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Goričar K, Debevec T, Dolžan V, Martin A, Pialoux V, Millet GP, Osredkar D. Antioxidant and neurodevelopmental gene polymorphisms in prematurely born individuals influence hypoxia-related oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14956. [PMID: 38942829 PMCID: PMC11213937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Preterm born (PTB) infants are at risk for injuries related to oxidative stress. We investigated the association between antioxidant and neurodevelopmental gene polymorphisms and oxidative stress parameters in PTB male young adults and their term-born counterparts at rest and during exercise. Healthy young PTB (N = 22) and full-term (N = 15) males underwent graded exercise tests in normobaric normoxic (FiO2 = 0.21) and hypoxic (FiO2 = 0.13) conditions. CAT rs1001179 was associated with decrease in nitrites in the whole group and in PTB individuals (P = 0.017 and P = 0.043, respectively). GPX1 rs1050450 was associated with decrease in ferric reducing antioxidant power in the whole group and in full-term individuals (P = 0.017 and P = 0.021, respectively). HIF1A rs11549465 was associated with decrease in nitrotyrosine and increase in malondialdehyde (P = 0.022 and P = 0.018, respectively). NOTCH4 rs367398 was associated with increase in advanced oxidation protein products and nitrites (P = 0.002 and P = 0.004, respectively) in hypoxia. In normoxia, NOTCH4 rs367398 was associated with increase in malondialdehyde in the whole group (P = 0.043). BDNF rs6265 was associated with decreased nitrites/nitrates in the whole group and in PTB individuals (P = 0.009 and P = 0.043, respectively). Polymorphisms in investigated genes and PTB might influence oxidative stress response after exercise in normoxic or hypoxic conditions far beyond the neonatal period in young male adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Goričar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Debevec
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Automatics, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Agnès Martin
- Univ Lyon, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA 7424, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Univ Lyon, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA 7424, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Damjan Osredkar
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20, 1525, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Center for Developmental Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Manferdelli G, Narang BJ, Bourdillon N, Debevec T, Millet GP. Baroreflex sensitivity is blunted in hypoxia independently of changes in inspired carbon dioxide pressure in prematurely born male adults. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15857. [PMID: 38172085 PMCID: PMC10764294 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Premature birth may result in specific cardiovascular responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia, that might hamper high-altitude acclimatization. This study investigated the consequences of premature birth on baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) under hypoxic, hypobaric and hypercapnic conditions. Seventeen preterm born males (gestational age, 29 ± 1 weeks), and 17 age-matched term born adults (40 ± 0 weeks) underwent consecutive 6-min stages breathing different oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations at both sea-level and high-altitude (3375 m). Continuous blood pressure and ventilatory parameters were recorded in normobaric normoxia (NNx), normobaric normoxic hypercapnia (NNx + CO2 ), hypobaric hypoxia (HHx), hypobaric normoxia (HNx), hypobaric normoxia hypercapnia (HNx + CO2 ), and hypobaric hypoxia with end-tidal CO2 clamped at NNx value (HHx + clamp). BRS was assessed using the sequence method. Across all conditions, BRS was lower in term born compared to preterm (13.0 ± 7.5 vs. 21.2 ± 8.8 ms⋅mmHg-1 , main group effect: p < 0.01) participants. BRS was lower in HHx compared to NNx in term born (10.5 ± 4.9 vs. 16.0 ± 6.0 ms⋅mmHg-1 , p = 0.05), but not in preterm (27.3 ± 15.7 vs. 17.6 ± 8.3 ms⋅mmHg-1 , p = 0.43) participants, leading to a lower BRS in HHx in term born compared to preterm (p < 0.01). In conclusion, this study reports a blunted response of BRS during acute high-altitude exposure without any influence of changes in inspired CO2 in healthy prematurely born adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin J. Narang
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and RoboticsJožef Stefan InstituteLjubljanaSlovenia
- Faculty of SportUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | | | - Tadej Debevec
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and RoboticsJožef Stefan InstituteLjubljanaSlovenia
- Faculty of SportUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
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Zhao Z, Xu X, Chang Y, Xu Y, Zhou X, Su H, Cui X, Wan X, Mao G. Protective effect of mussel polysaccharide on cyclophosphamide-induced intestinal oxidative stress injury via Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4233-4245. [PMID: 37457170 PMCID: PMC10345665 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The hard-shelled mussel (Mytilus coruscus) has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine and health food in China for centuries. Polysaccharides from mussel has been reported to have multiple biological functions, however, it remains unclear whether mussel polysaccharide (MP) exerts protective effects in intestinal functions, and the underlying mechanisms of action remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects and mechanism of MP on intestinal oxidative injury in mice. In this study, 40 male BALB/C mice were used, with 30 utilized to produce an animal model of intestinal oxidative injury with intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (Cy) for four consecutive days. The protective effects of two different doses of MP (300 and 600 mg/kg) were assessed by investigating the change in body weight, visceral index, and observing colon histomorphology. Moreover, the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated by measuring the antioxidant enzymes and related signaling molecules through ELISA, real-time PCR, and western blot methods. The results showed that MP pretreatment effectively protected the intestinal from Cy-induced injury: improved the colon tissue morphology and villus structure, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum and colon tissues. Meanwhile, MP also significantly increased the expression levels of SOD, GSH-Px, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA in colon tissues. Further, western blot results showed that the expression of Nrf2 protein was significantly upregulated while kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) was significantly downregulated by MP in the colonic tissues. This study indicates that MP can ameliorate Cy-induced oxidative stress injury in mice, and Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway may mediate these protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen‐Lei Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of GeriatricsZhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐Gang Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of GeriatricsZhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Yun‐Chuang Chang
- College of Biological and Food EngineeringHubei Minzu UniversityEnshiChina
| | - Yi‐Peng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC)Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Xu‐Qiang Zhou
- College of Life ScienceZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Hui‐Li Su
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of GeriatricsZhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐Hua Cui
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of GeriatricsZhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐Qing Wan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of GeriatricsZhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Gen‐Xiang Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of GeriatricsZhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
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Manferdelli G, Narang BJ, Pialoux V, Giardini G, Debevec T, Millet GP. Microvascular and oxidative stress responses to acute high-altitude exposure in prematurely born adults. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6860. [PMID: 37100885 PMCID: PMC10133287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature birth is associated with endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction, and chronic oxidative stress, which might impair the physiological responses to acute altitude exposure. We assessed peripheral and oxidative stress responses to acute high-altitude exposure in preterm adults compared to term born controls. Post-occlusive skeletal muscle microvascular reactivity and oxidative capacity from the muscle oxygen consumption recovery rate constant (k) were determined by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in the vastus lateralis of seventeen preterm and seventeen term born adults. Measurements were performed at sea-level and within 1 h of arrival at high-altitude (3375 m). Plasma markers of pro/antioxidant balance were assessed in both conditions. Upon acute altitude exposure, compared to sea-level, preterm participants exhibited a lower reperfusion rate (7 ± 31% vs. 30 ± 30%, p = 0.046) at microvascular level, but higher k (6 ± 32% vs. -15 ± 21%, p = 0.039), than their term born peers. The altitude-induced increases in plasma advanced oxidation protein products and catalase were higher (35 ± 61% vs. -13 ± 48% and 67 ± 64% vs. 15 ± 61%, p = 0.034 and p = 0.010, respectively) and in xanthine oxidase were lower (29 ± 82% vs. 159 ± 162%, p = 0.030) in preterm compared to term born adults. In conclusion, the blunted microvascular responsiveness, larger increases in oxidative stress and skeletal muscle oxidative capacity may compromise altitude acclimatization in healthy adults born preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Manferdelli
- Institute of Sport Sciences (ISSUL), University of Lausanne, Synathlon, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Benjamin J Narang
- Department of Automatics, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de La Motricité UR 7424, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008, Lyon, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Guido Giardini
- Mountain Medicine and Neurology Centre, Valle D'Aosta Regional Hospital, Aosta, Italy
| | - Tadej Debevec
- Department of Automatics, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences (ISSUL), University of Lausanne, Synathlon, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Response to Comment on: “The Effect of Preterm Birth on Maximal Aerobic Exercise Capacity and Lung Function in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. Sports Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Comment on “The Effect of Preterm Birth on Maximal Aerobic Exercise Capacity and Lung Function in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. Sports Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Deutsch L, Debevec T, Millet GP, Osredkar D, Opara S, Šket R, Murovec B, Mramor M, Plavec J, Stres B. Urine and Fecal 1H-NMR Metabolomes Differ Significantly between Pre-Term and Full-Term Born Physically Fit Healthy Adult Males. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060536. [PMID: 35736470 PMCID: PMC9228004 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth (before 37 weeks gestation) accounts for ~10% of births worldwide and remains one of the leading causes of death in children under 5 years of age. Preterm born adults have been consistently shown to be at an increased risk for chronic disorders including cardiovascular, endocrine/metabolic, respiratory, renal, neurologic, and psychiatric disorders that result in increased death risk. Oxidative stress was shown to be an important risk factor for hypertension, metabolic syndrome and lung disease (reduced pulmonary function, long-term obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory infections, and sleep disturbances). The aim of this study was to explore the differences between preterm and full-term male participants' levels of urine and fecal proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) metabolomes, during rest and exercise in normoxia and hypoxia and to assess general differences in human gut-microbiomes through metagenomics at the level of taxonomy, diversity, functional genes, enzymatic reactions, metabolic pathways and predicted gut metabolites. Significant differences existed between the two groups based on the analysis of 1H-NMR urine and fecal metabolomes and their respective metabolic pathways, enabling the elucidation of a complex set of microbiome related metabolic biomarkers, supporting the idea of distinct host-microbiome interactions between the two groups and enabling the efficient classification of samples; however, this could not be directed to specific taxonomic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Deutsch
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.D.); (S.O.)
| | - Tadej Debevec
- Faculty of Sports, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregoire P. Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Damjan Osredkar
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Opara
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.D.); (S.O.)
| | - Robert Šket
- Institute for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Boštjan Murovec
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jamova 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Minca Mramor
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Janez Plavec
- National Institute of Chemistry, NMR Center, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Blaz Stres
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.D.); (S.O.)
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-4156-7633
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Narang BJ, Manferdelli G, Millet GP, Debevec T. Respiratory responses to hypoxia during rest and exercise in individuals born pre-term: a state-of-the-art review. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1991-2003. [PMID: 35589858 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04965-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The pre-term birth survival rate has increased considerably in recent decades, and research investigating the long-term effects of premature birth is growing. Moreover, altitude sojourns are increasing in popularity and are often accompanied by various levels of physical activity. Individuals born pre-term appear to exhibit altered acute ventilatory responses to hypoxia, potentially predisposing them to high-altitude illness. These impairments are likely due to the use of perinatal hyperoxia stunting the maturation of carotid body chemoreceptors, but may also be attributed to limited lung diffusion capacity and/or gas exchange inefficiency. Aerobic exercise capacity also appears to be reduced in this population. This may relate to the aforementioned respiratory impairments, or could be due to physiological limitations in pulmonary blood flow or at the exercising muscle (e.g. mitochondrial efficiency). However, surprisingly, the debilitative effects of exercise when performed at altitude do not seem to be exacerbated by premature birth. In fact, it is reasonable to speculate that pre-term birth could protect against the consequences of exercise combined with hypoxia. The mechanisms that underlie this assertion might relate to differences in oxidative stress responses or in cardiopulmonary morphology in pre-term individuals, compared to their full-term counterparts. Further research is required to elucidate the independent effects of neonatal treatment, sex differences and chronic lung disease, and to establish causality in some of the proposed mechanisms that could underlie the differences discussed throughout this review. A more in-depth understanding of the acclimatisation responses to chronic altitude exposures would also help to inform appropriate interventions in this clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Narang
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Faculty for Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tadej Debevec
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty for Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Narang BJ, Manferdelli G, Kepic K, Sotiridis A, Osredkar D, Bourdillon N, Millet GP, Debevec T. Effects of Pre-Term Birth on the Cardio-Respiratory Responses to Hypoxic Exercise in Children. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12010079. [PMID: 35054472 PMCID: PMC8777779 DOI: 10.3390/life12010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-term birth is associated with numerous cardio-respiratory sequelae in children. Whether these impairments impact the responses to exercise in normoxia or hypoxia remains to be established. Fourteen prematurely-born (PREM) (Mean ± SD; gestational age 29 ± 2 weeks; age 9.5 ± 0.3 years), and 15 full-term children (CONT) (gestational age 39 ± 1 weeks; age 9.7 ± 0.9 years), underwent incremental exercise tests to exhaustion in normoxia (FiO2 = 20.9%) and normobaric hypoxia (FiO2 = 13.2%) on a cycle ergometer. Cardio-respiratory variables were measured throughout. Peak power output was higher in normoxia than hypoxia (103 ± 17 vs. 77 ± 18 W; p < 0.001), with no difference between CONT and PREM (94 ± 23 vs. 86 ± 19 W; p = 0.154). VO2peak was higher in normoxia than hypoxia in CONT (50.8 ± 7.2 vs. 43.8 ± 9.9 mL·kg-1·min-1; p < 0.001) but not in PREM (48.1 ± 7.5 vs. 45.0 ± 6.8 mL·kg-1·min-1; p = 0.137; interaction p = 0.044). Higher peak heart rate (187 ± 11 vs. 180 ± 10 bpm; p = 0.005) and lower stroke volume (72 ± 13 vs. 77 ± 14 mL; p = 0.004) were observed in normoxia versus hypoxia in CONT, with no such differences in PREM (p = 0.218 and >0.999, respectively). In conclusion, premature birth does not appear to exacerbate the negative effect of hypoxia on exercise capacity in children. Further research is warranted to identify whether prematurity elicits a protective effect, and to clarify the potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Narang
- Department of Automatics, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Giorgio Manferdelli
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.M.); (N.B.); (G.P.M.)
| | - Katja Kepic
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Alexandros Sotiridis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece;
| | - Damjan Osredkar
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Nicolas Bourdillon
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.M.); (N.B.); (G.P.M.)
- be.care SA, 1020 Renens, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P. Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.M.); (N.B.); (G.P.M.)
| | - Tadej Debevec
- Department of Automatics, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Millet GP, Debevec T, Brocherie F, Burtscher M, Burtscher J. Altitude and COVID-19: Friend or foe? A narrative review. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14615. [PMID: 33340275 PMCID: PMC7749581 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports suggest that high-altitude residence may be beneficial in the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) implicating that traveling to high places or using hypoxic conditioning thus could be favorable as well. Physiological high-altitude characteristics and symptoms of altitude illnesses furthermore seem similar to several pathologies associated with COVID-19. As a consequence, high altitude and hypoxia research and related clinical practices are discussed for potential applications in COVID-19 prevention and treatment. We summarize the currently available evidence on the relationship between altitude/hypoxia conditions and COVID-19 epidemiology and pathophysiology. The potential for treatment strategies used for altitude illnesses is evaluated. Symptomatic overlaps in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 induced ARDS and high altitude illnesses (i.e., hypoxemia, dyspnea…) have been reported but are also common to other pathologies (i.e., heart failure, pulmonary embolism, COPD…). Most treatments of altitude illnesses have limited value and may even be detrimental in COVID-19. Some may be efficient, potentially the corticosteroid dexamethasone. Physiological adaptations to altitude/hypoxia can exert diverse effects, depending on the constitution of the target individual and the hypoxic dose. In healthy individuals, they may optimize oxygen supply and increase mitochondrial, antioxidant, and immune system function. It is highly debated if these physiological responses to hypoxia overlap in many instances with SARS-CoV-2 infection and may exert preventive effects under very specific conditions. The temporal overlap of SARS-CoV-2 infection and exposure to altitude/hypoxia may be detrimental. No evidence-based knowledge is presently available on whether and how altitude/hypoxia may prevent, treat or aggravate COVID-19. The reported lower incidence and mortality of COVID-19 in high-altitude places remain to be confirmed. High-altitude illnesses and COVID-19 pathologies exhibit clear pathophysiological differences. While potentially effective as a prophylactic measure, altitude/hypoxia is likely associated with elevated risks for patients with COVID-19. Altogether, the different points discussed in this review are of possibly some relevance for individuals who aim to reach high-altitude areas. However, due to the ever-changing state of understanding of COVID-19, all points discussed in this review may be out of date at the time of its publication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tadej Debevec
- Faculty of SportUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
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Cardio-respiratory, oxidative stress and acute mountain sickness responses to normobaric and hypobaric hypoxia in prematurely born adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1341-1355. [PMID: 32270264 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04366-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We compared the effects of hypobaric and normobaric hypoxia on select cardio-respiratory responses, oxidative stress and acute mountain sickness (AMS) severity in prematurely born individuals, known to exhibit blunted hypoxic ventilatory response. METHODS Sixteen prematurely born but otherwise healthy males underwent two 8-h hypoxic exposures under: (1) hypobaric hypoxic [HH; terrestrial altitude 3840 m; PiO2:90.2 (0.5) mmHg; BP: 478 (2) mmHg] and (2) normobaric hypoxic [NH; PiO2:90.6 (0.9) mmHg; FiO2:0.142 (0.001)] condition. Resting values of capillary oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR) and blood pressure were measured before and every 2 h during the exposures. Ventilatory responses and middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (MCAv) were assessed at rest and during submaximal cycling before and at 4 and 8 h. Plasmatic levels of selected oxidative stress and antioxidant markers and AMS symptoms were also determined at these time points. RESULTS HH resulted in significantly lower resting (P = 0.010) and exercise (P = 0.004) SpO2 as compared to NH with no significant differences in the ventilatory parameters, HR or blood pressure. No significant differences between conditions were found in resting or exercising MCAv and measured oxidative stress markers. Significantly lower values of ferric-reducing antioxidant power (P = 0.037) were observed during HH as opposed to NH. AMS severity was higher at 8 h compared to baseline (P = 0.002) with no significant differences between conditions. CONCLUSION These data suggest that, in prematurely born adults, 8-h exposure to hypobaric, as opposed to normobaric hypoxia, provokes greater reductions in systemic oxygenation and antioxidant capacity. Further studies investigating prolonged hypobaric exposures in this population are warranted. REGISTRATION NCT02780908 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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