[Diabetes, depression and dementia. Three interrelated «d's» in the elderly]

[Differential characteristics of type 2 diabetes in the elderly. Role of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors]

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus increases with age, reaching rates around 30% in those over 75 years. The type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly has different pathophysiological and clinical characteristics from those of the younger diabetic patient. Some differential aspects in this population are the lower life expectancy and the frequent comorbidity, frailty and associated disability. Avoiding hypoglycemia is a therapeutic priority, given their increased risk of severe hypoglycemia. It is a situation in which the benefits of intensive glycemic control are virtually non-existent, thus prevention of side effects of treatments becomes a priority. Therefore, the goals of glycemic control should be less stringent than in the general population (glycated hemoglobin>7%), and the drugs of choice should be those with a low risk of side effects (especially hypoglycemia) and well tolerated. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (iDPP4) are particularly useful in this age group, either as a second drug added to metformin monotherapy, or as first line when metformin is contraindicated or not tolerated. In this article the evidence available on the efficacy and tolerance of different pharmacological options available in population over 70 years is reviewed.