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Bakiera J, Strzelec-Pawełczak K, Czarnek K, Osuchowska-Grochowska I, Bogucki J, Markiewicz-Gospodarek A, Górska A, Chilimoniuk Z, Radej S, Szymański M, Portincasa P, Grochowski C. Novel inflammatory markers in patients with severe COVID-19 and a pulmonary thrombotic event. Cent Eur J Immunol 2023; 48:167-173. [PMID: 37901866 PMCID: PMC10604642 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2023.131382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), clinically manifested as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or acute pulmonary embolism (PE), is the third most common acute cardiovascular syndrome following myocardial infarction and stroke. The annual incidence of PE is between 39 and 115 per 100,000 inhabitants. The incidence of VTE is almost eight times higher in people aged 80 and older than in the fifth decade of life. We performed a retrospective study of 226 COVID-19 patients and selected group of patients who experienced a pulmonary thrombotic event. The incidence of PE in hospitalized COVID-19 patients was approximately 1.9-8.9%. The retrospective nature of the analyzed cohorts and relatively short observation periods could have led to underestimation of the actual incidence of PE. This study underlines the role of novel inflammatory biomarkers such as neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio in patients with a pulmonary thrombotic event in COVID-19. We suggest that these biomarkers may have high assessment value and complement routinely used biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Bakiera
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Coagulation and Microbiology, Stefan Wyszyński Regional Specialist Hospital, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Czarnek
- Institute of Health Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Bogucki
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Górska
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Sebastian Radej
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Institute of Health Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mateusz Szymański
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Institute of Health Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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The analysis of Fe-dependent serum enzymes in severe COVID-19 with a pulmonary thrombotic event. Cent Eur J Immunol 2022; 47:293-298. [PMID: 36817400 PMCID: PMC9901253 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2022.124076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 patients in critical condition requiring ICU admission are more likely to experience thromboembolic complications, especially pulmonary embolism. Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), clinicians have struggled with the attempt to diagnose and manage the severe and fatal complications of COVID-19 appropriately. Several reports have described significant procoagulatory events, including life-threatening pulmonary embolism, in these patients. The aim of the study was to analyze the results of selected serum enzymes in patients with a radiologically confirmed pulmonary thrombotic event based on the pulmonary tissue involvement assessed in a computed tomography (CT) scan. Material and methods The retrospective study covered a group of 226 COVID-19 patients. Groups were divided based on the degree of lung tissue involvement in CT examinations, including patients with confirmed pulmonary embolism. The analyzed group consisted of 136 men and 90 women with mean age of 70 years. Results The group consisted of patients with < 50% of lung volume changes who had higher parameter values in each analyzed parameter, except red blood cells (RBC) (p < 0.05). Especially, the level of ferritin was much higher in the first group (p = 0.000008). Elevated ferritin levels were observed in all patients with lung tissue involvement. Discussion This line of research is critical in order to assess the predisposing conditions for pulmonary embolism occurrence in COVID-19, which can be used as a predictive factor for course of the disease. The conducted research will resolve whether there is a relationship between the selected laboratory parameters and the occurrence of pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19. Conclusions The study demonstrated that elevated levels of several inflammatory and thrombotic parameters such as ferritin, D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP) as well as hemoglobin do not correlate with the degree of lung tissue involvement in the computed tomography image.
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Jolobe OMP. ST segment elevation in COVID-19-related pulmonary embolism. Am J Emerg Med 2020; 45:662-663. [PMID: 33176950 PMCID: PMC7645278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M P Jolobe
- Medical Division, Manchester Medical Society, Simon Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
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Venkata C, Aruchamy S, Kasal J. Acute Right Ventricular Dysfunction in a Critically Ill Patient with COVID-19. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:474-476. [PMID: 33015429 PMCID: PMC7521904 DOI: 10.1016/j.case.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chakradhar Venkata
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mercy Hospital, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Saint Louis University of School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Senthil Aruchamy
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mercy Hospital, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Saint Louis University of School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Jan Kasal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
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Sakr Y, Giovini M, Leone M, Pizzilli G, Kortgen A, Bauer M, Tonetti T, Duclos G, Zieleskiewicz L, Buschbeck S, Ranieri VM, Antonucci E. Pulmonary embolism in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia: a narrative review. Ann Intensive Care 2020; 10:124. [PMID: 32953201 PMCID: PMC7492788 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-020-00741-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preliminary reports have described significant procoagulant events in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), including life-threatening pulmonary embolism (PE). MAIN TEXT We review the current data on the epidemiology, the possible underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms, and the therapeutic implications of PE in relation to COVID-19. The incidence of PE is reported to be around 2.6-8.9% of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients and up to one-third of those requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission, despite standard prophylactic anticoagulation. This may be explained by direct and indirect pathologic consequences of COVID-19, complement activation, cytokine release, endothelial dysfunction, and interactions between different types of blood cells. CONCLUSION Thromboprophylaxis should be started in all patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the hospital. The use of an intermediate therapeutic dose of low molecular weight (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin can be considered on an individual basis in patients with multiple risk factors for venous thromboembolism, including critically ill patients admitted to the ICU. Decisions about extending prophylaxis with LMWH after hospital discharge should be made after balancing the reduced risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) with the risk of increased bleeding events and should be continued for 7-14 days after hospital discharge or in the pre-hospital phase in case of pre-existing or persisting VTE risk factors. Therapeutic anticoagulation is the cornerstone in the management of patients with PE. Selection of an appropriate agent and correct dosing requires consideration of underlying comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Sakr
- Dept. of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Manuela Giovini
- Intermediate Care Unit, Emergency Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marc Leone
- Service d’Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Aix Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux Universitaires de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Giacinto Pizzilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andreas Kortgen
- Dept. of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Dept. of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tommaso Tonetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gary Duclos
- Service d’Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Aix Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux Universitaires de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Zieleskiewicz
- Service d’Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Aix Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux Universitaires de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Samuel Buschbeck
- Dept. of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - V. Marco Ranieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elio Antonucci
- Intermediate Care Unit, Emergency Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy
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