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Dias CC, Nogueira-Pedro A, Tokuyama PY, Martins MNC, Segreto HRC, Buri MV, Miranda A, Paredes-Gamero EJ. A synthetic fragment of leptin increase hematopoietic stem cell population and improve its engraftment ability. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1334-40. [PMID: 25735790 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown the important actions of cytokine leptin that regulates food intake and energy expenditure. Additionally, the ability to modulate hematopoiesis has also been demonstrated. Previous reports have shown that some synthetic sequences of leptin molecules can activate leptin receptor. Herein, decapeptides encompassing amino acids from positions 98 to 122 of the leptin molecule were constructed to evaluate their effects on hematopoiesis. Among them, the synthetic peptide Lep(110-119)-NH2 (LEP F) was the only peptide that possessed the ability to increase the percentage of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Moreover, LEP F also produced an increase of granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming units and activated leptin receptor. Furthermore, LEP F also improves the grafting of HSC in bone marrow, but did not accelerate the recovery of bone marrow after ablation with 5-fluorouracil. These results show that LEP F is a positive modulator of the in vivo expansion of HSC and could be useful in bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina C Dias
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Amanda Nogueira-Pedro
- Departmento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Paula Yumi Tokuyama
- Departmento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Marta N C Martins
- Departmento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Helena Regina Comodo Segreto
- Departamento de Oncologia Clínica e Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Napoleão de Barros, 715, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Buri
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Antonio Miranda
- Departmento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Edgar J Paredes-Gamero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil.,Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
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Novakovic ZM, Anderson BM, Grasso P. Myristic acid conjugation of [D-Leu-4]-OB3, a biologically active leptin-related synthetic peptide amide, significantly improves its pharmacokinetic profile and efficacy. Peptides 2014; 62:176-82. [PMID: 25453979 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have previously described the pharmacokinetics of mouse [D-Leu-4]-OB3, a synthetic peptide amide with leptin-like activity, following delivery by subcutaneous (SC), intraperitoneal (IP), and intramuscular (IM) injection, and by oral gavage and intranasal instillation. These profiles suggested that the observed efficacy of [D-Leu-4]-OB3 on energy balance, glycemic control, and bone turnover in ob/ob and db/db mice might be improved by efforts directed toward improving its bioavailability, i.e., increasing maximum uptake (Cmax), extending serum half-life (t½), and reducing plasma clearance (CL). To address these issues, myristic (tetradecanoic) acid was conjugated to the N-terminal of [D-Leu-4]-OB3 (designated MA-[D-Leu-4]-OB3), and the pharmacokinetics of MA-[D-Leu-4]-OB3 in male Swiss Webster mice following SC, IP, and IM injection in PBS, and by oral and intranasal delivery in dodecyl maltoside (DDM, trade name Intravail®), a transmucosal absorption enhancing agent, were compared to those of [D-Leu-4]-OB. At a dose of MA-[D-Leu-4]-OB3 10-fold lower than that used previously for [D-Leu-4]-OB3 (0.1 mg vs.1.0 mg, respectively), Cmax of MA-[D-Leu-4]-OB3 was 11.1-, 7.5-, 1.9-, and 1.7-fold higher, t1/2 was 3.5-, 5.0-, 9.1-, and 86.7-fold longer, and CL was 17.0-, 11.6-, 5.7-, and 5.0-fold slower than [D-Leu-4]-OB3 following SC, IP, IM, and oral delivery, respectively. Furthermore, in leptin-resistant obese male db/db mice, oral delivery of MA-[D-Leu-4]-OB3 in DDM at concentrations up to 10-fold lower than those used with [D-Leu-4]-OB3 reduced fasting blood glucose levels in a dose-related manner.
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Lin HY, Yang SH, Tang HY, Cheng GY, Davis PJ, Grasso P. Biologically active leptin-related synthetic peptides activate STAT3 via phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and PI-3K. Peptides 2014; 57:95-100. [PMID: 24819473 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of leptin-related synthetic peptides [d-Leu-4]-OB3 and OB3 on energy balance and glucose homeostasis in ob/ob and db/db mice have been confirmed. The molecular basis of these effects, however, remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the ability of these peptides to activate signal transduction pathways known to be involved in transduction of the leptin signal. In a specific and concentration-dependent manner, [d-Leu-4]-OB3 induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, PI-3K, Ser-727 STAT3, and Tyr-705 of STAT3. OB3 also induced activation of STAT3 via phosphorylation of ERK1/2, STAT3 Ser-727, STAT3 Tyr-705 and PI-3K p85, but to a lesser degree. Using PD98059 and LY294002, specific inhibitors of MEK and PI-3K, respectively, we were able to identify the signal transduction pathways involved in peptide-induced STAT3 activation. [d-Leu-4]-OB3 induced serine phosphorylation of STAT3 primarily through activation of ERK1/2. Tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3, however, was induced primarily through activation of PI-3K. Our data suggest that in db/db mice, [d-Leu-4]-OB3 binding to short isoforms of the leptin receptor induces intracellular signaling cascades which do not require OB-Rb activation. These signals may ultimately result in peptide effects on transcriptional and translational events associated with energy balance and glycemic regulation. In summary, we have shown for the first time that, similar to leptin, bioactive leptin-related synthetic peptide analogs activate STAT3 via phosphorylation of serine and tyrosine residues by multiple signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yun Lin
- Taipei Cancer Center, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Huei Yang
- Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Yuan Tang
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Guei-Yun Cheng
- Taipei Cancer Center, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Paul J Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Patricia Grasso
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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Leggio A, Catalano S, De Marco R, Barone I, Andò S, Liguori A. Therapeutic potential of leptin receptor modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 78:97-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Dias CC, Nogueira-Pedro A, Barbosa CMV, Ribeiro-Filho AC, Wasinski F, Araújo RC, de Oliveira VX, Miranda A, Paredes-Gamero EJ. Hematopoietic stem cell expansion caused by a synthetic fragment of leptin. Peptides 2013; 50:24-7. [PMID: 24090593 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is a cytokine that regulates food intake, energy expenditure and hematopoiesis. Based on the tridimensional structure of the human leptin molecule, six fragments have been synthesized, (Ac-Lep23-47-NH2, [LEP1]; Ac-Lep48-71-NH2, [LEP2]; Ac-Lep72-88-NH2, [LEP3]; Ac-Lep92-115-NH2, [LEP4], Ac-[Ser(117)]-Lep116-140-NH2, [LEP5] and Ac-Lep141-164-NH2, [LEP6]), and their effects on hematopoiesis were evaluated. The mice were treated with 1mg/kg LEP5 for 3 days. The mature and primitive hematopoietic populations were quantified. We observed that the mature populations from the bone marrow and spleen were not affected by LEP5. However, the peptide caused at least a two-fold increase in the number of hematopoietic stem cells, the most primitive population of the bone marrow. Additionally, the number of granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming units produced by bone marrow cells in methylcellulose also increased by 40% after treatment with LEP5, and the leptin receptor was activated. These results show that the leptin fragment LEP5 is a positive modulator of the in vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol C Dias
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio 100, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
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Oliveira M, Assis DM, Paschoalin T, Miranda A, Ribeiro EB, Juliano MA, Brömme D, Christoffolete MA, Barros NMT, Carmona AK. Cysteine cathepsin S processes leptin, inactivating its biological activity. J Endocrinol 2012; 214:217-24. [PMID: 22653842 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is a 16 kDa hormone mainly produced by adipocytes that plays an important role in many biological events including the regulation of appetite and energy balance, atherosclerosis, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, the immune response, and inflammation. The search for proteolytic enzymes capable of processing leptin prompted us to investigate the action of cysteine cathepsins on human leptin degradation. In this study, we observed high cysteine peptidase expression and hydrolytic activity in white adipose tissue (WAT), which was capable of degrading leptin. Considering these results, we investigated whether recombinant human cysteine cathepsins B, K, L, and S were able to degrade human leptin. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that among the tested enzymes, cathepsin S exhibited the highest catalytic activity on leptin. Furthermore, using a Matrigel assay, we observed that the leptin fragments generated by cathepsin S digestion did not exhibit angiogenic action on endothelial cells and were unable to inhibit food intake in Wistar rats after intracerebroventricular administration. Taken together, these results suggest that cysteine cathepsins may be putative leptin activity regulators in WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Oliveira
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
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Waldrop MA, Leinung MC, Lee DW, Grasso P. Intranasal delivery of mouse [D-Leu-4]-OB3, a synthetic peptide amide with leptin-like activity, improves energy balance, glycaemic control, insulin sensitivity and bone formation in leptin-resistant C57BLK/6-m db/db mice. Diabetes Obes Metab 2010; 12:871-5. [PMID: 20920039 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently shown that intranasal administration of mouse [D-Leu-4]-OB3 reconstituted in Intravail(®) to male Swiss Webster mice resulted in significantly higher uptake and bioavailability when compared with commonly used injection methods of delivery. AIM AND METHODS In this study, we examined the effects of intranasal delivery of mouse [D-Leu-4]-OB3 in Intravail(®) on energy balance, glucose regulation, insulin secretion and serum levels of osteocalcin, a specific and sensitive marker of bone formation. Genetically obese C57BLK/6-m db/db mice were allowed food and water ad libitum and given either Intravail(®) alone or mouse [D-Leu-4]-OB3 in Intravail(®) for 14 days by intranasal instillation. RESULTS Mouse [D-Leu-4]-OB3 reduced body weight gain, daily food intake, daily water intake and serum glucose by 11.5, 2.2, 4.0 and 61.9%, respectively. Serum insulin levels in db/db mice given mouse [D-Leu-4]-OB3 were approximately threefold lower than those in mice receiving Intravail(®) alone. Mouse [D-Leu-4]-OB3 elevated serum osteocalcin in db/db mice by 28.7% over Intravail(®) treated control mice. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study indicate that intranasal delivery of biologically active mouse [D-Leu-4]-OB3 in Intravail(®) is feasible and has significant effects on regulating body weight gain, food and water intake, serum glucose, insulin sensitivity and bone formation in leptin-resistant C57BLK/6-m db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Waldrop
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
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Novakovic ZM, Leinung MC, Lee DW, Grasso P. Oral delivery of mouse [d-Leu-4]-OB3, a synthetic peptide amide with leptin-like activity, in male C57BL/6J wild-type and ob/ob mice: effects on energy balance, glycaemic control and serum osteocalcin levels. Diabetes Obes Metab 2010; 12:532-9. [PMID: 20518808 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2009.01189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently shown that intranasal administration of mouse [d-Leu-4]-OB3 reconstituted in Intravail to male Swiss Webster mice resulted in significantly higher bioavailability than commonly used injections methods of delivery. The absorption profile associated with intranasal delivery of mouse [d-Leu-4]-OB3 showed an early peak representing absorption across the nasal mucosa, and a later peak suggesting a gastrointestinal site of uptake. AIM AND METHODS In the present study, we examined the effects of orally administered (by gavage) mouse [d-Leu-4]-OB3 on energy balance, glycaemic control and serum osteocalcin levels in male C57BL/6J wild-type and ob/ob mice allowed food and water ad libitum or calorie restricted by 40% of normal intake. RESULTS In wild-type mice fed ad libitum, oral delivery of mouse [d-Leu-4]-OB3 reduced body weight gain, food intake and serum glucose, by 4.4, 6.8 and 28.2% respectively. Serum osteocalcin levels and water intake were essentially the same in control and treated wild-type mice. In ob/ob mice fed ad libitum, mouse [d-Leu-4]-OB3 reduced body weight gain, food intake, water intake and serum glucose by 11.6, 16.5, 22.4 and 24.4% respectively. Serum osteocalcin in ob/ob mice treated with mouse [d-Leu-4]-OB3 was elevated by 62% over controls. Calorie restriction alone caused significant weight loss in both wild-type (9.0%) and ob/ob (4.8%) mice, and mouse [d-Leu-4]-OB3 did not further enhance this weight loss. As expected, serum glucose levels in wild-type and ob/ob mice were significantly reduced by calorie restriction alone. Mouse [d-Leu-4]-OB3 further reduced serum glucose in wild-type mice and normalized levels in ob/ob mice. Calorie restriction alone reduced serum osteocalcin levels by 44.2% in wild-type mice and by 19.1% in ob/ob mice. Mouse [d-Leu-4]-OB3 prevented this decrease in groups of mice. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that oral delivery of mouse [d-Leu-4]-OB3 in Intravail is possible and may have potential not only as an alternative therapy in the treatment of human obesity and some of its associated metabolic dysfunctions, but also may help to prevent and/or reverse at least some of the bone loss which accompanies osteoporosis, anorexia nervosa and other wasting diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z M Novakovic
- Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA
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Lee DW, Leinung MC, Grasso P. Oral delivery of mouse [D-Leu-4]-OB3, a synthetic peptide amide with leptin-like activity, in male Swiss Webster mice: A study comparing the pharmacokinetics of oral delivery to intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intranasal administration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 160:129-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Desde o descobrimento da leptina, avanços consideráveis foram obtidos na caracterização dos mecanismos hipotalâmicos do controle da ingestão alimentar e, atualmente, a oxintomodulina é reconhecida como um regulador da homeostase energética. O presente artigo de revisão enfoca algumas das mais relevantes inter-relações do hormônio oxintomodulina com o apetite, a homeostase energética e aspectos de seu papel na bioquímica e fisiologia nutricional. A oxintomodulina é um peptídeo intestinal anorexígeno produzido pelas células L do intestino. Recentes estudos têm demonstrado que em longo prazo a administração de oxintomodulina reduz a ingestão alimentar e o ganho de peso. Pesquisas em humanos têm verificado que o seu uso reduz o consumo energértico em 25%. Portanto, a oxintomodulina representa uma potente terapia anti-obesidade. Entretanto, o mecanismo de ação da oxintomodulina ainda é desconhecido. Atuais evidências sugerem que tem ação via receptor do peptídeo semelhante ao glucagon 1. Além disso, a literatura mostra que, juntamente com a adoção de hábitos saudáveis e a mudança do estilo de vida, a oxintomodulina pode proporcionar menor avanço da obesidade.
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Pimentel GD, Zemdegs JCS, Theodoro JA, Mota JF. Does long-term coffee intake reduce type 2 diabetes mellitus risk? Diabetol Metab Syndr 2009; 1:6. [PMID: 19825198 PMCID: PMC2761298 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-1-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review reports the evidence for a relation between long-term coffee intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Numerous epidemiological studies have evaluated this association and, at this moment, at least fourteen out of eighteen cohort studies revealed a substantially lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus with frequent coffee intake. Moderate coffee intake (>/=4 cups of coffee/d of 150 mL or >/=400 mg of caffeine/d) has generally been associated with a decrease in the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Besides, results of most studies suggest a dose-response relation, with greater reductions in type 2 diabetes mellitus risk with higher levels of coffee consumption. Several mechanisms underlying this protective effect, as well as the coffee components responsible for this association are suggested. Despite positive findings, it is still premature to recommend an increase in coffee consumption as a public health strategy to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus. More population-based surveys are necessary to clarify the long-term effects of decaffeinated and caffeinated coffee intake on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo D Pimentel
- Department of Physiology, Division of Nutrition Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliane CS Zemdegs
- Department of Physiology, Division of Nutrition Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joyce A Theodoro
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition and Health Sciences Institute, Campinas, Brazil
| | - João F Mota
- Department of Physiology, Division of Nutrition Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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