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Romero-Becera R, Santamans AM, Arcones AC, Sabio G. From Beats to Metabolism: the Heart at the Core of Interorgan Metabolic Cross Talk. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:98-125. [PMID: 38051123 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00018.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart, once considered a mere blood pump, is now recognized as a multifunctional metabolic and endocrine organ. Its function is tightly regulated by various metabolic processes, at the same time it serves as an endocrine organ, secreting bioactive molecules that impact systemic metabolism. In recent years, research has shed light on the intricate interplay between the heart and other metabolic organs, such as adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle. The metabolic flexibility of the heart and its ability to switch between different energy substrates play a crucial role in maintaining cardiac function and overall metabolic homeostasis. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of how metabolic disorders disrupt cardiac metabolism is crucial, as it plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of cardiac diseases. The emerging understanding of the heart as a metabolic and endocrine organ highlights its essential contribution to whole body metabolic regulation and offers new insights into the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. In this review, we provide an in-depth exploration of the heart's metabolic and endocrine functions, emphasizing its role in systemic metabolism and the interplay between the heart and other metabolic organs. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests a correlation between heart disease and other conditions such as aging and cancer, indicating that the metabolic dysfunction observed in these conditions may share common underlying mechanisms. By unraveling the complex mechanisms underlying cardiac metabolism, we aim to contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases and improve overall cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alba C Arcones
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
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Flinn B, Adams C, Chowdhury N, Gress T, Santanam N. Profiling of Non-Coding Regulators and Their Targets in Epicardial Fat from Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105297. [PMID: 35628106 PMCID: PMC9141930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epicardial fat is a continuously growing target of investigation in cardiovascular diseases due to both its anatomical proximity to the heart and coronary circulation and its unique physiology among adipose depots. Previous reports have demonstrated that epicardial fat plays key roles in coronary artery disease, but the non-coding RNA and transcriptomic alterations of epicardial fat in coronary artery disease have not been investigated thoroughly. Micro- and lncRNA microarrays followed by GO-KEGG functional enrichment analysis demonstrated sex-dependent unique mi/lncRNAs altered in human epicardial fat in comparison to subcutaneous fat in both patients with and without coronary artery disease (IRB approved). Among the 14 differentially expressed microRNAs in epicardial fat between patients with and without coronary artery disease, the hsa-miR-320 family was the most highly represented. IPW lncRNA interacted with three of these differentially expressed miRNAs. Next-generation sequencing and pathway enrichment analysis identified six unique mRNAs–miRNA pairs. Pathway enrichment identified inflammation, adipogenesis, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis as the most represented functions altered by the mi/lncRNAs and atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction among the highest cardiovascular pathologies associated with them. Overall, the epicardial fat in patients with coronary artery disease has a unique mi/lncRNA profile which is sex-dependent and has potential implications for regulating cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendin Flinn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA;
| | - Christopher Adams
- Department of Cardiology, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA;
| | - Nepal Chowdhury
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, St. Mary’s Medical Center, Huntington, WV 25702, USA;
| | - Todd Gress
- Research Service, Hershel “Woody” Williams VA Medical Center, Huntington, WV 25704, USA;
| | - Nalini Santanam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(304)-696-7321
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Roberts LB, Kapoor P, Howard JK, Shah AM, Lord GM. An update on the roles of immune system-derived microRNAs in cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2434-2449. [PMID: 33483751 PMCID: PMC8562329 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of human death worldwide. Over the past two decades, the emerging field of cardioimmunology has demonstrated how cells of the immune system play vital roles in the pathogenesis of CVD. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of cellular identity and function. Cell-intrinsic, as well as cell-extrinsic, roles of immune and inflammatory cell-derived miRNAs have been, and continue to be, extensively studied. Several 'immuno-miRNAs' appear to be specifically expressed or demonstrate greatly enriched expression within leucocytes. Identification of miRNAs as critical regulators of immune system signalling pathways has posed the question of whether and how targeting these molecules therapeutically, may afford opportunities for disease treatment and/or management. As the field of cardioimmunology rapidly continues to advance, this review discusses findings from recent human and murine studies which contribute to our understanding of how leucocytes of innate and adaptive immunity are regulated-and may also regulate other cell types, via the actions of the miRNAs they express, in the context of CVD. Finally, we focus on available information regarding miRNA regulation of regulatory T cells and argue that targeted manipulation of miRNA regulated pathways in these cells may hold therapeutic promise for the treatment of CVD and associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke B Roberts
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Puja Kapoor
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Jane K Howard
- School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Graham M Lord
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
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Levin-Schwartz Y, Curtin P, Flores D, Aushev VN, Tamayo-Ortiz M, Svensson K, Pantic I, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Pizano-Zárate ML, Gennings C, Satlin LM, Baccarelli AA, Tellez-Rojo MM, Wright RO, Sanders AP. Exosomal miRNAs in urine associated with children's cardiorenal parameters: a cross-sectional study. Epigenomics 2021; 13:499-512. [PMID: 33635093 PMCID: PMC8033423 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: The authors sought to examine associations between urinary exosomal miRNAs (exo-miRs), emerging biomarkers of renal health, and cardiorenal outcomes in early childhood. Materials & methods: The authors extracted exo-miRs in urine from 88 healthy Mexican children aged 4–6 years. The authors measured associations between 193 exo-miRs and cardiorenal outcomes: systolic/diastolic blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate and urinary sodium and potassium levels. The authors adjusted for age, sex, BMI, socioeconomic status, indoor tobacco smoke exposure and urine specific gravity. Results: Multiple exo-miRs were identified meeting a false discovery rate threshold of q < 0.1. Specifically, three exo-miRs had increased expression with urinary sodium, 17 with urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio and one with decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate. Conclusions: These results highlight urinary exo-miRs as early-life biomarkers of children's cardiorenal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Levin-Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 New York, USA
| | - Paul Curtin
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 New York, USA
| | - Daniel Flores
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 NY, USA
| | - Vasily N Aushev
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 New York, USA
| | - Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz
- Center for Nutrition & Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.,National Council for Science & Technology, 03940 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Katherine Svensson
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, 65188 Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Ivan Pantic
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology, 11000 Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - María L Pizano-Zárate
- Division of Community Interventions Research, National Institute of Perinatology, 11000 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 New York, USA
| | - Lisa M Satlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 NY, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 10027 New York, USA
| | - Martha M Tellez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition & Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 NY, USA
| | - Alison P Sanders
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 NY, USA
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