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Wang X, Zhou P, Zhang Z, Huang Q, Chen X, Ji L, Cheng X, Shi Y, Yu S, Tang J, Sun C, Zhao X, Yu J. A Drosophila model of gestational antimony exposure uncovers growth and developmental disorders caused by disrupting oxidative stress homeostasis. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:418-429. [PMID: 37666440 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The toxic heavy metal antimony (Sb) is ubiquitous in our daily lives. Various models have shown that Sb induces neuronal and reproductive toxicity. However, little is known about the developmental toxicity of Sb exposure during gestation and the underlying mechanisms. To study its effects on growth and development, Drosophila stages from eggs to pupae were exposed to different Sb concentrations (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 mg/mL Sb); RNA sequencing was used to identify the underlying mechanism. The model revealed that prenatal Sb exposure significantly reduced larval body size and weight, the pupation and eclosion rates, and the number of flies at all stages. With 1.2 mg/mL Sb exposure in 3rd instar larvae, 484 genes were upregulated and 694 downregulated compared to controls. Biological analysis showed that the disrupted transcripts were related to the oxidative stress pathway, as verified by reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH) intervention experiments. Sb exposure induced oxidative stress imbalance could be rectified by chelation and antioxidant effects of NAC/GSH. The Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2) model further demonstrated that NAC and GSH greatly ameliorated cell death induced by Sb exposure. In conclusion, gestational Sb exposure disrupted oxidative stress homeostasis, thereby impairing growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Wang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Peiyao Zhou
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Qiuru Huang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Li Ji
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xinmeng Cheng
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Shali Yu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Chi Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Kip AE, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH, Dorlo TPC. Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Systemically Administered Antileishmanial Drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet 2019; 57:151-176. [PMID: 28756612 PMCID: PMC5784002 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-017-0570-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the pharmacokinetic properties of the systemically administered antileishmanial drugs pentavalent antimony, paromomycin, pentamidine, miltefosine and amphotericin B (AMB), including their absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion and potential drug–drug interactions. This overview provides an understanding of their clinical pharmacokinetics, which could assist in rationalising and optimising treatment regimens, especially in combining multiple antileishmanial drugs in an attempt to increase efficacy and shorten treatment duration. Pentavalent antimony pharmacokinetics are characterised by rapid renal excretion of unchanged drug and a long terminal half-life, potentially due to intracellular conversion to trivalent antimony. Pentamidine is the only antileishmanial drug metabolised by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Paromomycin is excreted by the kidneys unchanged and is eliminated fastest of all antileishmanial drugs. Miltefosine pharmacokinetics are characterized by a long terminal half-life and extensive accumulation during treatment. AMB pharmacokinetics differ per drug formulation, with a fast renal and faecal excretion of AMB deoxylate but a much slower clearance of liposomal AMB resulting in an approximately ten-fold higher exposure. AMB and pentamidine pharmacokinetics have never been evaluated in leishmaniasis patients. Studies linking exposure to effect would be required to define target exposure levels in dose optimisation but have only been performed for miltefosine. Limited research has been conducted on exposure at the drug’s site of action, such as skin exposure in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients after systemic administration. Pharmacokinetic data on special patient populations such as HIV co-infected patients are mostly lacking. More research in these areas will help improve clinical outcomes by informed dosing and combination of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke E Kip
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital/MC Slotervaart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H M Schellens
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital/MC Slotervaart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas P C Dorlo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital/MC Slotervaart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Pharmacometrics Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Khosravi A, Sharifi I, Tavakkoli H, Keyhani AR, Afgar A, Salari Z, Bamorovat M, Sharifi F, Khaleghi T, Varma RS, Dabiri S, Nematollahi-Mahani SN, Babaee A, Mostafavi M, Hakimi Parizi M, Derakhshanfar A, Salarkia E. Toxico-pathological effects of meglumine antimoniate on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 56:10-18. [PMID: 30599190 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is one of the most important parasitic diseases after malaria. The standard treatment of leishmaniasis includes pentavalent antimonials (SbV); however, these drugs are associated with serious adverse effects. There have been very few studies pertaining to their side effects and mechanism of action in the fetus. This investigation examines the effects of meglumine antimoniate (MA) on the survival rate, angiogenesis and cellular apoptosis in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were treated with varying doses of MA (100-800 μg/ml) for 24, 48 and 72 h and the survival rate was studied by colorimetric assay, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, migration (scratch) assay and tube formation assay. The results of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) studies indicated that the most important genes involved in presenting angiogenesis included VEGF and its receptors (Kdr and Flt-1), NP1 and Hif-1α genes including the anti-apoptotic gene of Bcl2, were significantly reduced compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In contrast, the most leading genes involved in the phenomenon of apoptosis were P53, Bax, Bak, Apaf-1 and caspases 3, 8 and 9, which were significantly up regulated compared to the control group (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Khosravi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Iraj Sharifi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Hadi Tavakkoli
- Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Ali Reza Keyhani
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Afgar
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences٫ Kerman, Iran
| | - Zohreh Salari
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Center, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Bamorovat
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sharifi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tabandeh Khaleghi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Shahriar Dabiri
- Afzalipour School of Medicine & Pathology and Stem Cells Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Abdolreza Babaee
- Anatomical Sciences Department, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahshid Mostafavi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Hakimi Parizi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amin Derakhshanfar
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Salarkia
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Khosravi A, Sharifi I, Tavakkoli H, Derakhshanfar A, Keyhani AR, Salari Z, Mosallanejad SS, Bamorovat M. Embryonic toxico-pathological effects of meglumine antimoniate using a chick embryo model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196424. [PMID: 29799841 PMCID: PMC5969735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is one of the diverse and neglected tropical diseases. Embryo-toxicity of drugs has always been a major concern. Chick embryo is a preclinical model relevant in the assessment of adverse effects of drugs. The current study aimed to assess embryonic histopathological disorders and amniotic fluid biochemical changes following meglumine antimoniate treatment. The alteration of vascular branching pattern in the chick’s extra-embryonic membrane and exploration of molecular cues to early embryonic vasculogenesis and angiogenesis were also quantified. Embryonated chicken eggs were treated with 75 or 150 mg/kg of meglumine antimoniate. Embryo malformations, growth retardation and haemorrhages on the external body surfaces were accompanied by histopathological lesions in the brain, kidney, liver and heart in a dose-dependent manner. Significant rise occurred in the biochemical indices of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and amylase in the amniotic fluid. Quantification of the extra-embryonic membrane vasculature showed that the anti-angiogenic and anti-vasculogenic effects of the drug were revealed by a significant decrease in fractal dimension value and mean capillary area. The relative expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 mRNA also significantly reduced. Concerns of a probable teratogenicity of meglumine antimoniate were established by data presented in this study. It is concluded that tissue lesions, amniotic fluid disturbance, altered early extra-embryonic vascular development and gene expression as well as the consecutive cascade of events, might eventually lead to developmental defects in embryo following meglumine antimoniate treatment. Therefore, the use of meglumine antimoniate during pregnancy should be considered as potentially embryo-toxic. Hence, physicians should be aware of such teratogenic effects and limit the use of this drug during the growing period of the fetus, particularly in rural communities. Further pharmaceutical investigations are crucial for planning future strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Khosravi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Iraj Sharifi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- * E-mail: (IS); (HT)
| | - Hadi Tavakkoli
- Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
- * E-mail: (IS); (HT)
| | - Amin Derakhshanfar
- Center of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Keyhani
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zohreh Salari
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Bamorovat
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Coelho DR, Miranda ES, Saint'Pierre TD, Paumgartten FJR. Tissue distribution of residual antimony in rats treated with multiple doses of meglumine antimoniate. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 109:420-7. [PMID: 25075781 PMCID: PMC4155842 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276140030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Meglumine antimoniate (MA) and sodium stibogluconate are pentavalent antimony
(SbV) drugs used since the mid-1940s. Notwithstanding the fact that
they are first-choice drugs for the treatment of leishmaniases, there are gaps in our
knowledge of their toxicological profile, mode of action and kinetics. Little is
known about the distribution of antimony in tissues after SbV
administration. In this study, we evaluated the Sb content of tissues from male rats
24 h and three weeks after a 21-day course of treatment with MA (300 mg
SbV/kg body wt/d, subcutaneous). Sb concentrations in the blood and
organs were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. In rats, as
with in humans, the Sb blood levels after MA dosing can be described by a
two-compartment model with a fast (t1/2 = 0.6 h) and a slow (t1/2 >> 24 h)
elimination phase. The spleen was the organ that accumulated the highest amount of
Sb, while bone and thyroid ranked second in descending order of tissues according to
Sb levels (spleen >> bone, thyroid, kidneys > liver, epididymis, lungs,
adrenals > prostate > thymus, pancreas, heart, small intestines > skeletal
muscle, testes, stomach > brain). The pathophysiological consequences of Sb
accumulation in the thyroid and Sb speciation in the liver, thyroid, spleen and bone
warrant further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deise Riba Coelho
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Ambiental, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Elaine Silva Miranda
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Ambiental, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Francisco José Roma Paumgartten
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Ambiental, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Bosquiroli LS, Demarque DP, Rizk YS, Cunha MC, Marques MCS, Matos MDFC, Kadri MC, Carollo CA, Arruda CC. In vitro anti-Leishmania infantum activity of essential oil from Piper angustifolium. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Effects of in utero and lactational exposure to SbV on rat neurobehavioral development and fertility. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 50:98-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Silva JSFE, Galvao TF, Pereira MG, Silva MT. Treatment of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in special populations: a summary of evidence. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2013; 46:669-77. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0104-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Mescouto-Borges MRM, Maués É, Costa DL, da Silva Pranchevicius MC, Romero GAS. Congenitally transmitted visceral leishmaniasis: report of two Brazilian human cases. Braz J Infect Dis 2013; 17:263-6. [PMID: 23453409 PMCID: PMC9427337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Friedrich K, Vieira FA, Porrozzi R, Marchevsky RS, Miekeley N, Grimaldi G, Paumgartten FJR. Disposition of antimony in rhesus monkeys infected with Leishmania braziliensis and treated with meglumine antimoniate. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2012; 75:63-75. [PMID: 22129235 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2012.624826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) disposition and toxicity was evaluated in Leishmania braziliensis-infected monkeys (Macaca mulatta) treated with a 21-d course of low (LOW) or standard (STD) meglumine antimoniate (MA) dosage regimens (5 or 20 mg Sb(V)/kg body weight/d im). Antimony levels in biological matrices were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), while on-line ion chromatography coupled to ICPMS was used to separate and quantify Sb species in plasma. Nadir Sb levels rose steadily from 19.6 ± 4 and 65.1 ± 17.4 ng/g, 24 h after the first injection, up to 27.4 ± 5.8 and 95.7 ± 6.6 ng/g, 24 h after the 21st dose in LOW and SDT groups, respectively. Subsequently, Sb plasma levels gradually declined with a terminal elimination phase half-life of 35.8 d. Antimony speciation in plasma on posttreatment days 1-9 indicated that as total Sb levels declined, proportion of Sb(V) remained nearly constant (11-20%), while proportion of Sb(III) rose from 5% (d 1) to 50% (d 9). Plasma [Sb]/erythrocyte [Sb] ratio was >1 until 12 h after dosing and reversed thereafter. Tissue Sb concentrations (posttreatment days 55 and 95) were as follows: >1000 ng/g in thyroid, nails, liver, gall bladder and spleen; >200 and <1000 ng/g in lymph nodes, kidneys, adrenals, bones, skeletal muscles, heart and skin; and <200 ng/g in various brain structures, thymus, stomach, colon, pancreas. and teeth. Results from this study are therefore consistent with view that Sb(V) is reduced to Sb(III), the active form, within cells from where it is slowly eliminated. Localization of Sb active forms in the thyroid gland and liver and the pathophysiological consequences of marked Sb accumulation in these tissues warrant further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Friedrich
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National School of Public Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Sachetti CG, de Carvalho RR, Paumgartten FJR, Lameira OA, Caldas ED. Developmental toxicity of copaiba tree (Copaifera reticulata Ducke, Fabaceae) oleoresin in rat. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1080-5. [PMID: 21266184 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The oleoresin of the copaiba tree (Copaifera sp., Fabaceae) is traditionally used in Brazilian herbal medicine to treat a variety of illnesses and symptoms. This study, conducted according to the OECD Guideline 414, provides data on the developmental toxicity of oleoresin from C. reticulata (COPA-R) in rats. Pregnant Wistar rats (25 per dose group) were treated by gavage with COPA-R (0, 500, 1000 and 1250 mg/kg bw/day) on gestation days (GD) 6-19 and Caesarean sections performed on GD20. Implantations, living and dead fetuses and resorptions were recorded. Half of the fetuses from each litter were examined for visceral abnormalities and the remaining were cleared and stained for skeleton evaluation. COPA-R was maternally toxic (reduced food intake and weight gain) and embryotoxic (lower fetal body weight and increased occurrence of fetal skeleton variations) at the two highest doses, but did not cause embryo deaths or fetal malformations at any dose level. The study derived an oral no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) for maternal and developmental toxicity induced by COPA-R of 500 mg/kg bw/day. The results suggest that copaiba oleoresin does not pose a health risk to pregnant women when used according to the recommended doses (up to five drops, three times a day).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camile G Sachetti
- Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
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de Siqueira Bueno HM, de Souza Leão Martins R, Pannuti C, dos Santos RN, Sowmy T, Barbosa Junior F, Carvalho-Oliveira R, Bueno Garcia ML, Nascimento Saldiva PH. Metal embryotoxicity from urban particles in Sao Paulo city: an experimental study in chicken embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:1385-1390. [PMID: 20303593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Chicken eggs were inoculated with suspensions of ambient air particles (<or=10 microm, PM10) from Sao Paulo city in 3, 0.3 or 0.03 microg doses on one of the four early days of embryo development. On the eleventh day of development alterations were observed on embryos inoculated with PM10 3 microg on the third day. Particles analysis showed high content of metals. Hence, embryos were also inoculated with PM10 (3 microg) combined with metal chelating EDTA. PM10 (3 microg) embryos presented underdevelopment (stage 29.44+/-11.4) compared to vehicle and positive controls (stage 36.44+/-0.51 Saline and stage 31.20+/-9.7 Cyclophosphamide, p<or=0.05); higher (47%) mortality rate (23% Saline and 42% Cyclophosphamide) and low (68%) viability (100% Saline and 70% Cyclophosphamide, p=0.04). Effects were attenuated when embryos received PM10+EDTA (stage 33.63+/-0.94, 18.9% mortality rate and 82% viability). PM10 from Sao Paulo city is embryotoxic and metal may be implicated in the toxic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa Maria de Siqueira Bueno
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455-sala 1220, CEP 01246-903, São Paulo, Brazil.
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