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Soares-Cardoso C, Leal S, Sá SI, Dantas-Barros R, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Faria J, Barbosa J. Unraveling the Hippocampal Molecular and Cellular Alterations behind Tramadol and Tapentadol Neurobehavioral Toxicity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:796. [PMID: 38931463 PMCID: PMC11206790 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tramadol and tapentadol are chemically related opioids prescribed for the analgesia of moderate to severe pain. Although safer than classical opioids, they are associated with neurotoxicity and behavioral dysfunction, which arise as a concern, considering their central action and growing misuse and abuse. The hippocampal formation is known to participate in memory and learning processes and has been documented to contribute to opioid dependence. Accordingly, the present study assessed molecular and cellular alterations in the hippocampal formation of Wistar rats intraperitoneally administered with 50 mg/kg tramadol or tapentadol for eight alternate days. Alterations were found in serum hydrogen peroxide, cysteine, homocysteine, and dopamine concentrations upon exposure to one or both opioids, as well as in hippocampal 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and gene expression levels of a panel of neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and neuromodulation biomarkers, assessed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Immunohistochemical analysis of hippocampal formation sections showed increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and decreased cluster of differentiation 11b (CD11b) protein expression, suggesting opioid-induced astrogliosis and microgliosis. Collectively, the results emphasize the hippocampal neuromodulator effects of tramadol and tapentadol, with potential behavioral implications, underlining the need to prescribe and use both opioids cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Soares-Cardoso
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (C.S.-C.); (S.L.); (R.D.-B.); or (R.J.D.-O.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Leal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (C.S.-C.); (S.L.); (R.D.-B.); or (R.J.D.-O.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Toxicologic Pathology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Susana I. Sá
- RISE-HEALTH, Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Rita Dantas-Barros
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (C.S.-C.); (S.L.); (R.D.-B.); or (R.J.D.-O.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (C.S.-C.); (S.L.); (R.D.-B.); or (R.J.D.-O.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- FOREN-Forensic Science Experts, Av. Dr. Mário Moutinho 33-A, 1400-136 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Juliana Faria
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (C.S.-C.); (S.L.); (R.D.-B.); or (R.J.D.-O.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Joana Barbosa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (C.S.-C.); (S.L.); (R.D.-B.); or (R.J.D.-O.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
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Dhillon VS, Deo P, Fenech M. Low magnesium in conjunction with high homocysteine increases DNA damage in healthy middle aged Australians. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03449-0. [PMID: 38864865 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Magnesium is one of the most common elements in the human body and plays an important role as a cofactor of enzymes required for DNA replication and repair and many other biochemical mechanisms including sensing and regulating one-carbon metabolism deficiencies. Low intake of magnesium can increase the risk of many diseases, in particular, chronic degenerative disorders. However, its role in prevention of DNA damage has not been studied fully in humans so far. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that magnesium deficiency either on its own or in conjunction with high homocysteine (Hcy) induces DNA damage in vivo in humans. METHODS The present study was carried out in 172 healthy middle aged subjects from South Australia. Blood levels of magnesium, Hcy, folate and vitamin B12 were measured. Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus cytome assay was performed to measure three DNA damage biomarkers: micronuclei (MN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBuds) in peripheral blood lymphocytes. RESULTS Data showed that magnesium and Hcy are significantly inversely correlated with each other (r = - 0.299, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, magnesium is positively correlated both with folate (p = 0.002) and vitamin B12 (p = 0.007). Magnesium is also significantly inversely correlated with MN (p < 0.0001) and NPB (p < 0.0001). Individuals with low magnesium and high Hcy exhibited significantly higher frequency of MN and NPBs compared to those with high magnesium and low Hcy (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, there was an interactive effect between these two factors as well in inducing MN (p = 0.01) and NPB (p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in the present study indicate for the first time that low in vivo levels of magnesium either on its own or in the presence of high Hcy increases DNA damage as evident by higher frequencies of MN and NPBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinderpal S Dhillon
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia.
| | - Permal Deo
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
- Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, 5048, Australia
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Luckmann MR, Ferreira MAS, da Silva NM, Nazari EM. Developmental toxicity of pyriproxyfen induces changes in the ultrastructure of neural cells and in the process of skull ossification. Toxicol Sci 2024; 198:260-272. [PMID: 38268486 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Some studies relate the use of pyriproxyfen (PPF) in drinking water with damage to embryonic neurodevelopment, including a supposed association with cases of microcephaly. However, the effects on neural cells and skull ossification in embryos remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of PPF on the structure and ultrastructure of brain cells and its influence on the skull ossification process during embryonic development. Chicken embryos, used as an experimental model, were exposed to concentrations of 0.01 and 10 mg/l PPF at E1. The findings demonstrated that PPF led to notable ultrastructural alterations such as reduced cilia and microvilli of ependymal cells and damage to mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, and cell membranes in neural cells. The frequency of changes and the degree of these cell damage between the forebrain and midbrain were similar. PPF induced a reduction in fox3 transcript levels, specific for differentiation of neurons, and a reduction in the NeuN protein content related to mature neurons and dendritic branches. PPF impacted the ossification process of the skull, as evidenced by the increase in the ossified area and the decrease in inter-bone spacing. In conclusion, this study highlights the ability of PPF to affect neurodevelopmental processes by inducing ultrastructural damage to neural cells, concomitant with a reduction in NeuN and fox3 expression. This detrimental impact coupled with deficiencies in skull ossification can prevent the proper growth and development of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maico Roberto Luckmann
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Méllanie Amanda Silva Ferreira
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Norma Machado da Silva
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Evelise Maria Nazari
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
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Zhang H, Xing Y, Zhang Y, Sheng S, Zhang L, Dong Z, Gao Q, Cai W, Mou Z, Jing Q. Association between depression and quality of life in older adults with type 2 diabetes: A moderated mediation of cognitive impairment and sleep quality. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:17-24. [PMID: 37506770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acceleration of aging and the increase in life expectancy have resulted in an increasing number of older adults developing physical and mental comorbidities. We examined the association between depression and quality of life (QoL) using cognitive impairment (COI) as a mediator and sleep quality (SQ) as a moderator among older adults with type 2 diabetes. METHODS A total of 2646 participants from Weifang, Shandong, China completed the survey. Their depression, cognitive function, SQ, and QoL were assessed. PROCESS was used to investigate mediating and moderating effects. RESULTS COI mediated the association between depression and QoL (indirect effect = -0.1058, bootstrapped 95 % CI [-0.1417, -0.0725]). Moderated mediation analyses indicated that SQ moderated the first half of the pathway of depression's impact on QoL through COI (moderating effect = -0.1128, bootstrapped 95 % CI [-0.1981, -0.0348]). Depression negatively impacted cognitive function in participants with poor (vs. better) SQ. LIMITATIONS First, multiple assessment tools should be considered to increase objective assessment. Second, the cross-sectional design limited our ability to make causal inferences. Third, additional diabetes-related variables should be included to explore this relationship. Finally, the pathways of influence and mechanisms of action of COI in older adults should be explored further. CONCLUSION Depression could impair the QoL of older adults by aggravating their COI. Fortunately, improving patients' SQ may undermine this negative effect. These findings may play an integral role in promoting the psychiatric health of older adults with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China; "Health Shandong" Collaborative Innovation Center for Severe Social Risk Prediction and Governance, Weifang, Shandong, China; China Academy of Rehabilitation and Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Xing
- Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yefan Zhang
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China; "Health Shandong" Collaborative Innovation Center for Severe Social Risk Prediction and Governance, Weifang, Shandong, China; China Academy of Rehabilitation and Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Sen Sheng
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China; "Health Shandong" Collaborative Innovation Center for Severe Social Risk Prediction and Governance, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China; "Health Shandong" Collaborative Innovation Center for Severe Social Risk Prediction and Governance, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiwei Dong
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China; "Health Shandong" Collaborative Innovation Center for Severe Social Risk Prediction and Governance, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Qianqian Gao
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China; "Health Shandong" Collaborative Innovation Center for Severe Social Risk Prediction and Governance, Weifang, Shandong, China; China Academy of Rehabilitation and Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Weiqin Cai
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China; "Health Shandong" Collaborative Innovation Center for Severe Social Risk Prediction and Governance, Weifang, Shandong, China; China Academy of Rehabilitation and Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongchen Mou
- Department of Auditory Implantation, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Qi Jing
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China; "Health Shandong" Collaborative Innovation Center for Severe Social Risk Prediction and Governance, Weifang, Shandong, China; China Academy of Rehabilitation and Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
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Petrović DJ, Jagečić D, Krasić J, Sinčić N, Mitrečić D. Effect of Fetal Bovine Serum or Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor on Cell Survival and the Proliferation of Neural Stem Cells: The Influence of Homocysteine Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14161. [PMID: 37762465 PMCID: PMC10531752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro cell culture is a routinely used method which is also applied for in vitro modeling of various neurological diseases. On the other hand, media used for cell culture are often not strictly standardized between laboratories, which hinders the comparison of the obtained results. Here, we compared the effects of homocysteine (Hcy), a molecule involved in neurodegeneration, on immature cells of the nervous system cultivated in basal medium or media supplemented by either fetal bovine serum or basic fibroblast growth factor. The number of cells in basal media supplemented with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was 2.5 times higher in comparison to the number of cells in basal media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS). We also found that the neuron-specific β-3-tubulin protein expression dose dependently decreased with increasing Hcy exposure. Interestingly, bFGF exerts a protective effect on β-3-tubulin protein expression at a concentration of 1000 µM Hcy compared to FBS-treated neural stem cells on Day 7. Supplementation with bFGF increased SOX2 protein expression two-fold compared to FBS supplementation. GFAP protein expression increased five-fold on Day 3 in FBS-treated neural stem cells, whereas on Day 7, bFGF increased GFAP expression two-fold compared to FBS-treated neural stem cells. Here, we have clearly shown that the selection of culturing media significantly influences various cellular parameters, which, in turn, can lead to different conclusions in experiments based on in vitro models of pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dražen Juraj Petrović
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.J.P.); (D.J.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- BIMIS—Biomedical Research Center Šalata, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Denis Jagečić
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.J.P.); (D.J.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- BIMIS—Biomedical Research Center Šalata, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jure Krasić
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.J.P.); (D.J.)
- BIMIS—Biomedical Research Center Šalata, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Neurogenomics and In Situ Hybridization, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nino Sinčić
- BIMIS—Biomedical Research Center Šalata, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers (epiMark), Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Mitrečić
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.J.P.); (D.J.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- BIMIS—Biomedical Research Center Šalata, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Zhou H, Zhong X, Chen B, Wang Q, Zhang M, Mai N, Wu Z, Huang X, Chen X, Peng Q, Ning Y. Elevated homocysteine levels, white matter abnormalities and cognitive impairment in patients with late-life depression. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:931560. [PMID: 35923546 PMCID: PMC9340773 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.931560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive impairment in late−life depression (LLD) is considered to be caused by neurodegenerative changes. Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels may be linked to cognitive abnormalities associated with LLD. The important role of white matter (WM) damage in cognitive impairment and pathogenesis in patients with LLD has been widely reported. However, no research has explored the interrelationships of these features in patients with LLD. Objective The goal of the study was to examine the interrelationship between Hcy levels, cognition, and variations in WM microstructure detected by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in patients with LLD. Methods We recruited 89 healthy controls (HCs) and 113 patients with LLD; then, we measured the plasma Hcy levels of participants in both groups. All individuals performed a battery of neuropsychological tests to measure cognitive ability. Seventy-four patients with LLD and 68 HCs experienced a DTI magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Results Patients with LLD showed significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the bilateral inferior longitudinal fasciculus than those of healthy participants. Only in LLD patients was Hcy concentration inversely associated to FA values in the forceps minor. Finally, multiple regression analyses showed that an interaction between Hcy levels and FA values in the right cingulum of the cingulate cortex and right inferior longitudinal fasciculus were independent contributors to the executive function of patients with LLD. Conclusion Our results highlight the complex interplay between elevated homocysteine levels and WM abnormalities in the pathophysiology of LLD-related cognitive impairment, consistent with the neurodegeneration hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarong Zhou
- Center for Geriatric Neuroscience, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhong
- Center for Geriatric Neuroscience, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ben Chen
- Center for Geriatric Neuroscience, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Center for Geriatric Neuroscience, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Center for Geriatric Neuroscience, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Naikeng Mai
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangying Wu
- Center for Geriatric Neuroscience, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingxiao Huang
- Center for Geriatric Neuroscience, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinru Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Peng
- Center for Geriatric Neuroscience, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Center for Geriatric Neuroscience, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuping Ning,
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Wyse ATS, Bobermin LD, Dos Santos TM, Quincozes-Santos A. Homocysteine and Gliotoxicity. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:966-974. [PMID: 33786757 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine is a sulfur amino acid that does not occur in the diet, but it is an essential intermediate in normal mammalian metabolism of methionine. Hyperhomocysteinemia results from dietary intakes of Met, folate, and vitamin B12 and lifestyle or from the deficiency of specific enzymes, leading to tissue accumulation of this amino acid and/or its metabolites. Severe hyperhomocysteinemic patients can present neurological symptoms and structural brain abnormalities, of which the pathogenesis is poorly understood. Moreover, a possible link between homocysteine (mild hyperhomocysteinemia) and neurodegenerative/neuropsychiatric disorders has been suggested. In recent years, increasing evidence has emerged suggesting that astrocyte dysfunction is involved in the neurotoxicity of homocysteine and possibly associated with the physiopathology of hyperhomocysteinemia. This review addresses some of the findings obtained from in vivo and in vitro experimental models, indicating high homocysteine levels as an important neurotoxin determinant of the neuropathophysiology of brain damage. Recent data show that this amino acid impairs glutamate uptake, redox/mitochondrial homeostasis, inflammatory response, and cell signaling pathways. Therefore, the discussion of this review focuses on homocysteine-induced gliotoxicity, and its impacts in the brain functions. Through understanding the Hcy-induced gliotoxicity, novel preventive/therapeutic strategies might emerge for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Marcon Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Yan Y, Yin Y, Feng X, Chen Y, Shi J, Weng H, Wang D. Homocysteine aggravates DNA damage by impairing the FA/Brca1 Pathway in NE4C murine neural stem cells. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2477-2486. [PMID: 33029090 PMCID: PMC7532487 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.49246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There is existing evidence that elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels are risk factors for some neurodegenerative disorders. The pathogenesis of neurological diseases could be contributed to excessive cell dysfunction and death caused by defective DNA damage response (DDR) and accumulated DNA damage. Hcy is a neurotoxic amino acid and acts as a DNA damage inducer. However, it is not clear whether Hcy participates in the DDR. To investigate the effects of Hcy on DNA damage and the DDR, we employed mitomycin C (MMC) to cause DNA damage in NE4C murine neural stem cells (NSCs). Compared to treatment with MMC alone, we found that co-treatment with MMC and Hcy worsened DNA damage and increased death in NE4C cells. Intriguingly, in this DNA damage model mimicked by MMC, immunoblotting results showed that the monoubiquitination levels of Fanconi anemia complementation group I (Fanci) and Fanconi anemia complementation group D2 (Fancd2) were decreased to about 60.3% and 55.7% by supplementing cell culture medium with Hcy, indicating Hcy inactivates the function of Fanci and Fancd2 in DNA damage conditions. Given Breast Cancer 1 (BRCA1) is an important downstream of FANCD2, we next detected the interaction between Fancd2 and Brca1 in NE4C cells. Compared to treatment with MMC alone, the Fancd2-Brca1 interaction and the amount of Brca1 on chromatin were decreased when cells were co-exposed to MMC and Hcy, suggesting Hcy could impair the Fanconi anemia (FA)/Brca1 pathway. Taken together, our study demonstrates that Hcy may enhance cell death, which contributes to the accumulation of DNA damage and promotion of hypersensitivity to cytotoxicity by impairing the FA/Brca1 pathway in murine NSCs in the presence of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yandan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou Women and Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Huachun Weng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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Jung HY, Kim W, Hahn KR, Kang MS, Kim TH, Kwon HJ, Nam SM, Chung JY, Choi JH, Yoon YS, Kim DW, Yoo DY, Hwang IK. Pyridoxine Deficiency Exacerbates Neuronal Damage after Ischemia by Increasing Oxidative Stress and Reduces Proliferating Cells and Neuroblasts in the Gerbil Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155551. [PMID: 32759679 PMCID: PMC7432354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of pyridoxine deficiency on ischemic neuronal death in the hippocampus of gerbil (n = 5 per group). Serum pyridoxal 5′-phosphate levels were significantly decreased in Pyridoxine-deficient diet (PDD)-fed gerbils, while homocysteine levels were significantly increased in sham- and ischemia-operated gerbils. PDD-fed gerbil showed a reduction in neuronal nuclei (NeuN)-immunoreactive neurons in the medial part of the hippocampal CA1 region three days after. Reactive astrocytosis and microgliosis were found in PDD-fed gerbils, and transient ischemia caused the aggregation of activated microglia in the stratum pyramidale three days after ischemia. Lipid peroxidation was prominently increased in the hippocampus and was significantly higher in PDD-fed gerbils than in Control diet (CD)-fed gerbils after ischemia. In contrast, pyridoxine deficiency decreased the proliferating cells and neuroblasts in the dentate gyrus in sham- and ischemia-operated gerbils. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels also significantly decreased in PDD-fed gerbils sham 24 h after ischemia. These results suggest that pyridoxine deficiency accelerates neuronal death by increasing serum homocysteine levels and lipid peroxidation, and by decreasing Nrf2 levels in the hippocampus. Additionally, it reduces the regenerated potentials in hippocampus by decreasing BDNF levels. Collectively, pyridoxine is an essential element in modulating cell death and hippocampal neurogenesis after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (K.R.H.); (Y.S.Y.)
| | - Woosuk Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea;
| | - Kyu Ri Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (K.R.H.); (Y.S.Y.)
| | - Min Soo Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.S.K.); (T.H.K.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Tae Hyeong Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.S.K.); (T.H.K.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea; (H.J.K.); (D.W.K.)
| | - Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05030, Korea;
| | - Jin Young Chung
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Jung Hoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.S.K.); (T.H.K.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (K.R.H.); (Y.S.Y.)
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea; (H.J.K.); (D.W.K.)
| | - Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.Y.Y.); (I.K.H.)
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (K.R.H.); (Y.S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (D.Y.Y.); (I.K.H.)
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Aoulad Fares D, Schalekamp-Timmermans S, Nawrot TS, Steegers-Theunissen RPM. Preconception telomere length as a novel maternal biomarker to assess the risk of spina bifida in the offspring. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:645-651. [PMID: 32359029 PMCID: PMC7432172 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periconception interactions between maternal conditions and environmental and genetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis and prevention of neural tube defects (NTD), such as spina bifida. These factors have in common that they can impair the oxidative pathway, resulting in excessive (chronic) oxidative stress and inflammation. METHODS Review of the literature concerning underlying mechanisms and biomarkers of aging particularly during reproduction. A number of molecular markers for biological aging have been identified, including telomere length (TL). Excessive telomere shortening is an index of senescence, causes genomic instability and is associated with a higher risk of age-related diseases. Furthermore, TL shortening is associated with the similar environmental and lifestyle exposures associated with NTD risk. RESULTS Embryonic mice deficient in the telomerase gene show shorter TL and failure of closure of the neural tube as the main defect, suggesting that this developmental process is among the most sensitive to telomere loss and chromosomal instability. CONCLUSIONS From this background, we hypothesize that preconceptional long term exposure to harmful environmental and lifestyle risk factors accelerates a woman's aging process, which can be measured by TL, and thereby her underlying risk of NTD offspring. Alternatively, it might be that women with an increased NTD risk already exhibit a more advanced biological age before the onset of pregnancy compared to women of identical calendar age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiat Aoulad Fares
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tim S Nawrot
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
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