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Mostafa AM, Barton SJ, Wren SP, Barker J. Development of Highly Sensitive Fluorescent Sensors for Separation-Free Detection and Quantitation Systems of Pepsin Enzyme Applying a Structure-Guided Approach. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:151. [PMID: 38534258 DOI: 10.3390/bios14030151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Two fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were developed for pepsin enzyme utilising fluorescein and rhodamine b. The main difference between both dyes is the presence of two (diethylamino) groups in the structure of rhodamine b. Consequently, we wanted to investigate the effect of these functional groups on the selectivity and sensitivity of the resulting MIPs. Therefore, two silica-based MIPs for pepsin enzyme were developed using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as a functional monomer and tetraethyl orthosilicate as a crosslinker to achieve a one-pot synthesis. Results of our study revealed that rhodamine b dyed MIPs (RMIPs) showed stronger binding, indicated by a higher binding capacity value of 256 mg g-1 compared to 217 mg g-1 for fluorescein dyed MIPs (FMIPs). Moreover, RMIPs showed superior sensitivity in the detection and quantitation of pepsin with a linear range from 0.28 to 42.85 µmol L-1 and a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.11 µmol L-1. In contrast, FMIPs covered a narrower range from 0.71 to 35.71 µmol L-1, and the LOD value reached 0.34 µmol L-1, which is three times less sensitive than RMIPs. Finally, the developed FMIPs and RMIPs were applied to a separation-free quantification system for pepsin in saliva samples without interference from any cross-reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya M Mostafa
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Stephen J Barton
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Stephen P Wren
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK
| | - James Barker
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK
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Feng T, Chen Z, Cheng X. ZnS:Mn Quantum Dots Coated with a Silica Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Trace Teflubenzuron Detection in Vegetable Samples. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03634-8. [PMID: 38460097 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03634-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
A novel nanocomposite fluorescent probe consisting of quantum dots and a silica molecularly imprinted polymer (MIPs-capped ZnS:Mn QDs) was synthesized and applied for the rapid detection of teflubenzuron (TBZ) based on the fluorescence quenching of a composite probe via TBZ. The fluorescence quenching efficiency of MIP@SiO2@ZnS:Mn QDs displayed a linear relationship over the concentration range of 0-26.24 μmol/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.9857 and the limit of detection was 2.4 μg/L. The selectivity test showed that the nanocomposite had good selectively rebind TBZ with higher imprinting factor of 3.06 compared with four structurally similar compounds. In addition, the probe was successfully applied to the detection of TBZ in vegetable samples with a recovery of 90.3~97.1% and with a relative standard deviation below 3.2%. This developed method has the advantages of simple preparation, fast response and low toxicity for trace TBZ detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Feng
- Key Laboratory Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zhenkun Chen
- Key Laboratory Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiaomin Cheng
- Key Laboratory Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei, 230601, China.
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Zhou J, Chen X, Wei Y, Lu R, Wei Z, Huang K, Luo H, Zhang J, Zheng C. Portable and Rapid Fluorescence Turn-On Detection of Total Pepsin in Saliva Based on Strong Electrostatic Interactions. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18303-18308. [PMID: 38019658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Salivary pepsin has been proposed as a promising diagnostic marker for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, the activity of human pepsin is strongly influenced by pH, and the acidic condition (pH ∼ 2) is optimal, which is a contradiction for the pepsin detection kit based on its catalytic activity. Thus, its accurate quantification in saliva (neutral pH) by readily rapid tools with simplicity and low cost is still challenging. Herein, a convenient fluorescence assay has been developed for the rapid detection of pepsin at neutral pH based on its electrostatic interaction with SYBR Green (SG) rather than the bioactivity. At neutral pH, the positively charged SG fluorophore can be effectively adsorbed by the negatively charged pepsin due to the low isoelectric point (pI) and large molecular size of pepsin. Thus, the molecular rotation of SG is limited, and its fluorescence intensity is significantly increased. The strategy was further confirmed to have the same fluorescence response as that of normally active and inactivated pepsin. Due to the unique pI of pepsin, the fluorescence strategy is highly selective for pepsin compared to other proteins. On the basis of this strategy, a smartphone-based fluorescence capture device integrated with a programmed Python program was fabricated for both color recognition and the accurate detection of pepsin within 3 min. Under the optimal conditions, this turn-on sensor allowed for the on-site analysis of pepsin with a detection limit of 0.2 μg/mL. Moreover, this strategy was successfully used to assess salivary pepsin to aid in the noninvasive diagnosis of GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610068, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xueshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yingnan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Ruixuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Zeliang Wei
- Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ke Huang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610068, China
| | - Hong Luo
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610068, China
| | - Jinyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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A bovine serum albumin and squaraine dye assembly fluorescent probe for pepsin detection. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Piletsky SS, Garcia Cruz A, Piletska E, Piletsky SA, Aboagye EO, Spivey AC. Iodo Silanes as Superior Substrates for the Solid Phase Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081595. [PMID: 35458345 PMCID: PMC9026888 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current state-of-the-art techniques for the solid phase synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanoparticles typically rely on amino silanes for the immobilisation of template molecules prior to polymerisation. An investigation into commonly used amino silanes identified a number of problematic side reactions which negatively affect the purity and affinity of these polymers. Iodo silanes are presented as a superior alternative in a case study describing the synthesis of MIPs against epitopes of a common cancer biomarker, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The proposed iodo silane outperformed the amino silane by all metrics tested, showing high purity and specificity, and nanomolar affinity for the target peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav S. Piletsky
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Alvaro Garcia Cruz
- School of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (A.G.C.); (E.P.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Elena Piletska
- School of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (A.G.C.); (E.P.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Sergey A. Piletsky
- School of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (A.G.C.); (E.P.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK;
| | - Alan C. Spivey
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK;
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