1
|
García-Miguel M, Riquelme JA, Norambuena-Soto I, Morales PE, Sanhueza-Olivares F, Nuñez-Soto C, Mondaca-Ruff D, Cancino-Arenas N, San Martín A, Chiong M. Autophagy mediates tumor necrosis factor-α-induced phenotype switching in vascular smooth muscle A7r5 cell line. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197210. [PMID: 29750813 PMCID: PMC5947899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) dedifferentiation from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype contributes to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic tissue has a chronic inflammatory component with high levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). VSMC of atheromatous plaques have increased autophagy, a mechanism responsible for protein and intracellular organelle degradation. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether TNF-α induces phenotype switching of VSMCs and whether this effect depends on autophagy. Rat aortic Vascular smooth A7r5 cell line was used as a model to examine the phenotype switching and autophagy. These cells were stimulated with TNF-α 100 ng/mL. Autophagy was determined by measuring LC3-II and p62 protein levels. Autophagy was inhibited using chloroquine and siRNA Beclin1. Cell dedifferentiation was evaluated by measuring the expression of contractile proteins α-SMA and SM22, extracellular matrix protein osteopontin and type I collagen levels. Cell proliferation was measured by [3H]-thymidine incorporation and MTT assay, and migration was evaluated by wound healing and transwell assays. Expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 was assessed by ELISA. TNF-α induced autophagy as determined by increased LC3-II (1.91±0.21, p<0.001) and decreased p62 (0.86±0.02, p<0.05) when compared to control. Additionally, TNF-α decreased α-SMA (0.74±0.12, p<0.05) and SM22 (0.54±0.01, p<0.01) protein levels. Consequently, TNF-α induced migration (1.25±0.05, p<0.05), proliferation (2.33±0.24, p<0.05), and the secretion of IL-6 (258±53, p<0.01), type I collagen (3.09±0.85, p<0.01) and osteopontin (2.32±0.46, p<0.01). Inhibition of autophagy prevented all the TNF-α-induced phenotypic changes. TNF-α induces phenotype switching in A7r5 cell line by a mechanism that required autophagy. Therefore, autophagy may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina García-Miguel
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime A. Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Norambuena-Soto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo E. Morales
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Sanhueza-Olivares
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Nuñez-Soto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Mondaca-Ruff
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Cancino-Arenas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra San Martín
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Torres G, Morales PE, García-Miguel M, Norambuena-Soto I, Cartes-Saavedra B, Vidal-Peña G, Moncada-Ruff D, Sanhueza-Olivares F, San Martín A, Chiong M. Glucagon-like peptide-1 inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation through mitochondrial dynamics regulation. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 104:52-61. [PMID: 26807480 PMCID: PMC4775317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a neuroendocrine hormone produced by gastrointestinal tract in response to food ingestion. GLP-1 plays a very important role in the glucose homeostasis by stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon secretion, inhibiting gastric emptying, reducing appetite and food intake. Because of these actions, the GLP-1 peptide-mimetic exenatide is one of the most promising new medicines for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In vivo treatments with GLP-1 or exenatide prevent neo-intima layer formation in response to endothelial damage and atherosclerotic lesion formation in aortic tissue. Whether GLP-1 modulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation by controlling mitochondrial dynamics is unknown. In this report, we showed that GLP-1 increased mitochondrial fusion and activity in a PKA-dependent manner in the VSMC cell line A7r5. GLP-1 induced a Ser-637 phosphorylation in the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1, and decreased Drp1 mitochondrial localization. GLP-1 inhibited PDGF-BB-induced VSMC migration and proliferation, actions inhibited by overexpressing wild type Drp1 and mimicked by the Drp1 inhibitor Mdivi-1 and by overexpressing dominant negative Drp1. These results show that GLP-1 stimulates mitochondrial fusion, increases mitochondrial activity and decreases PDGF-BB-induced VSMC dedifferentiation by a PKA/Drp1 signaling pathway. Our data suggest that GLP-1 inhibits vascular remodeling through a mitochondrial dynamics-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Torres
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Pablo E Morales
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marina García-Miguel
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Norambuena-Soto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Benjamín Cartes-Saavedra
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Vidal-Peña
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Moncada-Ruff
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Sanhueza-Olivares
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra San Martín
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chiong M, Cartes-Saavedra B, Norambuena-Soto I, Mondaca-Ruff D, Morales PE, García-Miguel M, Mellado R. Mitochondrial metabolism and the control of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:72. [PMID: 25566542 PMCID: PMC4266092 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation and dedifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are essential processes of vascular development. VSMC have biosynthetic, proliferative, and contractile roles in the vessel wall. Alterations in the differentiated state of the VSMC play a critical role in the pathogenesis of a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and vascular stenosis. This review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in the control of VSMC proliferation, with particular focus on mitochondrial metabolism. Mitochondrial activity can be controlled by regulating mitochondrial dynamics, i.e., mitochondrial fusion and fission, and by regulating mitochondrial calcium handling through the interaction with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Alterations in both VSMC proliferation and mitochondrial function can be triggered by dysregulation of mitofusin-2, a small GTPase associated with mitochondrial fusion and mitochondrial–ER interaction. Several lines of evidence highlight the relevance of mitochondrial metabolism in the control of VSMC proliferation, indicating a new area to be explored in the treatment of vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Chiong
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Benjamín Cartes-Saavedra
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Norambuena-Soto
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - David Mondaca-Ruff
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo E Morales
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Marina García-Miguel
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosemarie Mellado
- Faculty of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|