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Singh PK, Kumar BS, Nandi S, Gupta PSP, Mondal S. Genistein effect in cultured ovine ovarian granulosa cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23697. [PMID: 38578078 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Genistein, an isoflavone has the potential to mimic, augment, or dysregulate the steroid hormone production pathways. We hypothesized that genistein affects the granulosa cell (GCs) functions through a series of biochemical, molecular, and genomic cascades. The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of genistein exposure on GCs viability, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis. The present study involved 3/5 days of exposure to genistein on GCs collected from abattoir-derived ovine ovaries at doses of 0, 1, 10, 25, 50, and 100 µM. The harvested GCs were used for growth, cytotoxicity, and gene expression studies related to apoptosis, growth, and steroidogenesis. We observed that genistein had both stimulatory at 10 and 25 µM levels as well as inhibitory effects at 50 and 100 µM levels on the growth and proliferation of GCs. Genistein significantly decreased the levels of 17β-estradiol at higher exposure (50 and 100 µM), whereas the progesterone level increased significantly as the genistein exposure increased. Additionally, genistein could also alter the mRNA expression of the steroidogenic receptor, enzymes, proteins, and growth-related genes suggesting that genistein could potentially alter the steroidogenic pathways. We conclude that genistein can interfere with cell survival and steroidogenesis by exhibiting a dose-dependent biphasic response on the viability, growth-related parameters, and the synthesis of 17β-estradiol in the cultured GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam K Singh
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Jain University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bogapathi Sampath Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
- Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sumanta Nandi
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Paluru S P Gupta
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sukanta Mondal
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
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Paula VG, Sinzato YK, Gallego FQ, Cruz LL, Aquino AMD, Scarano WR, Corrente JE, Volpato GT, Damasceno DC. Intergenerational Hyperglycemia Impairs Mitochondrial Function and Follicular Development and Causes Oxidative Stress in Rat Ovaries Independent of the Consumption of a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2023; 15:4407. [PMID: 37892483 PMCID: PMC10609718 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the influence of maternal hyperglycemia and the post-weaning consumption of a high-fat diet on the mitochondrial function and ovarian development of the adult pups of diabetic rats. Female rats received citrate buffer (Control-C) or Streptozotocin (for diabetes induction-D) on postnatal day 5. These adult rats were mated to obtain female pups (O) from control dams (OC) or from diabetic dams (OD), and they received a standard diet (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD) from weaning to adulthood and were distributed into OC/SD, OC/HFD, OD/SD, and OD/HFD. In adulthood, the OGTT and AUC were performed. These rats were anesthetized and euthanized for sample collection. A high percentage of diabetic rats were found to be in the OD/HFD group (OD/HFD 40% vs. OC/SD 0% p < 0.05). Progesterone concentrations were lower in the experimental groups (OC/HFD 0.40 ± 0.04; OD/SD 0.30 ± 0.03; OD/HFD 0.24 ± 0.04 vs. OC/SD 0.45 ± 0.03 p < 0.0001). There was a lower expression of MFF (OD/SD 0.34 ± 0.33; OD/HFD 0.29 ± 0.2 vs. OC/SD 1.0 ± 0.41 p = 0.0015) and MFN2 in the OD/SD and OD/HFD groups (OD/SD 0.41 ± 0.21; OD/HFD 0.77 ± 0.18 vs. OC/SD 1.0 ± 0.45 p = 0.0037). The number of follicles was lower in the OD/SD and OD/HFD groups. A lower staining intensity for SOD and Catalase and higher staining intensity for MDA were found in ovarian cells in the OC/HFD, OD/SD, and OD/HFD groups. Fetal programming was responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction, ovarian reserve loss, and oxidative stress; the association of maternal diabetes with an HFD was responsible for the higher occurrence of diabetes in female adult pups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônyca Gonçalves Paula
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecology, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
| | - Yuri Karen Sinzato
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecology, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
| | - Franciane Quintanilha Gallego
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecology, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Lopes Cruz
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecology, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariana Musa de Aquino
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - Wellerson Rodrigo Scarano
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Corrente
- Research Support Office, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Tadeu Volpato
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças 78600-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Débora Cristina Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecology, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
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Yang H, Peng Z, Xie L, Xie J, Huang Z. Adding genistein or luteolin decreased the yield of citrinin and without reducing pigments in yam solid-fermentation by Monascus. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6440-6451. [PMID: 37209398 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese yam fermented by Monascus, namely red mold dioscorea (RMD), has the potential of treating diseases. However, the production of citrinin limits the application of RMD. In the present study, the fermentation process of Monascus was optimized by adding genistein or luteolin to reduce citrinin yield. RESULTS The results showed that citrinin in 25 g of Huai Shan yam was reduced by 48% and 72% without affecting the pigment yield by adding 0.2 g of luteolin or genistein, respectively, to a 250-mL conical flask after fermentation for 18 days at 28 °C, whereas the addition of luteolin increased the content of yellow pigment by 1.3-fold. Under optimal conditions, citrinin in 20 g of iron bar yam decreased by 55% and 74% after adding 0.2 g of luteolin or genistein. Luteolin also increased yellow pigment content by 1.2-fold. Ultra HPLC coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used for the preliminary analysis of Monascus fermentation products. It was found that the amino acid types in RMD are similar to those in yams, but there are fewer polysaccharides and fatty acids. CONCLUSION The results obtained in the present study showed that the addition of genistein or luteolin could reduce citrinin on the premise of increasing pigment yield, which laid a foundation for the better use of yams in Monascus fermentation. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiqing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liuming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhibing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Effects of phytoestrogens on reproductive organ health. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:849-864. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Faghani M, Saedi S, Khanaki K, Mohammadghasemi F. Ginseng alleviates folliculogenesis disorders via induction of cell proliferation and downregulation of apoptotic markers in nicotine-treated mice. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:14. [PMID: 35067219 PMCID: PMC8785492 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-00945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ginseng is a powerful phytoestrogen with high antioxidant properties. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Panax Ginseng (PG) on folliculogenesis, proliferation, and apoptosis in the ovary impaired by nicotine. Methods Forty adult mice were divided into five groups. Control, sham, and nicotine groups, and co-treated groups of nicotine and ginseng in doses of 0.5 and 1 g/kg. Folliculogenesis was assessed via histopathology and serum evaluation of estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) by ELISA. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities both in homogenate tissue and serum were assayed by colorimetric analysis. Apoptotic markers of cytochrome c (Cyt c), Bax, and Bcl-2 were evaluated by RT-PCR. Proliferative index was studied by the Ki-67 immunostaining procedure. Results In comparison to the control or sham groups, nicotine significantly reduced the levels of FSH, LH, and estradiol hormones. An insignificant reduction was observed in the progesterone hormone. Nicotine reduced all healthy follicle numbers, except primordial (P = 0.001). Malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased in tissue and serum in the nicotine group (P = 0.01). Serum catalase (CAT) and enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) both were reduced in tissue and the serum, in the nicotine group. Nicotine induced a reduction in the proliferative indexes of granulosa and theca cells in pre-antral and antral follicles (P = 0.001). However, its effect on the proliferative index of stroma cells was not significant. Apoptotic markers were elevated in the nicotine group (P = 0.001). Co-treatment with ginseng elevated all sex hormones, increased healthy follicles, and reduced tissue or serum lipid peroxidation, compared with the nicotine group (p < 0.05). Co-Treatment with ginseng also reduced the expression of apoptotic markers and increased the proliferative indexes in granulosa and theca cells in pre-antral and antral follicles and also in stroma cells, in comparison to the nicotine group (P = 0.001). All above-mentioned alterations following treatment with ginseng were remarkable, especially in the dose of 1 g/kg. Conclusion This study showed ginseng protects folliculogenesis via alteration of hypothalamic- pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, induction of proliferation in ovarian somatic cells, reduction of lipid peroxidation, and downregulation of apoptotic markers in the mouse ovary, treated with nicotine.
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Zheng C, Liu T, Liu H, Wang J. Role of BCL-2 Family Proteins in Apoptosis and its Regulation by Nutrients. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 21:799-806. [PMID: 31880257 DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666191227122252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the body, millions of cells die and proliferate each day to maintain normal function and cooperation of all tissues, organs, and systems. Thus, programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is critical to sustain growth, development, and body health. The vital role of B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family proteins in apoptosis has been identified. The BCL-2 family includes both pro- and antiapoptotic proteins, which are structurally and functionally related, containing up to four BCL-2 homology (BH) motifs (BH1-4). There are also some nutritional factors that regulate apoptosis via the BCL-2 family proteins. In this review, the BCL-2 family proteins and their apoptosis-inducing mechanism have been discussed, along with the nutrient factors that regulate apoptosis through the BCL-2 family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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B Arcanjo R, Richardson KA, Yang S, Patel S, Flaws JA, Nowak RA. Effects of Chronic Dietary Exposure to Phytoestrogen Genistein on Uterine Morphology in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1693-1704. [PMID: 33528250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Genistein is naturally occurring in plants and binds to estrogen receptors. Humans are mainly exposed through diet, but the use of supplements is increasing as genistein is claimed to promote health and alleviate menopausal symptoms. We analyzed diverse uterine features in adult mice chronically fed genistein for different times. The luminal epithelium height was increased in females treated with 500 and 1000 ppm at PND 95, and the width of the outer myometrium was increased in females treated with 1000 ppm at PND 65 compared to that in controls. An increase in proliferation was noted in the inner myometrium layer of animals exposed to 300 ppm genistein at PND 185 compared to that in controls. Luminal hyperplasia was greater in the 1000 ppm group at PND 65, 95, and 185, although not statistically different from control. These results indicate that genistein may exert estrogenic activity in the uterus, without persistent harm to the organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel B Arcanjo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kadeem A Richardson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Shuhong Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shreya Patel
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61820, United States
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61820, United States
| | - Romana A Nowak
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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He S, Wang Y, Xie J, Gao H, Li X, Huang Z. 1H NMR-based metabolomic study of the effects of flavonoids on citrinin production by Monascus. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109532. [PMID: 33233162 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Monascus comprises purple-red molds. Various compounds can be obtained from these species, including statins and food-safe yellow, red, and orange pigments. However, the secondary metabolite citrinin, a mycotoxin, is produced during the late stages of growth. Citrinin biosynthesis should be reduced to apply Monascus pigments safely. Fortunately, this can be achieved by the addition of flavonoids (genistein, daidzein, apigenin, and kaempferol). However, the effects of these flavonoids on other metabolites remain unknown. Here, we report a 1H NMR-based multivariate metabolomic analysis of the effects of flavonoids on mycotoxin citrinin production by Monascus. Fifteen metabolites involved in lysine and arginine biosynthesis and alanine, aspartate, glutamate, biotin, arginine, proline, and glutathione metabolism were detected. The reduction in glutamate, aspartate, biotin, and 2-phosphoglycerate content suggested their association with the citrinin reduction mechanism. This study identifies the citrinin production pathway in Monascus and will aid in the development of citrinin-control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China; Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China; Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Heng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China; Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiujiang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, No.17 Yongwai Main Street, Nanjing West Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhibing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China; Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Wang Y, Gao H, Xie J, Li X, Huang Z. Effects of some flavonoids on the mycotoxin citrinin reduction by Monascus aurantiacus Li AS3.4384 during liquid-state fermentation. AMB Express 2020; 10:26. [PMID: 32016571 PMCID: PMC6997324 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-0962-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Monascus can produce many beneficial metabolites; however, it can simultaneously also produce citrinin, which seriously limits its application. Therefore, reducing the production of citrinin is of great interest. Herein, Monascus aurantiacus Li AS3.4384 (MAL) was used to optimize the liquid-state fermentation process and investigate the effects of genistein and other flavonoids on citrinin, pigments, and biomass of MAL. Results showed that citrinin decreased by 80%, pigments and biomass increased by approximately 20% in 12 days with addition of 20.0 g/L rice powder as a carbon source and 2.0 g/L genistein during shaking liquid-state fermentation. Further, genistein, daidzein, luteolin, apigenin, quercetin, baicalein, kaempferol myricetin, and genistin exerted different effects on citrinin production by MAL, with genistein causing the highest reduction in citrinin production during liquid-state fermentation, possibly due to the presence of C5-OH, C4′-OH, and C7-OH. Therefore, genistein can be added to the fermentation process of Monascus to reduce citrinin.
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Depicting the Non-Covalent Interaction of Whey Proteins with Galangin or Genistein Using the Multi-Spectroscopic Techniques and Molecular Docking. Foods 2019; 8:foods8090360. [PMID: 31450792 PMCID: PMC6770871 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-covalent interactions between a commercial whey protein isolate (WPI) and two bioactive polyphenols galangin and genistein were studied at pH 6.8 via the multi-spectroscopic assays and molecular docking. When forming these WPI-polyphenol complexes, whey proteins had changed secondary structures while hydrophobic interaction was the major driving force. Detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate destroyed the hydrophobic interaction and thus decreased apparent binding constants of the WPI-polyphenol interactions. Urea led to hydrogen-bonds breakage and protein unfolding, and therefore increased apparent binding constants. Based on the measured apparent thermodynamic parameters like ΔH, ΔS, ΔG, and donor-acceptor distance, galangin with more planar stereochemical structure and random B-ring rotation showed higher affinity for WPI than genistein with location isomerism and twisted stereochemical structure. The molecular docking results disclosed that β-lactoglobulin of higher average hydrophobicity had better affinity for the two polyphenols than α-lactalbumin of lower average hydrophobicity while β-lactoglobulin possessed very similar binding sites to the two polyphenols. It is concluded that polyphenols might have different non-covalent interactions with food proteins, depending on the crucial polyphenol structures and protein hydrophobicity.
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