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Luan Y, Ren KD, Luan Y, Chen X, Yang Y. Mitochondrial Dynamics: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets of Vascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:770574. [PMID: 34938787 PMCID: PMC8685340 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.770574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular diseases, particularly atherosclerosis, are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Endothelial cell (EC) or vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction leads to blood vessel abnormalities, which cause a series of vascular diseases. The mitochondria are the core sites of cell energy metabolism and function in blood vessel development and vascular disease pathogenesis. Mitochondrial dynamics, including fusion and fission, affect a variety of physiological or pathological processes. Multiple studies have confirmed the influence of mitochondrial dynamics on vascular diseases. This review discusses the regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics, the key proteins that mediate mitochondrial fusion and fission, and their potential effects on ECs and VSMCs. We demonstrated the possibility of mitochondrial dynamics as a potential target for the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luan
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kai-Di Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Luan
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Xin Y, Zhang X, Li J, Gao H, Li J, Li J, Hu W, Li H. New Insights Into the Role of Mitochondria Quality Control in Ischemic Heart Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:774619. [PMID: 34901234 PMCID: PMC8661033 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.774619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IHD is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In the acute phase, it's demonstrated as myocardial infarction and ischemia-reperfusion injury, while in the chronic stage, the ischemic heart is mainly characterised by adverse myocardial remodelling. Although interventions such as thrombolysis and percutaneous coronary intervention could reduce the death risk of these patients, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms need more exploration. Mitochondria are crucial to maintain the physiological function of the heart. During IHD, mitochondrial dysfunction results in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease. Ischemia drives mitochondrial damage not only due to energy deprivation, but also to other aspects such as mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondria-related inflammation, etc. Given the critical roles of mitochondrial quality control in the pathological process of ischemic heart disease, in this review, we will summarise the efforts in targeting mitochondria (such as mitophagy, mtROS, and mitochondria-related inflammation) on IHD. In addition, we will briefly revisit the emerging therapeutic targets in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanguo Xin
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jingye Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junli Li
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Horvath O, Ordog K, Bruszt K, Kalman N, Kovacs D, Radnai B, Gallyas F, Toth K, Halmosi R, Deres L. Modulation of Mitochondrial Quality Control Processes by BGP-15 in Oxidative Stress Scenarios: From Cell Culture to Heart Failure. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6643871. [PMID: 33728024 PMCID: PMC7937466 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6643871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex chronic clinical disease characterized by among others the damage of the mitochondrial network. The disruption of the mitochondrial quality control and the imbalance in fusion-fission processes lead to a lack of energy supply and, finally, to cell death. BGP-15 (O-[3-piperidino-2-hydroxy-1-propyl]-nicotinic acid amidoxime dihydrochloride) is an insulin sensitizer molecule and has a cytoprotective effect in a wide variety of experimental models. In our recent work, we aimed to clarify the mitochondrial protective effects of BGP-15 in a hypertension-induced heart failure model and "in vitro." Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) received BGP-15 or placebo for 18 weeks. BGP-15 treatment preserved the normal mitochondrial ultrastructure and enhanced the mitochondrial fusion. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were stressed by hydrogen-peroxide. BGP-15 treatment inhibited the mitochondrial fission processes, promoted mitochondrial fusion, maintained the integrity of the mitochondrial genome, and moreover enhanced the de novo biogenesis of the mitochondria. As a result of these effects, BGP-15 treatment also supports the maintenance of mitochondrial function through the preservation of the mitochondrial structure during hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress as well as in an "in vivo" heart failure model. It offers the possibility, which pharmacological modulation of mitochondrial quality control under oxidative stress could be a novel therapeutic approach in heart failure.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Citrate (si)-Synthase/metabolism
- DNA/metabolism
- DNA Damage
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- Dynamins/metabolism
- Electron Transport/drug effects
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Genome, Mitochondrial
- Heart Failure/etiology
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Hypertension/complications
- Male
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/ultrastructure
- Mitochondrial Dynamics
- Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Myocardium/ultrastructure
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/ultrastructure
- Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/metabolism
- Organelle Biogenesis
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Oximes/administration & dosage
- Oximes/chemistry
- Oximes/pharmacology
- Oxygen Consumption/drug effects
- Piperidines/administration & dosage
- Piperidines/chemistry
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Horvath
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Ordog
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Kitti Bruszt
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Nikoletta Kalman
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Dominika Kovacs
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Balazs Radnai
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Gallyas
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
- HAS-UP Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, 1245 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kalman Toth
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Robert Halmosi
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Deres
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- HAS-UP Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, 1245 Budapest, Hungary
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Liao H, Qi Y, Ye Y, Yue P, Zhang D, Li Y. Mechanotranduction Pathways in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Cardiomyocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:625089. [PMID: 33553165 PMCID: PMC7858659 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.625089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are one of the most important organelles in cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial homeostasis is necessary for the maintenance of normal heart function. Mitochondria perform four major biological processes in cardiomyocytes: mitochondrial dynamics, metabolic regulation, Ca2+ handling, and redox generation. Additionally, the cardiovascular system is quite sensitive in responding to changes in mechanical stress from internal and external environments. Several mechanotransduction pathways are involved in regulating the physiological and pathophysiological status of cardiomyocytes. Typically, the extracellular matrix generates a stress-loading gradient, which can be sensed by sensors located in cellular membranes, including biophysical and biochemical sensors. In subsequent stages, stress stimulation would regulate the transcription of mitochondrial related genes through intracellular transduction pathways. Emerging evidence reveals that mechanotransduction pathways have greatly impacted the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. Excessive mechanical stress loading contributes to impairing mitochondrial function, leading to cardiac disorder. Therefore, the concept of restoring mitochondrial function by shutting down the excessive mechanotransduction pathways is a promising therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases. Recently, viral and non-viral protocols have shown potentials in application of gene therapy. This review examines the biological process of mechanotransduction pathways in regulating mitochondrial function in response to mechanical stress during the development of cardiomyopathy and heart failure. We also summarize gene therapy delivery protocols to explore treatments based on mechanical stress–induced mitochondrial dysfunction, to provide new integrative insights into cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yida Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Chen L, Chen XY, Wang QL, Yang SJ, Zhou H, Ding LS, Qing LS, Luo P. Astragaloside IV Derivative (LS-102) Alleviated Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Drp1 Ser616 Phosphorylation-Mediated Mitochondrial Fission. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1083. [PMID: 33041784 PMCID: PMC7528720 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that Astragaloside IV derivative (LS-102) exhibited potent protective function against ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury, but little is known about the mechanisms. Mitochondrial fission regulated by dynamin-related protein1 (Drp1) is a newly recognized determinant of mitochondrial function. This study aimed to investigate the protection of LS-102 on mitochondrial structure and function by regulating the activity of Drp1 using models of H9c2 cardiomyocyte injury induced by hypoxia-reperfusion (H/R), and rat heart injury induced by I/R. The results showed that LS-102 significantly decreased apoptosis, levels of ROS, CK, LDH, and calcium, upregulating MMP, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in cardiomyocytes during I/R injury. Furthermore, LS-102 prevented I/R-induced mitochondrial fission by decreasing Drp1's mitochondrial localization through decreasing the phosphorylation of Drp1 at Ser616 (Drp1Ser616) and increasing the phosphorylation of Drp1 at Ser637 (Drp1Ser637) in H9c2 cells. Importantly, we also robustly confirmed Drp1Ser616 as a novel GSK-3β phosphorylation site. GSK-3β-mediated phosphorylation at Drp1Ser616 may be associated with mitochondrial fission during I/R of cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, LS-102 exerts cardio protection against I/R-induced injury by inhibiting mitochondrial fission via blocking GSK-3β-mediated phosphorylation at Ser616 of Drp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- Department of Cardiac Encephalopathy, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Qian-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Si-Jin Yang
- Department of Cardiac Encephalopathy, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Li-Sheng Ding
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin-Sen Qing
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a multifactorial disease brought about by numerous, and oftentimes complex, etiological mechanisms. Although well studied, HF continues to affect millions of people worldwide and current treatments can only prevent further progression of HF. Mitochondria undoubtedly play an important role in the progression of HF, and numerous studies have highlighted mitochondrial components that contribute to HF. This review presents an overview of the role of mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore in HF, discusses ongoing studies that attempt to address the disease through mitochondrial targeting, and provides an insight on how these studies can affect future research on HF treatment.
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Chiong M, Cartes-Saavedra B, Norambuena-Soto I, Mondaca-Ruff D, Morales PE, García-Miguel M, Mellado R. Mitochondrial metabolism and the control of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:72. [PMID: 25566542 PMCID: PMC4266092 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation and dedifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are essential processes of vascular development. VSMC have biosynthetic, proliferative, and contractile roles in the vessel wall. Alterations in the differentiated state of the VSMC play a critical role in the pathogenesis of a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and vascular stenosis. This review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in the control of VSMC proliferation, with particular focus on mitochondrial metabolism. Mitochondrial activity can be controlled by regulating mitochondrial dynamics, i.e., mitochondrial fusion and fission, and by regulating mitochondrial calcium handling through the interaction with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Alterations in both VSMC proliferation and mitochondrial function can be triggered by dysregulation of mitofusin-2, a small GTPase associated with mitochondrial fusion and mitochondrial–ER interaction. Several lines of evidence highlight the relevance of mitochondrial metabolism in the control of VSMC proliferation, indicating a new area to be explored in the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Chiong
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Benjamín Cartes-Saavedra
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Norambuena-Soto
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - David Mondaca-Ruff
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo E Morales
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Marina García-Miguel
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosemarie Mellado
- Faculty of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile Santiago, Chile
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