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Zhou Y, Fichman Y, Zhang S, Mittler R, Chen SJ. Modeling the reactive oxygen species (ROS) wave in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii colonies. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 222:165-172. [PMID: 38851517 PMCID: PMC11344667 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role as signaling molecules in both plant and animal cells, enabling rapid responses to various stimuli. Among the many cellular mechanisms used to generate and transduce ROS signals, ROS-induced-ROS release (RIRR) is emerging as an important pathway involved in the responses of various multicellular and unicellular organisms to environmental stresses. In RIRR, one cellular compartment, organelle, or cell generates or releases ROS, triggering an increased ROS production and release by another compartment, organelle, or cell, thereby giving rise to a fast propagating ROS wave. This RIRR-based signal relay has been demonstrated to facilitate mitochondria-to-mitochondria communication in animal cells and long-distance systemic signaling in plants in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. More recently, it has been discovered that different unicellular microorganism communities also exhibit a RIRR cell-to-cell signaling process triggered by a localized stress treatment. However, the precise mechanism underlying the propagation of the ROS signal among cells within these unicellular communities remained elusive. In this study, we employed a reaction-diffusion model incorporating the RIRR mechanism to analyze the propagation of ROS-mediated signals. By effectively balancing production and scavenging processes, our model successfully reproduces the experimental ROS signal velocities observed in unicellular green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) colonies grown on agar plates, furthering our understanding of intercellular ROS communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhe Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Yosef Fichman
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
| | - Sicheng Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Ron Mittler
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Shi-Jie Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Department of Biochemistry, MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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2
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Feltes BC, Alvares LDO. PARP1 in the intersection of different DNA repair pathways, memory formation, and sleep pressure in neurons. J Neurochem 2024; 168:2351-2362. [PMID: 38750651 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) is a bottleneck that connects different DNA pathways during a DNA damage response. Interestingly, PARP1 has a dualist role in neurons, acting as a neuroprotector and inducer of cell death in distinct neurological diseases. Recent studies significantly expanded our knowledge of how PARP1 regulates repair pathways in neurons and uncovered new roles for PARP1 in promoting sleep to enhance DNA repair. Likewise, PARP1 is deeply associated with memory consolidation, implying that it has multiple layers of regulation in the neural tissue. In this review, we critically discuss PARP1 recent advances in neurons, focusing on its interplay with different DNA repair mechanisms, memory, and sleep. Provocative questions about how oxidative damage is accessed, and different hypotheses about the molecular mechanisms influenced by PARP1 in neurons are presented to expand the debate of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno César Feltes
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of BiosciencesFederal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Oliveira Alvares
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of BiosciencesFederal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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3
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Robbins E, Wong B, Pwint MY, Salavatian S, Mahajan A, Cui XT. Improving Sensitivity and Longevity of In Vivo Glutamate Sensors with Electrodeposited NanoPt. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:40570-40580. [PMID: 39078097 PMCID: PMC11310907 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
In vivo glutamate sensing has provided valuable insight into the physiology and pathology of the brain. Electrochemical glutamate biosensors, constructed by cross-linking glutamate oxidase onto an electrode and oxidizing H2O2 as a proxy for glutamate, are the gold standard for in vivo glutamate measurements for many applications. While glutamate sensors have been employed ubiquitously for acute measurements, there are almost no reports of long-term, chronic glutamate sensing in vivo, despite demonstrations of glutamate sensors lasting for weeks in vitro. To address this, we utilized a platinum electrode with nanometer-scale roughness (nanoPt) to improve the glutamate sensors' sensitivity and longevity. NanoPt improved the GLU sensitivity by 67.4% and the sensors were stable in vitro for 3 weeks. In vivo, nanoPt glutamate sensors had a measurable signal above a control electrode on the same array for 7 days. We demonstrate the utility of the nanoPt sensors by studying the effect of traumatic brain injury on glutamate in the rat striatum with a flexible electrode array and report measurements of glutamate taken during the injury itself. We also show the flexibility of the nanoPt platform to be applied to other oxidase enzyme-based biosensors by measuring γ-aminobutyric acid in the porcine spinal cord. NanoPt is a simple, effective way to build high sensitivity, robust biosensors harnessing enzymes to detect neurotransmitters in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine
M. Robbins
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Benjamin Wong
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department
of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - May Yoon Pwint
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Center
for Neural Basis of Cognition, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Siamak Salavatian
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department
of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Aman Mahajan
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department
of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Xinyan Tracy Cui
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Center
for Neural Basis of Cognition, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- McGowan
Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United
States
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4
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Arturo Tozzi, Minella R. Dynamics and metabolic effects of intestinal gases in healthy humans. Biochimie 2024; 221:81-90. [PMID: 38325747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Many living beings use exogenous and/or endogenous gases to attain evolutionary benefits. We make a comprehensive assessment of one of the major gaseous reservoirs in the human body, i.e., the bowel, providing extensive data that may serve as reference for future studies. We assess the intestinal gases in healthy humans, including their volume, composition, source and local distribution in proximal as well as distal gut. We analyse each one of the most abundant intestinal gases including nitrogen, oxygen, nitric oxide, carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide and cyanide. For every gas, we describe diffusive patterns, active trans-barrier transport dynamics, chemical properties, intra-/extra-intestinal metabolic effects mediated by intracellular, extracellular, paracrine and distant actions. Further, we highlight the local and systemic roles of gasotransmitters, i.e., signalling gaseous molecules that can freely diffuse through the intestinal cellular membranes. Yet, we provide testable hypotheses concerning the still unknown effects of some intestinal gases on the myenteric and submucosal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Tozzi
- Center for Nonlinear Science, Department of Physics, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #311427, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA.
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5
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Longden TA, Lederer WJ. Electro-metabolic signaling. J Gen Physiol 2024; 156:e202313451. [PMID: 38197953 PMCID: PMC10783436 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Precise matching of energy substrate delivery to local metabolic needs is essential for the health and function of all tissues. Here, we outline a mechanistic framework for understanding this critical process, which we refer to as electro-metabolic signaling (EMS). All tissues exhibit changes in metabolism over varying spatiotemporal scales and have widely varying energetic needs and reserves. We propose that across tissues, common signatures of elevated metabolism or increases in energy substrate usage that exceed key local thresholds rapidly engage mechanisms that generate hyperpolarizing electrical signals in capillaries that then relax contractile elements throughout the vasculature to quickly adjust blood flow to meet changing needs. The attendant increase in energy substrate delivery serves to meet local metabolic requirements and thus avoids a mismatch in supply and demand and prevents metabolic stress. We discuss in detail key examples of EMS that our laboratories have discovered in the brain and the heart, and we outline potential further EMS mechanisms operating in tissues such as skeletal muscle, pancreas, and kidney. We suggest that the energy imbalance evoked by EMS uncoupling may be central to cellular dysfunction from which the hallmarks of aging and metabolic diseases emerge and may lead to generalized organ failure states-such as diverse flavors of heart failure and dementia. Understanding and manipulating EMS may be key to preventing or reversing these dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Longden
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Interactions, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W. Jonathan Lederer
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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6
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Suleimanov SK, Efremov YM, Klyucherev TO, Salimov EL, Ragimov AA, Timashev PS, Vlasova II. Radical-Generating Activity, Phagocytosis, and Mechanical Properties of Four Phenotypes of Human Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1860. [PMID: 38339139 PMCID: PMC10855323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the major players and orchestrators of inflammatory response. Expressed proteins and secreted cytokines have been well studied for two polar macrophage phenotypes-pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory regenerative M2, but little is known about how the polarization modulates macrophage functions. In this study, we used biochemical and biophysical methods to compare the functional activity and mechanical properties of activated human macrophages differentiated from monocyte with GM-CSF (M0_GM) and M-CSF (M0_M) and polarized into M1 and M2 phenotypes, respectively. Unlike GM-CSF, which generates dormant cells with low activity, M-CSF confers functional activity on macrophages. M0_M and M2 macrophages had very similar functional characteristics-high reactive oxygen species (ROS) production level, and higher phagocytosis and survival compared to M1, while M1 macrophages showed the highest radical-generating activity but the lowest phagocytosis and survival among all phenotypes. All phenotypes decreased their height upon activation, but only M1 and M2 cells increased in stiffness, which can indicate a decrease in the migration ability of these cells and changes in their interactions with other cells. Our results demonstrated that while mechanical properties differ between M0 and polarized cells, all four phenotypes of monocyte-derived macrophages differ in their functional activities, namely in cytokine secretion, ROS production, and phagocytosis. Within the broad continuum of human macrophages obtained in experimental models and existing in vivo, there is a diversity of phenotypes with varying combinations of both markers and functional activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakir K. Suleimanov
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.K.S.); (Y.M.E.); (T.O.K.); (P.S.T.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri M. Efremov
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.K.S.); (Y.M.E.); (T.O.K.); (P.S.T.)
| | - Timofey O. Klyucherev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.K.S.); (Y.M.E.); (T.O.K.); (P.S.T.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Emin L. Salimov
- Laboratory Blood Transfusion Complex, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.L.S.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Aligeydar A. Ragimov
- Laboratory Blood Transfusion Complex, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.L.S.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Peter S. Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.K.S.); (Y.M.E.); (T.O.K.); (P.S.T.)
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina I. Vlasova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.K.S.); (Y.M.E.); (T.O.K.); (P.S.T.)
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7
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Okoye CN, Koren SA, Wojtovich AP. Mitochondrial complex I ROS production and redox signaling in hypoxia. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102926. [PMID: 37871533 PMCID: PMC10598411 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are a main source of cellular energy. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the major process of aerobic respiration. Enzyme complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC) pump protons to generate a protonmotive force (Δp) that drives OXPHOS. Complex I is an electron entry point into the ETC. Complex I oxidizes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and transfers electrons to ubiquinone in a reaction coupled with proton pumping. Complex I also produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) under various conditions. The enzymatic activities of complex I can be regulated by metabolic conditions and serves as a regulatory node of the ETC. Complex I ROS plays diverse roles in cell metabolism ranging from physiologic to pathologic conditions. Progress in our understanding indicates that ROS release from complex I serves important signaling functions. Increasing evidence suggests that complex I ROS is important in signaling a mismatch in energy production and demand. In this article, we review the role of ROS from complex I in sensing acute hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie N Okoye
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Shon A Koren
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andrew P Wojtovich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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8
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Bekeschus S. Medical gas plasma technology: Roadmap on cancer treatment and immunotherapy. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102798. [PMID: 37556976 PMCID: PMC10433236 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite continuous therapeutic progress, cancer remains an often fatal disease. In the early 2010s, first evidence in rodent models suggested promising antitumor action of gas plasma technology. Medical gas plasma is a partially ionized gas depositing multiple physico-chemical effectors onto tissues, especially reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Today, an evergrowing body of experimental evidence suggests multifaceted roles of medical gas plasma-derived therapeutic ROS/RNS in targeting cancer alone or in combination with oncological treatment schemes such as ionizing radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Intriguingly, gas plasma technology was recently unraveled to have an immunological dimension by inducing immunogenic cell death, which could ultimately promote existing cancer immunotherapies via in situ or autologous tumor vaccine schemes. Together with first clinical evidence reporting beneficial effects in cancer patients following gas plasma therapy, it is time to summarize the main concepts along with the chances and limitations of medical gas plasma onco-therapy from a biological, immunological, clinical, and technological point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany; Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
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9
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Fichman Y, Rowland L, Oliver MJ, Mittler R. ROS are evolutionary conserved cell-to-cell stress signals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305496120. [PMID: 37494396 PMCID: PMC10400990 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305496120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication is fundamental to multicellular organisms and unicellular organisms living in a microbiome. It is thought to have evolved as a stress- or quorum-sensing mechanism in unicellular organisms. A unique cell-to-cell communication mechanism that uses reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a signal (termed the "ROS wave") was identified in flowering plants. This process is essential for systemic signaling and plant acclimation to stress and can spread from a small group of cells to the entire plant within minutes. Whether a similar signaling process is found in other organisms is however unknown. Here, we report that the ROS wave can be found in unicellular algae, amoeba, ferns, mosses, mammalian cells, and isolated hearts. We further show that this process can be triggered in unicellular and multicellular organisms by a local stress or H2O2 treatment and blocked by the application of catalase or NADPH oxidase inhibitors and that in unicellular algae it communicates important stress-response signals between cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that an active process of cell-to-cell ROS signaling, like the ROS wave, evolved before unicellular and multicellular organisms diverged. This mechanism could have communicated an environmental stress signal between cells and coordinated the acclimation response of many different cells living in a community. The finding of a signaling process, like the ROS wave, in mammalian cells further contributes to our understanding of different diseases and could impact the development of drugs that target for example cancer or heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Fichman
- Division of Plant Sciences and Technology, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65201
| | - Linda Rowland
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65201
| | - Melvin J. Oliver
- Division of Plant Sciences and Technology, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65201
| | - Ron Mittler
- Division of Plant Sciences and Technology, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65201
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65201
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10
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Zhu N, Xu J, Ma Q, Mao G, Zhang J, Li L, Liu S. A new lysosome-targeted fluorescent probe for hydrogen peroxide based on a benzothiazole derivative. Methods 2023; 215:38-45. [PMID: 37268033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important member of reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a key role in oxidative stress and cell signaling. Abnormal levels of H2O2 in lysosomes can induce damage or even loss of lysosomal function, leading to certain diseases. Therefore, real-time monitoring of H2O2 in lysosomes is very important. In this work, we designed and synthesized a novel lysosome-targeted fluorescent probe for H2O2-specific detection based on a benzothiazole derivative. A morpholine group was used as a lysosome-targeted unit and a boric acid ester was chosen as the reaction site. In the absence of H2O2, the probe exhibited very weak fluorescence. In the presence of H2O2, the probe showed an increased fluorescence emission. The fluorescence intensity of the probe for H2O2 displayed a good linear relationship in the concentration range of H2O2 from 8.0 × 10-7 to 2.0 × 10-4 mol·L-1. The detection limit was estimated to be 4.6 × 10-7 mol·L-1 for H2O2. The probe possessed high selectivity, good sensitivity and short response time for the detection of H2O2. Moreover, the probe had almost no cytotoxicity and had been successfully applied to confocal imaging of H2O2 in lysosomes of A549 cells. These results illustrated that the developed fluorescent probe in this study could provide a good tool for the determination of H2O2 in lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Junhong Xu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450011, PR China
| | - Qiujuan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Guojiang Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, PR China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Linke Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Shuzhen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
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11
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Duarte AC, Costa EC, Filipe HAL, Saraiva SM, Jacinto T, Miguel SP, Ribeiro MP, Coutinho P. Animal-derived products in science and current alternatives. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 151:213428. [PMID: 37146527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
More than fifty years after the 3Rs definition and despite the continuous implementation of regulatory measures, animals continue to be widely used in basic research. Their use comprises not only in vivo experiments with animal models, but also the production of a variety of supplements and products of animal origin for cell and tissue culture, cell-based assays, and therapeutics. The animal-derived products most used in basic research are fetal bovine serum (FBS), extracellular matrix proteins such as Matrigel™, and antibodies. However, their production raises several ethical issues regarding animal welfare. Additionally, their biological origin is associated with a high risk of contamination, resulting, frequently, in poor scientific data for clinical translation. These issues support the search for new animal-free products able to replace FBS, Matrigel™, and antibodies in basic research. In addition, in silico methodologies play an important role in the reduction of animal use in research by refining the data previously to in vitro and in vivo experiments. In this review, we depicted the current available animal-free alternatives in in vitro research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Duarte
- CPIRN/IPG - Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda (CPIRN/IPG), 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elisabete C Costa
- CPIRN/IPG - Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda (CPIRN/IPG), 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Hugo A L Filipe
- CPIRN/IPG - Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda (CPIRN/IPG), 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Sofia M Saraiva
- CPIRN/IPG - Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda (CPIRN/IPG), 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Telma Jacinto
- CPIRN/IPG - Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda (CPIRN/IPG), 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Sónia P Miguel
- CPIRN/IPG - Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda (CPIRN/IPG), 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maximiano P Ribeiro
- CPIRN/IPG - Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda (CPIRN/IPG), 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Paula Coutinho
- CPIRN/IPG - Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda (CPIRN/IPG), 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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12
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Sui Y, Jiang R, Niimi M, Hong J, Yan Q, Shi Z, Yao J. Development of Dietary Thiol Antioxidant via Reductive Modification of Whey Protein and Its Application in the Treatment of Ischemic Kidney Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:193. [PMID: 36671055 PMCID: PMC9854561 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiol antioxidants play important roles in cell and body defense against oxidative stress. In body fluid, albumin is the richest source of thiol antioxidants. One recent study showed that the reductive modification of thiol residues in albumin potentiated its antioxidative activity. Given that whey protein (WP) contains albumin and other thiol-active proteins, this property of WP could be exploited to develop novel thiol antioxidants. The aim of this study was to address this possibility. WP was reductively modified with dithiothreitol (DTT). The modified protein exhibited significantly elevated free sulfhydryl groups (-SH) and thiol antioxidative activity. It detoxified H2O2 and prevented H2O2-initiated protein oxidation and cell death in a -SH group-dependent way in vitro. In addition, it reacted with GSH/GSSG and altered the GSH/GSSG ratio via thiol-disulfide exchange. In vivo, oral administration of the reductively modified WP prevented oxidative stress and renal damage in a mouse model of renal injury caused by ischemia reperfusion. It significantly improved renal function, oxidation, inflammation, and cell injury. These protective effects were not observed in the WP control and were lost after blocking the -SH groups with maleimide. Furthermore, albumin, one of the ingredients of WP, also exhibited similar protective effects when reductively modified. In conclusion, the reductive modification of thiol residues in WP transformed it into a potent thiol antioxidant that protected kidneys from ischemia reperfusion injury. Given that oxidative stress underlies many life-threatening diseases, the reductively modified dietary protein could be used for the prevention and treatment of many oxidative-stress-related conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sui
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of the Advanced Biomedical Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo City 409-3898, Japan
| | - Rui Jiang
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of the Advanced Biomedical Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo City 409-3898, Japan
| | - Manabu Niimi
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo City 409-3898, Japan
| | - Jingru Hong
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of the Advanced Biomedical Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo City 409-3898, Japan
| | - Qiaojing Yan
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of the Advanced Biomedical Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo City 409-3898, Japan
| | - Zhuheng Shi
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of the Advanced Biomedical Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo City 409-3898, Japan
| | - Jian Yao
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of the Advanced Biomedical Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo City 409-3898, Japan
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The Combined Administration of Vitamin C and Copper Induces a Systemic Oxidative Stress and Kidney Injury. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010143. [PMID: 36671529 PMCID: PMC9856059 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid; AA) and copper (Cu2+) are well used supplements with many health-promoting actions. However, when they are used in combination, the Fenton reaction occurs, leading to the formation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals. Given that kidney is vulnerable to many toxicants including free radicals, we speculated that the in vivo administration of AA plus Cu2+ may cause oxidative kidney injury. The purpose of this study was to address this possibility. Mice were administered with AA and Cu2+, alone or in combination, via oral gavage once a day for various periods. Changes in the systemic oxidative status, as well renal structure and functions, were examined. The administration of AA plus Cu2+ elevated protein oxidation in serum, intestine, bladder, and kidney, as evidenced by the increased sulfenic acid formation and decreased level of free sulfhydryl groups (-SH). The systemic oxidative stress induced by AA plus Cu2+ was associated with a significant loss of renal function and structure, as indicated by the increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and urinary proteins, as well as glomerular and tubular cell injury. These effects of AA and Cu2+ were only observed when used in combination, and could be entirely prevented by thiol antioxidant NAC. Further analysis using cultured renal tubular epithelial cells revealed that AA plus Cu2+ caused cellular protein oxidation and cell death, which could be abolished by NAC and catalase. Moreover, coincubation of AA and Cu2+ led to H2O2 production. Collectively, our study revealed that a combined administration of AA and Cu2+ resulted in systemic oxidative stress and renal cell injury. As health-promoting supplements, AA and Cu2+ should not be used together.
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Redox-Activation of Neutrophils Induced by Pericardium Scaffolds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415468. [PMID: 36555108 PMCID: PMC9779008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantation of scaffolds causes a local inflammatory response whereby the early recruitment of neutrophils is of great importance not only for fighting the infection, but also for facilitating effective regeneration. We used luminol-dependent chemiluminescence, flow cytometry, ELISA, and confocal microscopy to assess the responses of neutrophils after the exposure to the scaffold-decellularized bovine pericardium (collagen type I) crosslinked with genipin (DBPG). We demonstrated that DBPG activated neutrophils in whole blood causing respiratory burst, myeloperoxidase (MPO) secretion, and formation of neutrophil extracellular trap-like structures (NETs). In addition, we studied platelets, another important player of the immediate immune host response. We found that platelets triggered redox-activation of isolated neutrophils by the pericardium scaffold, and likely participate in the NETs formation. Free radicals generated by neutrophils and hypochlorous acid produced by MPO are potent oxidizing agents which can oxidatively degrade biological structures. Understanding the mechanisms and consequences of redox activation of neutrophils by pericardium scaffolds is important for the development of new approaches to increase the efficiency of tissue regeneration.
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15
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Sousa T, Gouveia M, Travasso RD, Salvador A. How abundant are superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the vasculature lumen, how far can they reach? Redox Biol 2022; 58:102527. [PMID: 36335761 PMCID: PMC9640316 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracrine superoxide (O2•−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) signaling critically depends on these substances' concentrations, half-lives and transport ranges in extracellular media. Here we estimated these parameters for the lumen of human capillaries, arterioles and arteries using reaction-diffusion-advection models. These models considered O2•− and H2O2 production by endothelial cells and uptake by erythrocytes and endothelial cells, O2•− dismutation, O2•− and H2O2 diffusion and advection by the blood flow. Results show that in this environment O2•− and H2O2 have half-lives <60. ms and <40. ms, respectively, the former determined by the plasma SOD3 activity, the latter by clearance by endothelial cells and erythrocytes. H2O2 concentrations do not exceed the 10 nM scale. Maximal O2•− concentrations near vessel walls exceed H2O2's several-fold when the latter results solely from O2•− dismutation. Cytosolic dismutation of inflowing O2•− may thus significantly contribute to H2O2 delivery to cells. O2•− concentrations near vessel walls decay to 50% of maximum 12 μm downstream from O2•− production sites. H2O2 concentrations in capillaries decay to 50% of maximum 22 μm (6.0 μm) downstream from O2•− (H2O2) production sites. Near arterioles' (arteries') walls, they decay by 50% within 6.0 μm (4. μm) of H2O2 production sites. However, they reach maximal values 50 μm (24 μm) downstream from O2•− production sites and decrease by 50% over 650 μm (500 μm). Arterial/olar endothelial cells might thus signal over a mm downstream through O2•−-derived H2O2, though this requires nM-sensitive H2O2 transduction mechanisms. Physiological local H2O2 concentrations in vasculature lumen are up to 10's of μM. H2O2 transport range in capillaries is just ≈20 μm. Faster blood flow in arteri(ol)es transports O2•−-derived H2O2 over 100's of μm Similar H2O2 abundances and distribution near arterioles' and arteries' walls, likewise for O2•−. Inflowing O2•− may significantly feed H2O2 to the cytosol of endothelial cells
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16
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Hydrogen Peroxide Promotes the Production of Radiation-Derived EVs Containing Mitochondrial Proteins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112119. [PMID: 36358489 PMCID: PMC9686922 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of extensive successes, cancer recurrence after radiation treatment (RT) remains one of the significant challenges in the cure of localized prostate cancer (PCa). This study focuses on elucidating a novel adaptive response to RT that could contribute to cancer recurrence. Here, we used PC3 cell line, an adenocarcinoma from a bone metastasis and radio-resistant clone 695 cell line, which survived after total radiation dose of 66 Gy (2 Gy × 33) and subsequently regrew in nude mice after exposure to fractionated radiation at 10 Gy (2 Gy × 5). Clone 695 cells not only showed an increase in surviving fraction post-radiation but also an increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production when compared to PC3 cells. At the single cell level, confocal microscope images coupled with IMARIS rendering software demonstrate an increase in mitochondrial mass and membrane potential in clone 695 cells. Utilizing the Seahorse XF96 instrument to investigate mitochondrial respiration, clone 695 cells demonstrated a higher basal Oxygen Consumption Rate (OCR), ATP-linked OCR, and proton leak compared to PC3 cells. The elevation of mitochondrial function in clone 695 cells is accompanied by an increase in mitochondrial H2O2 production. These data suggest that H2O2 could reprogram PCa’s mitochondrial homeostasis, which allows the cancer to survive and regrow after RT. Upon exposure to RT, in addition to ROS production, we found that RT induces the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from PC3 cells (p < 0.05). Importantly, adding H2O2 to PC3 cells promotes EVs production in a dose-dependent manner and pre-treatment with polyethylene glycol-Catalase mitigates H2O2-mediated EV production. Both RT-derived EVs and H2O2-derived EVs carried higher levels of mitochondrial antioxidant proteins including, Peroxiredoxin 3, Glutathione Peroxidase 4 as well as mitochondrial-associated oxidative phosphorylation proteins. Significantly, adding isolated functional mitochondria 24 h prior to RT shows a significant increase in surviving fractions of PC3 cells (p < 0.05). Together, our findings reveal that H2O2 promotes the production of EVs carrying mitochondrial proteins and that functional mitochondria enhance cancer survival after RT.
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Carbonell-M B, Zapata Cardona J, Delgado JP. Post-amputation reactive oxygen species production is necessary for axolotls limb regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:921520. [PMID: 36092695 PMCID: PMC9458980 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.921520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) represent molecules of great interest in the field of regenerative biology since several animal models require their production to promote and favor tissue, organ, and appendage regeneration. Recently, it has been shown that the production of ROS such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is required for tail regeneration in Ambystoma mexicanum. However, to date, it is unknown whether ROS production is necessary for limb regeneration in this animal model. Methods: forelimbs of juvenile animals were amputated proximally and the dynamics of ROS production was determined using 2′7- dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) during the regeneration process. Inhibition of ROS production was performed using the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin. Subsequently, a rescue assay was performed using exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The effect of these treatments on the size and skeletal structures of the regenerated limb was evaluated by staining with alcian blue and alizarin red, as well as the effect on blastema formation, cell proliferation, immune cell recruitment, and expression of genes related to proximal-distal identity. Results: our results show that inhibition of post-amputation limb ROS production in the A. mexicanum salamander model results in the regeneration of a miniature limb with a significant reduction in the size of skeletal elements such as the ulna, radius, and overall autopod. Additionally, other effects such as decrease in the number of carpals, defective joint morphology, and failure of integrity between the regenerated structure and the remaining tissue were identified. In addition, this treatment affected blastema formation and induced a reduction in the levels of cell proliferation in this structure, as well as a reduction in the number of CD45+ and CD11b + immune system cells. On the other hand, blocking ROS production affected the expression of proximo-distal identity genes such as Aldha1a1, Rarβ, Prod1, Meis1, Hoxa13, and other genes such as Agr2 and Yap1 in early/mid blastema. Of great interest, the failure in blastema formation, skeletal alterations, as well as the expression of the genes evaluated were rescued by the application of exogenous H2O2, suggesting that ROS/H2O2 production is necessary from the early stages for proper regeneration and patterning of the limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belfran Carbonell-M
- Grupo de Genética, Regeneración y Cáncer, Universidad de Antioquia, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellín, Colombia
- Departamento de Estudios Básicos Integrados, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Belfran Carbonell-M, ; Jean Paul Delgado,
| | - Juliana Zapata Cardona
- Grupo de Investigación en Patobiología Quiron, Escuela de MedicinaVeterinaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jean Paul Delgado
- Grupo de Genética, Regeneración y Cáncer, Universidad de Antioquia, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellín, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Belfran Carbonell-M, ; Jean Paul Delgado,
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18
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Babaei M, Shabani L, Hashemi-Shahraki S. Improving the effects of salt stress by β-carotene and gallic acid using increasing antioxidant activity and regulating ion uptake in Lepidium sativum L. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2022; 63:22. [PMID: 35840725 PMCID: PMC9287502 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-022-00352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant growth and development are severely affected by soil salinity. This study was carried out to evaluate the interaction of foliar application of antioxidants (β-carotene and gallic acid) and salt stress on Lepidium sativum seedlings. RESULTS Our findings revealed that total dry and fresh weight were adversely affected by 25 mM NaCl salinity stress. Moreover, K+ content decreased while Na+ content increased significantly. The foliar application of β-carotene and gallic acid significantly mitigated the effects of salt stress by regulating ion uptake, reducing H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, as well as increasing enzymatic antioxidant activity, phenolic, glutathione, and chlorophyll content. CONCLUSIONS β-carotene- and gallic acid-treated plants had higher salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Babaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Leila Shabani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shahla Hashemi-Shahraki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
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19
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Steudler J, Ecott T, Ivan DC, Bouillet E, Walthert S, Berve K, Dick TP, Engelhardt B, Locatelli G. Autoimmune neuroinflammation triggers mitochondrial oxidation in oligodendrocytes. Glia 2022; 70:2045-2061. [PMID: 35762739 PMCID: PMC9546135 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (ODCs) are myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS) supporting neuronal survival. Oxidants and mitochondrial dysfunction have been suggested as the main causes of ODC damage during neuroinflammation as observed in multiple sclerosis (MS). Nonetheless, the dynamics of this process remain unclear, thus hindering the design of neuroprotective therapeutic strategies. To decipher the spatio-temporal pattern of oxidative damage and dysfunction of ODC mitochondria in vivo, we created a novel mouse model in which ODCs selectively express the ratiometric H2 O2 biosensor mito-roGFP2-Orp1 allowing for quantification of redox changes in their mitochondria. Using 2-photon imaging of the exposed spinal cord, we observed significant mitochondrial oxidation in ODCs upon induction of the MS model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This redox change became already apparent during the preclinical phase of EAE prior to CNS infiltration of inflammatory cells. Upon clinical EAE development, mitochondria oxidation remained detectable and was associated with a significant impairment in organelle density and morphology. These alterations correlated with the proximity of ODCs to inflammatory lesions containing activated microglia/macrophages. During the chronic progression of EAE, ODC mitochondria maintained an altered morphology, but their oxidant levels decreased to levels observed in healthy mice. Taken together, our study implicates oxidative stress in ODC mitochondria as a novel pre-clinical sign of MS-like inflammation and demonstrates that evolving redox and morphological changes in mitochondria accompany ODC dysfunction during neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Steudler
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Timothy Ecott
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniela C Ivan
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Bouillet
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Kristina Berve
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias P Dick
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Graul LM, Liu S, Maitland DJ. Theoretical error of sectional method for estimation of shape memory polyurethane foam mass loss. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 625:237-247. [PMID: 35716618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Measuring in vivo degradation for polymeric scaffolds is critical for analysis of biocompatibility. Traditionally, histology has been used to estimate mass loss in scaffolds, allowing for simultaneous evaluation of mass loss and the biologic response to the implant. Oxidatively degradable shape memory polyurethane (SMP) foams have been implemented in two vascular occlusion devices: peripheral embolization device (PED) and neurovascular embolization device (NED). This work explores the errors introduced when using histological sections to evaluate mass loss. METHODS Models of the SMP foams were created to mimic the device geometry and the tetrakaidekahedral structure of the foam pore. These models were degraded in Blender for a wide range of possible degradation amounts and the mass loss was estimated using m sections. RESULTS As the number of sections (m) used to estimate mass loss for a volume increased the sampling error decreased and beyond m = 5, the decrease in error was insignificant. NED population and sampling errors were higher than for PED scenarios. When m ≥ 5, the averaged sampling error was below 1.5% for NED and 1% for PED scenarios. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION This study establishes a baseline sampling error for estimating randomly degraded porous scaffolds using a sectional method. Device geometry and the stage of mass loss influence the sampling error. Future studies will use non-random degradation to further investigate in vivo mass loss scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance M Graul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Shuling Liu
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Duncan J Maitland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
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21
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Rijal S, Jang SH, Cho DH, Han SK. Hydrogen peroxide suppresses excitability of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in adult mouse. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:939699. [PMID: 36387844 PMCID: PMC9650413 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.939699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from oxygen molecule reduction can interfere with the cross-talk between the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and other endocrine axes, thus affecting fertility. Furthermore, ROS have been linked to GnRH receptor signaling in gonadotropes involved in gonadotropin release. There has been evidence that ROS can interfere with the HPG axis and gonadotropin release at various levels. However, the direct effect of ROS on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron remains unclear. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an ROS source, on GnRH neuronal excitabilities in transgenic GnRH-green fluorescent protein-tagged mice using the whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology. In adults, H2O2 at high concentrations (mM level) hyperpolarized most GnRH neurons tested, whereas low concentrations (pM to μM) caused slight depolarization. In immature GnRH neurons, H2O2 exposure induced excitation. The sensitivity of GnRH neurons to H2O2 was increased with postnatal development. The effect of H2O2 on adult female GnRH neurons was found to be estrous cycle-dependent. Hyperpolarization mediated by H2O2 persisted in the presence of tetrodotoxin, a voltage-gated Na+ channel blocker, and amino-acids receptor blocking cocktail containing blockers for the ionotropic glutamate receptors, glycine receptors, and GABAA receptors, indicating that H2O2 could act on GnRH neurons directly. Furthermore, glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel blocker, completely blocked H2O2-mediated hyperpolarization. Increasing endogenous H2O2 by inhibiting glutathione peroxidase decreased spontaneous activities of most GnRH neurons. We conclude that ROS can act as signaling molecules for regulating GnRH neuron's excitability and that adult GnRH neurons are sensitive to increased ROS concentration. Results of this study demonstrate that ROS have direct modulatory effects on the HPG axis at the hypothalamic level to regulate GnRH neuron's excitabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Rijal
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Seon Hui Jang
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Dong Hyu Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Dong Hyu Cho, ; Seong Kyu Han,
| | - Seong Kyu Han
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Dong Hyu Cho, ; Seong Kyu Han,
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