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Montero-Calle A, Garranzo-Asensio M, Moreno-Casbas MT, Campuzano S, Barderas R. Autoantibodies in cancer: a systematic review of their clinical role in the most prevalent cancers. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1455602. [PMID: 39234247 PMCID: PMC11371560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1455602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Although blood autoantibodies were initially associated with autoimmune diseases, multiple evidence have been accumulated showing their presence in many types of cancer. This has opened their use in clinics, since cancer autoantibodies might be useful for early detection, prognosis, and monitoring of cancer patients. In this review, we discuss the different techniques available for their discovery and validation. Additionally, we discuss here in detail those autoantibody panels verified in at least two different reports that should be more likely to be specific of each of the four most incident cancers. We also report the recent developed kits for breast and lung cancer detection mostly based on autoantibodies and the identification of novel therapeutic targets because of the screening of the cancer humoral immune response. Finally, we discuss unsolved issues that still need to be addressed for the implementation of cancer autoantibodies in clinical routine for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and/or monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Montero-Calle
- Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Maria Teresa Moreno-Casbas
- Investén-isciii, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network for Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Campuzano
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network for Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Turan TL, Klein HJ, Graf TR, Chillon TS, Plock JA, Schomburg L. New-onset autoantibodies to selenoprotein P following severe burn injury. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1422781. [PMID: 39176084 PMCID: PMC11338932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1422781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver-derived selenium (Se) transporter selenoprotein P (SELENOP) declines in critical illness as a negative acute phase reactant and has recently been identified as an autoantigen. Hepatic selenoprotein biosynthesis and cotranslational selenocysteine insertion are sensitive to inflammation, therapeutic drugs, Se deficiency, and other modifiers. As severe burn injury induces a heavy inflammatory burden with concomitant Se depletion, we hypothesized an impairment of selenoprotein biosynthesis in the acute post-burn phase, potentially triggering the development of autoantibodies to SELENOP (SELENOP-aAb). To test this hypothesis, longitudinal serum samples from severely burned patients were analyzed over a period of six months. Newly occurring SELENOP-aAb were detected in 8.4% (7/83) of the burn patients, with onset not earlier than two weeks after injury. Prevalence of SELENOP-aAb was associated with injury severity, as aAb-positive patients have suffered more severe burns than their aAb-negative counterparts (median [IQR] ABSI: 11 [7-12] vs. 7 [5.8-8], p = 0.023). Autoimmunity to SELENOP was not associated with differences in total serum Se or SELENOP concentrations. A positive correlation of kidney-derived glutathione peroxidase (GPx3) with serum SELENOP was not present in the patients with SELENOP-aAb, who showed delayed normalization of GPx3 activity post-burn. Overall, the data suggest that SELENOP-aAb emerge after severe injury in a subset of patients and have antagonistic effects on Se transport. The nature of burn injury as a sudden event allowed a time-resolved analysis of a direct trigger for new-onset SELENOP-aAb, which may be relevant for severely affected patients requiring intensified acute and long-term care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabael L. Turan
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger J. Klein
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Theresia Reding Graf
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Samson Chillon
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan A. Plock
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Geng D, Zhou Y, Wang M. Advances in the role of GPX3 in ovarian cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 64:31. [PMID: 38299269 PMCID: PMC10836493 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the 5th most common malignancy in women, and the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies. Owing to tumor heterogeneity, lack of reliable early diagnostic methods and high incidence of chemotherapy resistance, the 5‑year survival rate of patients with advanced OC remains low despite considerable advances in detection and therapeutic approaches. Therefore, identifying novel therapeutic targets to improve the prognosis of patients with OC is crucial. The expression of glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) plays a crucial role in the growth, proliferation and differentiation of various malignant tumors. In OC, GPX3 is the only antioxidant enzyme the high expression of which is negatively correlated with the overall survival of patients. GPX3 may affect lipid metabolism in tumor stem cells by influencing redox homeostasis in the tumor microenvironment. The maintenance of stemness in OC stem cells (OCSCs) is strongly associated with poor prognosis and recurrence in patients. The aim of the present study was to review the role of GPX3 in OC and investigate the potential factors and effects of GPX3 on OCSCs. The findings of the current study offer novel potential targets for drug therapy in OC, enhance the theoretical foundation of OC drug therapy and provide valuable references for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbo Geng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
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Ye S, Sun S, Cai J, Jiang J. Advances in the Synthesis and Bioactivity of Polysaccharide Selenium Nanoparticles: A Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1535-1554. [PMID: 38425115 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575302440240219053006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Selenium, an essential trace element of the human body, is pivotal in human health and disease prevention. Nevertheless, the narrow therapeutic index of selenium, where the toxic and therapeutic doses are close, limits its clinical utility. Significantly, nanoscale selenium synthesized by different methods using polysaccharides as stabilizers has low toxicity properties and exhibits excellent bioactivity. Its biological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and immune function enhancement, are improved compared with traditional organic and inorganic selenium compounds, conferring greater potential for application in biomedicine. Therefore, this review evaluates the advancements in various synthesis methodologies for polysaccharide selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) and their biological activities. It aims to provide a comprehensive theoretical basis and research directions for the future development of highly efficient, minimally toxic, and biocompatible polysaccharide-Se NPs and the application of polysaccharide-Se NPs in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Ye
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China. Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Shaowei Sun
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China. Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jiye Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jinhuan Jiang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China. Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Demircan K, Bengtsson Y, Chillon TS, Vallon-Christersson J, Sun Q, Larsson C, Malmberg M, Saal LH, Rydén L, Borg Å, Manjer J, Schomburg L. Matched analysis of circulating selenium with the breast cancer selenotranscriptome: a multicentre prospective study. J Transl Med 2023; 21:658. [PMID: 37741974 PMCID: PMC10517476 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low serum selenium and altered tumour RNA expression of certain selenoproteins are associated with a poor breast cancer prognosis. Selenoprotein expression stringently depends on selenium availability, hence circulating selenium may interact with tumour selenoprotein expression. However, there is no matched analysis to date. METHODS This study included 1453 patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer from the multicentric prospective Sweden Cancerome Analysis Network - Breast study. Total serum selenium, selenoprotein P and glutathione peroxidase 3 were analysed at time of diagnosis. Bulk RNA-sequencing was conducted in matched tumour tissues. Fully adjusted Cox regression models with an interaction term were employed to detect dose-dependent interactions of circulating selenium with the associations of tumour selenoprotein mRNA expression and mortality. RESULTS 237 deaths were recorded within ~ 9 years follow-up. All three serum selenium biomarkers correlated positively (p < 0.001). All selenoproteins except for GPX6 were expressed in tumour tissues. Single cell RNA-sequencing revealed a heterogeneous expression pattern in the tumour microenvironment. Circulating selenium correlated positively with tumour SELENOW and SELENON expression (p < 0.001). In fully adjusted models, the associations of DIO1, DIO3 and SELENOM with mortality were dose-dependently modified by serum selenium (p < 0.001, p = 0.020, p = 0.038, respectively). With increasing selenium, DIO1 and SELENOM associated with lower, whereas DIO3 expression associated with higher mortality. Association of DIO1 with lower mortality was only apparent in patients with high selenium [above median (70.36 µg/L)], and the HR (95%CI) for one-unit increase in log(FPKM + 1) was 0.70 (0.50-0.98). CONCLUSIONS This first unbiased analysis of serum selenium with the breast cancer selenotranscriptome identified an effect-modification of selenium on the associations of DIO1, SELENOM, and DIO3 with prognosis. Selenium substitution in patients with DIO1-expressing tumours merits consideration to improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Demircan
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR)-Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Biomedical Innovation Academy (BIA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ylva Bengtsson
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Thilo Samson Chillon
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR)-Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Qian Sun
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR)-Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christer Larsson
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Malmberg
- Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lao H Saal
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisa Rydén
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Åke Borg
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Manjer
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR)-Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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Sun Q, Oltra E, Dijck-Brouwer DAJ, Chillon TS, Seemann P, Asaad S, Demircan K, Espejo-Oltra JA, Sánchez-Fito T, Martín-Martínez E, Minich WB, Muskiet FAJ, Schomburg L. Autoantibodies to selenoprotein P in chronic fatigue syndrome suggest selenium transport impairment and acquired resistance to thyroid hormone. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102796. [PMID: 37423160 PMCID: PMC10338150 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) presents with symptoms of hypothyroidism, including mental and physical fatigue, poor sleep, depression, and anxiety. However, thyroid hormone (TH) profiles of elevated thyrotropin and low thyroxine (T4) are not consistently observed. Recently, autoantibodies to the Se transporter SELENOP (SELENOP-aAb) have been identified in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and shown to impair selenoprotein expression. We hypothesized that SELENOP-aAb are prevalent in CFS, and associate with reduced selenoprotein expression and impaired TH deiodination. Se status and SELENOP-aAb prevalence was compared by combining European CFS patients (n = 167) and healthy controls (n = 545) from different sources. The biomarkers total Se, glutathione peroxidase (GPx3) and SELENOP showed linear correlations across the samples without reaching saturation, indicative of Se deficiency. SELENOP-aAb prevalence was 9.6-15.6% in CFS versus 0.9-2.0% in controls, depending on cut-off for positivity. The linear correlation between Se and GPx3 activity was absent in SELENOP-aAb positive patients, suggesting impaired Se supply of kidney. A subgroup of paired control (n = 119) and CSF (n = 111) patients had been characterized for TH and biochemical parameters before. Within this subgroup, SELENOP-aAb positive patients displayed particularly low deiodinase activity (SPINA-GD index), free T3 levels, total T3 to total T4 (TT3/TT4) and free T3 to free T4 (FT3/FT4) ratios. In 24 h urine, iodine concentrations were significantly lower in SELENOP-aAb positive than in SELENOP-aAb negative patients or controls (median (IQR); 43.2 (16.0) vs. 58.9 (45.2) vs. 89.0 (54.9) μg/L). The data indicate that SELENOP-aAb associate with low deiodination rate and reduced activation of TH to active T3. We conclude that a subset of CFS patients express SELENOP-aAb that disturb Se transport and reduce selenoprotein expression in target tissues. Hereby, TH activation decreases as an acquired condition not reflected by thyrotropin and T4 in blood. This hypothesis opens new diagnostic and therapeutic options for SELENOP-aAb positive CFS, but requires clinical evidence from intervention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, 10115, Berlin, Germany; selenOmed GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Oltra
- Department of Pathology, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - D A Janneke Dijck-Brouwer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thilo Samson Chillon
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sabrina Asaad
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kamil Demircan
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - José Andrés Espejo-Oltra
- Department of Pathology, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Sánchez-Fito
- Department of Pathology, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Waldemar B Minich
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frits A J Muskiet
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
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Bengtsson Y, Demircan K, Vallon-Christersson J, Malmberg M, Saal LH, Rydén L, Borg Å, Schomburg L, Sandsveden M, Manjer J. Serum copper, zinc and copper/zinc ratio in relation to survival after breast cancer diagnosis: A prospective multicenter cohort study. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102728. [PMID: 37210781 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The essential trace elements copper and zinc, and their ratio (copper/zinc), are important for maintaining redox homeostasis. Previous studies suggest that these elements may impact breast cancer survival. However, no epidemiological study has so far been conducted on the potential association between copper and copper/zinc levels and survival after breast cancer diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between serum copper, zinc and copper/zinc levels and survival following breast cancer diagnosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS The Sweden Cancerome Analysis Network - Breast Initiative (SCAN-B) is a population-based cohort study including multiple participating hospitals in Sweden. A total of 1998 patients diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer were followed for approximately nine years. Serum levels of copper and zinc and their ratio at the time of diagnosis was analyzed in relation to breast cancer survival using multivariate Cox regression, yielding hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS A higher copper/zinc ratio was associated with lower overall survival after breast cancer diagnosis. Comparing patients with a copper/zinc ratio in quartile 4 vs 1, the crude HR was 2.29 (1.65-3.19) (Ptrend <0.01) and the fully adjusted HR was 1.58 (1.11-2.25) (Ptrend = 0.01). No overall associations were seen between serum copper or zinc levels on their own and survival after breast cancer diagnosis, although a tendency toward lower breast cancer survival was seen for higher copper levels and lower zinc levels. CONCLUSION There is evidence that the serum copper/zinc ratio provides an independent predictive value for overall survival following breast cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Kamil Demircan
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Biomedical Innovation Academy (BIA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Johan Vallon-Christersson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Malmberg
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lao H Saal
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisa Rydén
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Åke Borg
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malte Sandsveden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jonas Manjer
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Investigation of Selenium Supplementation in Women at Elevated Risk for Breast Cancer: Lessons for Re-Emergent Interest in Selenium and Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010049. [PMID: 36672557 PMCID: PMC9855926 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to cellular macromolecules such as DNA and lipid, induced via reactive oxygen species, and indicators of cell proliferation potential such as insulin-like growth factor (IGF) metabolic status are intermediate biomarkers of breast cancer risk. Based on reports that selenium status can affect these markers, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind experiment was conducted to investigate the potential of selenium supplementation to modulate breast cancer risk. Using a placebo tablet or a tablet containing 200 μg selenium provided as high-selenium yeast daily for one year, concentrations of the biomarkers in blood or urine were assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of intervention. The selenium intervention used in this study is presumed to mediate its effect via the induction of glutathione peroxidase activity and the consequential impact of the active form of this protein on oxidative damage. We found no evidence to support this hypothesis or to indicate that systemic IGF metabolic status was affected. Critical knowledge gaps must be addressed for the resurgence of interest in selenium and cancer to garner clinical relevance. Those knowledge gaps include the identification of a specific, high-affinity selenium metabolite and the cellular target(s) to which it binds, and the demonstration that the cellular determinant that the selenium metabolite binds plays a critical role in the initiation, promotion, or progression of a specific type of cancer.
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Yang R, Han Y, Yi W, Long Q. Autoantibodies as biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1035402. [PMID: 36451832 PMCID: PMC9701846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1035402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and is a substantial public health problem. Screening for breast cancer mainly relies on mammography, which leads to false positives and missed diagnoses and is especially non-sensitive for patients with small tumors and dense breasts. The prognosis of breast cancer is mainly classified by tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) staging, but this method does not consider the molecular characteristics of the tumor. As the product of the immune response to tumor-associated antigens, autoantibodies can be detected in peripheral blood and can be used as noninvasive, presymptomatic, and low-cost biomarkers. Therefore, autoantibodies can provide a possible supplementary method for breast cancer screening and prognosis classification. This article introduces the methods used to detect peripheral blood autoantibodies and the research progress in the screening and prognosis of breast cancer made in recent years to provide a potential direction for the examination and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qian Long
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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10
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Flowers B, Poles A, Kastrati I. Selenium and breast cancer – An update of clinical and epidemiological data. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 732:109465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Schomburg L. Selenoprotein P - Selenium transport protein, enzyme and biomarker of selenium status. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 191:150-163. [PMID: 36067902 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The habitual intake of selenium (Se) varies strongly around the world, and many people are at risk of inadequate supply and health risks from Se deficiency. Within the human organism, efficient transport mechanisms ensure that organs with a high demand and relevance for reproduction and survival are preferentially supplied. To this end, selenoprotein P (SELENOP) is synthesized in the liver and mediates Se transport to essential tissues such as the endocrine glands and the brain, where the "SELENOP cycle" maintains a privileged Se status. Mouse models indicate that SELENOP is not essential for life, as supplemental Se supply was capable of preventing the development of severe symptoms. However, knockout mice died under limiting supply, arguing for an essential role of SELENOP in Se deficiency. Many clinical studies support this notion, pointing to close links between health risks and low SELENOP levels. Accordingly, circulating SELENOP concentrations serve as a functional biomarker of Se supply, at least until a saturated status is achieved and SELENOP levels reach a plateau. Upon toxic intake, a further increase in SELENOP is observed, i.e., SELENOP provides information about possible selenosis. The SELENOP transcripts predict an insertion of ten selenocysteine residues. However, the decoding is imperfect, and not all these positions are ultimately occupied by selenocysteine. In addition to the selenocysteine residues near the C-terminus, one selenocysteine resides central within an enzyme-like environment. SELENOP proved capable of catalyzing peroxide degradation in vitro and protecting e.g. LDL particles from oxidation. An enzymatic activity in the intact organism is unclear, but an increasing number of clinical studies provides evidence for a direct involvement of SELENOP-dependent Se transport as an important and modifiable risk factor of disease. This interaction is particularly strong for cardiovascular and critical disease including COVID-19, cancer at various sites and autoimmune thyroiditis. This review briefly highlights the links between the growing knowledge of Se in health and disease over the last 50 years and the specific advances that have been made in our understanding of the physiological and clinical contribution of SELENOP to the current picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Schomburg
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR)-Research Center, Hessische Straße 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
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