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Karasu T, Erkoc-Biradli FZ, Öztürk-Öncel MÖ, Armutcu C, Uzun L, Garipcan B, Çorman ME. Synthesis and characterization of stimuli-responsive hydrogels: evaluation of external stimuli influence on L929 fibroblast viability. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2022; 8. [PMID: 35738237 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac7baa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [p(HEMA)] based hydrogels responsive to the pH, temperature and magnetic field were synthesized. The surface properties of p(HEMA) were improved by designing the stimuli-responsive hydrogels made of MAGA, NIPAAm and methacrylate-decorated magnetite nanoparticles as a function of pH-, thermo- and magnetic responsive cell culture surfaces. These materials were then modified an abundant extracellular matrix component, type I collagen, which has been considered as a biorecognition element to increase the applicability of hydrogels to cell viability. Based on results from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), stimuli-responsive hydrogel demonstrated improved non-porous structures and thermal stability with a high degree of cross-linking. Mechanical analyses of the hydrogels also showed that stimuli-responsive hydrogels are more elastomeric due to the polymeric chains and heterogeneous amorphous segments compared to plain hydrogels. Furthermore, surface modification of hydrogels with collagen provided better biocompatibility, which was confirmed with L929 fibroblast cell adhesion. Produced stimuli-responsive hydrogels modulated cellular viability by changing pH and magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunca Karasu
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Beytepe-Ankara, Ankara, 06800, TURKEY
| | - Fatma Zehra Erkoc-Biradli
- Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Biomedikal Mühendisliği Enstitüsü, Boğaziçi University, Kandilli-İstanbul, Istanbul, 34684, TURKEY
| | - M Özgen Öztürk-Öncel
- Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Biomedikal Mühendisliği Enstitüsü, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, Kandilli, Istanbul, 34684, TURKEY
| | - Canan Armutcu
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Hacettepe Ünviersitesi, Beytepe-Ankara, Ankara, 06800, TURKEY
| | - Lokman Uzun
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Beytepe-Ankara, Ankara, 06800, TURKEY
| | - Bora Garipcan
- Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Biomedikal Mühendisliği Enstitüsü, Boğaziçi Üniversites, Kandilli, Istanbul, 34684, TURKEY
| | - Mehmet Emin Çorman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Etlik, Istanbul, Ankara, 34668, TURKEY
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Wang YH, Young TH, Wang TJ. Investigating the effect of chitosan/ polycaprolactone blends in differentiation of corneal endothelial cells and extracellular matrix compositions. Exp Eye Res 2019; 185:107679. [PMID: 31129253 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of corneal endothelial cells (CECs) differentiation and identify the extracellular matrix (ECM) compositions using chitosan/polycaprolactone (PCL) blended membrane, hence exploring the potential use of chitosan/PCL blends in tissue engineering of CECs. We utilized the chitosan/PCL blends named as PCL25 consisting of PCL at 25% by weight. The surface characteristics of PCL25 were confirmed by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). Bovine CECs were cultured on the blends, compared with TCPS and pure chitosan membrane. Cell behaviors in terms of cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation phenotype and expression of differentiation proteins were examined. Furthermore, ECM protein productions were also analyzed. From the experiments, we found the topography (roughness) of PCL25 membrane examined by AFM was greater than pure chitosan membrane. FTIR results confirmed the functional groups of C=O bond of PCL. The CECs displayed hexagonal morphology and similar proliferation rate on both PCL25 membrane and TCPS. In addition, the immunofluorescence evidence showed well-localized ZO-1 and Na+/K+ ATPase expression of membrane proteins. ECM protein productions of CECs on PCL were no inferior to TCPS. Moreover, western blot results verified the higher amount of collagen type IV, and reduced TGF-β2 expression on PCL25 membrane compared to TCPS substrate. In conclusions, chitosan/PCL blends membrane provided a favorable environment for CECs in terms of ECM compositions, therefore enhancing the growth and differentiation. Accordingly, for CEC tissue engineering applications, PCL 25 might be a suitable alternative for cadaveric cornea transplantation in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Horng Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Bounabi L, Bouslah Mokhnachi N, Djadoun A, Haddadine N, Barille R. Morphology and thermal properties of clay based biocomposites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2017-0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Carboxymethylcellulose/poly(ethylene glycol) (CMC/PEG) blend and CMC/PEG/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites were produced by the solvent casting method. The clay, a sodium MMT, was incorporated in the polymer matrix at low weight loadings (from 1 wt% to 7 wt%). The MMT dispersion in the matrix was evaluated by X-ray diffraction, which revealed an intercalated structure of the nanocomposites. Different levels of intercalation have been detected. The changes in morphology caused by the addition of layered silicate on CMC/PEG blend were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM images of CMC/PEG blend containing 5% of MMT displayed more homogenous morphology than CMC/PEG blend. The compatibilizing performance of the filler was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The effect of the introduction of the clay on the crystallization temperature, melting temperature and crystallization degree of CMC/PEG revealed that clay behaved as a nucleating agent and enhanced the crystallization rate of PEG. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the addition of a small percentage of montmorillonite (1%) was enough to improve the thermal stability of the nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Bounabi
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Macromoléculaire et Thio-organique Macromoléculaire , Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, BP 32 El Alia, BabEzzouar , Alger , Algeria
| | - Naima Bouslah Mokhnachi
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Macromoléculaire et Thio-organique Macromoléculaire , Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, BP 32 El Alia, BabEzzouar , Alger , Algeria
| | - Amar Djadoun
- Laboratoire Géographie et Aménagement du Territoire , Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, BP 32 El Alia, Bab Ezzouar , Alger , Algeria
| | - Nabila Haddadine
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Macromoléculaire et Thio-organique Macromoléculaire , Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, BP 32 El Alia, BabEzzouar , Alger , Algeria
| | - Regis Barille
- Laboratoire Moltech Anjou , Université d’Angers/UMR, CNRS 6200 2, Bd Lavoisier , 49045 Angers , France
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Ocular biocompatibility of gelatin microcarriers functionalized with oxidized hyaluronic acid. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 72:150-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sepúlveda RV, Valente FL, Reis EC, Araújo FR, Eleotério RB, Queiroz PV, Borges AP. Bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose/polycaprolactone composite as tissue substitutes in rabbits' cornea. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2016001000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: In order to test the performance of bacterial cellulose/polycaprolactone composite (BC/PCL) and pure bacterial cellulose (BC) as tissue substitutes in rabbits' cornea, a superficial ulcer containing 5mm in diameter and 0.2mm deep was made in the right cornea of 36 rabbits, then a interlayer pocket was created from the basis of this ulcer. Twelve rabbits received BC/PCL membrane and 12 were treated with BC membranes, both membranes with 8mm in diameter. The remaining rabbits received no membrane constituting the control group. The animals were clinically followed up for 45 days. Three animals of each group were euthanized at three, seven, 21, and 45 days after implantation for histological examination of the cornea along with the implant. Clinical observation revealed signs of moderate inflammatory process, decreasing from day 20th in the implanted groups. Histology showed absence of epithelium on the membranes, fibroplasia close to the implants, lymph inflammatory infiltrate with giant cells, collagen disorganization, with a predominance of immature collagen fibers in both groups with implants. Although inflammatory response is acceptable, the membranes used does not satisfactorily played the role of tissue substitute for the cornea during the study period.
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Lai JY, Li YT. Influence of Cross-Linker Concentration on the Functionality of Carbodiimide Cross-Linked Gelatin Membranes for Retinal Sheet Carriers. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2016; 22:277-95. [PMID: 20557713 DOI: 10.1163/092050609x12603600753204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbodiimide cross-linking can easily regulate the functionality of gelatin carriers used for retinal sheet delivery. This paper investigates the effect of cross-linker concentrations (0-0.4 mmol EDC/mg gelatin membrane (GM)) on the properties of the chemically-modified GMs. ATR-FT-IR and ninhydrin analyses results consistently indicated that the EDC cross-linking reaction approaches saturation at concentrations around 0.02 mmol EDC/mg GM. The thermal stability and resistance to water dissolution and collagenase digestion were significantly enhanced with increasing cross-linker concentration from 0.001 to 0.02 mmol EDC/mg GM. In addition, the chemical cross-linking did not affect the ability to form a tissue-encapsulating structure at 37°C. Irrespective of their cross-linking degree, the GMs had an appropriate degradation rate sufficient to allow tissue integration. It was noted that, although high cross-linker concentrations can be used to improve the delivery efficiency of gelatin samples, the treatment with 0.1-0.4 mmol EDC/mg GM may lead to poor biocompatibility. Results of Live/Dead and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression analyses showed that the exposure of ARPE-19 cultures to the test materials cross-linked with a concentration ≥0.1 mmol EDC/mg GM induces significant cytotoxicity and high levels of interleukin-1β and interleukin-6. However, the presence of EDC cross-linked gelatin membranes in the culture medium had no effect on the glutamate uptake capacity. It is concluded that among the cross-linked gelatin samples studied, 0.02 mmol EDC/mg GM is the best cross-linker concentration for preparation of retinal sheet delivery carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- a Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, Republic of China; Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, Republic of China; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, Republic of China
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Lai JY. Hyaluronic acid concentration-mediated changes in structure and function of porous carriers for corneal endothelial cell sheet delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 59:411-419. [PMID: 26652391 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of hyaluronic acid (HA) concentrations (0.05-1.25wt.%) on the properties of porous carriers for corneal endothelial tissue engineering were investigated. The pore size and porosity gradually increased with decreasing solid content. However, at relatively low HA concentration (i.e., 0.05wt.%), the material samples contained small interior pores and a dense surface skin layer, probably due to no gas bubble effect on the stirring processing of porous microstructures of freeze-dried polysaccharide hydrogels. The carriers prepared from 0.25wt.% HA solution had the highest freezable water content and oxygen and glucose permeability among the samples evaluated. Results of cell viability assays and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that the HA concentration-related alteration of porous microstructure dictates the compatibility of biopolymer carriers with corneal endothelial cell (CEC) cultures. In vivo studies demonstrated that the CEC sheet/HA carrier construct implants are therapeutically efficacious in the reconstruction of endothelial scrape-wounded corneas. It is concluded that the polysaccharide concentration is the major factor for affecting the processing of carriers and their structure and function. Porous hydrogels prepared from 0.25wt.% HA solution are capable of delivering bioengineered CEC sheets to the posterior surface of cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, Republic of China; Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, Republic of China; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, Republic of China; Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33305, Republic of China.
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8
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Lai JY, Cheng HY, Ma DHK. Investigation of Overrun-Processed Porous Hyaluronic Acid Carriers in Corneal Endothelial Tissue Engineering. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136067. [PMID: 26296087 PMCID: PMC4546624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a linear polysaccharide naturally found in the eye and therefore is one of the most promising biomaterials for corneal endothelial regenerative medicine. This study reports, for the first time, the development of overrun-processed porous HA hydrogels for corneal endothelial cell (CEC) sheet transplantation and tissue engineering applications. The hydrogel carriers were characterized to examine their structures and functions. Evaluations of carbodiimide cross-linked air-dried and freeze-dried HA samples were conducted simultaneously for comparison. The results indicated that during the fabrication of freeze-dried HA discs, a technique of introducing gas bubbles in the aqueous biopolymer solutions can be used to enlarge pore structure and prevent dense surface skin formation. Among all the groups studied, the overrun-processed porous HA carriers show the greatest biological stability, the highest freezable water content and glucose permeability, and the minimized adverse effects on ionic pump function of rabbit CECs. After transfer and attachment of bioengineered CEC sheets to the overrun-processed HA hydrogel carriers, the therapeutic efficacy of cell/biopolymer constructs was tested using a rabbit model with corneal endothelial dysfunction. Clinical observations including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, specular microscopy, and corneal thickness measurements showed that the construct implants can regenerate corneal endothelium and restore corneal transparency at 4 weeks postoperatively. Our findings suggest that cell sheet transplantation using overrun-processed porous HA hydrogels offers a new way to reconstruct the posterior corneal surface and improve endothelial tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 33302, Republic of China
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 33302, Republic of China
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 33302, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Hsiao-Yun Cheng
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 33302, Republic of China
| | - David Hui-Kang Ma
- Limbal Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 33305, Republic of China
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 33302, Republic of China
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9
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Lai JY. Carbodiimide cross-linking of amniotic membranes in the presence of amino acid bridges. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 51:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Lai JY, Luo LJ. Effect of riboflavin concentration on the development of photo-cross-linked amniotic membranes for cultivation of limbal epithelial cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11980k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin concentration is critical to tailor the cross-linking degree of the collagen network and thus the nanostructure of photo-cross-linked amniotic membrane for cultivation of limbal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Chang Gung University
- Taoyuan 33302
- Taiwan
| | - Li-Jyuan Luo
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Chang Gung University
- Taoyuan 33302
- Taiwan
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Photo-cross-linking of amniotic membranes for limbal epithelial cell cultivation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 45:313-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Biofunctionalization of gelatin microcarrier with oxidized hyaluronic acid for corneal keratocyte cultivation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 122:277-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Pamfil D, Schick C, Vasile C. New Hydrogels Based on Substituted Anhydride Modified Collagen and 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate. Synthesis and Characterization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie5016848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pamfil
- Department
of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, “Petru Poni” Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, , 41 A, Grigore Ghica Vodă
Alley, 700487, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Christoph Schick
- Institute
of Physics, University of Rostock, Wismarsche Strasse 43-45, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Cornelia Vasile
- Department
of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, “Petru Poni” Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, , 41 A, Grigore Ghica Vodă
Alley, 700487, Iaşi, Romania
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14
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Nguyen P, Yiu SC. Ocular surface reconstruction: recent innovations, surgical candidate selection and postoperative management. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/17469899.3.5.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Lai JY. Effect of chemical composition on corneal tissue response to photopolymerized materials comprising 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and acrylic acid. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 34:334-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Lai JY. Interrelationship between cross-linking structure, molecular stability, and cytocompatibility of amniotic membranes cross-linked with glutaraldehyde of varying concentrations. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01930j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical cross-linker concentration has a marked influence on the interrelationship between cross-linking structure, molecular stability, and cytocompatibility of a glutaraldehyde-treated amniotic membrane for a limbal stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Chang Gung University
- Taoyuan 33302, Republic of China
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Teichmann J, Valtink M, Nitschke M, Gramm S, Funk RHW, Engelmann K, Werner C. Tissue engineering of the corneal endothelium: a review of carrier materials. J Funct Biomater 2013; 4:178-208. [PMID: 24956190 PMCID: PMC4030930 DOI: 10.3390/jfb4040178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional impairment of the human corneal endothelium can lead to corneal blindness. In order to meet the high demand for transplants with an appropriate human corneal endothelial cell density as a prerequisite for corneal function, several tissue engineering techniques have been developed to generate transplantable endothelial cell sheets. These approaches range from the use of natural membranes, biological polymers and biosynthetic material compositions, to completely synthetic materials as matrices for corneal endothelial cell sheet generation. This review gives an overview about currently used materials for the generation of transplantable corneal endothelial cell sheets with a special focus on thermo-responsive polymer coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Teichmann
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany.
| | - Monika Valtink
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany.
| | - Mirko Nitschke
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany.
| | - Stefan Gramm
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany.
| | - Richard H W Funk
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany.
| | - Katrin Engelmann
- CRTD/DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden-Cluster of Excellence, Fetscherstraße 105, Dresden 01307, Germany.
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany.
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Lai JY. Effect of chemical composition on corneal cellular response to photopolymerized materials comprising 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and acrylic acid. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:3704-10. [PMID: 23910267 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of corneal cellular response to hydrogel materials is an important issue in ophthalmic applications. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the feed composition of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)/acrylic acid (AAc) and material compatibility towards corneal stromal and endothelial cells. The monomer solutions of HEMA and AAc were mixed at varying volume ratios of 92:0, 87:5, 82:10, 77:15, and 72:20, and were subjected to UV irradiation. Results of electrokinetic measurements showed that an increase in absolute zeta potential of photopolymerized membranes is observed with increasing the volume ratios of AAc/HEMA. Following 4 days of incubation with various hydrogels, the primary rabbit corneal stromal and endothelial cell cultures were examined for viability, proliferation, and pro-inflammatory gene expression. The samples prepared from the solution mixture containing 0-10 vol.% AAc displayed good cytocompatibility. However, with increasing volume ratio of AAc and HEMA from 15:77 to 20:72, the decreased viability, inhibited proliferation, and stimulated inflammation were noted in both cell types, probably due to the stronger charge-charge interactions. On the other hand, the ionic pump function of corneal endothelial cells exposed to photopolymerized membranes was examined by analyzing the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase alpha 1 subunit (ATP1A1) expression level. The presence of material samples having higher anionic charge density (i.e., zeta potential of -38 to -56 mV) may lead to abnormal transmembrane transport. It is concluded that the chemical composition of HEMA/AAc has an important influence on the corneal stromal and endothelial cell responses to polymeric biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
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Lai JY, Ma DHK, Lai MH, Li YT, Chang RJ, Chen LM. Characterization of cross-linked porous gelatin carriers and their interaction with corneal endothelium: biopolymer concentration effect. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54058. [PMID: 23382866 PMCID: PMC3559727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell sheet-mediated tissue regeneration is a promising approach for corneal reconstruction. However, the fragility of bioengineered corneal endothelial cell (CEC) monolayers allows us to take advantage of cross-linked porous gelatin hydrogels as cell sheet carriers for intraocular delivery. The aim of this study was to further investigate the effects of biopolymer concentrations (5–15 wt%) on the characteristic and safety of hydrogel discs fabricated by a simple stirring process combined with freeze-drying method. Results of scanning electron microscopy, porosity measurements, and ninhydrin assays showed that, with increasing solid content, the pore size, porosity, and cross-linking index of carbodiimide treated samples significantly decreased from 508±30 to 292±42 µm, 59.8±1.1 to 33.2±1.9%, and 56.2±1.6 to 34.3±1.8%, respectively. The variation in biopolymer concentrations and degrees of cross-linking greatly affects the Young’s modulus and swelling ratio of the gelatin carriers. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements and glucose permeation studies indicated that for the samples with a highest solid content, the highest pore wall thickness and the lowest fraction of mobile water may inhibit solute transport. When the biopolymer concentration is in the range of 5–10 wt%, the hydrogels have high freezable water content (0.89–0.93) and concentration of permeated glucose (591.3–615.5 µg/ml). These features are beneficial to the in vitro cultivation of CECs without limiting proliferation and changing expression of ion channel and pump genes such as ATP1A1, VDAC2, and AQP1. In vivo studies by analyzing the rabbit CEC morphology and count also demonstrate that the implanted gelatin discs with the highest solid content may cause unfavorable tissue-material interactions. It is concluded that the characteristics of cross-linked porous gelatin hydrogel carriers and their triggered biological responses are in relation to biopolymer concentration effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Lai JY. Corneal stromal cell growth on gelatin/chondroitin sulfate scaffolds modified at different NHS/EDC molar ratios. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:2036-55. [PMID: 23337203 PMCID: PMC3565364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14012036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A nanoscale modification strategy that can incorporate chondroitin sulfate (CS) into the cross-linked porous gelatin materials has previously been proposed to give superior performance for designed corneal keratocyte scaffolds. The purpose of this work was to further investigate the influence of carbodiimide chemistry on the characteristics and biofunctionalities of gelatin/CS scaffolds treated with varying N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)/1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) molar ratios (0-1) at a constant EDC concentration of 10 mM. Results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dimethylmethylene blue assays consistently indicated that when the NHS to EDC molar ratio exceeds a critical level (i.e., 0.5), the efficiency of carbodiimide-mediated biomaterial modification is significantly reduced. With the optimum NHS/EDC molar ratio of 0.5, chemical treatment could achieve relatively high CS content in the gelatin scaffolds, thereby enhancing the water content, glucose permeation, and fibronectin adsorption. Live/Dead assays and interleukin-6 mRNA expression analyses demonstrated that all the test samples have good cytocompatibility without causing toxicity and inflammation. In the molar ratio range of NHS to EDC from 0 to 0.5, the cell adhesion ratio and proliferation activity on the chemically modified samples significantly increased, which is attributed to the increasing CS content. Additionally, the materials with highest CS content (0.143 ± 0.007 nmol/10 mg scaffold) showed the greatest stimulatory effect on the biosynthetic activity of cultivated keratocytes. These findings suggest that a positive correlation is noticed between the NHS to EDC molar ratio and the CS content in the biopolymer matrices, thereby greatly affecting the corneal stromal cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
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Lai JY. Solvent Composition is Critical for Carbodiimide Cross-Linking of Hyaluronic Acid as an Ophthalmic Biomaterial. MATERIALS 2012. [PMCID: PMC5449031 DOI: 10.3390/ma5101986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is one of the most important ophthalmic biomaterials, while also being used for tissue engineering and drug delivery. Although chemical cross-linking is an effective way to improve the material performance, it may as a consequence be detrimental to the living cells/tissues. Given that the cross-linking efficiency is mediated by the solvent composition during the chemical modification, this study aims to explore the stability and biocompatibility of carbodiimide cross-linked HA in relation to material processing conditions by varying the acetone/water volume ratio (from 70:30 to 95:5) at a constant 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) concentration of 100 mM. Our results indicated that after the EDC treatment in the presence of an acetone/water mixture (85:15, v/v), the HA hydrogel membranes have the lowest equilibrium water content, the highest stress at break and the greatest resistance to hyaluronidase digestion. Live/Dead assays and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression analyses showed that the cross-linked HA hydrogel membranes, irrespective of the solvent composition, are compatible with human RPE cell lines without causing toxicity and inflammation. However, it should be noted that the test samples prepared by the cross-linking in the presence of acetone/water mixtures containing 70, 75, and 95 vol % of acetone slightly inhibit the metabolic activity of viable ARPE-19 cultures, probably due to the alteration in the ionic interaction between the medium nutrients and polysaccharide biomaterials. In summary, the water content, mechanical strength and RPE cell proliferative capacity strongly depends on the solvent composition for carbodiimide cross-linking of HA materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-3-211-8800, ext. 3598; Fax: +886-3-211-8668
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
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22
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Lai JY. Biocompatibility of genipin and glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan materials in the anterior chamber of the eye. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:10970-10985. [PMID: 23109832 PMCID: PMC3472724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130910970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a naturally occurring cationic polysaccharide and has attracted much attention in the past decade as an important ophthalmic biomaterial. We recently demonstrated that the genipin (GP) cross-linked chitosan is compatible with human retinal pigment epithelial cells. The present work aims to further investigate the in vivo biocompatibility of GP-treated chitosan (GP-chi group) by adopting the anterior chamber of a rabbit eye model. The glutaraldehyde (GTA) cross-linked samples (GTA-chi group) were used for comparison. The 7-mm-diameter membrane implants made from either non-cross-linked chitosan or chemically modified materials with a cross-linking degree of around 80% were inserted in the ocular anterior chamber for 24 weeks and characterized by slit-lamp and specular microscopic examinations, intraocular pressure measurements, and corneal thickness measurements. The interleukin-6 expressions at mRNA level were also detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results of clinical observations showed that the overall ocular scores in the GTA-chi groups were relatively high. In contrast, the rabbits bearing GP-chi implants in the anterior chamber of the eye exhibited no signs of ocular inflammation. As compared to the non-cross-linked counterparts, the GP-chi samples improved the preservation of corneal endothelial cell density and possessed better anti-inflammatory activities, indicating the benefit action of the GP cross-linker. In summary, the intracameral tissue response to the chemically modified chitosan materials strongly depends on the selection of cross-linking agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-3-211-8800 (ext. 3598); Fax: +886-3-211-8668
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
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LAI JUIYANG. EVALUATION OF CROSS-LINKING TIME FOR POROUS GELATIN HYDROGELS ON CELL SHEET DELIVERY PERFORMANCE. J MECH MED BIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519411004873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the drawbacks posed by surgical manipulation of bioengineered corneal endothelial cell (CEC) sheets, a simple stirring process combined with freeze-drying method was recently developed for the production of cross-linked porous gelatin hydrogels that can provide the support structure and improve the aqueous humor circulation. In this study, we further evaluated the influence of cross-linking time (0–48 h) on the delivery performance of carbodiimide modified gelatin carriers. It was found that smaller pore size, lower porosity, and larger superficial area were associated with increasing extent of cross-linking of the carrier discs. Although the hydrogels treated for short reaction time (i.e., below 6 h) had low resistance to initial nutrient permeation, these materials exhibited rapid swelling, implying a potential anterior segment tissue squeezing effect for use as intraocular implants. In addition, the delivery carriers with limited extent of cross-linking degraded too fast to be effective for retention of cell sheet grafts at the site of injury. By contrast, the gelatin samples with cross-linking degrees greater than 50% showed slower degradation rates and smaller porous structure, thereby possibly causing a significant inhibition of CEC proliferation. Cell sheet transfer studies demonstrated that the carrier discs with a high cross-linking degree (59.4 ± 1.3%) were more difficult to achieve stable cell attachment than their counterparts with a low cross-linking degree (48.3 ± 1.5%). Our findings suggest that among the cross-linked porous samples studied, 12 h is the best cross-linking reaction time for preparation of cell sheet carriers with suitable delivery performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- JUI-YANG LAI
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, R. O. C
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Lai JY, Ma DHK, Cheng HY, Sun CC, Huang SJ, Li YT, Hsiue GH. Ocular Biocompatibility of Carbodiimide Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels for Cell Sheet Delivery Carriers. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 21:359-76. [DOI: 10.1163/156856209x416980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- a Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, Republic of China; Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, Republic of China; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, Republic of China
| | - David Hui-Kang Ma
- b Limbal Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33305, Republic of China; Department of Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, Republic of China
| | - Hsiao-Yun Cheng
- c Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Chin Sun
- d Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan 20401, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Jung Huang
- e Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ting Li
- f Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, Republic of China
| | - Ging-Ho Hsiue
- g Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
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Lai JY, Tu IH. Adhesion, phenotypic expression, and biosynthetic capacity of corneal keratocytes on surfaces coated with hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:1068-79. [PMID: 22134163 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In ophthalmology, hyaluronic acid (HA) is an important extracellular matrix (ECM) component and is appropriate for use in generating a microenvironment for cell cultivation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the rabbit corneal keratocyte (RCK) growth in response to HA coatings under serum-free conditions. After modification with HA of varying molecular weights (MWs: 35-1500kDa), the surfaces were characterized by atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements, and were used for cell culture studies. Our data indicated that the substrates coated with higher negatively charged HA become rougher and are more hydrophilic, resulting in the decrease of cell adhesion and cell-matrix interaction. This early cellular event was likely responsible for the determination of keratocyte configuration. Additionally, for the growth of RCKs on dry HA coatings with surface roughness of 1.1-1.7 nm, a strong cell-cell interaction was observed, which may facilitate the formation of multicellular spheroid aggregates and maintenance of mitotically quiescent state. At each culture time point from 1 to 5 days, a better biosynthetic capacity associated with a higher prevalence of elevated ECM production was found for the cells in a spherical configuration. Irrespective of polysaccharide MW of surface coatings, the RCKs presented good viability without hypoxia-induced death. As compared with a monolayer of adherent keratocytes on tissue culture polystyrene plates and low MW HA-modified samples, the cell spheroids (76-110 μm in diameter) showed significantly higher expressions of keratocan and lumican and lower expressions of biglycan, similar to those of keratocytes in vivo. Moreover, the expression levels of corneal crystallin aldehyde dehydrogenase (7-9-fold increase) and nestin (10-16-fold increase) were greater in larger-sized spheroids, indicating higher ability to maintain cellular transparency and self-renewal potential. It is concluded that the cultured RCKs on surfaces coated with HA of different MWs can sense ECM cues, and the multicellular spheroids may potentially be used for corneal stromal tissue engineering applications.
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Lai JY, Wang TP, Li YT, Tu IH. Synthesis, characterization and ocular biocompatibility of potential keratoprosthetic hydrogels based on photopolymerized poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-co-poly(acrylic acid). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm14211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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27
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Garshasbi A, Mahdi Doroodmand M, Pooladi R, Safavi A, Hossein Sheikhi M. Comparative investigation of the formation of polytetrafluoroethylene nanoparticles on different solid substrates through the adsorption of tetrafluoroethylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Hartmann L, Watanabe K, Zheng LL, Kim CY, Beck SE, Huie P, Noolandi J, Cochran JR, Ta CN, Frank CW. Toward the development of an artificial cornea: improved stability of interpenetrating polymer networks. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2011; 98:8-17. [PMID: 21504051 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel interpenetrating network (IPN) based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(acrylic acid) was developed and its use as an artificial cornea was evaluated in vivo. The in vivo results of a first set of corneal inlays based on PEG-diacrylate precursor showed inflammation of the treated eyes and haze in the corneas. The insufficient biocompatibility could be correlated to poor long-term stability of the implant caused by hydrolytic degradation over time. Adapting the hydrogel chemistry by replacing hydrolysable acrylate functionalities with stable acrylamide functionalities was shown to increase the long-term stability of the resulting IPNs under hydrolytic conditions. This new set of hydrogel implants now shows increased biocompatibility in vivo. Rabbits with corneal inlay implants are healthy and have clear cornea and non-inflamed eyes for up to 6 months after implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hartmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94303, USA
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In vitro response of retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to chitosan materials prepared with different cross-linkers. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:5256-72. [PMID: 21614206 PMCID: PMC3100825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11125256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between cells and biopolymers is the evaluation indicator of the biocompatibility of materials. The purpose of this work was to examine the responses of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells to genipin (GP) or glutaraldehyde (GTA) cross-linked chitosan by means of cell viability assays, cytokine expression analyses, and apoptosis assays. Evaluations of non-cross-linked chitosan were conducted simultaneously for comparison. Both GP and GTA treated samples with the same extent of cross-linking (around 80%) were prepared by varying cross-linking time. Our results showed that GP cross-linking was carried out by either radical polymerization of the monomers or SN2 nucleophilic substitution reaction involving the replacement of the ester group on the monomer with a secondary amide linkage. On the other hand, GTA could react with free amino groups of chitosan, leading to the formation of either the Schiff bases or the Michael-type adducts with terminal aldehydes. The biocompatibility of non-cross-linked chitosan membranes was demonstrated by the absence of any signs of toxicity or inflammation reaction. The present study showed that the ARPE-19 cells exposed to GTA cross-linked chitosan membranes had significantly higher cytotoxicity, interleukin-6 levels, and number of TUNEL-positive nuclei than did those exposed to GP treated samples. In addition, the materials modified with GTA trigger apoptosis at an early stage and may induce toxicity in the RPE cells later. The findings suggest that while the chitosan molecules bridged by GP are satisfactorily cytocompatible, the counterparts treated by GTA do not seem to be tolerated. In terms of material safety, the GP cross-linked chitosan may be compatible with human RPE cells and may have a potential application as delivery carriers in the treatment of posterior segment diseases.
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Lai JY, Li YT. Functional assessment of cross-linked porous gelatin hydrogels for bioengineered cell sheet carriers. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:1387-97. [PMID: 20355704 DOI: 10.1021/bm100213f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An efficient carrier for corneal endothelial cell therapy should deliver and retain the cell sheet transplants at the site of injury without causing adverse effects. Here we introduced a simple stirring process combined with freeze-drying (SFD1) method for the development of gelatin hydrogels with enlarged pore structure that can improve the aqueous humor circulation. Samples fabricated by air-drying (AD) or freeze-drying method were used for comparison. After cross-linking with 1 mM 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), the discs were investigated to assess their functionality. The simultaneous presence of ice crystals and gas bubbles resulted in large pore size (461 +/- 85 mum) and high porosity (48.0 +/- 1.9%) of SFD1 carriers. Among all of the samples studied, the SFD1 hydrogels showed the most appropriate swelling characteristics without squeezing effect on the anterior segment tissues of the eye. The enlarged pore structure also allowed carriers to contain the highest fraction of mobile water and exhibit the lowest resistance to the glucose permeation. In comparison with AD samples, the SFD1 materials had better cytocompatibility and biocompatibility and more effectively prevented a drastic change of intraocular pressure. Rheological measurements showed that the SFD1 hydrogels behaved like an elastic solid and had a tough (rigid and deformable) texture. As a temporary supporter, the biodegradable gelatin hydrogel could facilitate cell sheet transfer and avoid long-term residence of foreign carriers in the body. Our findings suggest that the gelatin discs with enlarged pore structure have potential as cell sheet carriers for intraocular delivery and corneal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, Republic of China.
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Yan T, Sun R, Li C, Tan B, Mao X, Ao N. Immobilization of type-I collagen and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) onto poly (HEMA-co-MMA) hydrogel surface and its cytotoxicity study. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2010; 21:2425-2433. [PMID: 20502949 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-010-4094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Type-I collagen and bFGF were immobilized onto the surface of poly (HEMA-co-MMA) hydrogel by grafting and coating methods to improve its cytotoxicity. The multi-layered structure of the biocompatible layer was confirmed by FTIR, AFM and static water contact angles. The layers were stable in body-like environment (pH 7.4). Human skin fibroblast cells (HSFC) were seeded onto Col/bFGF-poly (HEMA-co-MMA), Col-poly (HEMA-co-MMA) and poly (HEMA-co-MMA) films for 1, 3 and 5 day. MTT assay was performed to evaluate the extraction toxicity of the materials. Results showed that the cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation on Col/bFGF-poly (HEMA-co-MMA) film were higher than those of the control group, which indicated the improvement of cell-material interaction. The extraction toxicity of the modified materials was also lower than that of the unmodified group. The protein and bFGF immobilized poly (HEMA-co-MMA) hydrogel might hold great promise to be a biocompatible material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Lai JY, Li YT. Evaluation of cross-linked gelatin membranes as delivery carriers for retinal sheets. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2010.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Lai JY. Biocompatibility of chemically cross-linked gelatin hydrogels for ophthalmic use. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2010; 21:1899-1911. [PMID: 20238149 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-010-4035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatibility is a major requirement for the development of functional biomaterials for ophthalmic applications. In this study, we investigated the effect of cross-linker functionality on ocular biocompatibility of chemically modified gelatin hydrogels. The test materials were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GTA) or 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), and were analyzed using in vitro and in vivo assays. Primary rat iris pigment epithelial cultures were incubated with various gelatin discs for 2 days, and the cellular responses were monitored by cell proliferation, viability, and pro-inflammatory gene and cytokine expression. The results demonstrated that the cells exposed to EDC cross-linked gelatins had relatively lower lactate dehydrogenase activity, cytotoxicity, and interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels than did those to GTA treated samples. In addition, the gelatin implants were inserted in the anterior chamber of rabbit eyes for 12 weeks and characterized by clinical observations and scanning electron microscopy studies. The EDC cross-linked gelatin hydrogels exhibited good biocompatibility and were well tolerated without causing toxicity and adverse effects. However, a significant inflammatory reaction was elicited by the presence of GTA treated materials. It was noted that, despite its biocompatibility, the potential application of non-cross-linked gelatin for local delivery of cell and drug therapeutics would be limited due to rapid dissolution in aqueous environments. In conclusion, these findings suggest ocular cell/tissue response to changes in cross-linker properties. In comparison to GTA treatment, the EDC cross-linking is more suitable for preparation of chemically modified gelatin hydrogels for ophthalmic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, 33302, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Lai JY. The role of bloom index of gelatin on the interaction with retinal pigment epithelial cells. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:3442-3456. [PMID: 20111679 PMCID: PMC2812822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10083442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible materials are of considerable interest in the development of cell/drug delivery carriers for therapeutic applications. This paper investigates the effects of the Bloom index of gelatin on its interaction with retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Following two days of culture of ARPE-19 cells with gelatin samples G75-100, G175, and G300, the in vitro biocompatibility was determined by cell proliferation and viability assays, and glutamate uptake measurements, as well as cytokine expression analyses. The mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity in the G300 groups was significantly lower than that of G75-100 and G175 groups. The Live/Dead assays also showed that the gelatin samples G300 induced mild cytotoxicity. In comparison with the treatment of gelatins with low Bloom index, the exposure to high Bloom strength gelatins markedly reduced the glutamate uptake capacity of ARPE-19 cells. One possible explanation for these observations is that the presence of gelatin samples G300 with high viscosity in the medium may affect the nutrient availability to cultured cells. The analyses of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 expression at both mRNA and protein levels showed that the gelatins with low Bloom index caused less cellular inflammatory reaction and had more acceptable biocompatibility than their high Bloom strength counterparts. These findings suggest that the Bloom index gives influence on cellular responses to gelatin materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
(J.-Y.L.); Tel. +886-3-211-8800, ext. 3598; Fax: +886-3-211-8668
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Lai JY, Lin PK, Hsiue GH, Cheng HY, Huang SJ, Li YT. Low Bloom Strength Gelatin as a Carrier for Potential Use in Retinal Sheet Encapsulation and Transplantation. Biomacromolecules 2008; 10:310-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm801039n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, and Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, Republic of China, Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan 11217, Republic of China, and Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
| | - Po-Kang Lin
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, and Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, Republic of China, Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan 11217, Republic of China, and Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
| | - Ging-Ho Hsiue
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, and Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, Republic of China, Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan 11217, Republic of China, and Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
| | - Hsiao-Yun Cheng
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, and Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, Republic of China, Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan 11217, Republic of China, and Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Jung Huang
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, and Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, Republic of China, Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan 11217, Republic of China, and Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ting Li
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, and Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, Republic of China, Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan 11217, Republic of China, and Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
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Götze T, Valtink M, Nitschke M, Gramm S, Hanke T, Engelmann K, Werner C. Cultivation of an immortalized human corneal endothelial cell population and two distinct clonal subpopulations on thermo-responsive carriers. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2008; 246:1575-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-008-0904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 06/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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