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Liu C, Tao J, Wu T, Zhao HB, Yu C, Rao W. Construction of hierarchical SiO 2 microcapsule towards flame retardation, low toxicity and mechanical enhancement of epoxy resins. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 342:140184. [PMID: 37716559 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for improving the flame retardancy, smoke suppression and mechanical properties of epoxy resins (EPs) has been proposed by incorporating functionalized hollow mesoporous silica microcapsules (SHP) loaded with phosphorous silane flame retardants (SCA) and coated with polydopamine (PDA) and transition metals. The proposed approach involves a multi-level structure that combines several mechanisms to enhance the flame-retardant properties of EP. The physical barrier provided by silica serves to impede heat and mass transfer during combustion, while the catalytic carbonization effect of phosphorus and transition metals promotes the formation of a protective char layer, which acts as a barrier to further flame propagation. Incorporating a low loading amount of 3 wt% SHP into the epoxy matrix resulted in EP/SHP-3 composites with significantly improved flame retardancy, as evidenced by a limiting oxygen index of 31.5% and a V-1 rating, in contrast to the values obtained for unmodified EP, which were 23.8% and no rating, respectively. In addition, cone calorimeter test (CCT) results indicated that the total heat release, peak heat release rate and total smoke production of EP/SHP-3 decreased by 18.2%, 25.2% and 18.4%, respectively. Moreover, the improved interfacial compatibility facilitated by polydopamine assists in the dispersion and compatibility of the SHP with the epoxy matrix, leading to better mechanical properties. Herein, the addition of 1 wt% SHP to EP significantly improved its mechanical performance, with a 16.7% increase in tensile strength and a 19.2% increase in impact strength. The design of the multi-level structural approach has the potential to provide new ideas for the simultaneous improvement of fire safety as well as mechanical properties of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Jie Tao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Chuanbai Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Wenhui Rao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin, 541004, China.
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Zhai H, Qiao C, Geng C, Xia Y, Zhao G, Xue Z. Study on the flame retardancy of carrageenan fiber papers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2022-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Carrageenan fibers crosslinked with trivalent metal ions (Al3+ or Fe3+) were prepared into carrageenan fiber paper (Al/CAP, Fe/CAP) by the Rapid Kothen method, and their flame-retardant mechanism and flame retardancy were studied through LOI, VF, SEM, CONE, and TGA testing. The results showed that Al/CAP exhibited good flame retardancy and thermal stability, and its LOI value reached 52%. Meanwhile, the afterflame time and afterglow time of Al/CAP were 0 and 1 s, respectively, which indicated that it was not ignited and almost had no smoldering phenomenon. The flame-retardant performance of Fe/CAP is inferior to that of Al/CAP, with LOI of 32, but the total smoke emission (TSP) of Fe/CAP is lower in cone calorimetry test. Thus, CAPs (especially Al/CAP) can be widely used in the flame-retardant paper industry, due to their flame retardancy and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Zhai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Marine Fiber New Material Institute, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong 266071 , China
| | - Cuixia Qiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Marine Fiber New Material Institute, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong 266071 , China
| | - Cunzhen Geng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Marine Fiber New Material Institute, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong 266071 , China
| | - Yanzhi Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Marine Fiber New Material Institute, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong 266071 , China
| | - Gang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Marine Fiber New Material Institute, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong 266071 , China
| | - Zhixin Xue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Marine Fiber New Material Institute, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong 266071 , China
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Improving the Heat Resistance and Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resin Composites by Novel Multifunctional Cyclophosphazene Derivatives. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010059. [PMID: 36616409 PMCID: PMC9824309 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel multiple-ring molecule containing P and N, called HCCP-SA, was successfully prepared by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of salicylamide (SA) and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP). Particularly, HCCP-SA possessed the dual functions of heat resistance and flame retardancy. The molecular structure of HCCP-SA was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. HCCP-SA was bonded into the molecular chain of epoxy resin by the ring-opening curing reaction of epoxy resin, aiming to form a heat-resistant and flame-retardant composite (E-HS-x). In particular, the best-prepared E-HS-x composite with a 20 phr content of HCCP-SA (E-HS-20) presented excellent thermal stability, with an initial decomposition temperature of 267.94 °C and a max weight loss speed of only 0.95 mg·min-1. Moreover, E-HS-20 exhibited remarkable flame retardancy with a limiting oxygen index value of 27.1% and a V-2 rating in the UL94 flame retardancy test. The best-prepared E-HS-20 composite would be a suitable and potential candidate for heat-resistant and flame-retardant polymer materials.
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Cui J, Yu H, Li T, Zhu Y, Zhu A, Mao X, Qi C, Yang B, Guo J, Mu B, Tian L. Improvement of mechanical properties and flame retardancy of epoxy resin by phosphorylated cyclotriphosphazene hyperbranched polymeric flame retardants. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Yu H, Tian L, Li T, Zhu Y, Zhu A, Guo X, Liu K, Yang B, Guo J, Mu B, Cui J. Cyclotriphosphazene hyperbranched P/N/Si prepared flame retardants improve mechanical properties and flame retardancy of epoxy resins. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Yu
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Li Tian
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Yingxue Zhu
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Anjun Zhu
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Xiaoqian Guo
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Kangli Liu
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Baoping Yang
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Junhong Guo
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Bo Mu
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Jinfeng Cui
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
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Lu J, Shi C, Qian X, Zhou K. Design and preparation of a novel organic–inorganic hybrid for reducing fire hazards of epoxy. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Lu
- Faculty of Engineering China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Congling Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metro Fire and Passenger Transportation Safety China Academy of Safety Science and Technology Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Qian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metro Fire and Passenger Transportation Safety China Academy of Safety Science and Technology Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Keqing Zhou
- Faculty of Engineering China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of China
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Zhou R, Sun X, Xie J, Ma G, Li WJ, Jiang JC, Shu CM. A Series of Novel Flame Retardants Produced with Nanosilica, Melamine, and Aluminum Diethylphosphinate to Improve the Flame Retardancy of Phenolic Resin. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:16980-16989. [PMID: 35647439 PMCID: PMC9134380 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To facilitate the flame retardancy of phenolic resin (PF), a series of novel flame retardants with nano-SiO2, melamine, and aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) were freshly prepared and tested. A thermogravimetric analysis, cone calorimeter, and scanning electron microscopy were employed to determine the thermal decomposition, flame retardancy, combustion properties, and structure of the carbon residue layer of PF. The pyrolysis kinetic parameters of modified PF were then computed, and the pyrolysis process was appraised. The results indicated that when 1.5 wt % of nano-SiO2, 3 wt % of melamine, and 15 wt % of ADP were added to PF, the limiting oxygen index value reached 39.6%, and UL-94 passed the V-0 level. A substantial synergistic effect was also observed. The thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the char residue at 800 °C reached 59.93 wt %. Furthermore, in the cone calorimeter test, the total thermal release and thermal release rate decreased to 30.7 MJ/m2 and 105.7 kW/m2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhou
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Urban and Industrial Safety, College of Safety Science
and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Urban and Industrial Safety, College of Safety Science
and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Juan Xie
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Urban and Industrial Safety, College of Safety Science
and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Gang Ma
- Taizhou
Special Equipment Inspection and Testing Research Institute, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Wen-Juan Li
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Urban and Industrial Safety, College of Safety Science
and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Jun-Cheng Jiang
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Urban and Industrial Safety, College of Safety Science
and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, People’s Republic
of China
- School
of Environment & Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chi-Min Shu
- Department
of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan
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10
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Yu H, Tian L, Zhu Y, Zhu A, Mao X, Yang B, Guo J, Mu B, Cui J. Effect of cyclophosphazene nucleated hyperbranched polyester on flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Yu
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Li Tian
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Yingxue Zhu
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Anjun Zhu
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Xin Mao
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Baoping Yang
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Junhong Guo
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Bo Mu
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Jinfeng Cui
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
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11
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Harmandar K, Küçük T, Atilla D, İbişoğlu H, Şenkuytu E, Ün ŞŞ. Zn(II) phthalocyanine-cyclotriphosphazene dyad: synthesis, characterization, photophysical, and photochemical properties. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2022.2046574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevser Harmandar
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Küçük
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Devrim Atilla
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Hanife İbişoğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Elif Şenkuytu
- Department of Chemistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Şule Şahin Ün
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Azman Mohammad Taib MN, Hamidon TS, Garba ZN, Trache D, Uyama H, Hussin MH. Recent progress in cellulose-based composites towards flame retardancy applications. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13
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Zhang X, Zhang W, Pan YT, Qian L, Qin Z, Zhang W. Synthesis and performance of intrinsically flame-retardant, low-smoke biobased vinyl ester resin. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hsissou R. Review on epoxy polymers and its composites as a potential anticorrosive coatings for carbon steel in 3.5% NaCl solution: Computational approaches. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ashok N, Prakash K, Selvakumar D, Balachandran M. Synergistic enhancement of mechanical, viscoelastic, transport, thermal, and radiation aging characteristics through chemically bonded interface in nanosilica reinforced
EPDM‐CIIR
blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neelesh Ashok
- Centre of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE—AMGT) Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore India
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore India
| | - Karthikeyan Prakash
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore India
| | - Deepika Selvakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore India
| | - Meera Balachandran
- Centre of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE—AMGT) Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore India
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore India
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Wu Q, Liu Y, Han Z, Su M, Sun J, Zhang S, Gu X, Li H. Surface modification of bamboo fibers by diammonium phosphate and their applications in flame retardant thermoplastic polyurethane. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Yanxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Zhongqiang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Special Functional Waterproof Materials Beijing Oriental Yuhong Waterproof Technology Co., Ltd. Beijing China
| | - Ming Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
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Kim Y, Lee S, Yoon H. Fire-Safe Polymer Composites: Flame-Retardant Effect of Nanofillers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:540. [PMID: 33673106 PMCID: PMC7918670 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, polymers are competing with metals and ceramics to realize various material characteristics, including mechanical and electrical properties. However, most polymers consist of organic matter, making them vulnerable to flames and high-temperature conditions. In addition, the combustion of polymers consisting of different types of organic matter results in various gaseous hazards. Therefore, to minimize the fire damage, there has been a significant demand for developing polymers that are fire resistant or flame retardant. From this viewpoint, it is crucial to design and synthesize thermally stable polymers that are less likely to decompose into combustible gaseous species under high-temperature conditions. Flame retardants can also be introduced to further reinforce the fire performance of polymers. In this review, the combustion process of organic matter, types of flame retardants, and common flammability testing methods are reviewed. Furthermore, the latest research trends in the use of versatile nanofillers to enhance the fire performance of polymeric materials are discussed with an emphasis on their underlying action, advantages, and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukyung Kim
- R&D Laboratory: Korea Fire Institute, 331 Jisam-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17088, Korea;
| | - Sanghyuck Lee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Hyeonseok Yoon
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Gan H, Seraji SM, Zhang J, Swan SR, Issazadeh S, Varley RJ. Synthesis of a phosphorus‑silicone modifier imparting excellent flame retardancy and improved mechanical properties to a rapid cure epoxy. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Qu L, Sui Y, Zhang C, Li P, Dai X, Xu B. Compatible cyclophosphazene-functionalized graphene hybrids to improve flame retardancy for epoxy nanocomposites. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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