1
|
Mahdavi Mortazavi SM, Ataollahi M, Mashhadiagha A, Moosavi SA, Moshfeghinia R, Soheili M. Acute toxic effects of areca nut on central nervous system and liver: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7976. [PMID: 37808574 PMCID: PMC10551103 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Areca nut (AN) is an addictive substance widely used in different world regions. There are several side effects associated with the use of AN, which have already been reported. However, the reports on hepatotoxicity of AN are sporadic and non-conclusive. In the present case report, we investigated the hepatotoxicity of AN in a four-year-old Iranian girl who was transferred to our medical center with abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and other symptoms such as hematuria, decreased mental status, multiple seizure episodes. After a comprehensive evaluation, it was concluded that these signs and symptoms were all attributed to AN consumption, which was given by her mother to control diarrhea. Eventually, the patient medical conditions were managed successfully, and she survived by intense medical care. In conclusion, we suggest AN should be considered a potential hepatotoxic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Ataollahi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Namazi Teaching Hospital, Abu Ali Sina Center for Medicine & Organ TransplantShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | | | - Seyed Ali Moosavi
- Student Research CommitteeShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Reze Moshfeghinia
- Student Research CommitteeShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Marzieh Soheili
- College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesWestern New England UniversitySpringfieldMassachusettsUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mandal A, Talukdar D, Das A, Giri A, Barhoi D, Giri S. Areca nut and smokeless tobacco exposure induces micronucleus, other nuclear abnormalities and cytotoxicity in early chick embryo. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:967-979. [PMID: 37078627 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Areca nut (AN) and smokeless tobacco (SLT) are indiscriminately consumed among the populations of Southeast and South Asian countries, even by women during the gestational period. This study aimed to investigate the genotoxic and cytotoxic potentials of AN and Sadagura (SG), a unique homemade SLT preparation, alone and in combination in early chick embryos. Fertile white leghorn chicken eggs were randomly divided into five treatment groups: vehicle control, positive control (Mitomycin C, 20 μg/egg), AN, SG, and AN+SG. AN, SG, and AN+SG were given at dosages of 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/egg. The hen's egg test for micronucleus induction (HET-MN) was performed in chick embryos to evaluate the genotoxic potential of the test agents. Furthermore, the cytotoxic potential was assessed by studying erythroblast cell populations and the polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) to normochromatic erythrocytes (NCEs) ratio. Our results indicated a significant increase (p < .001) in MN frequency and other nuclear abnormalities, suggesting the potential of AN and SG to cause genotoxicity. Also, AN and SG exposure alone and in combination considerably altered the erythroblast cell population (%) and the PCE to NCE ratio in all the treatment periods. Our findings established the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of both AN and SG alone and in combination during early embryonic development in the chick embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Mandal
- Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Doli Talukdar
- Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Aparajita Das
- Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Anirudha Giri
- Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Laboratory of Environmental and Human Toxicology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Dharmeswar Barhoi
- Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
- Department of Zoology, The Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sarbani Giri
- Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Muccee F, Bijou O, Harakeh S, Adawiyah R, Sayyed RZ, Haghshenas L, Alshehri D, Ansari MJ, Ghazanfar S. In-Silico Investigation of Effects of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in PCOS-Associated CYP11A1 Gene on Mutated Proteins. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071231. [PMID: 35886014 PMCID: PMC9317558 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive disorder with multiple etiologies, mainly characterized by the excess production of androgens. It is equally contributed to by genes and environment. The CYP11A1 gene is imperative for steroidogenesis, so any dysregulation or mutation in this gene can lead to PCOS pathogenesis. Therefore, nucleotide diversity in this gene can be helpful in spotting the likelihood of developing PCOS. The present study was initiated to investigate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms in human CYP11A1 gene on different attributes of encoded mutated proteins, i.e., sub-cellular localization, ontology, half-life, isoelectric point, instability index, aliphatic index, extinction coefficient, 3-D and 2-D structures, and transmembrane topology. For this purpose, initially coding sequence (CDS) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were retrieved for the desired gene from Ensembl followed by translation of CDS using EXPASY tool. The protein sequence obtained was subjected to different tools including CELLO2GO, ProtParam, PHYRE2, I-Mutant, SIFT, and PolyPhen. It was found that out of seventy-eight SNPs analyzed in this project, seventeen mutations, i.e., rs750026801 in exon 1, rs776056840, rs779154292 and rs1217014229 in exon 2, rs549043326 in exon 3, rs755186597 in exon 4, rs1224774813, rs757299093 and rs1555425667 in exon 5, rs1454328072 in exon 7, rs762412759 and rs755975808 in exon 8, and rs754610565, rs779413653, rs765916701, rs1368450780, and rs747901197 in exon 9 considerably altered the structure, sub-cellular localization, and physicochemical characteristics of mutated proteins. Among the fifty-nine missense SNPs documented in present study, fifty-five and fifty-three were found to be deleterious according to SIFT and PolyPhen tools, respectively. Forty-nine missense mutations were analyzed to have a decreasing effect on the stability of mutant proteins. Hence, these genetic variants can serve as potential biomarkers in human females for determining the probability of being predisposed to PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Muccee
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Punjab, Lahore 52254, Pakistan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +92-0331-4767254
| | - Osama Bijou
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Faculty of Medicine (FM), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Yousef Abdul Latif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine (FM), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabi’atul Adawiyah
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia;
| | - R. Z. Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, P.S.G.V.P. Mandal’s S I Patil Arts, G B Patel Science and S.T.K.V.S. Sangh Commerce College, Shahada 425409, India;
| | - Leila Haghshenas
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Postdoc Association Member of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02138, USA;
| | - Dikhnah Alshehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly 244001, India;
| | - Shakira Ghazanfar
- National Institute for Genomics Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad 45500, Pakistan;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kimblad A, Ollvik G, Lindh CH, Axelsson J. Decreased sperm counts in Swedish users of oral tobacco. Andrology 2022; 10:1181-1188. [PMID: 35642735 PMCID: PMC9543234 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Smoke‐free tobacco via moist oral snuff (snus) is used daily in more than 20% of Swedish men. Negative effects of cigarette smoking on sperm parameters are well documented, unlike for snuff, despite relevance also for other smoke‐free nicotine products. Objectives We wanted to investigate whether reproductive parameters differed between users and non‐users of snuff, and whether the amount of snuff and nicotine exposure mattered. Materials and methods Men (n = 613) from the general population, recruited 2000–2010, were physically examined, answered questions on smoking and snuff use, and delivered urine, blood and semen samples. Sperm concentration, total sperm count, semen volume, percent morphologically normal and progressively motile sperm, and DNA fragmentation index (by the Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay) and reproductive hormones were analysed. Nicotine exposure was measured through urinary levels of cotinine. We used general linear models, with adjustments including cigarette smoking, and for semen parameters also abstinence time. Results After adjustments, total sperm count was 24% lower (P = 0.03) and testosterone 14% higher (P < 0.001) in 109 users of snuff than in non‐users, whereas cotinine was positively associated with testosterone and oestradiol (P < 0.001). Numbers of boxes of snuff used per week were associated with testosterone and FSH (P < 0.001). Discussion Applied to the general population, the consumption of smoke‐free tobacco by the use of snuff was associated with a lower sperm count and a higher testosterone, for which the extent seemed to play a role. Conclusions Independent of smoking, consumption of snuff was associated with lower total sperm count and different hormone levels. Applying these results to a reported association between sperm count and the chance of pregnancy, men who used snuff would have about a 10% lower chance of fathering a child.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Kimblad
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Sweden.,Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gustav Ollvik
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Sweden.,Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christian H Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Axelsson
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Sweden.,Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Toxic effects of smokeless tobacco on female reproductive health: A review. Curr Res Toxicol 2022; 3:100066. [PMID: 35310558 PMCID: PMC8927787 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2022.100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco use can lead to impairments of ovarian function, morphology, oocyte quality and hormonal regulation. Use of smokeless tobacco during pregnancy has adverse health effects on both the mother and fetus. Exposure to smokeless tobacco in utero has long term health consequences on offspring.
The habitual consumption of tobacco in its various form is widespread and a serious public health issue globally. In particular, the use of smokeless tobacco has increased substantially due to its easy availability and misconception that it is relatively harmless compared to smoking. Tobacco use has been well established from numerous studies as a causative agent of devastating illnesses such as cancer, insulin resistance, hypertension, acute respiratory disease, osteoporosis, etc. Limited but growing evidence have also suggested its role in adversely affecting reproductive capabilities and outcomes in women of reproductive age and during pregnancy. This paper provides an updated review on available literature regarding the negative effects of smokeless tobacco use on female reproductive health, during pregnancy and its adverse consequences on the offspring. Existing data suggests the association between chronic smokeless tobacco use and impairment of ovarian morphology and function, oocyte quality, hormonal perturbations, fetal development and long-term health effects on the fetus. Improved understanding of these issues can contribute to better awareness of the dangers of smokeless tobacco products.
Collapse
|
6
|
Joo YJ, Newcombe D, Nosa V, Walker N, Bullen C. Betel Nut Use in Vanuatu: Investigating Opportunities to Reduce Harms to Health. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:1457-1464. [PMID: 32569537 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1716803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Betel nut chewing is a public health concern in the Asia-Pacific region and is an emerging issue in Vanuatu. Despite the significant health risks associated with betel nut chewing, few interventions have been undertaken to reduce its harm. Objectives: To investigate betel nut use in Vanuatu and to identify opportunities to reduce its harm and possible interventions, framing the responses using the World Health Organization's MPOWER tobacco control model. Method: Qualitative research design, in the form of semi-structured interviews with ten participants with expertise in health, agriculture, education or non-communicable disease in Port Vila, Vanuatu during June 2017. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim, and a general inductive approach was used to identify key themes. Results: Participants reported a recent increase in betel nut use in Vanuatu due to the influence from Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. To reduce the harm of betel nut use in Vanuatu, participants suggested policies and strategies that aligned with the MPOWER framework that could be adopted for betel nut control, including restricting cultivation and sale of betel nut in Vanuatu and using radio and existing community networks to reach people with messages about the dangers of betel nut use. Conclusion: Betel nut use may be growing in popularity in Vanuatu, where there are potential policy options to minimize harm. The MPOWER model for tobacco control may be a useful framework to help the Vanuatu government to deliver a comprehensive approach to reducing harm from betel nut use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin Joo
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Newcombe
- Centre for Addiction Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vili Nosa
- Pacific Health Section, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Natalie Walker
- National Institute for Health Innovation (NIHI), School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chris Bullen
- National Institute for Health Innovation (NIHI), School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Joo YJ, Newcombe D, Nosa V, Bullen C. Investigating Betel Nut Use, Antecedents and Consequences: A Review of Literature. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:1422-1442. [PMID: 31549570 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1666144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Betel nut use is a public health issue in the Asia-Pacific region that is often neglected. To control betel nut use, understanding of the adverse effects of betel nut use and evidence-based policies and strategies is necessary. Objectives: This narrative review aims to characterize the current situation on betel nut use at a global level regarding the epidemiology, pharmacology and toxicology, health effects, treatment options, policies and strategies. Methods: We found 139 existing literature published between 1970-2019 on the Web of Science database and other technical documents to collate the most relevant information on betel nut use. Data were categorized into appropriate themes. Results: The literature demonstrates that there is a lack of up to date statistics on betel nut use. There is limited research on the effect of policies and strategies to control betel nut use. Conclusion: Betel nut-chewing countries should focus on understanding which populations chew betel nut and implement appropriate policies, educational and cessation programs to help control betel nut use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin Joo
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Newcombe
- Centre for Addiction Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vili Nosa
- Pacific Health Section, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chris Bullen
- National Institute for Health Innovation (NIHI), School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chemistry, metabolism and pharmacology of carcinogenic alkaloids present in areca nut and factors affecting their concentration. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 110:104548. [PMID: 31805361 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Areca Nut (AN), the seed of tropical palm tree Areca catechu, is a widely chewed natural product with estimated 600 million users across the world. Various AN products, thriving in the market, portray 'Areca nut' or 'Supari' as mouth freshener and safe alternative to smokeless tobacco. Unfortunately, AN is identified as a Group 1 human carcinogen by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Wide variation in the level of alkaloids, broadly ranging from 2 to 10 mg/gm dry weight, is observed in diverse variety of AN sold worldwide. For the first time, various factors influencing the formation of carcinogenic alkaloids in AN at various stages, including during the growth, processing, and storage of the nut, are discussed. Current review illustrates the mechanism of cancer induction by areca alkaloids in humans and also compiles dose-dependent pharmacology and toxicology data of arecoline, the most potent carcinogenic alkaloid in AN. Careful monitoring of the arecoline content in AN can potentially be used as a tool in product surveillance studies to identify the variations in characteristics of various AN sample sold worldwide. The article will help to generate public awareness and sensitize the government bodies to initiate campaigns against AN use and addiction.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kshetrimayum C, Sharma A, Mishra VV, Kumar S. Polycystic ovarian syndrome: Environmental/occupational, lifestyle factors; an overview. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2019; 20:255-263. [PMID: 30821135 PMCID: PMC6883751 DOI: 10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2019.2018.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted disease of women with infertility that has diverse etiologic factors. Some women may have only a few PCOS-linked symptoms or mild symptoms, whereas others will have severe or all PCOS-linked symptoms. Therefore, PCOS symptoms can differ among women. PCOS is a state of hormonal imbalance, excess terminal hair (hirsutism), hair loss (alopecia), menstruation impairments, metabolic disorders, and cystic appearance on the ovaries. The cysts hamper ovulation, thus reducing the ability of women to become pregnant and result in infertility. The available data suggest that PCOS might originate in utero and the phenotypic appearance of PCOS symptoms may be developed in later life, which could be linked with host factors (endogenous) and exogenous factors like lifestyle, and dietary, environmental or occupational factors. Based upon the available information, it can be postulated that prenatal exposure to excessive androgens might be responsible for androgenization of the fetus, which in turn may alter the program of differentiating target tissues and the phenotypic characteristics of PCOS can be persuaded by exposure of female offspring to various endogenous and exogenous factors at later life. Genetic/host and environmental/lifestyle factors might be related to the pathophysiology of PCOS after prenatal exposure to androgen. Additional studies are necessary to understand the exact mechanism responsible for the manifestation of PCOS because it is a very important issue in female reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoba Kshetrimayum
- Department of Reproductive and Cytotoxicology, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, India,PhD Scholar, Life Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Anupama Sharma
- Department of Reproductive and Cytotoxicology, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Sunil Kumar
- Former, Scientist G & Director-in-Charge NIOH (ICMR), Ahmedabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pandey S. Re: The fetal safety of clomiphene citrate: a population based retrospective cohort study. BJOG 2017; 124:1791-1792. [PMID: 28707734 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Pandey
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, Ajanta Hospital and IVF Centre, Lucknow, India.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA (Formerly)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kumar S, Sharma S, Thaker R. Occupational, Environmental, and Lifestyle Factors and their Contribution to Preterm Birth - An Overview. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2017; 21:9-17. [PMID: 29391742 PMCID: PMC5763842 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_155_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is a significant public health concern and a leading cause of infant mortality and morbidity worldwide and often contributes to various health complications later in life. More than 60% of PTBs occur in Africa and south Asia. This overview discusses the available information on occupational, environmental, and lifestyle factors and their contribution to PTB and proposes new etiological explanations that underlie this devastating pregnancy complication. Several factors such as emotional, stress, social, racial, maternal anxiety, multiple pregnancies, infections during pregnancy, diabetes and high blood pressure, and in-vitro fertilization pregnancy have been shown to be associated with PTB. Data are emerging that occupational, environmental exposure and lifestyle factors might also be associated in part with PTB, however, they are at best limited and inconclusive. Nevertheless, data on heavy metals such as lead, air pollutants and particulate matters, bisphenol A, phthalate compounds, and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are promising and point to higher incidence of PTB associated with exposure to them. Thus, these observations can be used to advise pregnant women or women of reproductive age to avoid such exposures and adopt positive lifestyle to protect pregnancy and normal fetal development. There is a need to conduct well-planned epidemiological studies that include all the pathology causing factors that may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including PTB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Division of Reproductive and Cyto-toxicology, National Institute of Occupational Health (ICMR), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Surendra Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Riddhi Thaker
- Division of Reproductive and Cyto-toxicology, National Institute of Occupational Health (ICMR), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yen AMF, Boucher BJ, Chiu SYH, Fann JCY, Chen SLS, Huang KC, Chen HH. Longer Duration and Earlier Age of Onset of Paternal Betel Chewing and Smoking Increase Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Human Offspring, Independently, in a Community-Based Screening Program in Taiwan. Circulation 2016; 134:392-404. [PMID: 27448815 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.021511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgenerational effects of paternal Areca catechu nut chewing on offspring metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk in humans, on obesity and diabetes mellitus experimentally, and of paternal smoking on offspring obesity, are reported, likely attributable to genetic and epigenetic effects previously reported in betel-associated disease. We aimed to determine the effects of paternal smoking, and betel chewing, on the risks of early MetS in human offspring. METHODS The 13 179 parent-child trios identified from 238 364 Taiwanese aged ≥20 years screened at 2 community-based integrated screening sessions were tested for the effects of paternal smoking, areca nut chewing, and their duration prefatherhood on age of detecting offspring MetS at screen by using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS Offspring MetS risks increased with prefatherhood paternal areca nutusage (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-2.53) versus nonchewing fathers (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.28; 95% CI, 1.67-6.43) with >10 years paternal betel chewing, 1.62 (95% CI, 0.88-2.96) for 5 to 9 years, and 1.42 (95% CI, 0.80-2.54) for <5 years betel usage prefatherhood (Ptrend=0.0002), with increased risk (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.26-3.04) for paternal areca nut usage from 20 to 29 years of age, versus from >30 years of age (adjusted hazard ratio,1.61; 95% CI, 0.22-11.69). MetS offspring risk for paternal smoking increased dosewise (Ptrend<0.0001) with earlier age of onset (Ptrend=0.0009), independently. CONCLUSIONS Longer duration of paternal betel quid chewing and smoking, prefatherhood, independently predicted early occurrence of incident MetS in offspring, corroborating previously reported transgenerational effects of these habits, and supporting the need for habit-cessation program provision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Ming-Fang Yen
- From School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan (A.M.-F., S.L.-S.C.); Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (B.J.B.); Department of Health Care Management, College of Management, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan (S.Y.-H.C.); Department of Health Industry Management, School of Healthcare Management, Kainan University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan (J.C.-Y.F.); Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (K.-C.H.); and Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (H.-H.C.)
| | - Barbara J Boucher
- From School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan (A.M.-F., S.L.-S.C.); Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (B.J.B.); Department of Health Care Management, College of Management, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan (S.Y.-H.C.); Department of Health Industry Management, School of Healthcare Management, Kainan University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan (J.C.-Y.F.); Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (K.-C.H.); and Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (H.-H.C.)
| | - Sherry Yueh-Hsia Chiu
- From School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan (A.M.-F., S.L.-S.C.); Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (B.J.B.); Department of Health Care Management, College of Management, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan (S.Y.-H.C.); Department of Health Industry Management, School of Healthcare Management, Kainan University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan (J.C.-Y.F.); Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (K.-C.H.); and Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (H.-H.C.)
| | - Jean Ching-Yuan Fann
- From School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan (A.M.-F., S.L.-S.C.); Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (B.J.B.); Department of Health Care Management, College of Management, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan (S.Y.-H.C.); Department of Health Industry Management, School of Healthcare Management, Kainan University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan (J.C.-Y.F.); Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (K.-C.H.); and Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (H.-H.C.)
| | - Sam Li-Sheng Chen
- From School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan (A.M.-F., S.L.-S.C.); Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (B.J.B.); Department of Health Care Management, College of Management, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan (S.Y.-H.C.); Department of Health Industry Management, School of Healthcare Management, Kainan University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan (J.C.-Y.F.); Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (K.-C.H.); and Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (H.-H.C.)
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- From School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan (A.M.-F., S.L.-S.C.); Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (B.J.B.); Department of Health Care Management, College of Management, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan (S.Y.-H.C.); Department of Health Industry Management, School of Healthcare Management, Kainan University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan (J.C.-Y.F.); Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (K.-C.H.); and Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (H.-H.C.)
| | - Hsiu-Hsi Chen
- From School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan (A.M.-F., S.L.-S.C.); Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (B.J.B.); Department of Health Care Management, College of Management, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan (S.Y.-H.C.); Department of Health Industry Management, School of Healthcare Management, Kainan University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan (J.C.-Y.F.); Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (K.-C.H.); and Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (H.-H.C.).
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Suliankatchi RA, Sinha DN. The Human Cost of Tobacco Chewing Among Pregnant Women in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2016; 66:161-6. [PMID: 27651596 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-015-0821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In India, smokeless tobacco (SLT) use among pregnant women is high and its adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes have not been properly documented in. OBJECTIVES To collate available evidence on the association between SLT use and three adverse pregnancy outcomes, i.e. low birth weight, preterm birth and stillbirth among women in India. SEARCH STRATEGY A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, IndMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and major journals. Two authors independently reviewed the studies and extracted data. SELECTION CRITERIA Inclusion criteria were English articles published till December 2014, case control, case cohort or cohort, and exposure and outcome variables meeting predefined criteria. Exclusion criteria were case series, case reports, cross-sectional designs, risk estimate not restricted/adjusted for smoking with or without adjustment for other factors and duplicate data. Qualitative synthesis was followed by meta-analysis. Attributable burden was estimated using the population attributable fraction method. MAIN RESULTS Pooled odds ratio was significant for all three outcomes: low birth weight (1.88, 95 % CI 1.38, 2.54), preterm birth (1.39: 1.01, 1.91) and stillbirth (2.85: 1.62, 5.01). We found that 0.87 million low birth weight babies, 0.19 million preterm births and 0.12 million stillbirths occurring annually in India could be attributed to maternal SLT use. CONCLUSION There was a suggestive evidence of SLT use associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes among women in India. Further studies in this field are required to generate more conclusive evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan A Suliankatchi
- Department of Community Medicine, Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, India
| | - Dhirendra N Sinha
- Tobacco Free Initiative Unit, World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia, I.P. Estate, New Delhi, 110 002 India
| |
Collapse
|