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Guo Z, Zhu J, Qin G, Jia Y, Liu Z, Yang N, Guo R. Static Magnetic Fields Promote Generation of Muscle Lineage Cells from Pluripotent Stem Cells and Myoblasts. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:1402-1414. [PMID: 37000377 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Static magnetic fields (SMFs) exhibit numerous biological effects and regulate the proliferation and differentiation of several adult stem cells. However, the role of SMFs in the self-renewal maintenance and developmental potential of pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) remains largely uninvestigated. Here, we show that SMFs promote the expression of the core pluripotent markers Sox2 and SSEA-1. Furthermore, SMFs facilitate the differentiation of ESCs into cardiomyocytes and skeletal muscle cells. Consistently, transcriptome analysis reveals that muscle lineage differentiation and skeletal system specification of ESCs are remarkably strengthened by SMF stimuli. Additionally, when treated with SMFs, C2C12 myoblasts exhibit an increased proliferation rate, improved expression of skeletal muscle markers and elevated myogenic differentiation capacity compared with control cells. Together, our data show that SMFs effectively promote muscle cell generation from pluripotent stem cells and myoblasts. The noninvasive and convenient physical stimuli can be used to increase the production of muscle cells in regenerative medicine and the manufacture of cultured meat in cellular agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyuan Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiahao Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guanyu Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yumei Jia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Na Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
- INDUC Scientific Co., Ltd, No. 28-132 Jinshan North Photoelectric Science and Technology Park, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Renpeng Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Chen W, Zhang Y, Shi Z. Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field on the pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161939. [PMID: 36731572 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Numerous works have reported that extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) were associated with human health; however, little is known about their effects on the occurrence of agricultural diseases. In this study, Magnaporthe oryzae was used as a model organism, and its pathogenicity under 50 Hz, 3 mT ELF-EMF was studied. Our results showed that the pathogenicity, growth rate, and conidia generation of M. oryzae were enhanced under ELF-EMF exposure. In addition, M. oryzae exposed to ELF-EMF showed enhanced tolerance to cell wall-perturbing agents sodium lauryl sulphate, and increased expression of cell wall integrity-related genes, including RAC1, CDC42, RHO2, and NOX2. In addition, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression level of ROS scavenger system-related gene MoAP1 increased in ELF-EMF-exposed samples, whereas the total antioxidant capacity and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase did not change. Results of our study demonstrated that exposure to 50 Hz, 3 mT ELF-EMF enhanced the infection ability of M. oryzae, which present new important challenges for understanding the effect of ELF-EMF exposure on farmland ecology, especially on agricultural diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiu Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shang Xia Dian Road, Cang Shan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yingrong Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shang Xia Dian Road, Cang Shan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zhenhua Shi
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shang Xia Dian Road, Cang Shan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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3
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Song C, Yu B, Wang J, Zhu Y, Zhang X. Effects of Moderate to High Static Magnetic Fields on Reproduction. Bioelectromagnetics 2022; 43:278-291. [PMID: 35485707 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
With the wide application of magnetic resonance imaging in hospitals and permanent magnets in household items, people have increased exposure to various types of static magnetic fields (SMFs) with moderate and high intensities, which has caused a considerable amount of public concern. Studies have shown that some aspects of gametogenesis and early embryonic development can be significantly affected by SMFs, while others have shown no effects. This review summarizes the experimental results of moderate to high-intensity SMFs (1 mT-16.7 T) on the reproductive development of different model animals, and we find that the effects of SMFs are variable depending on experimental conditions. In general, the effects of inhomogeneous SMFs seem to be more significant compared to that of homogeneous SMFs, which is likely due to magnetic forces generated by the magnetic field gradient. Moreover, some electromagnetic fields may have induced bioeffects because of nonnegligible gradient and heat effect, which are much reduced in superconducting magnets. We hope this review can provide a starting point for more in-depth analysis of various SMFs on reproduction, which is indispensable for evaluating the safety and potential applications of SMFs on living organisms in the future. © 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Song
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Biao Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yiming Zhu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China.,International Magnetobiology Frontier Research Center (iMFRC), Science Island, Hefei, China
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Magnetic Fields and Cancer: Epidemiology, Cellular Biology, and Theranostics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031339. [PMID: 35163262 PMCID: PMC8835851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are exposed to a complex mix of man-made electric and magnetic fields (MFs) at many different frequencies, at home and at work. Epidemiological studies indicate that there is a positive relationship between residential/domestic and occupational exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and some types of cancer, although some other studies indicate no relationship. In this review, after an introduction on the MF definition and a description of natural/anthropogenic sources, the epidemiology of residential/domestic and occupational exposure to MFs and cancer is reviewed, with reference to leukemia, brain, and breast cancer. The in vivo and in vitro effects of MFs on cancer are reviewed considering both human and animal cells, with particular reference to the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). MF application on cancer diagnostic and therapy (theranostic) are also reviewed by describing the use of different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications for the detection of several cancers. Finally, the use of magnetic nanoparticles is described in terms of treatment of cancer by nanomedical applications for the precise delivery of anticancer drugs, nanosurgery by magnetomechanic methods, and selective killing of cancer cells by magnetic hyperthermia. The supplementary tables provide quantitative data and methodologies in epidemiological and cell biology studies. Although scientists do not generally agree that there is a cause-effect relationship between exposure to MF and cancer, MFs might not be the direct cause of cancer but may contribute to produce ROS and generate oxidative stress, which could trigger or enhance the expression of oncogenes.
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An Open Question: Is Non-Ionizing Radiation a Tool for Controlling Apoptosis-Induced Proliferation? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011159. [PMID: 34681819 PMCID: PMC8537877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-ionizing radiation is commonly used in the clinical setting, despite its known ability to trigger oxidative stress and apoptosis, which can lead to damage and cell death. Although induction of cell death is typically considered harmful, apoptosis can also be beneficial in the right context. For example, cell death can serve as the signal for new tissue growth, such as in apoptosis-induced proliferation. Recent data has shown that exposure to non-ionizing radiation (such as weak static magnetic fields, weak radiofrequency magnetic fields, and weak electromagnetic fields) is able to modulate proliferation, both in cell culture and in living organisms (for example during tissue regeneration). This occurs via in vivo changes in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are canonical activators of apoptosis. This review will describe the literature that highlights the tantalizing possibility that non-ionizing radiation could be used to manipulate apoptosis-induced proliferation to either promote growth (for regenerative medicine) or inhibit it (for cancer therapies). However, as uncontrolled growth can lead to tumorigenesis, much more research into this exciting and developing area is needed in order to realize its promise.
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Fei Y, Su L, Lou H, Zhao C, Wang Y, Chen G. The effects of 50 Hz magnetic field-exposed cell culture medium on cellular functions in FL cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2019; 60:424-431. [PMID: 31111909 PMCID: PMC6640911 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Although extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) have been classified as a possible carcinogen for humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), their biological effects and underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Our previous study indicated that ELF-MF exposure influenced the relative permittivity of the saline solution, suggesting that the MF exposure altered physical properties of the solution. To explore the biophysical mechanism of ELF-MF-induced biological effects, this study examined the effects of 50 Hz sinusoidal MF at 0-4.0 mT on the permittivity of culture medium with phase-interrogation surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing. Then, the biological effects of MF pre-exposed culture medium on cell viability, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, oxidative stress, and genetic stabilities were analyzed using Cell Counting Kit-8, western blot, flow cytometry, γH2AX foci formation, and comet assay. The results showed that SPR signals were decreased under MF exposure in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and the decreased SPR signals were reversible when the exposure was drawn off. However, MF pre-exposed culture medium did not significantly change cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species level, activation of the MARK signaling pathways, or genetic stabilities in human amniotic epithelial cells (FL cells). In conclusion, our data suggest that the relative permittivity of culture medium was influenced by 50 Hz MF exposure, but this change did not affect the biological processes in FL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fei
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology of Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liling Su
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology of Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Zhimin Road, Shangrao, China
| | - Haifeng Lou
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology of Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuning Zhao
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology of Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation (Zhejiang University), Centre for Optical and Electromagnetics Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, JORCEP (Sino-Swedish Joint Research Center of Photonics), Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangdi Chen
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology of Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
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Shi Z. Geobacter sulfurreducens-inoculated bioelectrochemical system reveals the potential of metabolic current in defining the effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field on living cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 173:8-14. [PMID: 30743077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on human health has become a worldwide concern, and no molecule/factor has been established as a measurable indicator of this effect. Diseases related to ELF-EMF are generally accompanied with energy metabolic dysfunction, and the energy in metabolism often flows in terms of electrons in all living cells. Hence, this study specifically investigated the relationship between metabolic current and ELF-EMF. By applying 0-128 Gauss ELF-EMFs to Geobacter sulfurreducens-inoculated bioelectrochemical systems, we found that metabolic current was increased and oscillated in ELF-EMF-exposed G. sulfurreducens. All effects were exposure dose dependent. Moreover, the oscillation amplitude varied linearly with the ELF-EMF strength. These results reveal that metabolic current can be used as a dosimetric indicator of the effect of ELF-EMF on living organisms, including human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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Li K, Dai F, Yan T, Xue Y, Zhang L, Han Y. Magnetic Silicium Hydroxyapatite Nanorods for Enhancing Osteoblast Response in Vitro and Biointegration in Vivo. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2208-2221. [PMID: 33405773 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblast behavior playing an important role in the biointegration of the Ti implant with host bone in vivo can be regulated by surface properties and magnetic field. In order to endow the Ti surface with good osteogenesis activity, Si monosubstituted and Fe and Si cosubstituted hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanorods were fabricated on microporous TiO2 by microarc oxidation (MAO) followed with hydrothermal treatment (HT). The surface properties including microstructure, microroughness, hydrophilicity, ion release, magnetic property, cytocompatibility, and biointegration of substituted HAp nanorods were observed and evaluated, together with pure HAp nanorods and microarc oxidated (MAOed) TiO2 as controls. After being doped with Fe, MAOed TiO2 has no changes in phase composition and microroughness, whereas it displays weakly ferromagnetic behavior and can enhance osteoblast differentiation in vitro and formation of new bone in vivo, compared with the undoped one. The substituted HAp nanorods adhere firmly to TiO2 and have almost the same wettability and microroughness but additional Si, Fe, and/or Ca released into the medium, compared with pure HAp nanorods. Moreover, the cosubstituted HAp has a small ferromagnetic signal, while its saturation magnetization value is less than that of the MAOed doped with Fe. Compared to pure HA nanorods, the substituted HAp nanorods not only improve cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro, but also enhance the ability of bone integration in vivo, especially for the cosubstituted one, which should be ascribed to the combined effect of microstructure, magnetic property, and released ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Fang Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Ting Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yong Han
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
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Rekena A, Didrihsone E, Vegere K. The role of magnetic field in the biopharmaceutical production: Current perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 22:e00334. [PMID: 31011551 PMCID: PMC6460295 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Current scientific evidence on the influence of magnetic field on mammalian cell lines used for industrial production of biopharmaceuticals, on human cell lines and on potential cell lines for the biopharmaceutical production is presented in this review. A novel magnetic coupling induced agitation could be the best solution to eliminate sources of contamination in stirred tank bioreactors which is especially important for mammalian cell cultures. Nevertheless, the side effect of magnetically-coupled stirring mechanism is that cells are exposed to the generated magnetic field. The influence of magnetic field on biological systems has been investigated for several decades. The research continues nowadays as well, investigating the influence of various types of magnetic field in a variety of experimental setups. In the context of bioreactors, only the lower frequencies and intensities of the magnetic field are relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Rekena
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, Riga, LV1007, Latvia
| | - Elina Didrihsone
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, Riga, LV1006, Latvia.,Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena 3, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia
| | - Kristine Vegere
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, Riga, LV1007, Latvia.,Water Research Laboratory, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena 1-205, Riga, LV1048, Latvia
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Kocaman A, Altun G, Kaplan AA, Deniz ÖG, Yurt KK, Kaplan S. Genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 163:71-79. [PMID: 29427953 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
New technologies in electronics and communications are continually emerging. An increasing use of these electronic devices such as mobile phone, computer, wireless fidelity connectors or cellular towers is raising questions concerning whether they have an adverse effect on the body. Exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) is frequently suggested to have adverse health effects on humans and other organisms. This idea has been reported in many studies. In contrast, the therapeutic effects of EMF on different organs have also been reported. Research findings are inconsistent. This has given rise to very profound discrepancies. The duration and frequency of mobile phone calls and the association observed with various health effects has raised serious concerns due to the frequency with which these devices are used and the way they are held close to the head. The present review assesses the results of in vitro, in vivo, experimental, and epidemiological studies. The purpose of the study is to assess data concerning the carcinogenic and genotoxic effects of non-ionizing EMF. The major genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of EMF, divided into subsections as low frequency effects and radiofrequency effects, were reviewed. The inconsistent results between similar studies and the same research groups have made it very difficult to make any comprehensive interpretation. However, evaluation of current studies suggests that EMF may represent a serious source of concern and may be hazardous to living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Kocaman
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Gamze Altun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Arife Ahsen Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ömür Gülsüm Deniz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kıymet Kübra Yurt
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Magnetic Fields and Reactive Oxygen Species. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102175. [PMID: 29057846 PMCID: PMC5666856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ubiquitously exist in mammalian cells to participate in various cellular signaling pathways. The intracellular ROS levels are dependent on the dynamic balance between ROS generation and elimination. In this review, we summarize reported studies about the influences of magnetic fields (MFs) on ROS levels. Although in most cases, MFs increased ROS levels in human, mouse, rat cells, and tissues, there are also studies showing that ROS levels were decreased or not affected by MFs. Multiple factors could cause these discrepancies, including but not limited to MF type/intensity/frequency, exposure time and assay time-point, as well as different biological samples examined. It will be necessary to investigate the influences of different MFs on ROS in various biological samples systematically and mechanistically, which will be helpful for people to get a more complete understanding about MF-induced biological effects. In addition, reviewing the roles of MFs in ROS modulation may open up new scenarios of MF application, which could be further and more widely adopted into clinical applications, particularly in diseases that ROS have documented pathophysiological roles.
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Pulsed or continuous electromagnetic field induce p53/p21-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway in mouse spermatogenic cells in vitro and thus may affect male fertility. Toxicology 2017; 382:84-92. [PMID: 28323003 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The impact of electromagnetic field (EMF) on the human health and surrounding environment is a common topic investigated over the years. A significant increase in the electromagnetic field concentration arouses public concern about the long-term effects of EMF on living organisms associated with many aspects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of pulsed and continuous electromagnetic field (PEMF/CEMF) on mouse spermatogenic cell lines (GC-1 spg and GC-2 spd) in terms of cellular and biochemical features in vitro. We evaluated the effect of EMF on mitochondrial metabolism, morphology, proliferation rate, viability, cell cycle progression, oxidative stress balance and regulatory proteins. Our results strongly suggest that EMF induces oxidative and nitrosative stress-mediated DNA damage, resulting in p53/p21-dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Therefore, spermatogenic cells due to the lack of antioxidant enzymes undergo oxidative and nitrosative stress-mediated cytotoxic and genotoxic events, which contribute to infertility by reduction in healthy sperm cells pool. In conclusion, electromagnetic field present in surrounding environment impairs male fertility by inducing p53/p21-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
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