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Ang EWJ, Djordjevic I, Solic I, Goh CY, Steele TWJ. Tougher Bioadhesives through Dual Stimulation Strategies. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303666. [PMID: 38431774 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Carbene-based bioadhesives have favourable attributes for tissue adhesion, including non-specific bonding to wet and dry tissues, but suffer from relatively weak fracture strength after photocuring. Light irradiation of carbene-precursor (diazirine) also creates inert side products that are absent under thermal activation. Herein, a dual activation method combines light irradiation at elevated temperatures for the evaluation of diazirine depletion and effects on cohesive properties. A customized photo/thermal-rheometer evaluates viscoelastic properties, correlated to the kinetics of carbene:diazoalkane ratios via 19F NMR). The latter exploits the sensitive -CF3 functional group to determine joule-based light/temperature kinetics on trifluoroaryl diazirine consumption. The combination of heat and photoactivation produced bioadhesives that are 3× tougher compared to control. Dual thermal/light irradiation may be a strategy to improve viscoelastic dissipation and toughness of photo-activated adhesive resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwin W J Ang
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ivan Djordjevic
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ivan Solic
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chen Yee Goh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Terry W J Steele
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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2
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Hassan SZ, Kwon J, Lee J, Sim HR, An S, Lee S, Chung DS. Photophore-Anchored Molecular Switch for High-Performance Nonvolatile Organic Memory Transistor. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401482. [PMID: 38554398 PMCID: PMC11186055 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, molecular-switch-embedded memory devices, particularly field-effect transistors (FETs), have gained significant interest. Molecular switches are integrated to regulate the resistance or current levels in FETs. Despite substantial efforts, realizing large memory window with a long retention time, a critical factor in memory device functionality, remains a challenge. This is due to the inability of an isomeric state of a molecular switch to serve as a stable deep trap state within the semiconductor layer. Herein, the study addresses this limitation by introducing chemical bonding between molecular switch and conjugated polymeric semiconductor, facilitating closed isomer of diarylethene (DAE) to operate as a morphologically stable deep trap state. Azide- and diazirine-anchored DAEs are synthesized, which form chemical bonds to the polymer through photocrosslinking, thereby implementing permanent and controllable trapping states nearby conjugated backbone of polymer semiconductor. Consequently, when diazirine-anchored DAE is blended with F8T2 and subjected to photocrosslinking, the resulting organic FETs exhibit remarkable memory performance, including a memory window of 22 V with a retention time over 106 s, a high photoprogrammable on/off ratio over 103, and a high operational stability over 100 photocycles. Further, photophore-anchored DAEs can achieve precise patterning, which enables meticulous control over the semiconductor layer structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Zahid Hassan
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kwon
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyeok Lee
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Sim
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyeok An
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjun Lee
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Chung
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
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Liu D, Weng K, Zhao H, Wang S, Qiu H, Luo X, Lu S, Duan L, Bai S, Zhang H, Li J. Nondestructive Direct Optical Patterning of Perovskite Nanocrystals with Carbene-Based Ligand Cross-Linkers. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6896-6907. [PMID: 38376996 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Microscale patterning of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) is essential for their integration in advanced device platforms, such as high-definition displays. However, perovskite NCs usually show degraded optical and/or electrical properties after patterning with existing approaches, posing a critical challenge for their optoelectronic applications. Here we achieve nondestructive, direct optical patterning of perovskite NCs with rationally designed carbene-based cross-linkers and demonstrate their applications in high-performance light-emitting diodes. We reveal that both the photochemical properties and the electronic structures of cross-linkers need to be carefully tailored to the material properties of perovskite NCs. This method produces high-resolution (∼4000 ppi) NC patterns with preserved photoluminescent quantum efficiencies and charge transport properties. Prototype light-emitting diodes with patterned/cross-linked NC layers show a maximum luminance of over 60000 cd m-2 and a peak external quantum efficiency of 16%, among the highest for patterned perovskite electroluminescent devices. Such a material-adapted patterning method enabled by designs from a photochemistry perspective could foster the applications of perovskite NCs in system-level electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangkang Weng
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengwei Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyu Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Bai
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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Li J, Bi L, Musolino SF, Wulff JE, Sask KN. Functionalization of Polydimethylsiloxane with Diazirine-Based Linkers for Covalent Protein Immobilization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1-16. [PMID: 38149968 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecule attachment to solid supports is critical for biomedical devices, such as biosensors and implants. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is commonly used for these applications due to its advantageous properties. To enhance the biomolecule immobilization on PDMS, a novel technique is demonstrated using newly synthesized diazirine molecules for the surface modification of PDMS. This nondestructive process involves a reaction between diazirine molecules and PDMS through C-H insertion with thermal or ultraviolet activation. The success of the PDMS modification is confirmed by various surface characterization techniques. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) are strongly attached to the modified PDMS surfaces, and the amount of protein is quantified using iodine-125 radiolabeling. The results demonstrate that PDMS is rapidly functionalized, and the stability of the immobilized proteins is significantly improved with multiple types of diazirine molecules and activation methods. Confocal microscopy provides three-dimensional images of the distribution of immobilized IgG on the surfaces and the penetration of diazirine-based linkers through the PDMS substrate during the coating process. Overall, this study presents a promising new approach for functionalizing PDMS surfaces to enhance biomolecule immobilization, and its potential applications can extend to multimaterial modifications for various diagnostic and medical applications such as microfluidic devices and immunoassays with relevant bioactive proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L2, Canada
| | - Liting Bi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Stefania F Musolino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Jeremy E Wulff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Kyla N Sask
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L2, Canada
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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Hybrid polymer networks of carbene and thiol ene. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wicaksono G, Toni F, Wei Feng Tok L, Jun Ting Thng J, Šolić I, Singh M, Djordjevic I, Baino F, Steele TWJ. Fixation of Transparent Bone Pins with Photocuring Biocomposites. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4463-4473. [PMID: 34387486 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bone fractures are in need of rapid fixation methods, but the current strategies are limited to metal pins and screws, which necessitate secondary surgeries upon removal. New techniques are sought to avoid surgical revisions, while maintaining or improving the fixation speed. Herein, a method of bone fixation is proposed with transparent biopolymers anchored in place via light-activated biocomposites based on expanding CaproGlu bioadhesives. The transparent biopolymers serve as a UV light guide for the activation of CaproGlu biocomposites, which results in evolution of molecular nitrogen (from diazirine photolysis), simultaneously expanding the covalently cross-linked matrix. Osseointegration additives of hydroxyapatite or Bioglass 45S5 yield a biocomposite matrix with increased stiffness and pullout strength. The structure-property relationships of UV joules dose, pin diameter, and biocomposite additives are assessed with respect to the apparent viscosity, shear modulus, spatiotemporal pin curing, and lap-shear adhesion. Finally, a model system is proposed based on ex vivo investigation with bone tissue for the exploration and optimization of UV-active transparent biopolymer fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautama Wicaksono
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798 Singapore
| | - Felicia Toni
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798 Singapore
| | - Leonard Wei Feng Tok
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798 Singapore
| | - Jeanette Jun Ting Thng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798 Singapore
| | - Ivan Šolić
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798 Singapore
| | - Manisha Singh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798 Singapore
| | - Ivan Djordjevic
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798 Singapore
| | - Francesco Baino
- Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Terry W J Steele
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798 Singapore
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Djordjevic I, Wicaksono G, Šolić I, Singh J, Kaku TS, Lim S, Ang EWJ, Blancafort L, Steele TWJ. Rapid Activation of Diazirine Biomaterials with the Blue Light Photocatalyst. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:36839-36848. [PMID: 34342218 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbene-based macromolecules are an emerging new stimuli-sensitive class of biomaterials that avoid the impediments of free radical polymerization but maintain a rapid liquid-to-biorubber transition. Activation of diazirine-grafted polycaprolactone polyol (CaproGlu) is limited to UVA wavelengths that have tissue exposure constraints and limited light intensities. For the first time, UVA is circumvented with visible light-emitting diodes at 445 nm (blue) to rapidly activate diazirine-to-carbene covalent cross-linking. Iridium photocatalysts serve to initiate diazirine, despite having little to no absorption at 445 nm. CaproGlu's liquid organic matrix dissolves the photocatalyst with no solvents required, creating a light transparent matrix. Considerable differences in cross-linking chemistry are observed in UVA vs visible/photocatalyst formulations. Empirical analysis and theoretical calculations reveal a more efficient conversion of diazirine directly to carbene with no diazoalkane intermediate detected. Photorheometry results demonstrate a correlation between shear moduli, joules light dose, and the lower limits of photocatalyst concentration required for the liquid-to-biorubber transition. Adhesion strength on ex vivo hydrated tissues exceeds that of cyanoacrylates, with a fixation strength of up to 20 kg·f·cm2. Preliminary toxicity assessment on leachates and materials directly in contact with mammalian fibroblast cells displays no signs of fibroblast cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Djordjevic
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Gautama Wicaksono
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Ivan Šolić
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Juhi Singh
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N1.3, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457
- NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Nanyang Technological University, 61 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637335
| | - Tanvi Sushil Kaku
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N1.3, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457
| | - Sierin Lim
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N1.3, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457
| | - Elwin Wei Jian Ang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Lluís Blancafort
- Departament de Química and Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi. Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, C/M.A. Capmany 69, Girona 17003, Spain
| | - Terry W J Steele
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
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Ambrosi A, Singh M, Webster RD, Steele TWJ. Precise Control of Diazirine Reduction to Tune the Mechanical Properties of Electrocuring Adhesives. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Ambrosi
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Manisha Singh
- NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine (NNIN) Interdisciplinary Graduate School (IGS) Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637553 Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Richard D. Webster
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Terry W. J. Steele
- NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine (NNIN) Interdisciplinary Graduate School (IGS) Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637553 Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore
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Sunlight activated film forming adhesive polymers. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 127:112240. [PMID: 34225880 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-sensitive biomaterials that are activated by light are in need of formulations that are stable under indoor lighting yet can be activated under direct sunlight. Carbene-based bioadhesives are a new generation of film-forming polymers that are stable under indoor lighting yet are rapidly activated with low-energy UVA light, but have never been evaluated under sunlight exposure. Previous investigations have evolved two flexible carbene-based platforms, where aryl-diazirine is grafted on to polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM-NH2; generation-5) or hydrophobic liquid polycaprolactone tetrol to yield G5-Dzx and CaproGlu, respectively. For the first time the activation of G5-Dzx and CaproGlu is investigated by natural sunlight with intensities up to 10 mW·cm-2. Structure-property relationships of bioadhesion are investigated by: (1) joules dose of sunlight; (2) bioadhesive polymer structure; and (3) optical concentrators of magnifying glass and Fresnel lens. Using only natural sunlight, adhesion strength could be tuned from 20 to 150 kPa with crosslinking achieved in under 1 min. The results show that carbene-based polymers are a class of stimuli-sensitive biomaterials that are stable to indoor lighting, yet can be rapidly activated under direct sunlight, which may be useful for topical film forming polymers or as active ingredients in sunscreen formulations.
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