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Dupuis O, Van Gaever M, Montel V, Dereumetz J, Coq JO, Canu MH, Dupont E. Early movement restriction affects the acquisition of neurodevelopmental reflexes in rat pups. Brain Res 2024; 1828:148773. [PMID: 38244757 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Childhood is a period of construction of the organism, during which interactions with the environment and regular physical activity are necessary for the maturation of the neuronal networks. An atypical sensorimotor activity during childhood (due to bed-rest or neurodevelopmental disorders) impacts the development of the neuromuscular system. A model of sensorimotor restriction (SMR) developed in rats has shown that casting pups' hind limbs from postnatal day 1 (P1) to P28 induced a severe perturbation of motor behavior, due to muscle weakness as well as disturbances within the central nervous system. In the present study, our objective was to determine whether SMR affects the early postnatal ontogenesis. We explored the neuromuscular development through the determination of the age for achievement of the main neurodevelopmental reflexes, which represent reliable indicators of neurological and behavioral development. We also evaluated the maturation of postural control. Our results demonstrate that SMR induces a delay in the motor development, illustrated by a several days delay in the acquisition of a mature posture and in the acquisition reflexes: hind limb grasping, righting, hind limb placing, cliff avoidance, negative geotaxis. In conclusion, impaired physical activity and low interactions with environment during early development result in altered maturation of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlane Dupuis
- Univ Lille, Univ Artois, Univ Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369, URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Melanie Van Gaever
- Univ Lille, Univ Artois, Univ Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369, URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Valerie Montel
- Univ Lille, Univ Artois, Univ Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369, URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Julie Dereumetz
- Univ Lille, Univ Artois, Univ Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369, URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Jacques-Olivier Coq
- Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement (ISM), Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Helene Canu
- Univ Lille, Univ Artois, Univ Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369, URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, F59000 Lille, France.
| | - Erwan Dupont
- Univ Lille, Univ Artois, Univ Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369, URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, F59000 Lille, France
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Juacy Rodrigues Costa-de-Santana B, Manhães-de-Castro R, José Cavalcanti Bezerra Gouveia H, Roberto Silva E, Antônio da Silva Araújo M, Cabral Lacerda D, Guzmán-Quevedo O, Torner L, Elisa Toscano A. Motor deficits are associated with increased glial cell activation in the hypothalamus and cerebellum of young rats subjected to cerebral palsy. Brain Res 2023; 1814:148447. [PMID: 37301423 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a syndrome characterized by a wide range of sensory and motor damage, associated with behavioral and cognitive deficits. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of a model of CP using a combination of perinatal anoxia and sensorimotor restriction of hind paws to replicate motor, behavioral and neural deficits. A total of 30 of male Wistar rats were divided into Control (C, n = 15), and CP (CP, n = 15) groups. The potential of the CP model was assessed by evaluating food intake, the behavioral satiety sequence, performance on the CatWalk and parallel bars, muscle strength, and locomotor activity. The weight of the encephalon, soleus, and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles, and the activation of glial cells (microglia and astrocytes) were also measured. The CP animals showed delayed satiety, impaired locomotion on the CatWalk and open field test, reduced muscle strength, and reduced motor coordination. CP also reduced the weight of the soleus and muscles, brain weight, liver weight, and quantity of fat in various parts of the body. There was also found to be an increase in astrocyte and microglia activation in the cerebellum and hypothalamus (arcuate nucleus, ARC) of animals subjected to CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Juacy Rodrigues Costa-de-Santana
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil; Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, 50670-420, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Neuronutriton and Food Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México (TECNM)/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Raul Manhães-de-Castro
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil; Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, 50670-420, Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Henrique José Cavalcanti Bezerra Gouveia
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, 50670-420, Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Eliesly Roberto Silva
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio da Silva Araújo
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Diego Cabral Lacerda
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Omar Guzmán-Quevedo
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Neuronutriton and Food Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México (TECNM)/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Luz Torner
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Ana Elisa Toscano
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil; Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, 50670-420, Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, 50670-420, Brazil; Nursing Unit, Vitória Academic Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão-Pernambuco, 55608-680, Brazil.
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Tsuji M, Mukai T, Sato Y, Azuma Y, Yamamoto S, Cayetanot F, Bodineau L, Onoda A, Nagamura-Inoue T, Coq JO. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cell therapy to prevent the development of neurodevelopmental disorders related to low birth weight. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3841. [PMID: 36882440 PMCID: PMC9992354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Low birth weight (LBW) increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) such as attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder and autism spectrum disorder, as well as cerebral palsy, for which no prophylactic measure exists. Neuroinflammation in fetuses and neonates plays a major pathogenic role in NDDs. Meanwhile, umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSCs) exhibit immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, we hypothesized that systemic administration of UC-MSCs in the early postnatal period may attenuate neuroinflammation and thereby prevent the emergence of NDDs. The LBW pups born to dams subjected to mild intrauterine hypoperfusion exhibited a significantly lesser decrease in the monosynaptic response with increased frequency of stimulation to the spinal cord preparation from postnatal day 4 (P4) to P6, suggesting hyperexcitability, which was improved by intravenous administration of human UC-MSCs (1 × 105 cells) on P1. Three-chamber sociability tests at adolescence revealed that only LBW males exhibited disturbed sociability, which tended to be ameliorated by UC-MSC treatment. Other parameters, including those determined via open-field tests, were not significantly improved by UC-MSC treatment. Serum or cerebrospinal fluid levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were not elevated in the LBW pups, and UC-MSC treatment did not decrease these levels. In conclusion, although UC-MSC treatment prevents hyperexcitability in LBW pups, beneficial effects for NDDs are marginal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Tsuji
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, 35 Kitahiyoshi-cho, Imakumano, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto, 605-8501, Japan.
| | - Takeo Mukai
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sato
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasue Azuma
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, 35 Kitahiyoshi-cho, Imakumano, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto, 605-8501, Japan
| | - Saki Yamamoto
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, 35 Kitahiyoshi-cho, Imakumano, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto, 605-8501, Japan
| | - Florence Cayetanot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR_S1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Bodineau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR_S1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Atsuto Onoda
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tokiko Nagamura-Inoue
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jacques-Olivier Coq
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences du Mouvement (ISM) UMR7287, Aix Marseille Université, 163 avenue de Luminy, CC 910, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France.
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Robinson S, Winer JL, Kitase Y, Brigman JL, Jantzie LL. Neonatal administration of erythropoietin attenuates cognitive deficits in adult rats following placental insufficiency. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:2112-2126. [PMID: 33611820 PMCID: PMC10097461 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth is a principal cause of neurological disability later in life, including cognitive and behavioral deficits. Notably, cognitive impairment has greater impact on quality of life than physical disability. Survivors of preterm birth commonly have deficits of executive function. Difficulties with tasks and planning complexity correlate positively with increasing disability. To overcome these barriers for children born preterm, preclinical and clinical studies have emphasized the importance of neurorestoration. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a endogenous cytokine with multiple beneficial mechanisms of action following perinatal brain injury. While most preclinical investigations have focused on pathology and molecular mechanisms, translational studies of repair using clinically viable biobehavioral biomarkers are still lacking. Here, using an established model of encephalopathy of prematurity secondary to placental insufficiency, we tested the hypothesis that administration of EPO in the neonatal period would attenuate deficits in recognition memory and cognitive flexibility in adult rats of both sexes. We assessed cognition and executive function in two ways. First, using the classic test of novel object recognition and second, using a touchscreen platform. Touchscreen testing allows for rigorous testing of cognition and executive function in preclinical and clinical scenarios. Data show that adult rats exhibit deficits in recognition memory and cognitive flexibility following in utero placental insufficiency. Notably, neonatal treatment of EPO attenuates these deficits in adulthood and facilitates functional repair. Together, these data validate EPO neurorestoration using a clinically relevant outcome measure and support the concept that postnatal treatment following in utero injury can improve cognition and executive function through adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenandoah Robinson
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jesse L Winer
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yuma Kitase
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan L Brigman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lauren L Jantzie
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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5
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Liu W, Hu Y, Li J, Chang J. Effect of Virtual Reality on Balance Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:865474. [PMID: 35548088 PMCID: PMC9081327 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.865474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual Reality (VR) therapy is popular in treating children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) as a new technology for rehabilitation. Nevertheless, no substantial evidence supporting VR therapy promotion has been developed to date. This study aimed to investigate the effects of VR therapy on balance in children with CP. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed and Web of Science (updated to December 30, 2021). The systematic review and meta-analysis included all randomized controlled trials that included children with CP. A total of 18 RCT studies were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review, and meta-analysis was performed on 16 of them. Results showed that the VR intervention was beneficial for balance (SMD 0.47 [95% CI, SD 0.28, 0.66]). We concluded that VR therapy interventions for children with CP have positive effects. However, cautious implementation is needed in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Physical Education, Xuzhou Kindergarten Teachers College, Xuzhou, China
- Institute of Motor Quotient, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyan Hu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Yunlin Normal University, Yunlin, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Ministry of Sports, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Junfeng Li
| | - Jindong Chang
- Institute of Motor Quotient, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Jindong Chang
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Coupeau P, Fasquel JB, Mazerand E, Menei P, Montero-Menei CN, Dinomais M. Patch-based 3D U-Net and transfer learning for longitudinal piglet brain segmentation on MRI. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 214:106563. [PMID: 34890993 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In order to study neural plasticity in immature brain following early brain lesion, large animal model are needed. Because of its morphological similarities with the human developmental brain, piglet is a suitable but little used one. Its study from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) requires the development of automatic algorithms for the segmentation of the different structures and tissues. A crucial preliminary step consists in automatically segmenting the brain. METHODS We propose a fully automatic brain segmentation method applied to piglets by combining a 3D patch-based U-Net and a post-processing pipeline for spatial regularization and elimination of false positives. Our approach also integrates a transfer-learning strategy for managing an automated longitudinal monitoring evaluated for four developmental stages (2, 6, 10 and 18 weeks), facing the issue of MRI changes resulting from the rapid brain development. It is compared to a 2D approach and the Brain Extraction Tool (BET) as well as techniques adapted to other animals (rodents, macaques). The influence of training patches size and distribution is studied as well as the benefits of spatial regularization. RESULTS Results show that our approach is efficient in terms of average Dice score (0.952) and Hausdorff distance (8.51), outperforming the use of a 2D U-Net (Dice: 0.919, Hausdorff distance: 11.06) and BET (Dice: 0.764, Hausdorff distance: 25.91). The transfer-learning strategy achieves a good performance on older piglets (Dice of 0.934 at 6 weeks, 0.956 at 10 weeks and 0.958 at 18 weeks) compared to a standard training strategy with few data (Dice of 0.636 at 6 weeks, 0.907 at 10 weeks, not calculable at 18 weeks because of too few training piglets). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we provide a method for longitudinal MRI piglet brain segmentation based on 3D U-Net and transfer learning which can be used for future morphometric studies and applied to other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Coupeau
- Université d'Angers, LARIS, SFR MATHSTIC, F-49000 Angers, France.
| | - J-B Fasquel
- Université d'Angers, LARIS, SFR MATHSTIC, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - E Mazerand
- CRCINA, UMR 1232, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, F-49933 Angers, France; Département de neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, France
| | - P Menei
- CRCINA, UMR 1232, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, F-49933 Angers, France; Département de neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, France
| | - C N Montero-Menei
- CRCINA, UMR 1232, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, F-49933 Angers, France
| | - M Dinomais
- Université d'Angers, LARIS, SFR MATHSTIC, F-49000 Angers, France; Département de médecine physique et de réadaptation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, France
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Sanches EF, Carvalho AS, van de Looij Y, Toulotte A, Wyse AT, Netto CA, Sizonenko SV. Experimental cerebral palsy causes microstructural brain damage in areas associated to motor deficits but no spatial memory impairments in the developing rat. Brain Res 2021; 1761:147389. [PMID: 33639200 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral palsy (CP) is the major cause of motor and cognitive impairments during childhood. CP can result from direct or indirect structural injury to the developing brain. In this study, we aimed to describe brain damage and behavioural alterations during early adult life in a CP model using the combination of maternal inflammation, perinatal anoxia and postnatal sensorimotor restriction. METHODS Pregnant Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with 200 µg/kg LPS at embryonic days E18 and E19. Between 3 and 6 h after birth (postnatal day 0 - PND0), pups of both sexes were exposed to anoxia for 20 min. From postnatal day 2 to 21, hindlimbs of animals were immobilized for 16 h daily during their active phase. From PND40, locomotor and cognitive tests were performed using Rota-Rod, Ladder Walking and Morris water Maze. Ex-vivo MRI Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) were used to assess macro and microstructural damage and brain volume alterations induced by the model. Myelination and expression of neuronal, astroglial and microglial markers, as well as apoptotic cell death were evaluated by immunofluorescence. RESULTS CP animals showed decreased body weight, deficits in gross (rota-rod) and fine (ladder walking) motor tasks compared to Controls. No cognitive impairments were observed. Ex-vivo MRI showed decreased brain volumes and impaired microstructure in the cingulate gyrus and sensory cortex in CP brains. Histological analysis showed increased cell death, astrocytic reactivity and decreased thickness of the corpus callosum and altered myelination in CP animals. Hindlimb primary motor cortex analysis showed increased apoptosis in CP animals. Despite the increase in NeuN and GFAP, no differences between groups were observed as well as no co-localization with the apoptotic marker. However, an increase in Iba-1+ microglia with co-localization to cleaved caspase 3 was observed. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that experimental CP induces long-term brain microstructural alterations in myelinated structures, cell death in the hindlimb primary motor cortex and locomotor impairments. Such new evidence of brain damage could help to better understand CP pathophysiological mechanisms and guide further research for neuroprotective and neurorehabilitative strategies for CP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Sanches
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A S Carvalho
- Post-graduation Program of Neuroscience, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Y van de Looij
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Center for Biomedical Imaging - Animal Imaging and Technology (CIBM-AIT), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Toulotte
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A T Wyse
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - C A Netto
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - S V Sizonenko
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Vanden Hole C, Ayuso M, Aerts P, Van Cruchten S, Thymann T, Sangild PT, Van Ginneken C. Preterm Birth Affects Early Motor Development in Pigs. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:731877. [PMID: 34692609 PMCID: PMC8529956 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.731877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Preterm infants frequently show neuromotor dysfunctions, but it is not clear how reduced gestational age at birth may induce developmental coordination disorders. Advancing postnatal age, not only post-conceptional age, may determine neuromuscular development, and early interventions in preterm newborns may improve their later motor skills. An animal model of preterm birth that allows early postnatal detection of movement patterns may help to investigate this hypothesis. Methods: Using pigs as a model for moderately preterm infants, preterm (106-day gestation, equivalent to 90% of normal gestation time; n = 38) and term (115-day gestation, equivalent to 99% of normal gestation time; n = 20) individuals were delivered by cesarean section and artificially reared until postnatal day 19 (preweaning period). The neuromotor skills of piglets were documented using spatiotemporal gait analyses on video recordings of locomotion at self-selected speed at postnatal age 3, 4, 5, 8, and 18 days. Results were controlled for effects of body weight and sex. Results: Both preterm and term piglets reached mature neuromotor skills and performance between postnatal days 3-5. However, preterm pigs took shorter steps at a higher frequency, than term piglets, irrespective of their body size. Within preterm pigs, males and low birth weight individuals took the shortest steps, and with the highest frequency. Conclusion: Postnatal development of motor skills and gait characteristics in pigs delivered in late gestation may show similarity to the compromised development of gait pattern in preterm infants. Relative to term pigs, the postnatal delay in gait development in preterm pigs was only few days, that is, much shorter than the 10-day reduction in gestation length. This indicates rapid postnatal adaptation of gait pattern after reduced gestational age at birth. Early-life physical training and medical interventions may support both short- and long-term gait development after preterm birth in both pigs and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Vanden Hole
- Laboratory of Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical, Pharmaceutical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Miriam Ayuso
- Laboratory of Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical, Pharmaceutical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Aerts
- Laboratory of Functional Morphology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Van Cruchten
- Laboratory of Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical, Pharmaceutical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thomas Thymann
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Torp Sangild
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chris Van Ginneken
- Laboratory of Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical, Pharmaceutical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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