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Wahlstrøm KL, Balsevicius L, Hansen HF, Kvist M, Burcharth J, Skovsted G, Lykkesfeldt J, Gögenur I, Ekeloef S. Remote ischaemic preconditioning on gene expression and circulating proteins after subacute laparoscopic cholecystectomy: randomized clinical trial. BJS Open 2024; 8:zrae067. [PMID: 39076000 PMCID: PMC11287053 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrae067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical stress may lead to postsurgical hypercoagulability, endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation, which can impact on patient recovery. Remote ischaemic preconditioning is a procedure that activates the body's endogenous defences against ischaemia and reperfusion injury. Studies have suggested that remote ischaemic preconditioning has antithrombotic, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. The hypothesis was that remote ischaemic preconditioning reduces surgery-induced systemic stress response. METHOD During a 24-month period (2019-2021), adult patients undergoing subacute laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to acute cholecystitis were randomized to remote ischaemic preconditioning or control. Remote ischaemic preconditioning was performed less than 4 h before surgery on the upper arm. It consisted of four cycles of 5 min ischaemia and 5 min reperfusion. The gene expression of 750 genes involved in inflammatory processes, oxidative stress and endothelial function was investigated preoperatively and 2-4 h after surgery in both groups. In addition, changes in 20 inflammation- and vascular trauma-associated proteins were assessed preoperatively, 2-4 h after surgery and 24 h after surgery. RESULTS A total of 60 patients were randomized. There were no statistically significant differences in gene expression 2-4 h after surgery between the groups (P > 0.05). Remote ischaemic preconditioning did not affect concentrations of circulating proteins up to 24 h after surgery (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The study did not demonstrate any effect of remote ischaemic preconditioning on expression levels of the chosen genes or in circulating immunological cytokines and vascular trauma-associated proteins up to 24 h after subacute laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with acute cholecystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten L Wahlstrøm
- Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Lukas Balsevicius
- Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Hannah F Hansen
- Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Madeline Kvist
- Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Jakob Burcharth
- Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Gry Skovsted
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ismail Gögenur
- Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah Ekeloef
- Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
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Lillquist T, Mahoney SJ, Kotarsky C, McGrath R, Jarajapu Y, Scholten SD, Hackney KJ. The Effect of Direct and Remote Postexercise Ischemic Conditioning on Muscle Soreness and Strength 24 Hours After Eccentric Drop Jumps. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:1870-1876. [PMID: 37015005 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Lillquist, T, Mahoney, SJ, Kotarsky, C, McGrath, R, Jarajapu, Y, Scholten, SD, and Hackney, KJ. The effect of direct and remote postexercise ischemic conditioning on muscle soreness and strength 24 hours after eccentric drop jumps. J Strength Cond Res 37(9): 1870-1876, 2023-Strategic limb occlusion applied after exercise may facilitate recovery, not only in directly targeted tissue but also in remote areas of the body. The purpose of this study was to determine if postexercise ischemic conditioning (PEIC) applied directly to one leg facilitated recovery in the targeted leg and the contralateral leg that did not receive direct PEIC. Twenty active men participated in a single-blind, randomized, crossover design. Subjects completed 2 paired testing sessions (PEIC and control-SHAM) that included pre-assessments and 24-hour postassessments. Each paired testing session included an eccentric drop jump task, which has been shown to increase lower-body muscle soreness and decrease strength. After each drop jump task, occlusion cuffs were immediately applied. In the PEIC session, ∼198 mm Hg was applied directly to one leg (PEIC-Direct), whereas the contralateral leg received a nonphysiological stimuli of 20 mm Hg (PEIC-Remote). In the control-SHAM session, both legs directly and remotely received the 20 mm Hg pressure. Unilateral pre-assessments and 24-hour postassessments included muscle soreness using a visual analog scale and strength via peak torque assessment across the force-velocity spectrum (flexion/extension 60/60, 120/120, 180/180, 240/240, 300/300 °·s -1 ), and a maximal eccentric extension (30/30 °·s -1 ). Muscle soreness was significantly increased ( p < 0.05) at 24 hours compared with pretreatment except for PEIC-Direct (1.19 ± 0.78 vs. 2.32 ± 1.48, p = 0.096). Across the force-velocity spectrum, there were no significant differences observed between any associated pretest and posttest ( p > 0.05). PEIC applied directly to target leg after eccentric drop jumps attenuated perceived quadriceps muscle soreness 24 hours post; however, there was no effect on muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lillquist
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Sean J Mahoney
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Christopher Kotarsky
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Ryan McGrath
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Yagna Jarajapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota; and
| | - Shane D Scholten
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Kyle J Hackney
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
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Zhao ZZ, Li E, Li XJ, Guo Q, Shi QB, Li MW. Effects of remote ischemic preconditioning on coronary blood flow and microcirculation. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:404. [PMID: 37592218 PMCID: PMC10433538 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03419-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of short-term remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) on coronary blood flow and microcirculation function using the quantitative flow ratio (QFR) and index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR). We randomly divided 129 patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) into RIPC and control groups. Following the first CAG, we randomly divided the patients further into the unilateral upper limb and lower limb groups for four cycles of ischemia/reperfusion circulation; subsequently, we performed the second CAG. During each CAG, contrast-flow QFR (cQFR), fixed-flow QFR (fQFR), and IMR (in patients with cardiac syndrome X) were calculated and compared. We measured 253 coronary arteries in 129 patients. Compared to the control group, the average cQFR of the RIPC group increased significantly after RIPC. Additionally, 23 patients with cardiac syndrome X (IMR > 30) were included in this study. Compared to the control group, IMR and the difference between cQFR and fQFR (cQFR-fQFR) both decreased significantly after receiving RIPC. The application of RIPC can increase coronary blood flow and improve coronary microcirculation function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhou Zhao
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - En Li
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Xue-Jie Li
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Quan Guo
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Qing-Bo Shi
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Mu-Wei Li
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China.
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Leung CH, Rizoli SB, Trypcic S, Rhind SG, Battista AP, Ailenberg M, Rotstein OD. Effect of remote ischemic conditioning on the immune-inflammatory profile in patients with traumatic hemorrhagic shock in a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7025. [PMID: 37120600 PMCID: PMC10148877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Resuscitation induced ischemia/reperfusion predisposes trauma patients to systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction. We investigated the effect of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), a treatment shown to prevent ischemia/reperfusion injury in experimental models of hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation, on the systemic immune-inflammatory profile in trauma patients in a randomized trial. We conducted a prospective, single-centre, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial involving trauma patients sustaining blunt or penetrating trauma in hemorrhagic shock admitted to a Level 1 trauma centre. Patients were randomized to receive RIC (four cycles of 5-min pressure cuff inflation at 250 mmHg and deflation on the thigh) or a Sham intervention. The primary outcomes were neutrophil oxidative burst activity, cellular adhesion molecule expression, and plasma levels of myeloperoxidase, cytokines and chemokines in peripheral blood samples, drawn at admission (pre-intervention), 1 h, 3 h, and 24 h post-admission. Secondary outcomes included ventilator, ICU and hospital free days, incidence of nosocomial infections, 24 h and 28 day mortality. 50 eligible patients were randomized; of which 21 in the Sham group and 18 in the RIC group were included in the full analysis. No treatment effect was observed between Sham and RIC groups for neutrophil oxidative burst activity, adhesion molecule expression, and plasma levels of myeloperoxidase and cytokines. RIC prevented significant increases in Th2 chemokines TARC/CCL17 (P < 0.01) and MDC/CCL22 (P < 0.05) at 24 h post-intervention in comparison to the Sham group. Secondary clinical outcomes were not different between groups. No adverse events in relation to the RIC intervention were observed. Administration of RIC was safe and did not adversely affect clinical outcomes. While trauma itself modified several immunoregulatory markers, RIC failed to alter expression of the majority of markers. However, RIC may influence Th2 chemokine expression in the post resuscitation period. Further investigation into the immunomodulatory effects of RIC in traumatic injuries and their impact on clinical outcomes is warranted.ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT02071290.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Leung
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and the Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute 3-305, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - S B Rizoli
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and the Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute 3-305, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Trypcic
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and the Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute 3-305, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - S G Rhind
- The Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - A P Battista
- The Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - M Ailenberg
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and the Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute 3-305, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.
| | - O D Rotstein
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and the Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute 3-305, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Remote ischemic preconditioning can extend the tolerance to extended drug-coated balloon inflation time by reducing myocardial damage during percutaneous coronary intervention. Int J Cardiol 2022; 353:3-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mollet I, Marto JP, Mendonça M, Baptista MV, Vieira HLA. Remote but not Distant: a Review on Experimental Models and Clinical Trials in Remote Ischemic Conditioning as Potential Therapy in Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:294-325. [PMID: 34686988 PMCID: PMC8533672 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the main causes of neurological disability worldwide and the second cause of death in people over 65 years old, resulting in great economic and social burden. Ischemic stroke accounts for 85% of total cases, and the approved therapies are based on re-establishment of blood flow, and do not directly target brain parenchyma. Thus, novel therapies are urgently needed. In this review, limb remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is revised and discussed as a potential therapy against ischemic stroke. The review targets both (i) fundamental research based on experimental models and (ii) clinical research based on clinical trials and human interventional studies with healthy volunteers. Moreover, it also presents two approaches concerning RIC mechanisms in stroke: (i) description of the underlying cerebral cellular and molecular mechanisms triggered by limb RIC that promote neuroprotection against stroke induced damage and (ii) the identification of signaling factors involved in inter-organ communication following RIC procedure. Limb to brain remote signaling can occur via circulating biochemical factors, immune cells, and/or stimulation of autonomic nervous system. In this review, these three hypotheses are explored in both humans and experimental models. Finally, the challenges involved in translating experimentally generated scientific knowledge to a clinical setting are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Mollet
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-526, Caparica, Portugal.,CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Marto
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Neurology, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marcelo Mendonça
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Viana Baptista
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Neurology, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena L A Vieira
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-526, Caparica, Portugal. .,CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. .,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
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Xu R, He Q, Wang Y, Yang Y, Guo ZN. Therapeutic Potential of Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Vascular Cognitive Impairment. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:706759. [PMID: 34413726 PMCID: PMC8370253 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.706759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a heterogeneous disease caused by a variety of cerebrovascular diseases. Patients with VCI often present with slower cognitive processing speed and poor executive function, which affects their independence in daily life, thus increasing social burden. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a non-invasive and efficient intervention that triggers endogenous protective mechanisms to generate neuroprotection. Over the past decades, evidence from basic and clinical research has shown that RIC is promising for the treatment of VCI. To further our understanding of RIC and improve the management of VCI, we summarize the evidence on the therapeutic potential of RIC in relation to the risk factors and pathobiologies of VCI, including reducing the risk of recurrent stroke, decreasing high blood pressure, improving cerebral blood flow, restoring white matter integrity, protecting the neurovascular unit, attenuating oxidative stress, and inhibiting the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Qianyan He
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
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Myocardial remote ischemic preconditioning: from cell biology to clinical application. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3857-3867. [PMID: 34125317 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC) is a cardioprotective phenomenon where brief periods of ischemia followed by reperfusion of one organ/tissue can confer subsequent protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in other organs, such as the heart. It involves activation of humoral, neural or systemic communication pathways inducing different intracellular signals in the heart. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the possible mechanisms involved in the rIPC cardioprotection, and to describe recent clinical trials to establish the efficacy of these strategies in cardioprotection from lethal ischemia/reperfusion injury. In this sense, certain factors weaken the subcellular mechanisms of rIPC in patients, such as age, comorbidities, medication, and anesthetic protocol, which could explain the heterogeneity of results in some clinical trials. For these reasons, further studies, carefully designed, are necessary to develop a clearer understanding of the pathways and mechanism of early and late rIPC. An understanding of the pathways is important for translation to patients.
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Baig S, Moyle B, Nair KPS, Redgrave J, Majid A, Ali A. Remote ischaemic conditioning for stroke: unanswered questions and future directions. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2021; 6:298-309. [PMID: 33903181 PMCID: PMC8258051 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2020-000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) refers to a process whereby periods of intermittent ischaemia, typically via the cyclical application of a blood pressure cuff to a limb at above systolic pressure, confers systemic protection against ischaemia in spatially distinct vascular territories. The mechanisms underlying this have not been characterised fully but have been shown to involve neural, hormonal and systemic inflammatory signalling cascades. Preclinical and early clinical studies have been promising and suggest beneficial effects of RIC in acute ischaemic stroke, symptomatic intracranial stenosis and vascular cognitive impairment. Through systematic searches of several clinical trials databases we identified 48 active clinical trials of RIC in ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage and subarachnoid haemorrhage. We summarise the different RIC protocols and outcome measures studied in ongoing clinical trials and highlight which studies are most likely to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms of RIC and characterise its efficacy in the near future. We discuss the uncertainties of RIC including the optimal frequency and duration of therapy, target patient groups, cost-effectiveness, the confounding impact of medications and the absence of a clinically meaningful biomarker of the conditioning response. With several large clinical trials of RIC expected to report their outcomes within the next 2 years, this review aims to highlight the most important studies and unanswered questions that will need to be addressed before this potentially widely accessible and low-cost intervention can be used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheharyar Baig
- Cerebrovascular Medicine, The University of Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Sheffield, UK
| | - Bethany Moyle
- Cerebrovascular Medicine, The University of Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Jessica Redgrave
- Cerebrovascular Medicine, The University of Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Sheffield, UK
| | - Arshad Majid
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ali Ali
- Geriatrics and Stroke Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK .,Sheffield NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Ikonomidis I, Vlastos D, Andreadou I, Gazouli M, Efentakis P, Varoudi M, Makavos G, Kapelouzou A, Lekakis J, Parissis J, Katsanos S, Tsilivarakis D, Hausenloy DJ, Alexopoulos D, Cokkinos DV, Bøtker HE, Iliodromitis EK. Vascular conditioning prevents adverse left ventricular remodelling after acute myocardial infarction: a randomised remote conditioning study. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:9. [PMID: 33547969 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00851-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) alleviates ischemia-reperfusion injury via several pathways, including micro-RNAs (miRs) expression and oxidative stress modulation. We investigated the effects of RIC on endothelial glycocalyx, arterial stiffness, LV remodelling, and the underlying mediators within the vasculature as a target for protection. METHODS AND RESULTS We block-randomised 270 patients within 48 h of STEMI post-PCI to either one or two cycles of bilateral brachial cuff inflation, and a control group without RIC. We measured: (a) the perfusion boundary region (PBR) of the sublingual arterial microvessels to assess glycocalyx integrity; (b) the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV); (c) miR-144,-150,-21,-208, nitrate-nitrite (NOx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) plasma levels at baseline (T0) and 40 min after RIC onset (T3); and (d) LV volumes at baseline and after one year. Compared to baseline, there was a greater PBR and PWV decrease, miR-144 and NOx levels increase (p < 0.05) at T3 following single- than double-cycle inflation (PBR:ΔT0-T3 = 0.249 ± 0.033 vs 0.126 ± 0.034 μm, p = 0.03 and PWV:0.4 ± 0.21 vs -1.02 ± 0.24 m/s, p = 0.03). Increased miR-150,-21,-208 (p < 0.05) and reduced MDA was observed after both protocols. Increased miR-144 was related to PWV reduction (r = 0.763, p < 0.001) after the first-cycle inflation in both protocols. After one year, single-cycle RIC was associated with LV end-systolic volume reduction (LVESV) > 15% (odds-ratio of 3.75, p = 0.029). MiR-144 and PWV changes post-RIC were interrelated and associated with LVESV reduction at follow-up (r = 0.40 and 0.37, p < 0.05), in the single-cycle RIC. CONCLUSION RIC evokes "vascular conditioning" likely by upregulation of cardio-protective microRNAs, NOx production, and oxidative stress reduction, facilitating reverse LV remodelling. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT03984123.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignatios Ikonomidis
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Vlastos
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Efentakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Varoudi
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - George Makavos
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | | | - John Lekakis
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - John Parissis
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Spiridon Katsanos
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Damianos Tsilivarakis
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- National Heart Centre, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK.,The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Research and Development, London, UK.,Centro de Biotecnologia-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Dimitrios Alexopoulos
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Hans-Eric Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Efstathios K Iliodromitis
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece
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Effect of COMBinAtion therapy with remote ischemic conditioning and exenatide on the Myocardial Infarct size: a two-by-two factorial randomized trial (COMBAT-MI). Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:4. [PMID: 33495853 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00842-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) and the GLP-1 analog exenatide activate different cardioprotective pathways and may have additive effects on infarct size (IS). Here, we aimed to assess the efficacy of RIC as compared with sham procedure, and of exenatide, as compared with placebo, and the interaction between both, to reduce IS in humans. We designed a two-by-two factorial, randomized controlled, blinded, multicenter, clinical trial. Patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) within 6 h of symptoms were randomized to RIC or sham procedure and exenatide or matching placebo. The primary outcome was IS measured by late gadolinium enhancement in cardiac magnetic resonance performed 3-7 days after PPCI. The secondary outcomes were myocardial salvage index, transmurality index, left ventricular ejection fraction and relative microvascular obstruction volume. A total of 378 patients were randomly allocated, and after applying exclusion criteria, 222 patients were available for analysis. There were no significant interactions between the two randomization factors on the primary or secondary outcomes. IS was similar between groups for the RIC (24 ± 11.8% in the RIC group vs 23.7 ± 10.9% in the sham group, P = 0.827) and the exenatide hypotheses (25.1 ± 11.5% in the exenatide group vs 22.5 ± 10.9% in the placebo group, P = 0.092). There were no effects with either RIC or exenatide on the secondary outcomes. Unexpected adverse events or side effects of RIC and exenatide were not observed. In conclusion, neither RIC nor exenatide, or its combination, were able to reduce IS in STEMI patients when administered as an adjunct to PPCI.
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Abstract
Sudden cardiac arrest is a leading cause of death worldwide. Although the methods of cardiopulmonary resuscitation have been improved, mortality is still unacceptably high, and many survivors suffer from lasting neurological deficits due to the post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). Pathophysiologically, generalized vascular endothelial dysfunction accompanied by platelet activation and systemic inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PCAS. Because endothelial-derived nitric oxide (NO) plays a central role in maintaining vascular homeostasis, the role of NO-dependent signaling has been a focus of the intense investigation. Recent preclinical studies showed that therapeutic interventions that increase vascular NO bioavailability may improve outcomes after cardiac arrest complicated with PCAS. In particular, NO inhalation therapy has been shown to improve neurological outcomes and survival in multiple species. Clinical studies examining the safety and efficacy of inhaled NO in patients sustaining PCAS are warranted.
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13
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Torregroza C, Raupach A, Feige K, Weber NC, Hollmann MW, Huhn R. Perioperative Cardioprotection: General Mechanisms and Pharmacological Approaches. Anesth Analg 2020; 131:1765-1780. [PMID: 33186163 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardioprotection encompasses a variety of strategies protecting the heart against myocardial injury that occurs during and after inadequate blood supply to the heart during myocardial infarction. While restoring reperfusion is crucial for salvaging myocardium from further damage, paradoxically, it itself accounts for additional cell death-a phenomenon named ischemia/reperfusion injury. Therefore, therapeutic strategies are necessary to render the heart protected against myocardial infarction. Ischemic pre- and postconditioning, by short periods of sublethal cardiac ischemia and reperfusion, are still the strongest mechanisms to achieve cardioprotection. However, it is highly impractical and far too invasive for clinical use. Fortunately, it can be mimicked pharmacologically, for example, by volatile anesthetics, noble gases, opioids, propofol, dexmedetomidine, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors. These substances are all routinely used in the clinical setting and seem promising candidates for successful translation of cardioprotection from experimental protocols to clinical trials. This review presents the fundamental mechanisms of conditioning strategies and provides an overview of the most recent and relevant findings on different concepts achieving cardioprotection in the experimental setting, specifically emphasizing pharmacological approaches in the perioperative context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Torregroza
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annika Raupach
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Feige
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Nina C Weber
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Markus W Hollmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ragnar Huhn
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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14
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Hyngstrom AS, Nguyen JN, Wright MT, Tarima SS, Schmit BD, Gutterman DD, Durand MJ. Two weeks of remote ischemic conditioning improves brachial artery flow mediated dilation in chronic stroke survivors. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:1348-1354. [PMID: 33090908 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00398.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Many stroke survivors have reduced cardiorespiratory fitness as a result of their stroke. Ischemic conditioning (IC) is a noninvasive, cost-effective, easy-to-administer intervention that can be performed at home and has been shown to improve both motor function in stroke survivors and vascular endothelial function in healthy individuals. In this study, we examined the effects of 2 wk of remote IC (RIC) on brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD) in chronic stroke survivors. We hypothesized that FMD would be improved following RIC compared with a sham RIC control group. This was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled study. Twenty-four chronic stroke survivors (>6 mo after stroke) were enrolled and randomized to receive either RIC or sham RIC on their affected thigh every other day for 2 wk. For the RIC group, a blood pressure cuff was inflated to 225 mmHg for 5 min, followed by 5 min of recovery, and repeated a total of five times per session. For the sham RIC group, the inflation pressure was 10 mmHg. Brachial artery FMD was assessed on the nonaffected arm at study enrollment and following the 2-wk intervention period. Nine men and fourteen women completed all study procedures. Brachial artery FMD increased from 5.4 ± 4.8 to 7.8 ± 4.4% (P = 0.030; n = 12) in the RIC group, while no significant change was observed in the sham RIC group (3.5 ± 3.9% pretreatment versus 2.4 ± 3.1% posttreatment; P = 0.281, n = 11). Two weeks of RIC increases brachial artery FMD in chronic stroke survivors.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we report that 2 wk of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) improves brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in chronic stroke survivors. Because poor cardiovascular health puts stroke survivors at a heightened risk for recurrent stroke and other cardiovascular events, an intervention that is simple, cost-effective, and easy to perform like RIC holds promise as a means to improve cardiovascular health in this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer N Nguyen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Michael T Wright
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sergey S Tarima
- Institute of Health and Equity, Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Brian D Schmit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - David D Gutterman
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Matthew J Durand
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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15
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Pereira HM, de Lima FF, Silva BM, Kohn AF. Sex differences in fatigability after ischemic preconditioning of non-exercising limbs. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:59. [PMID: 33109241 PMCID: PMC7590792 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is suggested to decrease fatigability in some individuals but not others. Sex differences in response to IPC may account for this variability and few studies systematically investigated the effects of IPC in men and women. The goal of this study was to determine if time to task failure, perception of pain, and neuromuscular mechanisms of fatigability were altered by IPC in men and women. Methods Ten women (29 ± 5 years old) and 10 men (28 ± 6 years old) performed isometric contractions with the plantar flexor muscles of the dominant leg at 20% of maximal voluntary contraction until task failure. We used a repeated measures design where each individual performed 3 randomized and counterbalanced test sessions: (A) IPC session, cuff inflation and deflation (5 min each repeated 3 times) performed before the exercise by inflating cuffs to the non-dominant leg and arm; (B) sham session, cuffs were inflated for a short period (1 min); and (C) control session, no cuffs were involved. Results Compared with control, IPC increased time to task failure in men (mean difference, 5 min; confidence interval (CI) of mean difference, 2.2; 7.8 min; P = 0.01) but not women (mean difference, − 0.6 min; CI of mean difference, − 3.5; 2.4 min; P = 0.51). In men, but not women, the IPC-induced increase in time to task failure was associated with lower response to pressure pain (r = − 0.79). IPC further exposed sex differences in arterial pressure during fatiguing contractions (session × sex: P < 0.05). Voluntary activation, estimated with the twitch interpolation technique, and presynaptic inhibition of leg Ia afferents were not altered after IPC for men and women. The tested variables were not altered with sham. Conclusions The ergogenic effect of IPC on time to task failure was observed only in men and it was associated with reductions in the perception of pain. This pilot data suggest the previously reported inter-individual variability in exercise-induced fatigability after IPC could be a consequence of the sex and individual response to pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo M Pereira
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, 1401 Asp Ave, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
| | - Felipe F de Lima
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory/EPUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno M Silva
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - André F Kohn
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory/EPUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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16
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Lieder HR, Irmert A, Kamler M, Heusch G, Kleinbongard P. Sex is no determinant of cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning in rats, but ischemic/reperfused tissue mass is for remote ischemic preconditioning. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14146. [PMID: 31210033 PMCID: PMC6579942 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the impact of sex on the magnitude of cardioprotection by local and remote ischemic preconditioning (IPC and RIPC) and of ischemic/reperfused peripheral tissue mass on protection by RIPC. Hearts of female and male Lewis rats were excised, perfused with buffer, and underwent either IPC by 3 × 5/5 min global zero‐flow ischemia/reperfusion (GI/R) or time‐matched perfusion (TP) before 30/120 min GI/R. In a second approach, anesthetized female and male Lewis rats underwent RIPC, 3 × 5/5 min ischemia/reperfusion of one or both hindlimbs (1‐RIPC or 2‐RIPC), or placebo. Thirty minutes after the RIPC/placebo protocol, hearts were excised and subjected to GI/R. In female and male hearts, infarct size was less with IPC than with TP before GI/R (IPC+GI/Rfemale: 12 ± 5%; IPC+GI/Rmale: 12 ± 7% vs. TP+GI/Rfemale: 33 ± 5%; TP+GI/Rmale: 37 ± 7%, P < 0.001). With 2‐RIPC, infarct size was less than with 1‐RIPC in female and male rat hearts, respectively (2‐RIPC+GI/Rfemale: 15 ± 5% vs. 1‐RIPC+GI/Rfemale: 22 ± 7%, P = 0.026 and 2‐RIPC+GI/Rmale: 16 ± 5% vs. 1‐RIPC+GI/Rmale: 22 ± 8%, P = 0.016). Infarct size after the placebo protocol and GI/R was not different between female and male hearts (36 ± 8% vs. 34 ± 5%). Sex is no determinant of IPC‐ and RIPC‐induced cardioprotection in isolated Lewis rat hearts. RIPC‐induced cardioprotection is greater with greater mass of ischemic/reperfused peripheral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut R Lieder
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Amelie Irmert
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Kamler
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
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17
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Verouhis D, Sörensson P, Gourine A, Henareh L, Persson J, Saleh N, Settergren M, Sundqvist M, Tengbom J, Tornvall P, Witt N, Böhm F, Pernow J. Long‐term effect of remote ischemic conditioning on infarct size and clinical outcomes in patients with anterior ST‐elevation myocardial infarction. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2020; 97:386-392. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.28760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinos Verouhis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Heart and Vascular Theme Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Peder Sörensson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Heart and Vascular Theme Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Andrey Gourine
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Loghman Henareh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Heart and Vascular Theme Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jonas Persson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet Danderyd University Hospital
| | - Nawzad Saleh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Heart and Vascular Theme Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Magnus Settergren
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Heart and Vascular Theme Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Martin Sundqvist
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet Södersjukhuset Stockholm Sweden
| | - John Tengbom
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Per Tornvall
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet Södersjukhuset Stockholm Sweden
| | - Nils Witt
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet Södersjukhuset Stockholm Sweden
| | - Felix Böhm
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Heart and Vascular Theme Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - John Pernow
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Heart and Vascular Theme Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
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18
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McDowell RE, Aulak KS, Almoushref A, Melillo CA, Brauer BE, Newman JE, Tonelli AR, Dweik RA. Platelet glycolytic metabolism correlates with hemodynamic severity in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L562-L569. [PMID: 32022593 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00389.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH), i.e., pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), is associated with a metabolic shift favoring glycolysis in cells comprising the lung vasculature as well as skeletal muscle and right heart. We sought to determine whether this metabolic switch is also detectable in circulating platelets from PAH patients. We used Seahorse Extracellular Flux to measure bioenergetics in platelets isolated from group 1 PH (PAH), group 2 PH, patients with dyspnea and normal pulmonary artery pressures, and healthy controls. We show that platelets from group 1 PH patients exhibit enhanced basal glycolysis and lower glycolytic reserve compared with platelets from healthy controls but do not differ from platelets of group 2 PH or dyspnea patients without PH. Although we were unable to identify a glycolytic phenotype unique to platelets from PAH patients, we found that platelet glycolytic metabolism correlated with hemodynamic severity only in group 1 PH patients, supporting the known link between PAH pathology and altered glycolytic metabolism and extending this association to ex vivo platelets. Pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with group 1 PH were directly associated with basal platelet glycolysis and inversely associated with maximal and reserve glycolysis, suggesting that PAH progression reduces the capacity for glycolysis even while demanding an increase in glycolytic metabolism. Therefore, platelets may provide an easy-to-harvest, real-time window into the metabolic shift occurring in the lung vasculature and represent a useful surrogate for interrogating the glycolytic shift central to PAH pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E McDowell
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kulwant S Aulak
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Allaa Almoushref
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Celia A Melillo
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Brittany E Brauer
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jennie E Newman
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Adriano R Tonelli
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Raed A Dweik
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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19
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Braganza A, Annarapu GK, Shiva S. Blood-based bioenergetics: An emerging translational and clinical tool. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 71:100835. [PMID: 31864667 PMCID: PMC7031032 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.100835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies demonstrate that mitochondrial genetics and function are central to determining the susceptibility to, and prognosis of numerous diseases across all organ systems. Despite this recognition, mitochondrial function remains poorly characterized in humans primarily due to the invasiveness of obtaining viable tissue for mitochondrial studies. Recent studies have begun to test the hypothesis that circulating blood cells, which can be obtained by minimally invasive methodology, can be utilized as a biomarker of systemic bioenergetic function in human populations. Here we present the available methodologies for assessing blood cell bioenergetics and review studies that have applied these techniques to healthy and disease populations. We focus on the validation of this methodology in healthy subjects, as well as studies testing whether blood cell bioenergetics are altered in disease, correlate with clinical parameters, and compare with other methodology for assessing human mitochondrial function. Finally, we present the challenges and goals for the development of this emerging approach into a tool for translational research and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Braganza
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gowtham K Annarapu
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine (C3M), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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20
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Limb Ischemic Conditioning Induces Oxidative Stress Followed by a Correlated Increase of HIF-1α in Healthy Volunteers. Ann Vasc Surg 2019; 62:412-419. [PMID: 31449936 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local and remote ischemic preconditioning has been used as a protective intervention against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage in several preclinical and clinical studies. However, its physiological mechanisms are not completely known. I/R increases the production of reactive oxygen species, which also serve as messengers for a variety of functions. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) is probably the most important transcription factor mediator of hypoxic signaling. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that limb ischemic conditioning (LIC) induces a local oxidative/nitrosative stress and a correlated increase of HIF-1α plasma levels. METHODS An observational, prospective, and single-center study has been conducted in 27 healthy volunteers. LIC was applied: three cycles (5 min of ischemia followed by 5 min of reperfusion) using an ischemia cuff placed on the upper left arm. Time course of 8-isoprostane, nitrite, and HIF-1α levels was measured in blood plasma. Venous blood was sampled from the left arm before tourniquet inflation (basal) and after LIC: 1 min and 2 hr for 8-isoprostane and nitrite; and 1 min, 2 hr, 8 hr, 24 hr, and 48 hr for HIF-1α. RESULTS After LIC, we have found an early increase of 8-isoprostane and nitrite. HIF-1α increased at 2 and 8 hr after LIC. We found a direct correlation between HIF-1α and 8-isoprostane and nitrite plasma levels. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that LIC induces an early oxidative/nitrosative stress in the arm followed by an increase of HIF-1α plasma levels correlated with 8-isoprostane and nitrite levels, possibly as a local response.
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21
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Zherebtsova AI, Dremin VV, Makovik IN, Zherebtsov EA, Dunaev AV, Goltsov A, Sokolovski SG, Rafailov EU. Multimodal Optical Diagnostics of the Microhaemodynamics in Upper and Lower Limbs. Front Physiol 2019; 10:416. [PMID: 31057417 PMCID: PMC6477060 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of optical non-invasive diagnostic methods into clinical practice can substantially advance in the detection of early microcirculatory disorders in patients with different diseases. This paper is devoted to the development and application of the optical non-invasive diagnostic approach for the detection and evaluation of the severity of microcirculatory and metabolic disorders in rheumatic diseases and diabetes mellitus. The proposed methods include the joint use of laser Doppler flowmetry, absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with functional tests. This technique showed the high diagnostic importance for the detection of disturbances in peripheral microhaemodynamics. These methods have been successfully tested as additional diagnostic techniques in the field of rheumatology and endocrinology. The sensitivity and specificity of the proposed diagnostic procedures have been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina I. Zherebtsova
- Research and Development Center of Biomedical Photonics, Orel State University, Oryol, Russia
| | - Viktor V. Dremin
- Research and Development Center of Biomedical Photonics, Orel State University, Oryol, Russia
| | - Irina N. Makovik
- Research and Development Center of Biomedical Photonics, Orel State University, Oryol, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Zherebtsov
- Research and Development Center of Biomedical Photonics, Orel State University, Oryol, Russia
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Optoelectronics and Biomedical Photonics Group, Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey V. Dunaev
- Research and Development Center of Biomedical Photonics, Orel State University, Oryol, Russia
| | - Alexey Goltsov
- School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sergei G. Sokolovski
- Optoelectronics and Biomedical Photonics Group, Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- International Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Edik U. Rafailov
- Optoelectronics and Biomedical Photonics Group, Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- International Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
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22
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Anthonymuthu TS, Kenny EM, Lamade AM, Gidwani H, Krehel NM, Misse A, Gao X, Amoscato AA, Straub AC, Kagan VE, Dezfulian C, BayIr H. Lipidomics Detection of Brain Cardiolipins in Plasma Is Associated With Outcome After Cardiac Arrest. Crit Care Med 2019; 47:e292-e300. [PMID: 30855329 PMCID: PMC6622168 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000003636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Brain mitochondrial dysfunction limits neurologic recovery after cardiac arrest. Brain polyunsaturated cardiolipins, mitochondria-unique and functionally essential phospholipids, have unprecedented diversification. Since brain cardiolipins are not present in plasma normally, we hypothesized their appearance would correlate with brain injury severity early after cardiac arrest and return of spontaneous circulation. DESIGN Observational case-control study. SETTING Two medical centers within one city. PARTICIPANTS (SUBJECTS) We enrolled 41 adult cardiac arrest patients in whom blood could be obtained within 6 hours of resuscitation. Two subjects were excluded following outlier analysis. Ten healthy subjects were controls. Sprague-Dawley rats were used in asphyxial cardiac arrest studies. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We developed a high-resolution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method and determined cardiolipins speciation in human brain, heart, and plasma within 6 hours of (return of spontaneous circulation) from 39 patients with cardiac arrest, 5 with myocardial infarction, and 10 healthy controls. Cerebral score was derived from brain-specific cardiolipins identified in plasma of patients with varying neurologic injury and outcome. Using a rat model of cardiac arrest, cardiolipins were quantified in plasma, brain, and heart. Human brain exhibited a highly diverse cardiolipinome compared with heart that allowed the identification of brain-specific cardiolipins. Nine of 26 brain-specific cardiolipins were detected in plasma and correlated with brain injury. The cerebral score correlated with early neurologic injury and predicted discharge neurologic/functional outcome. Cardiolipin (70:5) emerged as a potential point-of-care marker predicting injury severity and outcome. In rat cardiac arrest, a significant reduction in hippocampal cardiolipins corresponded to their release from the brain into systemic circulation. Cerebral score was significantly increased in 10 minutes versus 5 minutes no-flow cardiac arrest and naïve controls. CONCLUSIONS Brain-specific cardiolipins accumulate in plasma early after return of spontaneous circulation and proportional to neurologic injury representing a promising novel biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamil S. Anthonymuthu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Kenny
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew M. Lamade
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hitesh Gidwani
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas M. Krehel
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amalea Misse
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiaotian Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew A. Amoscato
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam C. Straub
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Valerian E. Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Russian Federation
| | - Cameron Dezfulian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hülya BayIr
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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23
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Yang J, Shakil F, Cho S. Peripheral Mechanisms of Remote Ischemic Conditioning. CONDITIONING MEDICINE 2019; 2:61-68. [PMID: 32313875 PMCID: PMC7169943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic conditioning induces an endogenous protective mechanism that allows organisms to develop resistance to subsequent insults. The conditioning effect occurs across organs and species. Recently, much attention has been given to remote ischemic limb conditioning due to its non-invasive nature and potential therapeutic applications. While tolerance is induced at the primary injury site (e.g. the heart in cardiac ischemia and the brain in stroke), the site of conditioning application is away from the target organ, suggesting the protective factors are extrinsic in nature rather than intrinsic. This review will focus on the peripheral factors that account for the induction of tolerance. Topics of particular interest are blood flow changes, peripheral neural pathways, humoral factors in circulation, and the peripheral immune system. This review will also discuss how conditioning may negatively affect metabolically compromised conditions, its optimal dose, and window for therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Yang
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY 10605
- The Jackson Laboratory, Sacramento, CA 95838
| | | | - Sunghee Cho
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY 10605
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
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24
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Lower limb ischemic preconditioning combined with dietary nitrate supplementation does not influence time-trial performance in well-trained cyclists. J Sci Med Sport 2019; 22:852-857. [PMID: 30745097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dietary nitrate (NO3-) supplementation and ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) can independently improve exercise performance. The purpose of this study was to explore whether NO3- supplementation, ingested prior to an IPC protocol, could synergistically enhance parameters of exercise. DESIGN Double-blind randomized crossover trial. METHODS Ten competitive male cyclists (age 34±6years, body mass 78.9±4.9kg, V⋅O2peak 55±4 mLkgmin-1) completed an incremental exercise test followed by three cycling trials comprising a square-wave submaximal component and a 16.1km time-trial. Oxygen uptake (V⋅O2) and muscle oxygenation kinetics were measured throughout. The baseline (BASE) trial was conducted without any dietary intervention or IPC. In the remaining two trials, participants received 3×5min bouts of lower limb bilateral IPC prior to exercise. Participants ingested NO3--rich gel (NIT+IPC) 90min prior to testing in one trial and a low NO3- placebo in the other (PLA+IPC). Plasma NO3- and nitrite (NO2-) were measured immediately before and after application of IPC. RESULTS Plasma [NO3-] and [NO2-] were higher before and after IPC in NIT+IPC compared to BASE (P<0.001) but did not differ between BASE and PLA+IPC. There were no differences in V⋅O2 kinetics or muscle oxygenation parameters between trials (all P>0.4). Performance in the time-trial was similar between trials (BASE 1343±72s, PLA+IPC 1350±75s, NIT+IPC 1346±83s, P=0.98). CONCLUSIONS Pre-exercise IPC did not improve sub-maximal exercise or performance measures, either alone or in combination with dietary NO3- supplementation.
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25
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Gholampour F, Roozbeh J, Janfeshan S, Karimi Z. Remote ischemic per-conditioning protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury via suppressing gene expression of TLR4 and TNF-α in rat model. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 97:112-119. [PMID: 30501397 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) involves both inflammatory processes and oxidative stress in the kidney. This study determined whether remote ischemic per-conditioning (RIPerC) is mediated by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in rats. Renal IR injury was induced by occluding renal arteries for 45 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion. RIPerC included 4 cycles of 2 min of ischemia of the left femoral artery followed by 3 min of reperfusion performed at the start of renal ischemia. Rats were divided into sham, IR, and RIPerC groups. At the end of the reperfusion period, urine, blood and tissue samples were gathered. IR created kidney dysfunction, as ascertained by a significant decrease in creatinine clearance and a significant increase in sodium fractional excretion. These changes occurred in concert with a decrease in the activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase with an increment in malondialdehyde levels, mRNA expression levels of TLR4 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and histological damage in renal tissues. RIPerC treatment diminished all these changes. This study demonstrates that RIPerC has protective effects on the kidney after renal IR, which might be related to the inhibition of the TLR4 signaling pathway and augmentation of antioxidant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firouzeh Gholampour
- a Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamshid Roozbeh
- b Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sahar Janfeshan
- c Department of Biology, Zarghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zarghan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Karimi
- b Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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26
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Zhao W, Li S, Ren C, Meng R, Jin K, Ji X. Remote ischemic conditioning for stroke: clinical data, challenges, and future directions. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 6:186-196. [PMID: 30656197 PMCID: PMC6331204 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite great improvement during the past several decades, the management of stroke is still far from satisfactory, which warrants alternative or adjunctive strategies. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), an easy‐to‐use and noninvasive therapy, can be performed in various clinical scenarios (e.g., prehospital transportation, intrahospital, and at home), and it has been widely investigated for stroke management. RIC has been demonstrated to be well tolerated in patients with acute ischemic stroke and aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage, and it may benefit these patients by improving clinical outcomes; in patients with intracranial atherosclerosis, long‐term repeated RIC could be safely performed and benefit patients by reducing recurrent ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack, as well as improving cerebral perfusion status; long‐term repeated RIC may also benefit patients with cerebral small vessel disease by slowing cognitive decline and reducing volume of white matter hyperintensities on brain MRI; in patients with severe carotid atherosclerotic stenosis undergoing stenting, preprocedural RIC could reduce the odds of new brain lesions on postprocedural MRI. Previous clinical studies suggest broad future prospects of RIC in the field of cerebrovascular diseases. However, the optimal RIC protocol and the mechanisms that RIC protects the brain is not fully clear, and there is lack of sensitive and specific biomarkers of RIC, all these dilemmas prevent RIC from entering clinical practice. This review focuses on recent advances in clinical studies of RIC in stroke management, its challenges, and the potential directions of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Neurology Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Sijie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Changhong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Ran Meng
- Department of Neurology Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China.,Center for Neuroscience Discovery Institute for Healthy Aging University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth Texas
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China.,Department of Neurosurgery Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
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27
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Arriel RA, de Souza HLR, da Mota GR, Marocolo M. Declines in exercise performance are prevented 24 hours after post-exercise ischemic conditioning in amateur cyclists. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207053. [PMID: 30412606 PMCID: PMC6226188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brief moments of blood flow occlusion followed by reperfusion may promote enhancements in exercise performance. Thus, this study assessed the 24-h effect of post-exercise ischemic conditioning (PEIC) on exercise performance and physiological variables in trained cyclists. In a randomized, single-blind study, 28 trained cyclists (27.1 ± 1.4 years) performed a maximal incremental cycling test (MICT). The outcome measures were creatine kinase (CK), muscle soreness and perceived recovery status, heart rate, perceived exertion and power output. Immediately after the MICT, the cyclists performed 1 of the following 4 interventions: 2 sessions of 5-min occlusion/5-min reperfusion (PEIC or SHAM, 2 x 5) or 5 sessions of 2-min occlusion/2-min reperfusion (PEIC or SHAM, 5 x 2). The PEIC (50 mm Hg above the systolic blood pressure) or SHAM (20 mm Hg) treatment was applied unilaterally on alternating thighs. At 24 h after the interventions, a second MICT was performed. In all the groups, the CK levels were increased compared with the baseline (p < 0.05) after the 24-h MICT. The PEIC groups (2 x 5 and 5 x 2) felt more tired at 24 h post intervention (p < 0.05). However, both PEIC groups maintained their performance (2 x 5: p = 0.819; 5 x 2: p = 0.790), while the SHAM groups exhibited decreased performance at 24 h post intervention compared to baseline (2 x 5: p = 0.015; 5 x 2: p = 0.045). A decrease in the maximal heart rate (HR) was found only in the SHAM 2 x 5 group (p = 0.015). There were no other significant differences in the heart rate, power output or perceived exertion after 24 h compared with the baseline values for any of the interventions (p > 0.05). In conclusion, PEIC led to maintained exercise performance 24 h post intervention in trained cyclists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhaí André Arriel
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Ribeiro da Mota
- Human Performance and Sport Research Group, Department of Sport Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Moacir Marocolo
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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28
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Leak RK, Calabrese EJ, Kozumbo WJ, Gidday JM, Johnson TE, Mitchell JR, Ozaki CK, Wetzker R, Bast A, Belz RG, Bøtker HE, Koch S, Mattson MP, Simon RP, Jirtle RL, Andersen ME. Enhancing and Extending Biological Performance and Resilience. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818784501. [PMID: 30140178 PMCID: PMC6096685 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818784501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human performance, endurance, and resilience have biological limits that are genetically and epigenetically predetermined but perhaps not yet optimized. There are few systematic, rigorous studies on how to raise these limits and reach the true maxima. Achieving this goal might accelerate translation of the theoretical concepts of conditioning, hormesis, and stress adaptation into technological advancements. In 2017, an Air Force-sponsored conference was held at the University of Massachusetts for discipline experts to display data showing that the amplitude and duration of biological performance might be magnified and to discuss whether there might be harmful consequences of exceeding typical maxima. The charge of the workshop was "to examine and discuss and, if possible, recommend approaches to control and exploit endogenous defense mechanisms to enhance the structure and function of biological tissues." The goal of this white paper is to fulfill and extend this workshop charge. First, a few of the established methods to exploit endogenous defense mechanisms are described, based on workshop presentations. Next, the white paper accomplishes the following goals to provide: (1) synthesis and critical analysis of concepts across some of the published work on endogenous defenses, (2) generation of new ideas on augmenting biological performance and resilience, and (3) specific recommendations for researchers to not only examine a wider range of stimulus doses but to also systematically modify the temporal dimension in stimulus inputs (timing, number, frequency, and duration of exposures) and in measurement outputs (interval until assay end point, and lifespan). Thus, a path forward is proposed for researchers hoping to optimize protocols that support human health and longevity, whether in civilians, soldiers, athletes, or the elderly patients. The long-term goal of these specific recommendations is to accelerate the discovery of practical methods to conquer what were once considered intractable constraints on performance maxima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana K. Leak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edward J. Calabrese
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey M. Gidday
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Thomas E. Johnson
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - James R. Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C. Keith Ozaki
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reinhard Wetzker
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Aalt Bast
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Regina G. Belz
- Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute, Agroecology Unit, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans E. Bøtker
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Koch
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Mark P. Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roger P. Simon
- Departments of Medicine and Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Randy L. Jirtle
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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29
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Protecting the heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury: an update on remote ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning. Curr Opin Cardiol 2018; 32:784-790. [PMID: 28902715 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The most effective strategy for reducing acute myocardial ischemic injury is timely and effective reperfusion. However, myocardial reperfusion can induce further cardiomyocyte death (reperfusion injury). Interventions that protect the heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury, reducing infarct size, can involve remote ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning. These interventions have a promising potential clinical application, and have been the focus of recent research. In this review, we provide an update of remote ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS Remote ischemic preconditioning cardioprotection can occur via a humoral pathway and/or a neural pathway. These two pathways have been described as mechanistically different, but it has been suggested that they could be interdependent. However, remote ischemic postconditioning mainly involves the humoral pathway. In this review, we will discuss the different pathways and mechanisms involved in remote ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning. SUMMARY Remote ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning is possible to perform in a clinical setting by intermittent ischemia of an upper or lower limb. Furthermore, clinical trials using this procedure in the context of predictable ischemia-reperfusion have produced promising results, and other studies to define the potential clinical use of these strategies are ongoing.
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30
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Zhou G, Li MH, Tudor G, Lu HT, Kadirvel R, Kallmes D. Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Cerebral Diseases and Neurointerventional Procedures: Recent Research Progress. Front Neurol 2018; 9:339. [PMID: 29867745 PMCID: PMC5964135 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia and stroke are increasing in prevalence and are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. Despite the progress in endovascular treatment, ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is an important contributor to post-surgical mortality and morbidity affecting a wide range of neurointerventional procedures. However, pharmacological recruitment of effective cerebral protective signaling has been largely disappointing to date. In remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), repetitive transient mechanical obstruction of vessels at a limb remote from the IR injury site protects vital organs from IR injury and confers infarction size reduction following prolonged arterial occlusion. Results of pharmacologic agents appear to be species specific, while RIC is based on the neuroprotective influences of phosphorylated protein kinase B, signaling proteins, nitric oxide, and transcriptional activators, the benefits of which have been confirmed in many species. Inducing RIC protection in patients undergoing cerebral vascular surgery or those who are at high risk of brain injury has been the subject of research and has been enacted in clinical settings. Its simplicity and non-invasive nature, as well as the flexibility of the timing of RIC stimulus, also makes it feasible to apply alongside neurointerventional procedures. Furthermore, despite nonuniform RIC protocols, emerging literature demonstrates improved clinical outcomes. The aims of this article are to summarize the potential mechanisms underlying different forms of conditioning, to explore the current translation of this paradigm from laboratory to neurovascular diseases, and to outline applications for patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Zhou
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ming Hua Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Hai Tao Lu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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31
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Adstamongkonkul D, Hess DC. Ischemic Conditioning and neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy: a literature review. CONDITIONING MEDICINE 2017; 1:9-16. [PMID: 30215057 PMCID: PMC6131706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is the result of severe anoxic brain injury during the neonatal period and causes life-long morbidity and premature mortality. Currently, therapeutic hypothermia immediately after birth is the standard of care for clinically relevant HIE. However, therapeutic hypothermia alone does not provide complete neuroprotection and there is an urgent need for adjunctive therapies. Ischemic conditioning is an adaptive process of endogenous protection in which small doses of sub-lethal ischemia can provide a protection against a lethal ischemic event. Remote Ischemic Post-conditioning (RIPC), a form of ischemic conditioning, is highly translatable for HIE diagnosed immediately after birth as the conditioned ischemic stimulus is applied at the limb after the lethal ischemic episode. A number of studies in neonatal rats have demonstrated that RIPC is effective at reducing injury in focal cerebral ischemia models and improves neurological outcomes. In this review, we focus on the available data on HIE and its current treatment, models in HIE studies, ischemic conditioning/RIPC and its mechanism. We discuss in particular the effect of RIPC on neonatal brain with HIE. We postulate that combining RIPC with standard therapeutic hypothermia can be an attractive therapeutic approach for HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusit Adstamongkonkul
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - David C Hess
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
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32
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Dezfulian C, Olsufka M, Fly D, Scruggs S, Do R, Maynard C, Nichol G, Kim F. Hemodynamic effects of IV sodium nitrite in hospitalized comatose survivors of out of hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2017; 122:106-112. [PMID: 29175357 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest have brain and cardiac injury. Recent animal studies suggest that the administration of sodium nitrite after resuscitation from 12min of asystole limits acute cardiac dysfunction and improves survival and neurologic outcomes. It has been hypothesized that low doses of IV sodium nitrite given during resuscitation of out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) will improve survival. Low doses of sodium nitrite (e.g., 9.6mg of sodium nitrite) are safe in healthy individuals, however the effect of nitrite on blood pressure in resuscitated cardiac arrest patients is unknown. METHODS We performed a single-center, pilot trial of low dose sodium nitrite (1 or 9.6mg dose) vs. placebo in hospitalized out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patient to determine whether nitrite administration reduced blood pressure and whether whole blood nitrite levels increased in response to nitrite administration. RESULTS This is the first reported study of sodium nitrite in cardiac arrest patients. Infusion of low doses of sodium nitrite in comatose survivors of OHCA (n=7) compared to placebo (n=4) had no significant effects on heart rate within 30min after infusion (70±20 vs. 78±3 beats per minute, p=0.18), systolic blood pressure (103±20 vs 108±15mmHg, p=0.3), or methemoglobin levels (0.92±0.33 vs. 0.70±0.26, p=0.45). Serum nitrite levels of 2-4μM were achieved within 15min of a 9.6mg nitrite infusion. CONCLUSIONS Low dose sodium nitrite does not cause significant hemodynamic effect in patients with OHCA, which suggests that nitrite can be delivered safely in this critically ill patient population. Higher doses of sodium nitrite are necessary in order to achieve target serum level of 10μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Dezfulian
- Department of Adult and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Michele Olsufka
- Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, United States
| | - Deborah Fly
- Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, United States
| | - Sue Scruggs
- Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, United States
| | - Rose Do
- Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, United States
| | - Charles Maynard
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, United States
| | - Graham Nichol
- Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, United States
| | - Francis Kim
- Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, United States.
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