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Hung CS, Chou CH, Liao CW, Lin YT, Wu XM, Chang YY, Chen YH, Wu VC, Su MJ, Ho YL, Chen MF, Wu KD, Lin YH. Aldosterone Induces Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1 Expression and Further Contributes to Collagen Accumulation. Hypertension 2016; 67:1309-20. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aldosterone induces myocardial fibrosis. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) is a key factor of myocardial fibrosis. This study tested the hypothesis that aldosterone induces TIMP-1 expression and contributes to the fibrotic process. We prospectively enrolled 54 patients with primary aldosteronism, and measured plasma TIMP-1 and echocardiographic parameters. In the cell study, we investigated the possible molecular mechanism by which aldosterone induces TIMP-1 secretion and the effects on collagen accumulation. In the animal study, we measured serum TIMP-1 levels, cardiac TIMP-1 levels, and cardiac structure in an aldosterone infusion mouse model using implantation of aldosterone pellets. In patients with primary aldosteronism, plasma TIMP-1 was correlated with 24-hour urinary aldosterone, left ventricular mass, and impairment of left ventricular diastolic function. In human cardiac fibroblasts, TIMP-1 protein and mRNA expressions were significantly increased by aldosterone through the glucocorticoid receptor/PI3K/Akt/nuclear factor-κB pathway. TIMP-1 small-interfering RNA significantly reduced aldosterone-induced collagen accumulation, and aldosterone did not alter the levels of collagen1a1 or matrix metalloproteinase-1 mRNA. The aldosterone-induced TIMP-1 expression was inversely related to matrix metalloproteinase-1 activity. Furthermore, in the animal model, the serum and cardiac levels of TIMP-1 were significantly elevated in the mice that received aldosterone infusion. This elevation was blocked by RU-486 but not by eplerenone, suggesting that the effect was through glucocorticoid receptors. In a long-term aldosterone infusion model, serum TIMP-1 was associated with serum aldosterone level, cardiac structure, and fibrosis. In conclusion, aldosterone induced TIMP-1 expression in vivo and in vitro. This increased TIMP-1 expression resulted in enhanced collagen accumulation via the suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Sheng Hung
- From the Telehealth Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-S.H., Y.-H.C., Y.-L.H.); Departments of Internal Medicine (C.-S.H., V.-C.W., Y.-L.H., M.-F.C., K.-D.W., Y.-H.L.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.-H.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan (C.-W.L., Y.-T.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan
| | - Chia-Hung Chou
- From the Telehealth Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-S.H., Y.-H.C., Y.-L.H.); Departments of Internal Medicine (C.-S.H., V.-C.W., Y.-L.H., M.-F.C., K.-D.W., Y.-H.L.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.-H.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan (C.-W.L., Y.-T.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan
| | - Che-Wei Liao
- From the Telehealth Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-S.H., Y.-H.C., Y.-L.H.); Departments of Internal Medicine (C.-S.H., V.-C.W., Y.-L.H., M.-F.C., K.-D.W., Y.-H.L.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.-H.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan (C.-W.L., Y.-T.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan
| | - Yen-Tin Lin
- From the Telehealth Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-S.H., Y.-H.C., Y.-L.H.); Departments of Internal Medicine (C.-S.H., V.-C.W., Y.-L.H., M.-F.C., K.-D.W., Y.-H.L.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.-H.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan (C.-W.L., Y.-T.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan
| | - Xue-Ming Wu
- From the Telehealth Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-S.H., Y.-H.C., Y.-L.H.); Departments of Internal Medicine (C.-S.H., V.-C.W., Y.-L.H., M.-F.C., K.-D.W., Y.-H.L.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.-H.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan (C.-W.L., Y.-T.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan
| | - Yi-Yao Chang
- From the Telehealth Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-S.H., Y.-H.C., Y.-L.H.); Departments of Internal Medicine (C.-S.H., V.-C.W., Y.-L.H., M.-F.C., K.-D.W., Y.-H.L.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.-H.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan (C.-W.L., Y.-T.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan
| | - Ying-Hsien Chen
- From the Telehealth Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-S.H., Y.-H.C., Y.-L.H.); Departments of Internal Medicine (C.-S.H., V.-C.W., Y.-L.H., M.-F.C., K.-D.W., Y.-H.L.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.-H.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan (C.-W.L., Y.-T.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan
| | - Vin-Cent Wu
- From the Telehealth Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-S.H., Y.-H.C., Y.-L.H.); Departments of Internal Medicine (C.-S.H., V.-C.W., Y.-L.H., M.-F.C., K.-D.W., Y.-H.L.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.-H.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan (C.-W.L., Y.-T.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan
| | - Ming-Jai Su
- From the Telehealth Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-S.H., Y.-H.C., Y.-L.H.); Departments of Internal Medicine (C.-S.H., V.-C.W., Y.-L.H., M.-F.C., K.-D.W., Y.-H.L.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.-H.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan (C.-W.L., Y.-T.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan
| | - Yi-Lwun Ho
- From the Telehealth Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-S.H., Y.-H.C., Y.-L.H.); Departments of Internal Medicine (C.-S.H., V.-C.W., Y.-L.H., M.-F.C., K.-D.W., Y.-H.L.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.-H.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan (C.-W.L., Y.-T.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan
| | - Ming-Fong Chen
- From the Telehealth Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-S.H., Y.-H.C., Y.-L.H.); Departments of Internal Medicine (C.-S.H., V.-C.W., Y.-L.H., M.-F.C., K.-D.W., Y.-H.L.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.-H.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan (C.-W.L., Y.-T.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan
| | - Kwan-Dun Wu
- From the Telehealth Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-S.H., Y.-H.C., Y.-L.H.); Departments of Internal Medicine (C.-S.H., V.-C.W., Y.-L.H., M.-F.C., K.-D.W., Y.-H.L.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.-H.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan (C.-W.L., Y.-T.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan
| | - Yen-Hung Lin
- From the Telehealth Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-S.H., Y.-H.C., Y.-L.H.); Departments of Internal Medicine (C.-S.H., V.-C.W., Y.-L.H., M.-F.C., K.-D.W., Y.-H.L.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.-H.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan (C.-W.L., Y.-T.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan
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