing kinase for intervention may also have to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Malemud
- Arthritis Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Liu D, Li P, Song S, Liu Y, Wang Q, Chang Y, Wu Y, Chen J, Zhao W, Zhang L, Wei W. Pro-apoptotic effect of epigallo-catechin-3-gallate on B lymphocytes through regulating BAFF/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in rats with collagen-induced arthritis. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 690:214-25. [PMID: 22760071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling mediated by B cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF) involved in anti-apoptosis of B lymphocytes in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and the regulation of epigallo-catechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Sprague-Dawley rats were immunized to induce CIA. CIA rats were randomly separated into different groups and treated with EGCG (40, 80 mg/kg), Paeoniflorin (100mg/kg) from day 18 to day 38 after immunization. The effects of EGCG on B lymphocytes were evaluated by the levels of BAFF, anti-CII antibody, IgA, IgG and IgM, and the expressions of BAFF receptor, P110δ, p-Akt, mTORC1, Bcl-xL and Bim. B lymphocyte proliferations were analyzed by MTT assay. Apoptosis of B lymphocyte were assayed by flow cytometry. Results showed that, in CIA rats, the levels of BAFF, anti-CII antibody, IgA, IgG and IgM enhanced. BAFF receptor, P110δ, p-AKT, mTORC1 and Bcl-xL were expressed highly, while Bim expression decreased. EGCG (40, 80 mg/kg) and Paeoniflorin decreased the levels of BAFF, anti-CII antibody, IgA, IgG, IgM and the expressions of BAFF receptor, P110δ, p-AKT, mTORC1, Bcl-xL in CIA rats, and increased Bim expression. Further studies showed that EGCG could reduce the expression of P110δ and mTORC1 in vitro. EGCG inhibited B lymphocyte proliferation and induced B lymphocyte apoptosis. In conclusion, BAFF/BAFF receptor might regulate B cell anti-apoptosis through PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. EGCG had therapeutic effects on CIA rats, which might be relative to the inhibition effects of EGCG on BAFF and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, and then the apoptosis of B lymphocytes was promoted further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Education Ministry of China, 230032 Hefei, China
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Pharmacodynamics of curcumin as DNA hypomethylation agent in restoring the expression of Nrf2 via promoter CpGs demethylation. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1073-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Shi Q, Tian X, Zhao Y, Luo H, Tian Y, Luo A. Anti-arthritic effects of FasL gene transferred intra-articularly by an inducible lentiviral vector containing improved tet-on system. Rheumatol Int 2011; 34:51-7. [PMID: 21792649 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-011-2002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to construct and identify an inducible lentiviral vector containing improved tet-on system and FasL gene and observe its effects on pristane-induced arthritis (PIA). FasL gene was amplified from the spleen of Lewis rats by RT-PCR. The tet-on system was improved with insertion of a chicken chromatin insulator (cHS4) element and an rtTA-dependent, tet-responsive element containing modifications of the tetO sequence (TRE-tight1). Pro-apoptosis effect of the vector pTREFasLcHS4V16 on synovial cells was evaluated by flow cytometer in vitro. Anti-arthritis effects of the vector on PIA after intra-articular injection were observed by clinical evaluation and joint histology. Cytokines in synovial tissue were measured by ELISA. The recombinant inducible lentiviral vector pTREFasLcHS4V16 was successfully constructed. The expression response and the pro-apoptosis effects of the vector were doxycycline dose-dependent. The vector injected intra-articularly attenuated the severity of PIA and decreased the level of cytokines in inflamed joints. pTREFasLcHS4V16 with an improved tet-on system can precisely regulate the expression of FasL gene and apoptosis. Anti-arthritis effects were observed after intra-articular injection of the inducible vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
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Gründemann C, Gruber CW, Hertrampf A, Zehl M, Kopp B, Huber R. An aqueous birch leaf extract of Betula pendula inhibits the growth and cell division of inflammatory lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 136:444-451. [PMID: 21619918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leaf extracts of Betula pendula have been traditionally used for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or osteoarthritis. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the anti-proliferative capacity of an aqueous leaf extract of Betula pendula (BPE) on human primary lymphocytes in vitro, because activated lymphocytes play a major role in the initiation and maintenance of RA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lymphocyte proliferation and cell division was measured by the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases and by using the membrane-permeable dye carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE), respectively. Apoptosis was analyzed by surface staining of phosphatidylserine and intracellular activation of effector caspases 3 and 7 in comparison to the drug methotrexate using flow cytometric and photometrical analysis. In addition, the impact of the extract on cell cycle distribution was investigated by propidium iodide staining of DNA. For the bioassays BPE concentrations of 10-160 μg/mL were investigated. A phytochemical analysis, using LC-MS and HPLC, was conducted to identify the polyphenolic constituents of the birch leaf extract. RESULTS Leaf extracts of Betula pendula inhibited the growth and cell division (CD8(+): 40 μg/mL: 45%; 80 μg/mL: 60%; 160 μg/mL: 87%) (CD4(+): 40 μg/mL: 33%; 80 μg/mL: 54%; 160 μg/mL: 79%) of activated, but not of resting T lymphocytes in a significant dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation due to apoptosis induction (compared to untreated control: 40 μg/mL: 163%; 80 μg/mL: 240%; 160 μg/mL: 348%) and cell cycle arrest was comparable to that of methotrexate. LC-MS analyses showed that the extract contains different quercetin-glycosides. CONCLUSION Our results give a rational basis for the use of Betula pendula leaf extract for the treatment of immune disorders, like rheumatoid arthritis, by diminishing proliferating inflammatory lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Gründemann
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 115B, Freiburg, Germany.
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Zheng G, Jiang M, He X, Zhao J, Guo H, Chen G, Zha Q, Lu A. Discrete derivative: a data slicing algorithm for exploration of sharing biological networks between rheumatoid arthritis and coronary heart disease. BioData Min 2011; 4:18. [PMID: 21696640 PMCID: PMC3141583 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0381-4-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One important concept in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is "treating different diseases with the same therapy". In TCM practice, some patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and some other patients with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) can be treated with similar therapies. This suggests that there might be something commonly existed between RA and CHD, for example, biological networks or biological basis. As the amount of biomedical data in leading databases (i.e., PubMed, SinoMed, etc.) is growing at an exponential rate, it might be possible to get something interesting and meaningful through the techniques developed in data mining. Results Based on the large data sets of Western medicine literature (PubMed) and traditional Chinese medicine literature (SinoMed), by applying data slicing algorithm in text mining, we retrieved some simple and meaningful networks. The Chinese herbs used in treatment of both RA and CHD, might affect the commonly existed networks between RA and CHD. This might support the TCM concept of treating different diseases with the same therapy. Conclusions First, the data mining results might show the positive answer that there are biological basis/networks commonly existed in both RA and CHD. Second, there are basic Chinese herbs used in the treatment of both RA and CHD. Third, these commonly existed networks might be affected by the basic Chinese herbs. Forth, discrete derivative, the data slicing algorithm is feasible in mining out useful data from literature of PubMed and SinoMed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zheng
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimen, Beijing 100700, China.,Information Science and Engineering School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimen, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimen, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimen, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hongtao Guo
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimen, Beijing 100700, China.,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimen, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qinglin Zha
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimen, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimen, Beijing 100700, China
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Koo OMY, Rubinstein I, Onyüksel H. Actively targeted low-dose camptothecin as a safe, long-acting, disease-modifying nanomedicine for rheumatoid arthritis. Pharm Res 2010; 28:776-87. [PMID: 21132352 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Camptothecin (CPT), a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor, was originally discovered as an anticancer agent to induce programmed cell death of cancer cells. Recent evidence suggests that, similar to cancer, alterations in apoptosis and over-proliferation of key effector cells in the arthritic joint result in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. Initial in vitro studies have suggested that camptothecin inhibits synoviocyte proliferation, matrix metalloproteinases expression in chrondrocytes and angiogenesis. This study is one of the first to test, in vivo, RA as a new indication for CPT. METHODS To circumvent insolubility, instability and toxicity of CPT, we used biocompatible, biodegradable and targeted sterically stabilized micelles (SSM) as nanocarriers for CPT (CPT-SSM). We also surface-modified CPT-SSM with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) for active targeting. We then determined whether this nanomedicine abrogated collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. RESULTS Based on our findings, this is the first study to report that CPT was found to be efficacious against CIA at concentrations significantly lower than usual anti-cancer dose. Furthermore, a single subcutaneous injection of CPT-SSM-VIP (0.1 mg/kg) administered to CIA mice mitigated joint inflammation for at least 32 days thereafter without systemic toxicity. CPT alone needed at least 10-fold higher dose to achieve the same effect, albeit with some vacuolization in liver histology. CONCLUSION We propose that CPT-SSM-VIP is a promising targeted nanomedicine and should be further developed as a safe, long-acting, disease-modifying pharmaceutical product for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otilia May Yue Koo
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (M/C 865) College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, USA.
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Abstract
Innate immunity, with macrophages playing a central role, is critically important in the pathogenesis of RA. Although environmental insults such as smoking have been implicated in the initiation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients who express the shared epitope, the understanding of the role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of this disease is also expanding. As the understanding continues to expand, enticing targets for new therapeutic interventions continue to be identified. This article focuses on cells of myelomonocytic origin, their receptors, and factors that interact with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Gierut
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 East Huron Street, McGaw M300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Scatizzi JC, Hutcheson J, Pope RM, Firestein GS, Koch AE, Mavers M, Smason A, Agrawal H, Haines GK, Chandel NS, Hotchkiss RS, Perlman H. Bim-Bcl-2 homology 3 mimetic therapy is effective at suppressing inflammatory arthritis through the activation of myeloid cell apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:441-51. [PMID: 20112357 DOI: 10.1002/art.27198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a destructive autoimmune disease characterized by an increased inflammation in the joint. Therapies that activate the apoptotic cascade may have potential for use in RA; however, few therapeutic agents fit this category. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential of Bim, an agent that mimics the action of Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain-only proteins that have shown success in preclinical studies of cancer, in the treatment of autoimmune disease. METHODS Synovial tissues from RA and osteoarthritis patients were analyzed for the expression of Bim and CD68 using immunohistochemistry. Macrophages from Bim(-/-) mice were examined for their response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using flow cytometry, real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunoblotting. Bim(-/-) mice were stimulated with thioglycollate or LPS and examined for macrophage activation and cytokine production. Experimental arthritis was induced using the K/BxN serum-transfer model. A mimetic peptide corresponding to the BH3 domain of Bim (TAT-BH3) was administered as a prophylactic agent and as a therapeutic agent. Edema of the ankles and histopathologic analysis of ankle tissue sections were used to determine the severity of arthritis, its cellular composition, and the degree of apoptosis. RESULTS The expression of Bim was reduced in RA synovial tissue as compared with controls, particularly in macrophages. Bim(-/-) macrophages displayed elevated expression of markers of inflammation and secreted more interleukin-1beta following stimulation with LPS or thioglycollate. TAT-BH3 ameliorated arthritis development, reduced the number of myeloid cells in the joint, and enhanced apoptosis without inducing cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that BH3 mimetic therapy may have significant potential for the treatment of RA.
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Systems Biology Guided by Chinese Medicine Reveals New Markers for Sub-Typing Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. J Clin Rheumatol 2009; 15:330-7. [DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0b013e3181ba3926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hutcheson J, Perlman H. BH3-only proteins in rheumatoid arthritis: potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Oncogene 2009; 27 Suppl 1:S168-75. [PMID: 19641502 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating disease, resulting in the destruction of bone and cartilage, and in the permanent disfigurement of joints. Although the precise cause of RA is currently unresolved, it has become clear that the damaging effects are a result of the toxic milieu caused by an influx of inflammatory cells and the resulting heightened proinflammatory state within the joint. As the amount of literature suggesting that this preponderance of cells is a result of decreased local apoptosis in the joint continues to increase, in this review, we describe how Bcl-2 family pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins, particularly Bim and Bid, could act to protect against the development of the disease. We also suggest a role for BH3-mimetic drugs as potential therapeutics in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hutcheson
- Rheumatic Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas - Southwestern Medical Center, Simmons Arthritis Research Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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19
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Oxaprozin-induced apoptosis on CD40 ligand-treated human primary monocytes is associated with the modulation of defined intracellular pathways. J Biomed Biotechnol 2009; 2009:478785. [PMID: 19672323 PMCID: PMC2723963 DOI: 10.1155/2009/478785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The modulation of CD40L activity might represent a promising therapeutic target to reduce monocyte inflammatory functions in chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. In the present study, we investigated the possible influence of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on CD40L-induced monocyte survival. Monocytes were isolated from buffy coats by using Ficoll-Percoll gradients. Monocyte apoptosis was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy on cytopreps stained with acridine orange or using flow cytometry analysis of Annexin-V and Propidium Iodide staining. Akt and NF-κB activation was assessed using western blot. Caspase 3 activity was determined spectrophotometrically. Among different NSAIDs, only oxaprozin dose-dependently increased apoptosis of CD40L-treated monocytes. Oxaprozin pro-apoptotic activity was associated with the inhibition of CD40L-triggered Akt and NF-κB phosphorylation and the activation of caspase 3. In conclusion, our data suggest that oxaprozin-induced apoptosis in CD40L-treated human monocytes is associated with previously unknown cyclooxygenase (COX)-independent pathways. These intracellular proteins might be promising pharmacological targets to increase apoptosis in CD40L-treated monocytes.
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20
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Li Y, Dai Y, Liu M, Pan R, Luo Y, Xia Y, Xia X. Scopoletin induces apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from adjuvant arthritis rats by a mitochondrial-dependent pathway. Drug Dev Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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21
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Ahmed S, Silverman MD, Marotte H, Kwan K, Matuszczak N, Koch AE. Down-regulation of myeloid cell leukemia 1 by epigallocatechin-3-gallate sensitizes rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts to tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:1282-93. [PMID: 19404960 DOI: 10.1002/art.24488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fibroblasts is a major cause of their resistance to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-induced apoptosis. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in down-regulating Mcl-1 expression and its mechanism of RA synovial fibroblast sensitization to TNFalpha-induced apoptosis. METHODS EGCG effects on cultured RA synovial fibroblast cell morphology, proliferation, and viability over 72 hours were determined by microscopy and a fluorescent cell enumeration assay. Caspase 3 activity was determined by a colorimetric assay. Western blotting was used to evaluate the apoptosis mediators poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Akt, and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB. RESULTS In RA synovial fibroblasts, EGCG (5-50 microM) inhibited constitutive and TNFalpha-induced Mcl-1 protein expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (P<0.05). Importantly, EGCG specifically abrogated Mcl-1 expression in RA synovial fibroblasts and affected Mcl-1 expression to a lesser extent in osteoarthritis and normal synovial fibroblasts or endothelial cells. Inhibition of Mcl-1 by EGCG triggered caspase 3 activity in RA synovial fibroblasts, which was mediated via down-regulation of the TNFalpha-induced Akt and NF-kappaB pathways. Caspase 3 activation by EGCG also suppressed RA synovial fibroblast growth, and this effect was mimicked by Akt and NF-kappaB inhibitors. Interestingly, Mcl-1 degradation by EGCG sensitized RA synovial fibroblasts to TNFalpha-induced PARP cleavage and apoptotic cell death. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that EGCG itself induces apoptosis and further sensitizes RA synovial fibroblasts to TNFalpha-induced apoptosis by specifically blocking Mcl-1 expression and, hence, may be of promising adjunct therapeutic value in regulating the invasive growth of synovial fibroblasts in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salahuddin Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA.
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Scatizzi JC, Hutcheson J, Bickel E, Haines GK, Perlman H. Pro-apoptotic Bid is required for the resolution of the effector phase of inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 9:R49. [PMID: 17509138 PMCID: PMC2206343 DOI: 10.1186/ar2204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Revised: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/17/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by hyperplasia of the synovial lining and destruction of cartilage and bone. Recent studies have suggested that a lack of apoptosis contributes to the hyperplasia of the synovial lining and to the failure in eliminating autoreactive cells. Mice lacking Fas or Bim, two pro-apoptotic proteins that mediate the extrinsic and intrinsic death cascades, respectively, develop enhanced K/BxN serum transfer-induced arthritis. Since the pro-apoptotic protein Bid functions as an intermediate between the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, we examined the role that it plays in inflammatory arthritis. Mice deficient in Bid (Bid-/-) show a delay in the resolution of K/BxN serum transfer-induced arthritis. Bid-/- mice display increased inflammation, bone destruction, and pannus formation compared to wild-type mice. Furthermore, Bid-/- mice have elevated levels of CXC chemokine and IL-1β in serum, which are associated with more inflammatory cells throughout the arthritic joint. In addition, there are fewer apoptotic cells in the synovium of Bid-/- compared to Wt mice. These data suggest that extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways cooperate through Bid to limit development of inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Scatizzi
- Saint Louis University, School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Jack Hutcheson
- Saint Louis University, School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Emily Bickel
- Saint Louis University, School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - G Kenneth Haines
- Yale University, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, New Haven CT 06510, USA
| | - Harris Perlman
- Saint Louis University, School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Yale University, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, New Haven CT 06510, USA
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Abstract
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is essential for normal development and homeostasis. Insufficient apoptosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of malignancy and acute and chronic inflammation. Apoptosis may be induced by the death receptor or the mitochondrial pathways. Myeloid cell leukemia (Mcl)-1 is a member of the Bcl-2 family that contributes to the control of mitochondrial integrity, which is critical for maintaining cell viability. Mcl-1 has been shown to be essential for the development and survival of a variety of cell types. This review characterizes the role of Mcl-1 in the regulation of apoptosis and the promotion of disease, and defines novel strategies that have been identified to target this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur M Mandelin
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Pedersen-Lane JH, Zurier RB, Lawrence DA. Analysis of the thiol status of peripheral blood leukocytes in rheumatoid arthritis patients. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 81:934-41. [PMID: 17210617 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0806533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the exact etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unknown, there is increasing evidence that reactive oxygen species and a pro-oxidant/antioxidant imbalance are an important part of the pathogenesis of joint tissue injury. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the thiol status [surface-thiols and intracellular glutathione (iGSH)] of leukocytes from RA patients and controls. Levels of surface-thiols and iGSH of leukocytes from RA patients were significantly lower than of leukocytes from controls. CD53, a glycoprotein of the tetraspanin superfamily, which coprecipitates with the GSH recycling enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, was elevated significantly on leukocytes from RA patients compared with leukocytes from controls. Surface-thiols and GSH play important roles in redox buffering of cells, providing protection from oxidative stress. The chronic inflammation of RA has been associated with oxidative stress, which is shown to cause a decline in the levels of cellular antioxidant sulfhydryls (R-SH). As antioxidant-protective levels also decline with age, the problem is compounded in older RA patients, who did have fewer R-SH. Chronic stress can also have an effect on telomere lengths, determining cell senescence and longevity. Although telomeres shorten with increasing age, our flow cytometry studies indicate that accelerated shortening in telomere lengths occurs with increasing age of RA patients, suggesting premature cellular aging. The paradox is that lymphocytes from RA patients are believed to resist apoptosis, and we suggest that the elevated expression of CD53, which results from the increased oxidative stress, may protect against apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan H Pedersen-Lane
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
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Scatizzi JC, Bickel E, Hutcheson J, Haines GK, Perlman H. Bim deficiency leads to exacerbation and prolongation of joint inflammation in experimental arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:3182-93. [PMID: 17009248 DOI: 10.1002/art.22133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE : Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by hyperplasia of the synovial lining, inflammation, and destruction of cartilage and bone. Since there are only a few detectable cells undergoing apoptosis in the joint, it is possible that a defect in apoptosis may contribute to synovial hyperplasia. This study sought to identify and characterize the direct role of apoptotic regulators in a mouse model of inflammatory arthritis. METHODS Using a serum transfer model, experimental arthritis was induced in mice lacking the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family genes Bak (Bak-/-), Bax (Bax-/-), or Bim (Bim-/-), as compared with wild-type (WT) control mice. Physical examination for edema of the ankles and histopathologic analysis of ankle sections were used to determine the severity of arthritis. The serum and ankles were examined for production of chemokines and cytokines using enzyme-linked immunosorbent or Luminex-based assays. RESULTS Bim-/- mice displayed increased severity and prolongation of arthritis. In contrast, Bak-/- and Bax-/- mice showed no difference in the severity of arthritis as compared with WT mice. In addition, Bim-/- mice had elevated levels of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines, decreased joint and serum production of antiinflammatory cytokines, fewer TUNEL-positive cells, and reduced levels of active caspase 3 as compared with WT mice. CONCLUSION These studies are the first to demonstrate a role for the proapoptotic Bcl-2 protein Bim in the effector phase of RA. The findings indicate that Bim potentially functions to repress the effector phase of arthritis by regulating the milieu of the joint and serum, and by inducing apoptosis.
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Relic B, Benoit V, Franchimont N, Kaiser MJ, Hauzeur JP, Gillet P, Merville MP, Bours V, Malaise MG. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma1 is dephosphorylated and degraded during BAY 11-7085-induced synovial fibroblast apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:22597-604. [PMID: 16766531 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512807200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) plays a central role in whole body metabolism by regulating adipocyte differentiation and energy storage. Recently, however, PPAR-gamma has also been demonstrated to affect proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of different cell types. As we have previously shown that BAY 11-7085-induced synovial fibroblast apoptosis is prevented by PPAR-gamma agonist 15d-PGJ2; the expression of PPAR-gamma in these cells was studied. Both PPAR-gamma1 and PPAR-gamma2 isoforms were cloned from synovial fibroblast RNA, but only PPAR-gamma1 was detected by Western blot, showing constitutive nuclear expression. Within minutes of BAY 11-7085 treatment, a PPAR-gamma1-specific band was shifted into a form of higher mobility, suggesting dephosphorylation, as confirmed by phosphatase treatment of cell extracts. Of interest, BAY 11-7085-induced PPAR-gamma1 dephosphorylation was followed by PARP and caspase-8 cleavage as well as by PPAR-gamma1 protein degradation. PPAR-gamma1 dephosphorylation was followed by the loss of PPAR-DNA binding activity ubiquitously present in synovial fibroblast nuclear extracts. Unlike the phosphorylated form, dephosphorylated PPAR-gamma1 was found in insoluble membrane cell fraction and was not ubiquitinated before degradation. PPAR-gamma1 dephosphorylation coincided with ERK1/2 phosphorylation that accompanies BAY 11-7085-induced synovial fibroblasts apoptosis. 15d-PGJ2, PGD2, and partially UO126, down-regulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, protected cells from BAY 11-7085-induced apoptosis, and reversed both PPAR-gamma dephosphorylation and degradation. Furthermore, PPAR-gamma antagonist BADGE induced PPAR-gamma1 degradation, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and synovial fibroblasts apoptosis. The results presented suggest an anti-apoptotic role for PPAR-gamma1 in synovial fibroblasts. Since apoptotic marker PARP is cleaved after PPAR-gamma1 dephosphorylation but before PPAR-gamma1 degradation, dephosphorylation event might be enough to mediate BAY 11-7085-induced apoptosis in synovial fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biserka Relic
- Center for Biomedical Integrative Genoproteomics (CBIG), Department of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Chemistry and Human Genetics and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Haas CS, Creighton CJ, Pi X, Maine I, Koch AE, Haines GK, Ling S, Chinnaiyan AM, Holoshitz J. Identification of genes modulated in rheumatoid arthritis using complementary DNA microarray analysis of lymphoblastoid B cell lines from disease-discordant monozygotic twins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:2047-60. [PMID: 16804865 DOI: 10.1002/art.21953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify disease-specific gene expression profiles in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), using complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray analyses on lymphoblastoid B cell lines (LCLs) derived from RA-discordant monozygotic (MZ) twins. METHODS The cDNA was prepared from LCLs derived from the peripheral blood of 11 pairs of RA-discordant MZ twins. The RA twin cDNA was labeled with cy5 fluorescent dye, and the cDNA of the healthy co-twin was labeled with cy3. To determine relative expression profiles, cDNA from each twin pair was combined and hybridized on 20,000-element microarray chips. Immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the expression of selected gene products in synovial tissue from patients with RA compared with patients with osteoarthritis and normal healthy controls. RESULTS In RA twin LCLs compared with healthy co-twin LCLs, 1,163 transcripts were significantly differentially expressed. Of these, 747 were overexpressed and 416 were underexpressed. Gene ontology analysis revealed many genes known to play a role in apoptosis, angiogenesis, proteolysis, and signaling. The 3 most significantly overexpressed genes were laeverin (a novel enzyme with sequence homology to CD13), 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (a steroid pathway enzyme), and cysteine-rich, angiogenic inducer 61 (a known angiogenic factor). The products of these genes, heretofore uncharacterized in RA, were all abundantly expressed in RA synovial tissues. CONCLUSION Microarray cDNA analysis of peripheral blood-derived LCLs from well-controlled patient populations is a useful tool to detect RA-relevant genes and could help in identifying novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Haas
- University of Michigan Center, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0680, USA
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Wu Y, Liu J, Feng X, Yang P, Xu X, Hsu HC, Mountz JD. Synovial fibroblasts promote osteoclast formation by RANKL in a novel model of spontaneous erosive arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:3257-68. [PMID: 16200600 DOI: 10.1002/art.21354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Erosion of cartilage and bone is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was undertaken to explore the roles of hyperproliferating synovial fibroblasts and macrophages in abnormal osteoclast formation, using the recently described BXD2 mouse model of RA. METHODS Cell distribution in the joints was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining to identify osteoclasts. To identify the defective cells in BXD2 mice, mouse synovial fibroblasts (MSFs) were cultured with bone marrow-derived macrophages. Osteoclast formation was assayed by TRAP staining and bone resorption pit assay, and the cytokine profiles of the MSFs and macrophages were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS In BXD2 mice, TRAP-positive osteoclasts were found at sites of active bone erosion, in close proximity to hyperproliferating synovial fibroblasts. On coculture, MSFs from BXD2 mice, but not C57BL/6 mice, produced high levels of RANKL messenger RNA, induced macrophages to form osteoclasts, and actively eroded bone slices, through a mechanism(s) that could be blocked by pretreatment with osteoprotegerin. Although macrophages from BXD2 mice expressed higher basal levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-6 than those from C57BL/6 mice, abnormal osteoclast formation was not due to enhanced sensitivity of the BXD2 mouse macrophages to RANKL. TNFalpha, produced by both BXD2 MSFs and BXD2 mouse macrophages, had a strong stimulatory effect on RANKL expression. CONCLUSION BXD2 MSFs produce RANKL and induce the development of osteoclasts from macrophages. The enhanced production of RANKL is possibly due to autocrine stimulation, together with paracrine stimulation by factors produced by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Wu
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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