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Hao XD, Liu JX, Zhang JS. Longevity factor FOXO3a: A potential therapeutic target for age-related ocular diseases. Life Sci 2024; 350:122769. [PMID: 38848943 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The forkhead box protein O3 (FOXO3a) belongs to the subgroup O of the forkhead transcription factor family and plays an important role in regulating the aging process by participating in the regulation of various life processes, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, and DNA repair. The eye is an organ that is affected by aging earlier. However, the functional role and potential clinical applications of FOXO3a in age-related eye diseases have not received widespread attention and lacked comprehensive and clear clarification. In this review, we demonstrated the relationship between FOXO3a and visual system health, summarized the functional roles of FOXO3a in various eye diseases, and potential ocular-related therapies and drugs targeting FOXO3a in visual system diseases through a review and summary of relevant literature. This review indicates that FOXO3a is an important factor in maintaining the normal function of various tissues in the eye, and is closely related to the occurrence and development of ophthalmic-related diseases. Based on its vital role in the normal function of the visual system, FOXO3a has potential clinical application value in related ophthalmic diseases. At present, multiple molecules and drugs targeting FOXO3a have been reported to have the potential for the treatment of related ophthalmic diseases, but further clinical trials are needed. In conclusion, this review can facilitate us to grasp the role of FOXO3a in the visual system and provide new views and bases for the treatment strategy research of age-related eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Hao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Jin-Xiu Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jing-Sai Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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2
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Hong Y, Sun Y, Ainiwaer M, Xiao B, Zhang S, Ning L, Zhu X, Ji Y. A role for YAP/FOXM1/Nrf2 axis in oxidative stress and apoptosis of cataract induced by UVB irradiation. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23832. [PMID: 39046354 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400848r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the hypothesis that Yes-associated protein (YAP) significantly regulates antioxidant potential and anti-apoptosis in UVB-induced cataract by exploring the underlying molecular mechanisms. To investigate the association between YAP and cataract, various experimental techniques were employed, including cell viability assessment, Annexin V FITC/PI assay, measurement of ROS production, RT-PCR, Western blot assay, and Immunoprecipitation. UVB exposure on human lens epithelium cells (HLECs) reduced total and nuclear YAP protein expression, increased cleaved/pro-caspase 3 ratios, decreased cell viability, and elevated ROS levels compared to controls. Similar Western blot results were observed in in vivo experiments involving UVB-treated mice. YAP knockdown in vitro demonstrated a decrease in the protein expression of FOXM1, Nrf2, and HO-1, which correlated with the mRNA expression, accompanied by an increase in cell apoptosis, caspase 3 activation, and the release of ROS. Conversely, YAP overexpression mitigated these effects induced by UVB irradiation. Immunoprecipitation revealed a FOXM1-YAP interaction. Notably, inhibiting FOXM1 decreased Nrf2 and HO-1, activating caspase 3. Additionally, administering the ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) effectively mitigated the apoptotic effects induced by oxidative stress from UVB irradiation, rescuing the protein expression levels of YAP, FOXM1, Nrf2, and HO-1. The initial findings of our study demonstrate the existence of a feedback loop involving YAP, FOXM1, Nrf2, and ROS that significantly influences the cell apoptosis in HLECs under UVB-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Hong
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Maierdanjiang Ainiwaer
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Binghe Xiao
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ning
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjia Zhu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghong Ji
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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3
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Ma Z, Hao J, Yang Z, Zhang M, Xin J, Bi H, Guo D. Research Progress on the Role of Ubiquitination in Eye Diseases. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01381-y. [PMID: 38913283 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence and development of ophthalmic diseases are related to the dysfunction of eye tissues. Ubiquitin is an important form of protein post-translational modification, which plays an essential role in the occurrence and development of diseases through specific modification of target proteins. Ubiquitination governs a variety of intracellular signal transduction processes, including proteasome degradation, DNA damage repair, and cell cycle progression. Studies have found that ubiquitin can play a role in eye diseases such as cataracts, glaucoma, keratopathy, retinopathy, and eye tumors. In this paper, the role of protein ubiquitination in eye diseases was reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Ma
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Jiawen Hao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Jizhao Xin
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmology and Children Visual Impairment Prevention and Control, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of Visual Intelligence, Shandong Academy of Health and Myopia Prevention and Control of Children and Adolescents, Jinan, 250002, China.
- Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China.
| | - Dadong Guo
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmology and Children Visual Impairment Prevention and Control, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of Visual Intelligence, Shandong Academy of Health and Myopia Prevention and Control of Children and Adolescents, Jinan, 250002, China.
- Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China.
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4
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Song B, Yang P, Zhang S. Cell fate regulation governed by p53: Friends or reversible foes in cancer therapy. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:297-360. [PMID: 38311377 PMCID: PMC10958678 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Targeted therapies aimed at key oncogenic driver mutations in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as immunotherapy have benefited cancer patients considerably. Tumor protein p53 (TP53), a crucial tumor suppressor gene encoding p53, regulates numerous downstream genes and cellular phenotypes in response to various stressors. The affected genes are involved in diverse processes, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, cellular senescence, metabolic homeostasis, apoptosis, and autophagy. However, accumulating recent studies have continued to reveal novel and unexpected functions of p53 in governing the fate of tumors, for example, functions in ferroptosis, immunity, the tumor microenvironment and microbiome metabolism. Among the possibilities, the evolutionary plasticity of p53 is the most controversial, partially due to the dizzying array of biological functions that have been attributed to different regulatory mechanisms of p53 signaling. Nearly 40 years after its discovery, this key tumor suppressor remains somewhat enigmatic. The intricate and diverse functions of p53 in regulating cell fate during cancer treatment are only the tip of the iceberg with respect to its equally complicated structural biology, which has been painstakingly revealed. Additionally, TP53 mutation is one of the most significant genetic alterations in cancer, contributing to rapid cancer cell growth and tumor progression. Here, we summarized recent advances that implicate altered p53 in modulating the response to various cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Furthermore, we also discussed potential strategies for targeting p53 as a therapeutic option for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Song
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
| | - Ping Yang
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical CollegeChina National Nuclear Corporation 416 HospitalChengduSichuanP. R. China
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineNHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical TransformationWest China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
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5
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Lu H, Tan Z, Ko H, Naji P, Zhu R, Wang J, Huang S, Zhang YW, Zeng S. Tripartite motif-containing protein 26 promotes colorectal cancer growth by inactivating p53. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3782833. [PMID: 38260302 PMCID: PMC10802717 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3782833/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing protein 26 (TRIM26) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that exhibits divergent roles in various cancer types (oncogenic and anti-oncogenic). This study investigates the interaction of TRIM26 with the tumor suppressor protein p53 in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells by performing a comprehensive set of biochemical, cell-based assays, and xenograft experiments. As a result, we found that overexpression of TRIM26 significantly enhances CRC cell proliferation and colony formation, while knockdown of TRIM26 suppresses these processes. Xenograft experiments further validated the tumor-promoting role of TRIM26 in CRC. Supporting this is that TRIM26 is highly expressed in human CRC tissues as revealed by our analysis of the TCGA database. Biochemically, TRIM26 directly bound to the C-terminus of p53 and facilitated its ubiquitination, resulting in proteolytic degradation and attenuated p53 activity independently of MDM2. Also, TRIM26 increased the MDM2-mediated ubiquitination of p53 by binding to MDM2's C-terminus. This study uncovers the oncogenic potential of TRIM26 in CRC by inhibiting p53 function. Through its ubiquitin ligase activity, TRIM26 destabilizes p53, consequently promoting CRC cell proliferation and tumor growth. These findings shed light on the complex involvement of TRIM26 in cancer and identify this ubiquitin ligase as a potential therapeutic target for future development of CRC treatment.
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6
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Sun L, Chen Y, Xia L, Wang J, Zhu J, Li J, Wang K, Shen K, Zhang D, Zhang G, Shi T, Chen W. TRIM69 suppressed the anoikis resistance and metastasis of gastric cancer through ubiquitin‒proteasome-mediated degradation of PRKCD. Oncogene 2023; 42:3619-3632. [PMID: 37864033 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family has been investigated in multiple human cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). However, the role of TRIM69 in the anoikis resistance and metastasis of GC cells remains to be elucidated. We identified the differentially expressed genes in anoikis-resistant GC cells using RNA-sequencing analysis. The interaction between TRIM69 and PRKCD was analyzed by coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. Our results have shown that TRIM69 was significantly downregulated in anoikis-resistant GC cells. TRIM69 overexpression markedly suppressed the anoikis resistance and metastasis of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. TRIM69 knockdown had the opposite effects. Mechanistically, TRIM69 interacted with PRKCD through its B-box domain and catalyzed the K48-linked polyubiquitination of PRKCD. Moreover, TRIM69 inhibited BDNF production in a PRKCD-dependent manner. Importantly, overexpression of PRKCD or BDNF blocked the effects of TRIM69 on the anoikis resistance and metastasis of GC cells. Interestingly, a TRIM69-PRKCD+BDNF+ cell subset was positively associated with metastasis in GC patients. TRIM69-mediated suppression of the anoikis resistance and metastasis of GC cells via modulation of the PRKCD/BDNF axis, with potential implications for novel therapeutic approaches for metastatic GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqing Sun
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinghan Zhu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Juntao Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kanger Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dongze Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangbo Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Tongguo Shi
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Weichang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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7
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Pacheco AIP. Cataractogenesis and molecular pathways, with reactive free oxygen species as a common pathway. Surv Ophthalmol 2023:S0039-6257(23)00144-3. [PMID: 37944599 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Slowing down or stopping the natural process of cataractogenesis is certainly a challenge for those who today propose an option other than surgery. Addressing the same problem in different ways constitutes a new approach to solving what is today the number one cause of reversible blindness worldwide. The technological revolution, as well as the advances in the biological sciences, allows us to conceive mechanisms never thought of before to stop the process that, as a common pathway, constitutes opacification of the crystalline lens. A new dawn for cataracts is coming through molecular, newly-discovered mechanisms. Cataractogenesis and molecular pathways have reactive free oxygen species as a common pathway. Surgical removal is today's gold standard, but perhaps not for much longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Iván Pérez Pacheco
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Medical Science, Ophthalmological General Teaching Center Hospital "Dr. Enrique Cabrera", Havana, Cuba.
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8
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Zhang K, Di G, Li B, Ge H, Bai Y, Bian W, Wang D, Chen P. AQP5 deficiency promotes the senescence of lens epithelial cells through mitochondrial dysfunction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 680:184-193. [PMID: 37742347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Cataract is lens opacity, which is a common blinding eye disease worldwide. Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) is expressed in the human and mouse lenses. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of AQP5 in the senescence of lens epithelial cells (LECs). Primary LECs were isolated and cultured from Aqp5+/+ and Aqp5-/- mice. Western blot or immunofluorescence staining of p16, Ki67, MitoSOX, JC-1 and phalloidin was used in the experiments to evaluate the changes in the primary LECs. The primary Aqp5-/- LECs showed increased p16 expression and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and activity, and cytoskeletal disorders. When the cells were pretreated with Mito-TEMPO, the Aqp5-/- mice showed decreased p16 expression, reduced mitochondrial dysfunction and cytoskeletal disorders. Our results revealed that AQP5 deficiency promotes the senescence of primary LECs through mitochondrial dysfunction. This provides a new perspective for the treatment of cataracts by regulating AQP5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaier Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China.
| | - Guohu Di
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China; Institute of Stem Cell Regeneration Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China.
| | - Huanhuan Ge
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China.
| | - Ying Bai
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China.
| | - Wenhan Bian
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China.
| | - Dianqiang Wang
- Qingdao Aier Eye Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266400, China.
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China; Institute of Stem Cell Regeneration Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China.
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9
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Li X, Qu Y, Yang Q, Li R, Diao Y, Wang J, Wu L, Zhang C, Cui S, Qin L, Zhuo D, Wang H, Wang L, Huang Y. Cellular Localization of FOXO3 Determines Its Role in Cataractogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1845-1862. [PMID: 37517685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor forkhead box protein (FOX)-O3 is a core regulator of cellular homeostasis, stress response, and longevity. The cellular localization of FOXO3 is closely related to its function. Herein, the role of FOXO3 in cataract formation was explored. FOXO3 showed nuclear translocation in lens epithelial cells (LECs) arranged in a single layer on lens capsule tissues from both human cataract and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced rat cataract, also in MNU-injured human (H)-LEC lines. FOXO3 knockdown inhibited the MNU-induced increase in expression of genes related to cell cycle arrest (GADD45A and CCNG2) and apoptosis (BAK and TP53). H2 is highly effective in reducing oxidative impairments in nuclear DNA and mitochondria. When H2 was applied to MNU-injured HLECs, FOXO3 underwent cleavage by MAPK1 and translocated into mitochondria, thereby increasing the transcription of oxidative phosphorylation-related genes (MTCO1, MTCO2, MTND1, and MTND6) in HLECs. Furthermore, H2 mediated the translocation of FOXO3 from the nucleus to the mitochondria within the LECs of cataract capsule tissues of rats exposed to MNU. This intervention ameliorated MNU-induced cataracts in the rat model. In conclusion, there was a correlation between the localization of FOXO3 and its function in cataract formation. It was also determined that H2 protects HLECs from injury by leading FOXO3 mitochondrial translocation via MAPK1 activation. Mitochondrial FOXO3 can increase mtDNA transcription and stabilize mitochondrial function in HLECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxin Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese Aerospace 731 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Runpu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yumei Diao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chuyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoyuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Deyi Zhuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yifei Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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10
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Zhang X, Liu B, Lal K, Liu H, Tran M, Zhou M, Ezugwu C, Gao X, Dang T, Au ML, Brown E, Wu H, Liao Y. Antioxidant System and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Cataracts. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:4041-4058. [PMID: 37874455 PMCID: PMC10842247 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The primary underlying contributor for cataract, a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness worldwide, is oxidative stress. Oxidative stress triggers protein damage, cell apoptosis, and subsequent cataract formation. The nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) serves as a principal redox transcriptional factor in the lens, offering a line of defense against oxidative stress. In response to oxidative challenges, Nrf2 dissociates from its inhibitor, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), moves to the nucleus, and binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE) to activate the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant system. In parallel, oxidative stress also induces endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated during oxidative stress, can directly damage proteins, causing them to misfold. Initially, the unfolded protein response (UPR) activates to mitigate excessive misfolded proteins. Yet, under persistent or severe stress, the failure to rectify protein misfolding leads to an accumulation of these aberrant proteins, pushing the UPR towards an apoptotic pathway, further contributing to cataractogenesis. Importantly, there is a dynamic interaction between the Nrf2 antioxidant system and the ERS/UPR mechanism in the lens. This interplay, where ERS/UPR can modulate Nrf2 expression and vice versa, holds potential therapeutic implications for cataract prevention and treatment. This review explores the intricate crosstalk between these systems, aiming to illuminate strategies for future advancements in cataract prevention and intervention. The Nrf2-dependent antioxidant system communicates and cross-talks with the ERS/UPR pathway. Both mechanisms are proposed to play pivotal roles in the onset of cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bingqing Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kevin Lal
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Haihua Liu
- Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Myhoa Tran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Manyu Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chimdindu Ezugwu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Xin Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Terry Dang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - My-Lien Au
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Erica Brown
- School of Medicine, Texas Christian University and University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Hongli Wu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
| | - Yan Liao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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11
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Chi XJ, Song YB, Liu DH, Wei LQ, Zhao AR, An X, Feng ZZ, Lan XH, Lv YM, Li HJ, Lan D, He HM. TRIM69: a marker of metastasis and potential sensitizer to 5-Fluorouracil and PD-1 blockers in colon adenocarcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:292. [PMID: 37653392 PMCID: PMC10470154 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several proteins in the tripartite-motif (TRIM) family are associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), but research on the role of TRIM69 was lacking. The present study examined the correlation between TRIM69 expression and colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). METHODS mRNA sequencing data for COAD patients was extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas to analyze correlations between TRIM69 expression and patients' clinical features as well as survival. Potential associations with immune cells and chemosensitivity also were predicted using various algorithms in the TIMER, Limma, clusterProfiler, GeneMANIA, and Gene Set Cancer Analysis platforms. Subsequently, polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect TRIM69 expression in COAD tissue samples from real-world patients. RESULTS TRIM69 expression was lower in COAD tissues than in normal tissues and correlated with the pathologic stage and metastasis (M category). Additionally, TRIM69 was found to be involved in several immune-related pathways, notably the NOD-like signaling pathway. These results suggest that high TRIM69 expression has the potential to enhance tumor sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockers. CONCLUSIONS From our findings that TRIM69 expression was significantly reduced in COAD compared with non-cancer tissues and associated with pathologic stage and metastasis, we conclude that increasing TRIM69 expression and/or activity may help to improve therapeutic outcomes. Accordingly, TRIM69 represents a potentially valuable marker of metastasis and target for adjuvant therapy in COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jv Chi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yi-Bei Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Deng-He Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Li-Qiang Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - An-Ran Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xin An
- Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zi-Zhen Feng
- Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Lan
- Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yu-Meng Lv
- Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Hong-Jun Li
- Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Dong Lan
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Hui-Min He
- Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
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12
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Jia Y, Li HY, Wang J, Chen X, Lou L, Wei YY, Wang Y, Mo SJ. Tripartite motif containing 69 elicits ERK2-dependent EYA4 turnover to impart pancreatic tumorigenesis. J Cancer 2023; 14:200-218. [PMID: 36741265 PMCID: PMC9891873 DOI: 10.7150/jca.79905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Eyes absent homologue 4 (EYA4) is silenced in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and functions as a tumor suppressor to restrain PDAC development, albeit the molecular mechanism underlying its downregulation remains enigmatic. Methods: Functional studies were determined by immunohistochemistry of PDAC samples from patients and Pdx1-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D/+; Trp53fl/+ (KPC) mice, three-dimensional spheroid culture, flow cytometry, MTT and subcutaneous xenograft experiments. Mechanistical studies were examined by cellular ubiquitination, cycloheximide (CHX) pulse-chase, co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, GST-pulldown, in vitro protein kinase assay, immunofluorescence and luciferase reporter assays. Results: We screen E3 ligase that is negatively correlated with EYA4 and uncover a mutually exclusive interaction of tripartite motif containing 69 (TRIM69) with EYA4 in human PDAC. TRIM69 elicits EYA4 polyubiquitylation and turnover independent of P53 and impedes the EYA4-driven deactivation of β-catenin/ID2 cascade, fueling PDAC cell proliferation in vitro and tumor development in mice. Expression of TRIM69 is upregulated in PDAC samples from independent cohorts of patients and the Pdx1-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D/+; Trp53fl/+ (KPC) mice, and associated with unfavorable prognosis. Depleting TRIM69 preferentially induces lethality in the EYA4-deficient PDAC cells. We further unearth that ERK2 directly binds to the D-site of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) docking groove in EYA4 Leu512/514 and phosphorylates EYA4 at Ser37, which is instrumental for EYA4 polyubiquitylation and turnover by TRIM69. Conclusion: Our results define a previously unappreciated role of TRIM69-EYA4 axis in pancreatic tumorigenesis and underscore that targeting TRIM69 might be an effective therapeutic approach for PDAC harboring EYA4 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jia
- Cancer Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Yan Li
- General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xing Chen
- General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lu Lou
- General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Wei
- General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Jing Mo
- General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,✉ Corresponding author: Shi-Jing Mo, MD, PhD, General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China. E-mail: ; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-3255
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13
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Mi Y, Wei C, Sun L, Liu H, Zhang J, Luo J, Yu X, He J, Ge H, Liu P. Melatonin inhibits ferroptosis and delays age-related cataract by regulating SIRT6/p-Nrf2/GPX4 and SIRT6/NCOA4/FTH1 pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114048. [PMID: 36463827 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cataracts are the main cause of reversible blindness worldwide. The ageing of the lens caused by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is mostly related to oxidative stress (OS). Little is known about whether OS induced by UVB enhances the sensitivity of lens epithelial cells to ferroptotic stress, which may be a new mechanism leading to age-related cataracts (ARCs). METHODS Ferroptosis was detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), iron assay, lipid peroxidation (MDA) assay, real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Genetic engineering technology was used to investigate the regulatory relationship among Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and ferritin heavy chain (FTH1). Knockdown and overexpression of SIRT6 locally in vivo in rats were performed to probe the regulatory mechanism of SIRT6 in ferroptosis in ARCs. FINDINGS Here, we observed that UVB can drastically induce ferroptosis in lens epithelial cells in vivo and in vitro. Surprisingly, inhibition of ferroptosis was the direct reason that melatonin rescued B-3, SRA01/04 and HEK-293 T cells survival; the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-Vad-FMK did not significantly reverse the death of UVB-irradiated cells compared with that in the UVB+DMSO group. SIRT6 was an upstream regulator of phosphorylated Nrf2 (p-Nrf2) and NCOA4 in B-3, SRA01/04 and HEK-293 T cells. Melatonin inhibited ferroptosis through the SIRT6/p-Nrf2/GPX4 and SIRT6/COA4/FTH1 pathways to neutralize lipid peroxidation toxicity, which protected cells against ferroptotic stress in vitro and delayed cataract formation caused by UVB exposure in rats. INTERPRETATION Our findings reveal a novel causal role of melatonin in the pathogenesis of ARCs, which raises the possibility of selectively targeting the activation of SIRT6 and ferroptotic resistance as a latent antioxidative therapeutic strategy for ARCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mi
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Ischemia-reperfusion, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China; Experimental Animal Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chaoqun Wei
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Ischemia-reperfusion, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China; Experimental Animal Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Liyao Sun
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Huirui Liu
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Ischemia-reperfusion, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China; Experimental Animal Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiayue Zhang
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Ischemia-reperfusion, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China; Experimental Animal Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jialin Luo
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaohan Yu
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jie He
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hongyan Ge
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Ping Liu
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China.
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14
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Trim69 is a microtubule regulator that acts as a pantropic viral inhibitor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2211467119. [PMID: 36251989 PMCID: PMC9618055 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211467119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Through a screen that combines functional and evolutionary analyses, we identified tripartite motif protein (Trim69), a poorly studied member of the Trim family, as a negative regulator of HIV-1 infection in interferon (IFN)-stimulated myeloid cells. Trim69 inhibits the early phases of infection of HIV-1, but also of HIV-2 and SIVMAC in addition to the negative and positive-strand RNA viruses vesicular stomatitis virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, with magnitudes that depend on the combination between cell type and virus. Mechanistically, Trim69 associates directly to microtubules and its antiviral activity is linked to its ability to promote the accumulation of stable microtubules, a program that we uncover to be an integral part of antiviral IFN-I responses in myeloid cells. Overall, our study identifies Trim69 as the antiviral innate defense factor that regulates the properties of microtubules to limit viral spread and highlights the cytoskeleton as an unappreciated battleground in the host-pathogen interactions that underlie viral infections.
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15
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Huang N, Sun X, Li P, Liu X, Zhang X, Chen Q, Xin H. TRIM family contribute to tumorigenesis, cancer development, and drug resistance. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:75. [PMID: 36261847 PMCID: PMC9583506 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00322-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The tripartite-motif (TRIM) family represents one of the largest classes of putative single protein RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligases. TRIM family is involved in a variety of cellular signaling transductions and biological processes. TRIM family also contributes to cancer initiation, progress, and therapy resistance, exhibiting oncogenic and tumor-suppressive functions in different human cancer types. Moreover, TRIM family members have great potential to serve as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we focus on the specific mechanisms of the participation of TRIM family members in tumorigenesis, and cancer development including interacting with dysregulated signaling pathways such as JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT, TGF-β, NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, and p53 hub. In addition, many studies have demonstrated that the TRIM family are related to tumor resistance; modulate the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, and guarantee the acquisition of cancer stem cells (CSCs) phenotype. In the end, we havediscussed the potential of TRIM family members for cancer therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy & General Surgery of Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.,PharmaLegacy Laboratories Co.,Ltd, Shengrong Road No.388, Zhangjiang High-tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy & General Surgery of Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy & General Surgery of Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy & General Surgery of Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.,PharmaLegacy Laboratories Co.,Ltd, Shengrong Road No.388, Zhangjiang High-tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy & General Surgery of Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy & General Surgery of Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Hong Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy & General Surgery of Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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16
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Lu A, Duan P, Xie J, Gao H, Chen M, Gong Y, Li J, Xu H. Recent progress and research trend of anti-cataract pharmacology therapy: A bibliometric analysis and literature review. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 934:175299. [PMID: 36181780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Cataract phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation causes great burden to global healthcare, especially for low- and middle-income countries. Such burden would be significantly relieved if cataracts can effectively be treated or delayed by non-surgical means. Excitingly, novel drugs have been developed to treat cataracts in recent decades. For example, oxysterols are found to be able to innovatively reverse lens clouding, novel nanotechnology-loaded drugs improve anti-cataract pharmacological effect, and traditional Chinese medicine demonstrates promising therapeutic effects against cataracts. In the present review, we performed bibliometric analysis to provide an overview perspective regarding the research status, hot topics, and academic trends in the field of anti-cataract pharmacology therapy. We further reviewed the curative effects and molecular mechanisms of anti-cataract drugs such as lanosterol, metformin, resveratrol and curcumin, and prospected the possibility of their clinical application in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Lu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Duan
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.
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17
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Zhang G, Kang L, Li P, Ran Q, Chen X, Ji M, Guan H. Genome-wide repertoire of transfer RNA-derived fragments in a mouse model of age-related cataract. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:1397-1404. [PMID: 35930684 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2110263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the roles of tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) containing transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) and tRNA halves in age-related cataract (ARC). Methods: Lens capsule tissue from Emory mice at 3 months and 8 months of age were dissected for integrated tsRNA and gene transcriptome sequencing. Quantitative real-time PCR assay (qRT-PCR) was perform for validating sequencing results. Bioinformatics analysis was constructed to reveal the roles of tsRNAs. Results: A total of 422 DE tsRNAs were changed, in which 156 were elevated while 266 were declined in 8-month-old mice. Subsequently, the gene sequencing data exhibited 375 upregulated and 456 downregulated DE genes. Validation by qRT-PCR in 5 selected upregulated tRFs was consistent with tsRNAs sequencing results. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis identified 25 downregulated target genes of the 5 validated tRFs. Furthermore, GO analysis revealed that these target genes were mainly enriched in camera-type eye development, sensory organ development and so on. Conclusion: Our study provide a novel perspective for the role of tsRNAs in pathogenesis of ARC, and thus therapeutic potential targets for ARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Zhang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihua Kang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiliang Ran
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Ji
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaijin Guan
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy to Reveal the Mechanism of Cassiae Semen against Cataracts. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5654120. [PMID: 35860180 PMCID: PMC9293494 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5654120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cassiae semen (CS) is one of the most well-known herbs used in the treatment of cataracts in China. However, the potential mechanisms of its anticataract effects have not been fully explored. In this study, network pharmacology was used to investigate the potential mechanism underlying the actions of CS against cataracts, and molecular docking was performed to analyze the binding activity of proteins and compounds. qPCR was performed to detect the mRNA level of genes, and the cell apoptotic rate was measured using flow cytometry. We identified 13 active compounds from CS and 105 targets, as well as 238 cataract-related targets. PPI networks were constructed, and fifty key targets were obtained. These key targets were enriched in the regulation of transcription, apoptotic process, and signal transduction pathways. Molecular docking demonstrated that the compounds of CS exhibited good affinity to some critical targets. Furthermore, CS prevented the apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells induced by UVB lights by decreasing the gene expression of CASP3, ESR1, and TP53 and increasing the CRYAB gene expression. The present study attempted to explain the mechanisms for the effects of CS in the prevention and treatment of cataracts and provided an effective strategy to investigate active ingredients from natural medicines. Further studies are required to verify these findings via in vivo and in vitro experiments.
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19
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Qi T, Jing R, Ma B, Hu C, Wen C, Shao Y, Pei C. The E3 Ligase RNF157 Inhibits Lens Epithelial Cell Apoptosis by Negatively Regulating p53 in Age-Related Cataracts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:11. [PMID: 35435923 PMCID: PMC9034709 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Age-related cataract (ARC) is a major cause of vision impairment worldwide. The E3 ubiquitin ligase RING finger protein 157 (RNF157) is involved in regulating cell survival and downregulated in human cataractous lens samples. However, the function of RNF157 in cataracts remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the role of RNF157 in ARC. Methods Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting were used to analyze the expression of RNF157 in clinical lens capsules, rat cataract models, and oxidative stress cell models. Western blot analysis and flow cytometry were used to evaluate cell apoptosis. Co-IP assay, protein stability assay, and ubiquitination assay were used to detect the interaction between RNF157 and its substrate p53. Results The expression of RNF157 was downregulated in human cataract samples, UVB-induced rat cataract model, and H2O2-treated human lens epithelial cells (LECs). Ectopic expression of RNF157 protected LECs from H2O2-induced apoptosis. In contrast, knockdown of RNF157 enhanced oxidative stress-induced apoptotic cell death. Moreover, silence of RNF157 in the rat ex vivo lens model exacerbated lens opacity. Mechanistically, RNF157 causes ubiquitination and degradation of the tumor antigen p53. Overexpression of p53 eliminated the antiapoptotic effects of RNF157, whereas p53 knockdown rescued RNF157 silencing-induced cell death. Conclusions Our findings revealed that reduced RNF157 expression promoted LEC apoptosis by upregulating p53 in cataracts, suggesting that the regulation of RNF157 expression may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruihua Jing
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Conghui Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chan Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongping Shao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Pei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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20
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Chen X, Zhang G, Li P, Yu J, Kang L, Qin B, Wang Y, Wu J, Wang Y, Zhang J, Qin M, Guan H. SYVN1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of MSH3 promotes the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells. FEBS J 2022; 289:5682-5696. [PMID: 35334159 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The pathology of age-related cataract (ARC) mainly involves the misfolding and aggregation of proteins, especially oxidative damage repair proteins, in the lens, induced by ultraviolet-B (UVB). MSH3, as a key member of the mismatch repair family, primarily maintains genome stability. However, the function of MSH3 and the mechanism by which cells maintain MSH3 proteostasis during cataractogenesis remains unknown. In the present study, the protein expression levels of MSH3 were found to be attenuated in ARC specimens and SRA01/04 cells under UVB exposure. The ectopic expression of MSH3 notably impeded UVB-induced apoptosis, whereas the knockdown of MSH3 promoted apoptosis. Protein half-life assay revealed that UVB irradiation accelerated the decline of MSH3 by ubiquitination and degradation. Subsequently, we found that E3 ubiquitin ligase synoviolin (SYVN1) interacted with MSH3 and promoted its ubiquitination and degradation. Of note, the expression and function of SYVN1 were contrary to those of MSH3 and SYVN1 regulated MSH3 protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Based on these findings, we propose a mechanism for ARC pathogenesis that involves SYVN1-mediated degradation of MSH3 via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and the autophagy-lysosome pathway, and suggest that interventions targeting SYVN1 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for ARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Chen
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China
| | - Jianfeng Yu
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China
| | - Lihua Kang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China
| | - Bai Qin
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China
| | - Junfang Zhang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China
| | - Miaomiao Qin
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China
| | - Huaijin Guan
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China
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Deng Y, Shi Y, Wen C. TRIM3 Inhibits H 2O 2-Induced Apoptosis in Human Lens Epithelial Cells by Decreasing p53 via Ubiquitination. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:747-752. [PMID: 35317686 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2040538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cataract is a leading visual disease characterized by enhanced oxidative stress and increased apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs). TRIM3 is a tumor suppressor in many cancers. However, its role in cataract remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of TRIM3 in H2O2-injured HLECs and the underlying mechanisms involved. METHODS HLECs were treated with different H2O2 concentrations to induce apoptosis. A lentivirus was designed to overexpress TRIM3 and p53, and TRIM3 knockdown was prepared. A P53 inhibitor, PFTα, was used to knockdown p53. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8 and flow cytometric analyses, respectively. TRIM3, p53, Bcl2, and Bax expression levels were determined by qRT-qPCR and western blotting. RESULTS It was found that H2O2-treated HLECs had markedly decreased cell viability and TRIM3 expression. TRIM3 overexpression attenuated the H2O2-induced HLEC apoptosis, while TRIM3 knockdown promoted it. P53, a downstream target of TRIM3, was found to be negatively regulated by TRIM3 via ubiquitination in HLECs. Furthermore, p53 overexpression abolished the effect of TRIM3 overexpression on H2O2-induced HLEC apoptosis, while PFTα alleviated the TRIM3 knockdown-mediated HLEC apoptosis. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that TRIM3 inhibited the H2O2-induced apoptosis of HLECs by decreasing p53 via ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Deng
- Department of Ophtalmology, Shanghai Eighth People Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- Department of Ophtalmology, Shanghai Eighth People Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenting Wen
- Department of Ophtalmology, Shanghai Eighth People Hospital, Shanghai, China
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22
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XRCC5 downregulated by TRIM25 is susceptible for lens epithelial cell apoptosis. Cell Signal 2022; 94:110314. [PMID: 35331835 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of the lens to UVB can lead to oxidative stress, which would result in age-related cataract (ARC) formation. In this study, we investigate the regulatory mechanism of tripartite motif containing 25 (TRIM25) in ARC. The protein level of TRIM25 was elevated in ARC specimens and UVB-exposed SRA01/04 cells. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that X-ray repair cross complementing 5 (XRCC5) might interact with TRIM25, and the interaction was validated via immunoprecipitation. TRIM25 interacted with XRCC5 and ubiquitinated it for degradation. Further studies showed that XRCC5 overexpression notably repressed UVB-induced apoptosis, while XRCC5 knockdown promoted apoptosis. Of note, ubiquitination of XRCC5 mediated by TRIM25 overexpression facilitated apoptosis. Attenuation of XRCC5 ubiquitination by mutant with substitution of lysine residues with arginine residues rescued its anti-apoptosis effect. Moreover, we observed that TRIM25-mediated XRCC5 degradation was reversed by proteasome inhibitor MG-132 or lysosome inhibitor 3-MA. In conclusion, TRIM25 mediates ubiquitination of XRCC5 to regulate the function and degradation of XRCC5, suggesting that interventions targeting TRIM25 might be a promising therapeutic strategy for ARC.
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23
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Wu Q, Song J, Gao Y, Zou Y, Guo J, Zhang X, Liu D, Guo D, Bi H. Epigallocatechin gallate enhances human lens epithelial cell survival after UVB irradiation via the mitochondrial signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:87. [PMID: 35039875 PMCID: PMC8809122 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the mechanism underlying the ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation-induced apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs), and to investigate the protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) against the UVB-induced apoptosis of HLECs. HLECs were exposed to different concentrations of EGCG plus UVB (30 mJ/cm2). Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay. Furthermore, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry with JC-1 and Annexin V/PI staining, respectively. Moreover, the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), as well as the levels of GSH, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl free radicals were determined using biochemical assay techniques. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-9 and caspase-3, respectively. The results revealed that UVB irradiation reduced the Δψm of HLECs and induced apoptosis. Notably, EGCG significantly attenuated the generation of H2O2 and hydroxyl free radicals caused by UVB irradiation in HLECs, and significantly increased CAT, SOD and GSH-Px activities, however, the GSH levels were not significantly increased. EGCG also reduced UVB-stimulated Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-9 and caspase-3 expression, and elevated Bcl-2 expression, suggesting that EGCG may possess free radical-scavenging properties, thus increasing cell viability. In conclusion, EGCG may be able to protect against UVB-induced HLECs apoptosis through the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway, indicating its potential application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxin Wu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250002, P.R. China
| | - Jike Song
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250002, P.R. China
| | - Yan'e Gao
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250002, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Zou
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250002, P.R. China
| | - Junguo Guo
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250002, P.R. China
| | - Xiuyan Zhang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250002, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250002, P.R. China
| | - Dadong Guo
- College of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Jinan, Shandong 250002, P.R. China
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250002, P.R. China
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Wishart TFL, Flokis M, Shu DY, Das SJ, Lovicu FJ. Hallmarks of lens aging and cataractogenesis. Exp Eye Res 2021; 210:108709. [PMID: 34339681 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lens homeostasis and transparency are dependent on the function and intercellular communication of its epithelia. While the lens epithelium is uniquely equipped with functional repair systems to withstand reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative insult, ROS are not necessarily detrimental to lens cells. Lens aging, and the onset of pathogenesis leading to cataract share an underlying theme; a progressive breakdown of oxidative stress repair systems driving a pro-oxidant shift in the intracellular environment, with cumulative ROS-induced damage to lens cell biomolecules leading to cellular dysfunction and pathology. Here we provide an overview of our current understanding of the sources and essential functions of lens ROS, antioxidative defenses, and changes in the major regulatory systems that serve to maintain the finely tuned balance of oxidative signaling vs. oxidative stress in lens cells. Age-related breakdown of these redox homeostasis systems in the lens leads to the onset of cataractogenesis. We propose eight candidate hallmarks that represent common denominators of aging and cataractogenesis in the mammalian lens: oxidative stress, altered cell signaling, loss of proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulated ion homeostasis, cell senescence, genomic instability and intrinsic apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Flokis
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daisy Y Shu
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear. Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shannon J Das
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank J Lovicu
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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25
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Jin Z, Zhu Z. The role of TRIM proteins in PRR signaling pathways and immune-related diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107813. [PMID: 34126340 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a kind of recognition molecules mainly expressed on innate immune cells. PRRs recognize one or more kinds of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), inducing the production of interleukin (IL), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon (IFN) and other related cytokines to aggravate immune-related diseases. PPR signaling pathways play an important role in both innate and adaptive immune system, and they are easy to be activated or regulated. Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are a group of highly conserved proteins in structure. Most of TRIM proteins contain RING domain, which is thought to play a role in ubiquitination. TRIM proteins are involved in viral immunity, inflammatory response, autophagy, and tumor growth. In this review, we focus on the regulation of TRIM proteins on PRR signaling pathways and their roles in immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jin
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern, Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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26
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The Involvement of Ubiquitination Machinery in Cell Cycle Regulation and Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115754. [PMID: 34072267 PMCID: PMC8198665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle is a collection of events by which cellular components such as genetic materials and cytoplasmic components are accurately divided into two daughter cells. The cell cycle transition is primarily driven by the activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which activities are regulated by the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of key regulators such as cyclins, CDK inhibitors (CKIs), other kinases and phosphatases. Thus, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of the cell cycle progression via recognition, interaction, and ubiquitination or deubiquitination of key proteins. The illegitimate degradation of tumor suppressor or abnormally high accumulation of oncoproteins often results in deregulation of cell proliferation, genomic instability, and cancer occurrence. In this review, we demonstrate the diversity and complexity of the regulation of UPS machinery of the cell cycle. A profound understanding of the ubiquitination machinery will provide new insights into the regulation of the cell cycle transition, cancer treatment, and the development of anti-cancer drugs.
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Jing R, Ma B, Qi T, Hu C, Liao C, Wen C, Shao Y, Pei C. Long Noncoding RNA OIP5-AS1 Promotes Cell Apoptosis and Cataract Formation by Blocking POLG Expression Under Oxidative Stress. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:3. [PMID: 33006594 PMCID: PMC7545078 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.12.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cataract, a clouding of the intraocular lens, is the leading cause of blindness. The lens-expressed long noncoding RNA OIP5-AS1 was upregulated in lens epithelial cells from patients with cataracts, suggesting its pathogenic role in cataracts. We investigated the regulatory role of OIP5-AS1 in the development of cataracts as well as potential RNA binding proteins, downstream target genes, and upstream transcription factors. Methods Clinical capsules and ex vivo and in vitro cataract models were used to test OIP5-AS1 expression. Cell apoptosis was detected using Western blots, JC-1 staining, and flow cytometry. Ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation-qPCR was performed to confirm the interaction of OIP5-AS1 and POLG. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR was used to determine the binding of TFAP2A and the OIP5-AS1 promoter region. Results OIP5-AS1 was upregulated in cataract lenses and B3 cells under oxidative stress. OIP5-AS1 knockdown protected B3 cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis and alleviated lens opacity in the ex vivo cataract model. HuR functioned as a scaffold carrying OIP5-AS1 and POLG mRNA and mediated the decay of POLG mRNA. POLG was downregulated in the cataract lens and oxidative-stressed B3 cells, and POLG depletion decreased the mtDNA copy number and MMP, increased reactive oxygen species production, and sensitized B3 cells to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. POLG overexpression reversed these effects. TFAP2A bound the OIP5-AS1 promoter and contributed to OIP5-AS1 expression. Conclusions We demonstrated that OIP5-AS1, activated by TFAP2A, contributed to cataract formation by inhibiting POLG expression mediated by HuR, thus leading to increased apoptosis of lens epithelial cells and aggravated lens opacity, suggesting that OIP5-AS1 is a potential target for cataract treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Jing
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tiantian Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Conghui Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chongbing Liao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chan Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongping Shao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cheng Pei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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5‑Nitro‑2‑(3‑phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid induces apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells via reactive oxygen species and endoplasmic reticulum stress through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:59. [PMID: 33604681 PMCID: PMC7910017 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataracts have a high incidence and prevalence rate worldwide, and they are the leading cause of blindness. Lens epithelial cell (LEC) apoptosis is often analysed in cataract research since it is the pathological basis of cataracts, except for congenital cataract. Chloride channels are present in ocular tissues, such as in trabecular cells, LECs and other cells. They serve an important role in apoptosis and participate in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress. However, their role in the apoptosis of LECs has not been discussed. The present study examined the effects of the chloride channel blocker 5‑nitro‑2‑(3‑phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB) in human LECs (HLECs) to elucidate the role of NPPB in HLECs and investigate the role and mechanism of chloride channels in cataract formation. HLECs were exposed to NPPB. Cell survival rate was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit‑8 assays. Oxidative stress was detected as reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells by using a ROS assay kit. Apoptosis was examined by assessing mitochondrial membrane potential and using a JC‑1 assay kit, and western blot analysis was performed to measure the expression levels of mitochondrial‑dependent apoptosis pathway‑associated proteins. ER stress was evaluated by determining the intracellular calcium ion fluorescence intensity, and western blot analysis was performed to measure ER stress‑associated protein expression. The results revealed that NPPB treatment decreased the viability of HLECs and increased apoptosis. Additionally, NPPB increased intracellular ROS levels, as well as the number of JC‑1 monomers and the protein expression levels of B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2)‑associated X and cleaved caspase‑3, and decreased Bcl‑2 protein expression. NPPB increased intracellular calcium ions, the protein expression levels of activating transcription factor 6, JNK, C/EBP homologous protein and caspase‑12, and the phosphorylation of protein kinase R‑like endoplasmic reticulum kinase. N‑acetylcysteine and 4‑phenylbutyric acid inhibited NPPB‑induced oxidative stress, ER stress and apoptosis. Therefore, NPPB treatment decreased cell viability and promoted apoptosis of HLECs via the promotion of oxidative and ER stress.
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Pan M, Blattner C. Regulation of p53 by E3s. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:745. [PMID: 33670160 PMCID: PMC7916862 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 40 years of research on p53 have given us tremendous knowledge about this protein. Today we know that p53 plays a role in different biological processes such as proliferation, invasion, pluripotency, metabolism, cell cycle control, ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, apoptosis, inflammation and autophagy. In the nucleus, p53 functions as a bona-fide transcription factor which activates and represses transcription of a number of target genes. In the cytoplasm, p53 can interact with proteins of the apoptotic machinery and by this also induces cell death. Despite being so important for the fate of the cell, expression levels of p53 are kept low in unstressed cells and the protein is largely inactive. The reason for the low expression level is that p53 is efficiently degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system and the vast inactivity of the tumor suppressor protein under normal growth conditions is due to the absence of activating and the presence of inactivating posttranslational modifications. E3s are important enzymes for these processes as they decorate p53 with ubiquitin and small ubiquitin-like proteins and by this control p53 degradation, stability and its subcellular localization. In this review, we provide an overview about E3s that target p53 and discuss the connection between p53, E3s and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Blattner
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems—Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, PO-box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany;
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CircMRE11A_013 binds to UBXN1 and integrates ATM activation enhancing lens epithelial cells senescence in age-related cataract. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5383-5402. [PMID: 33508783 PMCID: PMC7950295 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation could trigger DNA double-strand breaks (DDSBs) and senescence in lens epithelial cells (LECs), thus inducing age-related cortical cataract (ARCC) formation. Cell-cycle irreversible arrest induced by DDSBs depended on excessive activation of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM). We studied the up-regulated circular RNA circMRE11A_013 (circMRE11A) in LECs of ARCC and SRA01/04 cell lines under UVB exposure. In vitro, knockdown of circMRE11A in SRA01/04 cell lines enhanced cell viability and cell cycle, while over-expression of circMRE11A exhibited an opposite trend. Additionally, circMRE11A could bind to UBX domain-containing protein 1 (UBXN1), which might enhance excessive activation of ATM and initiate ATM/p53/p21 signaling pathway causing LECs cell-cycle arrest and senescence. In vivo, recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors (rAAV-2) virions of circMRE11A (circMRE11A-AAV2) was injected to Institute of Cancer Research mouse vitreous cavity. The circMRE11A-AAV2 could express in mouse lens at 4 weeks. The LECs aging and opacity lens were observed at 8 weeks after the injection. Together, our findings reveal a previously unidentified role of circMRE11A interacting with UBXN1 in enhancing ATM activity and inhibiting LECs cell-cycle in ARCC formation. The findings might give us a better understanding of ARC pathology and provide a novel and more effective therapeutic approaches for ARC treatment.
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Zhang XH, Zhao HY, Wang Y, Di L, Liu XY, Qian F, Liu SR. Zenglv Fumai Granule protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis via inhibiting TRIM28 expression. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:171. [PMID: 33398366 PMCID: PMC7821356 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MIR) injury, which occurs following acute myocardial infarction, can cause secondary damage to the heart. Tripartite interaction motif (TRIM) proteins, a class of E3 ubiquitin ligases, have been recognized as critical regulators in MIR injury. Zenglv Fumai Granule (ZFG) is a clinical prescription for the treatment of sick sinus syndrome, a disease that is associated with MIR injury. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ZFG on MIR injury and to determine whether ZFG exerts its effects via regulation of TRIM proteins. In order to establish an in vitro MIR model, human cardiomyocyte cell line AC16 was cultured under hypoxia for 5 h and then under normal conditions for 1 h. Following hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment, these cells were cultured with different ZFG concentrations. ZFG notably inhibited H/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The expression levels of four TRIM proteins, TRIM7, TRIM14, TRIM22 and TRIM28, were also detected. These four proteins were significantly upregulated in H/R-injured cardiomyocytes, whereas their expression was inhibited following ZFG treatment. Moreover, TRIM28 knockdown inhibited H/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, whereas TRIM28 overexpression promoted apoptosis and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiomyocytes. However, the effects of TRIM28 overexpression were limited by the action of ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine. In addition, the mRNA and protein levels of antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPX)1 were significantly downregulated in H/R-injured cardiomyocytes. TRIM28 knockdown restored GPX1 protein levels but had no effect on mRNA expression levels. Co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays demonstrated that TRIM28 negatively regulated GPX1 via ubiquitination. In sum, the present study revealed that ZFG attenuated H/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by regulating the TRIM28/GPX1/ROS pathway. ZFG and TRIM28 offer potential therapeutic options for the treatment of MIR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Clinical Hospital of Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhao
- Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology Evaluation Center, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology Evaluation Center, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lin Di
- Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology Evaluation Center, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Liu
- Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology Evaluation Center, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Feng Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Clinical Hospital of Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Rong Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Clinical Hospital of Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Zhan W, Zhang S. TRIM proteins in lung cancer: Mechanisms, biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Life Sci 2021; 268:118985. [PMID: 33412211 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The tripartite motif (TRIM) family is defined by the presence of a Really Interesting New Gene (RING) domain, one or two B-box motifs and a coiled-coil region. TRIM proteins play key roles in many biological processes, including innate immunity, tumorigenesis, cell differentiation and ontogenetic development. Alterations in TRIM gene and protein levels frequently emerge in a wide range of tumors and affect tumor progression. As canonical E3 ubiquitin ligases, TRIM proteins participate in ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of prominent components of the p53, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. The occurrence of ubiquitylation events induced by TRIM proteins sustains internal balance between tumor suppressive and tumor promoting genes. In this review, we summarized the diverse mechanism of TRIM proteins responsible for the most common malignancy, lung cancer. Furthermore, we also discussed recent progress in both the diagnosis and therapeutics of tumors contributed by TRIM proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhan
- Ecology and Health Institute, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Song Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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He X, Xie W, Li H, Cui Y, Wang Y, Guo X, Sha J. The testis-specifically expressed gene Trim69 is not essential for fertility in mice. J Biomed Res 2021; 35:47-60. [PMID: 33273151 PMCID: PMC7874274 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.34.20200069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination is essential for diverse cellular functions including spermatogenesis. The tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins, most of which have E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, are highly conserved in mammals. They are involved in important cellular processes such as embryonic development, immunity, and fertility. Our previous studies indicated that Trim69, a testis-specific expressed TRIM family gene, potentially participates in the spermatogenesis by mediating testicular cells apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the biological functions of Trim69 in male mice by established Trim69 knockout mice with CRISPR/Cas9 genomic editing technology. Here, we reported that the male Trim69 knockout mice had normal fertility. The adult knockout mice have shown that the appearance of testes, testis/body weight ratios, testicular histomorphology, and the number and quality of sperm were consistent with wild-type mice. These results indicated that the E3 ubiquitin ligase protein Trim69 was not essential for male mouse fertility, and it might be compensated by other TRIM family members such as Trim58 in Trim69-deficiency testis. This study would help to elucidate the functions of tripartite motif protein family and the regulation of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Wenxiu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Huiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yiqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Ya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Jiahao Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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Chen X, Li P, Zhang G, Kang L, Qin B, Mao X, Qin M, Cao Y, Wang Y, Guan H. Comprehensive Profiling of Proteome and Ubiquitome Changes in Human Lens Epithelial Cell Line after Ultraviolet-B Irradiation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:32171-32182. [PMID: 33376855 PMCID: PMC7758888 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UVB) is a recognized risk factor for age-related cataract (ARC) and can cause various changes, including ubiquitination, in lens epithelial cells (LECs). However, the relationship between ubiquitination and ARC is unclear. Herein, we used UVB-irradiated human lens epithelial cell line (SRA01/04) representing the cell model of ARC to investigate the profile changes in the proteome and ubiquitome. A total of 552 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and 871 differentially ubiquitinated proteins (DUPs) were identified, and 9 ubiquitination motifs were found. Bioinformatics analysis revealed diverse pathways and biological processes of differential proteins and several DNA damage repair proteins that were potentially mediated via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. We validated the decreased protein expression of DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB2 (POLR2B) in both human cataract capsule tissues and UVB-treated SRA01/04 cells and found that treatment with proteasome inhibitor (MG-132) could reverse the protein level of POLR2B in UVB-irradiated SRA01/04 cells. Our data provide novel information regarding protein expressions and ubiquitination modifications in UVB-induced oxidative damage model. This study might offer a cell-level reference to further investigate the pathogenesis of ARC.
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Liu J, Zhang C, Wang X, Hu W, Feng Z. Tumor suppressor p53 cross-talks with TRIM family proteins. Genes Dis 2020; 8:463-474. [PMID: 34179310 PMCID: PMC8209353 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is a key tumor suppressor. As a transcription factor, p53 accumulates in cells in response to various stress signals and selectively transcribes its target genes to regulate a wide variety of cellular stress responses to exert its function in tumor suppression. In addition to tumor suppression, p53 is also involved in many other physiological and pathological processes, e.g. anti-infection, immune response, development, reproduction, neurodegeneration and aging. To maintain its proper function, p53 is under tight and delicate regulation through different mechanisms, particularly the posttranslational modifications. The tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins are a large group of proteins characterized by the RING, B-Box and coiled-coil (RBCC) domains at the N-terminus. TRIM proteins play important roles in regulation of many fundamental biological processes, including cell proliferation and death, DNA repair, transcription, and immune response. Alterations of TRIM proteins have been linked to many diseases including cancer, infectious diseases, developmental disorders, and neurodegeneration. Interestingly, recent studies have revealed that many TRIM proteins are involved in the regulation of p53, and at the same time, many TRIM proteins are also regulated by p53. Here, we review the cross-talk between p53 and TRIM proteins, and its impact upon cellular biological processes as well as cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Cen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Wenwei Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Zhaohui Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
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Yang Y, Xu X, Liu Q, Huang H, Huang X, Lv H. Myricetin Prevents Cataract Formation by Inhibiting the Apoptotic Cell Death Mediated Cataractogenesis. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922519. [PMID: 32335580 PMCID: PMC7199429 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current research work aimed to explore the protective role of myricetin against cataractogenesis in humans, in terms of its anti-apoptotic potential. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human eye lens epithelial cells were exposed to oxidative stress by treating with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) were determined using standard detection kits. DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole), AO/EB (acridine orange/ethidium bromide) and Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining assays were used for the assessment of cell apoptosis. Western blotting was used to examine the protein concentrations. RESULTS The exposure of human epithelial eye lens cells to H₂O₂ led to significant accumulation of reactive oxygen species molecules. Treatment of the H₂O₂-stressed epithelial cells with myricetin caused significant (P<0.05) increased levels of SOD, CAT, and GSH. Western blot analysis also showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in the expression of SOD, CAT, and GSH levels in human epithelial eye lens cells. Additionally, myricetin administration to H₂O₂-treated epithelial eye lens cells caused a significant decline in cell apoptosis ratio. The induction of apoptosis was associated with upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed the potential of myricetin in protecting the apoptosis driven cataract formation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanchong Central Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College), Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanchong Central Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College), Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanchong Central Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College), Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanchong Central Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College), Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xuewen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanchong Central Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College), Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
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Sun Y, Rong X, Li D, Lu Y, Ji Y. NF-κB/Cartilage Acidic Protein 1 Promotes Ultraviolet B Irradiation-Induced Apoptosis of Human Lens Epithelial Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:513-521. [PMID: 31999475 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.5086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) is a characteristic change that occurs during the development of cataracts. Ultraviolet B (UVB) is known to induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in HLECs, and thus cause cataracts. Previously, we reported the functions of cartilage acidic protein 1 (CRTAC1) in UVB-treated HLECs. However, the underlying mechanism was not known. In this study, we found that CRTAC1 expression and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 nuclear translocation were elevated in capsule tissues of cataract patients in comparison with normal controls. The NF-κB inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), alleviated UVB-induced apoptosis in HLECs; while activation of NF-κB suppressed the effects of the ROS inhibitor, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), on UVB-treated HLECs. The expression and promoter activity of CRTAC1 was inhibited by PDTC and NAC. Moreover, the suppressed effects of CRTAC1 knockdown on UVB-induced ROS generation, cell apoptosis, nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, and p38 phosphorylation were attenuated by a p38 agonist. In contrast, the p38 inhibitor abolished the promotional effects of CRTAC1 overexpression on HLECs. Taken together, our results for the first time show that NF-κB is a potential transcription factor for CRTAC1. The regulatory network involving NF-κB, CRTAC1, and p38 may therefore play an important role in cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianfang Rong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghong Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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38
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Bang S, Kaur S, Kurokawa M. Regulation of the p53 Family Proteins by the Ubiquitin Proteasomal Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E261. [PMID: 31905981 PMCID: PMC6981958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 and its homologues, p63 and p73, play a pivotal role in the regulation of the DNA damage response, cellular homeostasis, development, aging, and metabolism. A number of mouse studies have shown that a genetic defect in the p53 family could lead to spontaneous tumor development, embryonic lethality, or severe tissue abnormality, indicating that the activity of the p53 family must be tightly regulated to maintain normal cellular functions. While the p53 family members are regulated at the level of gene expression as well as post-translational modification, they are also controlled at the level of protein stability through the ubiquitin proteasomal pathway. Over the last 20 years, many ubiquitin E3 ligases have been discovered that directly promote protein degradation of p53, p63, and p73 in vitro and in vivo. Here, we provide an overview of such E3 ligases and discuss their roles and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manabu Kurokawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA; (S.B.); (S.K.)
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39
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Xiang J, Chen Q, Kang L, Zhang G, Wang Y, Qin B, Wu J, Zhou T, Han Y, Guan H. LncRNA PLCD3-OT1 Functions as a CeRNA to Prevent Age-Related Cataract by Sponging miR-224-5p and Regulating PLCD3 Expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 60:4670-4680. [PMID: 31725166 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-27211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Fengcheng Hospital, Fengxian District, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Chen
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lihua Kang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bai Qin
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianqiu Zhou
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongzhao Han
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huaijin Guan
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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40
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Li LJ, Zheng JC, Kang R, Yan JQ. Targeting Trim69 alleviates high fat diet (HFD)-induced hippocampal injury in mice by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation through ASK1 inactivation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 515:658-664. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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41
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Liu Y, Tavana O, Gu W. p53 modifications: exquisite decorations of the powerful guardian. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 11:564-577. [PMID: 31282934 PMCID: PMC6736412 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The last 40 years have witnessed how p53 rose from a viral binding protein to a central factor in both stress responses and tumor suppression. The exquisite regulation of p53 functions is of vital importance for cell fate decisions. Among the multiple layers of mechanisms controlling p53 function, posttranslational modifications (PTMs) represent an efficient and precise way. Major p53 PTMs include phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, and methylation. Meanwhile, other PTMs like sumoylation, neddylation, O-GlcNAcylation, adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation, hydroxylation, and β-hydroxybutyrylation are also shown to play various roles in p53 regulation. By independent action or interaction, PTMs affect p53 stability, conformation, localization, and binding partners. Deregulation of the PTM-related pathway is among the major causes of p53-associated developmental disorders or diseases, especially in cancers. This review focuses on the roles of different p53 modification types and shows how these modifications are orchestrated to produce various outcomes by modulating p53 activities or targeted to treat different diseases caused by p53 dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Liu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Omid Tavana
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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