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Wang X, Wolber FM, Ye A, Stroebinger N, Hamlin A, Zhu P, Montoya CA, Singh H. Gastric digestion of cow milk, almond milk and oat milk in rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:10981-10993. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02261c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, gastric digestion of isocaloric and iso-macronutrient cow milk, almond milk and oat milk were compared in rats euthanized at different post-feeding times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Frances M. Wolber
- Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Aiqian Ye
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Natascha Stroebinger
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Aimee Hamlin
- Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Peter Zhu
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Carlos A. Montoya
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Smart Foods and Bioproducts, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Yang C, Han L, Li P, Ding Y, Zhu Y, Huang Z, Dan X, Shi Y, Kang X. Characterization and Duodenal Transcriptome Analysis of Chinese Beef Cattle With Divergent Feed Efficiency Using RNA-Seq. Front Genet 2021; 12:741878. [PMID: 34675965 PMCID: PMC8524388 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.741878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Residual feed intake (RFI) is an important measure of feed efficiency for agricultural animals. Factors associated with cattle RFI include physiology, dietary factors, and the environment. However, a precise genetic mechanism underlying cattle RFI variations in duodenal tissue is currently unavailable. The present study aimed to identify the key genes and functional pathways contributing to variance in cattle RFI phenotypes using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Six bulls with extremely high or low RFIs were selected for detecting differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by RNA-seq, followed by conducting GO, KEGG enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI), and co-expression network (WGCNA, n = 10) analysis. A total of 380 differentially expressed genes was obtained from high and low RFI groups, including genes related to energy metabolism (ALDOA, HADHB, INPPL1), mitochondrial function (NDUFS1, RFN4, CUL1), and feed intake behavior (CCK). Two key sub-networks and 26 key genes were detected using GO analysis of DEGs and PPI analysis, such as TPM1 and TPM2, which are involved in mitochondrial pathways and protein synthesis. Through WGCNA, a gene network was built, and genes were sorted into 27 modules, among which the blue (r = 0.72, p = 0.03) and salmon modules (r = -0.87, p = 0.002) were most closely related with RFI. DEGs and genes from the main sub-networks and closely related modules were largely involved in metabolism; oxidative phosphorylation; glucagon, ribosome, and N-glycan biosynthesis, and the MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Through WGCNA, five key genes, including FN1 and TPM2, associated with the biological regulation of oxidative processes and skeletal muscle development were identified. Taken together, our data suggest that the duodenum has specific biological functions in regulating feed intake. Our findings provide broad-scale perspectives for identifying potential pathways and key genes involved in the regulation of feed efficiency in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyun Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Liyun Han
- Ningxia Agriculture Reclamation Helanshan Diary Co.Ltd., Yinchuan, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yanling Ding
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zengwen Huang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xingang Dan
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuangang Shi
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaolong Kang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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Roomruangwong C, Sirivichayakul S, Matsumoto AK, Michelin AP, de Oliveira Semeão L, de Lima Pedrão JV, Barbosa DS, Moreira EG, Maes M. Menstruation distress is strongly associated with hormone-immune-metabolic biomarkers. J Psychosom Res 2021; 142:110355. [PMID: 33444909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between menstruation features and symptoms and hormone-immune-metabolic biomarkers. METHODS Forty-one women completed questionnaires assessing characteristic menstruation symptoms, duration of menstrual cycle and number of pads used/day and completed the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) during the consecutive days of their menstrual cycle. Menses-related symptoms (MsRS) were computed from the sum of 10 pre- and post-menses symptoms and the menstruation blood and duration index (MBDI) was computed based on the daily number of pads and duration of menses. We assayed serum levels of various biomarkers at days 7, 14, 21, and 28 of the subjects' menstrual cycle. RESULTS MBDI was significantly associated with a) MsRS including low abdominal cramps, and gastro-intestinal (GI) and pain symptoms (positively); b) plasma levels of haptoglobin (Hp), CCL5, insulin growth factor (IGF)-1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)1 (all positively); and c) estradiol and paraoxonase (PON)1 arylesterase activity (both inversely). MsRS were significantly predicted by CCL5 and IGF-1 (both positively) and progesterone (inversely). Low-abdominal cramps, and gastro-intestinal and pain symptoms were associated with lower progesterone levels. The MBDI+MsRS score was significantly predicted by the cumulative effects of (in descending order of importance): Hp, IGF-1, PON1 arylesterase, estradiol and PAI. CONCLUSION Menstruation-related features including estimated blood loss, duration of menses, cramps, pain, and gastro-intestinal symptoms are associated with hormone-immune-metabolic biomarkers, which mechanistically may explain those features. Future research should construct a cross-validated algorithm using MBDI+MsRS features in a larger study group to delineate a useful case-definition of menstruation-related distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutima Roomruangwong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunee Sirivichayakul
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Andressa Keiko Matsumoto
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Michelin
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Laura de Oliveira Semeão
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - João Victor de Lima Pedrão
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Decio S Barbosa
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Estefania G Moreira
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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Liu W, Jin Y, Wilde PJ, Hou Y, Wang Y, Han J. Mechanisms, physiology, and recent research progress of gastric emptying. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2742-2755. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1784841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Liu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangyi Jin
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peter J. Wilde
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
- Food Innovation and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Yingying Hou
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Han
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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Birsen İ, İzgüt-Uysal VN, Soylu H, Üstünel İ. The effect of apelin-13 on gastric ischemia/reperfusion injury: the roles of sensory nerves and vagus nerve. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 98:282-295. [PMID: 31821012 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is a peptide that plays a role in physiological processes such as angiogenesis, apoptosis, and proliferation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons and vagus in the effect of apelin against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The experimental groups were (1) control, (2) I/R, (3) apelin + I/R, (4) vagotomy + I/R, (5) vagotomy + apelin + I/R, (6) capsaicin + I/R, (7) capsaicin + apelin + I/R, (8) lorglumide + I/R, and (9) lorglumide + apelin + I/R. To test the potential gastroprotective effect of apelin-13, apelin-13 (2 mg/kg i.v.) was administered just before both ischemia and reperfusion. A vagotomy was performed 1 week before I/R in the vagotomized groups; capsaicin (125 mg/kg s.c.) was administrated 2 weeks before I/R in the capsaicin-treated groups and lorglumide (5 mg/kg i.p.) was administered 30 min before I/R in the lorglumide-treated groups. After I/R, a variety parameters in gastric tissue were analyzed. cfos expression was determined in brainstem samples. In the I/R group, the lesion index, myeloperoxidase activity, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, and tumor necrosis factor-α increased, and mucosal blood flow, prostaglandin-E2, and calcitonin gene related peptide decreased. Apelin prevented the damaging effects of I/R and increased cfos expression in brainstem areas. Vagotomy, capsaicin, and lorglumide largely eliminated the gastroprotective effects of apelin-13. This study showed that sensory nerves and the vagus play regulatory roles in apelin-induced gastroprotection. Cholecystokinin may play a role in the effect of apelin through sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlknur Birsen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Biruni University, 34096 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - V Nimet İzgüt-Uysal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Soylu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Düzce University, 81620 Düzce, Turkey
| | - İsmail Üstünel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
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Sultana S, Dey R, Bishayi B. Role of plasminogen activator inhibitor – 1 (PAI-1) in regulating the pathogenesis of S. aureus arthritis via plasminogen pathway. Immunol Lett 2019; 209:53-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Kim HY, Kim K, Lee YM, Cho H. Aster pseudoglehni extract stimulates cholecystokinin and serotonin secretion in vitro and reduces gastric emptying in vivo. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Zhou JP, Wang F, Yi XQ, Wang XY, Jiang YS, Geng Y, Wang JJ. [Effects of embryonic lead exposure on food intake and bowel movement in offspring rats and possible mechanisms]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2017; 19:463-469. [PMID: 28407837 PMCID: PMC7389659 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of embryonic lead exposure on food intake and bowel movement in offspring rats and possible mechanisms. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were given 0.1% (low-dose lead exposure group) or 0.2% (high-dose lead exposure group) lead acetate freely during pregnancy to establish an animal model of embryonic lead exposure. A blank control group was also established. The male offspring rats were enrolled in the study, and 10 male offspring rats from each group were selected to observe the changes in food intake, bowel movement, gastric emptying, intestine propulsion, and pathological inflammatory response in the gastric mucosa. Eight offspring rats were selected from each group, and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the changes in the ultrastructure of jejunal microvilli and cell junction and the expression of cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8) and motilin (MTL) in the feeding center, in order to reveal the possible mechanisms for abnormal gastrointestinal motility in offspring rats induced by embryonic lead exposure. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the low- and high-dose lead exposure groups had a significant reduction in daily food intake, a significant increase in water content of feces, a significant reduction in fecal pellet weight, and a significant increase in small intestine propulsion (P<0.05). The high-dose lead exposure group had a significant reduction in gastric emptying ability compared with the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the lead exposure groups had significantly greater pathological inflammatory changes in the gastric mucosa (P<0.05), significant reductions in the number and length of the jejunal microvilli and the number of epithelial desmosome junctions (P<0.05), a significant increase in the macula densa gap (P<0.05), and significant increases in the expression of MTL and CCK-8 in the feeding center (P<0.05), in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS The degree of gastrointestinal structural injury and expression levels of MTL and CCK-8 in the feeding center are lead dose-dependent, which may be important mechanisms for changes in food intake, bowel movement, and digestive functions in offspring rats induced by embryonic lead exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
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Dockray GJ. Restraining the trophic effects of gastrin. Peptides 2016; 82:128-129. [PMID: 27156428 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Dockray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK.
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Plasticity of gastro-intestinal vagal afferent endings. Physiol Behav 2014; 136:170-8. [PMID: 24657740 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vagal afferents are a vital link between the peripheral tissue and central nervous system (CNS). There is an abundance of vagal afferents present within the proximal gastrointestinal tract which are responsible for monitoring and controlling gastrointestinal function. Whilst essential for maintaining homeostasis there is a vast amount of literature emerging which describes remarkable plasticity of vagal afferents in response to endogenous as well as exogenous stimuli. This plasticity for the most part is vital in maintaining healthy processes; however, there are increased reports of vagal plasticity being disrupted in pathological states, such as obesity. Many of the disruptions, observed in obesity, have the potential to reduce vagal afferent satiety signalling which could ultimately perpetuate the obese state. Understanding how plasticity occurs within vagal afferents will open a whole new understanding of gut function as well as identify new treatment options for obesity.
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Abstract
The landmark discovery by Bayliss and Starling in 1902 of the first hormone, secretin, emerged from earlier observations that a response (pancreatic secretion) following a stimulus (intestinal acidification) occurred after section of the relevant afferent nerve pathway. Nearly 80 years elapsed before it became clear that visceral afferent neurons could themselves also be targets for gut and other hormones. The action of gut hormones on vagal afferent neurons is now recognised to be an early step in controlling nutrient delivery to the intestine by regulating food intake and gastric emptying. Interest in these mechanisms has grown rapidly in view of the alarming global increase in obesity. Several of the gut hormones (cholecystokinin (CCK); peptide YY3-36 (PYY3-36); glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)) excite vagal afferent neurons to activate an ascending pathway leading to inhibition of food intake. Conversely others, e.g. ghrelin, that are released in the inter-digestive period, inhibit vagal afferent neurons leading to increased food intake. Nutrient status determines the neurochemical phenotype of vagal afferent neurons by regulating a switch between states that promote orexigenic or anorexigenic signalling through mechanisms mediated, at least partly, by CCK. Gut-brain signalling is also influenced by leptin, by gut inflammation and by shifts in the gut microbiota including those that occur in obesity. Moreover, there is emerging evidence that diet-induced obesity locks the phenotype of vagal afferent neurons in a state similar to that normally occurring during fasting. Vagal afferent neurons are therefore early integrators of peripheral signals underling homeostatic mechanisms controlling nutrient intake. They may also provide new targets in developing treatments for obesity and feeding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Dockray
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
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