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Yan J, Wu J, Xu M, Wang M, Guo W. Disrupted de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis impairs adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition in pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadl2764. [PMID: 38579001 PMCID: PMC10997211 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl2764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Despite seizure control by early high-dose pyridoxine (vitamin B6) treatment, at least 75% of pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) patients with ALDH7A1 mutation still suffer from intellectual disability. It points to a need for additional therapeutic interventions for PDE beyond pyridoxine treatment, which provokes us to investigate the mechanisms underlying the impairment of brain hemostasis by ALDH7A1 deficiency. In this study, we show that ALDH7A1-deficient mice with seizure control exhibit altered adult hippocampal neurogenesis and impaired cognitive functions. Mechanistically, ALDH7A1 deficiency leads to the accumulation of toxic lysine catabolism intermediates, α-aminoadipic-δ-semialdehyde and its cyclic form, δ-1-piperideine-6-carboxylate, which in turn impair de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and inhibit NSC proliferation and differentiation. Notably, supplementation of pyrimidines rescues abnormal neurogenesis and cognitive impairment in ALDH7A1-deficient adult mice. Therefore, our findings not only define the important role of ALDH7A1 in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis but also provide a potential therapeutic intervention to ameliorate the defective mental capacities in PDE patients with seizure control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Junjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Mingyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weixiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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2
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Das UN. Pyridoxine, essential fatty acids, and protection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23639. [PMID: 38229307 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N Das
- UND Life Sciences, Battle Ground, Washington, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
- Department of Medicine, Omega Hospitals, Gachibowli, 500032, Hyderabad, India
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3
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Shtyrlin NV, Kayumov AR, Agafonova MN, Garipov MR, Gatina AE, Pugachev MV, Bulatova ES, Grishaev DY, Iksanova AG, Khaziev RM, Ganiev IM, Aimaletdinov AM, Gnezdilov OI, Shtyrlin YG. Synthesis and biological evaluation of fluoroquinolones containing a pyridoxine derivatives moiety. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115798. [PMID: 37729692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
We report herein the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of series of 7-substituted fluoroquinolones with pyridoxine derivatives. In vitro screening of antibacterial activity and toxicity of 39 synthesized fluoroquinolones defined compounds 7 and 28 as lead compounds for further investigations. On various clinical isolates lead compounds 7 and 28 exhibited antibacterial activity comparable with reference fluoroqinolones. Mutagenic effects haven't been observed for these compounds in SOS-chromotest. Compound 7 are non-toxic in vivo on mice (LD50 > 2000 mg/kg, oral) and rats (LD50 > 2000 mg/kg, oral). Compound 28 was more toxic (LD50 = 474 mg/kg, oral, mice). Moreover compound 7 showed greater in vivo efficacy compared to ciprofloxacin in a murine model of staphylococcal sepsis. Taken together the described active compound are promising candidate for preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Shtyrlin
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation.
| | - Airat R Kayumov
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Maria N Agafonova
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Marsel R Garipov
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Alina E Gatina
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail V Pugachev
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Elena S Bulatova
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Denis Y Grishaev
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Alfiya G Iksanova
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Rail M Khaziev
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Ilnur M Ganiev
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksandr M Aimaletdinov
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg I Gnezdilov
- Kazan E. K. Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 10/7 ul. Sibirskiy trakt, Kazan, 420029, Russian Federation
| | - Yurii G Shtyrlin
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation.
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Xie RP, Liang XF, Peng D, Zhang QW, Wu DL, Chen JL, Zeng M. Dietary supplementation of pyridoxine can enhance the growth performance and improve the protein, lipid utilization efficiency of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). Fish Physiol Biochem 2023; 49:1063-1078. [PMID: 37542702 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of pyridoxine supplementation in the mandarin fish diet on growth performance, protein and lipid metabolism, and liver and intestinal histology. Mandarin fish were fed six diets with different levels of pyridoxine (2.67 mg/kg (control), 4.41 mg/kg, 6.57 mg/kg, 10.25 mg/kg, 17.93 mg/kg, 33.12 mg/kg diet) for 8 weeks, and samples were collected for analysis. The findings demonstrated that feeding mandarin fish a diet with 6.57 mg/kg pyridoxine led to a significant increase in weight gain rate (WGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), whole-body crude protein, whole-body crude lipid, serum protein, cholesterol (CHO), triacylglycerol (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as well as significantly lower serum glucose (GLU) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we found a significant upregulation of the relative expression of genes associated with hepatic lipid oxidation and synthesis (hl, lpl, pparα, cpt1, cs, srebp1, and fas) and proteolysis (ast, alt, and gdh) in fish fed a diet containing 6.57 mg/kg pyridoxine (P < 0.05). Regarding the histological analysis, we observed a notable decrease in the quantity of intestinal mucus-secreting cells when the fish fed a diet containing 10.25 mg/kg pyridoxine (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that dietary pyridoxine supplementation promotes mandarin fish growth by improving the efficiency of protein and lipid utilization. Additionally, we used a broken-line regression analysis to estimate the optimal dietary pyridoxine requirement for mandarin fish in the range of 6.17-6.41 mg/kg based on WGR, FCR, and PER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Peng Xie
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xu-Fang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Di Peng
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qi-Wei Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dong-Liang Wu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jun-Liang Chen
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Maratha S, Sharma V, Walia V. Possible involvement of NO-sGC-cGMP signaling in the antidepressant like effect of pyridoxine in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:173-183. [PMID: 34739660 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the antidepressant like effect of pyridoxine in mice. Pyridoxine (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to the mice and depression related behavioral and neurochemical alterations were determined. It was observed that pyridoxine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment decreased the immobility period in tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) significantly as compared to control. Pyridoxine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment increased the level of serotonin (5-HT) and decreased the level of nitrite in the brain of mice significantly as compared to control. Pyridoxine thus confer antidepressant like effect by increasing the level of 5-HT and by decreasing the level of nitrite in the brain of mice. Further the influence of nitric oxide (NO)/ soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)/ cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in antidepressant-like effect of pyridoxine was studied. It was observed that the pretreatment of NO donor (i.e. L-Arginine) and cGMP modulator (i.e. sildenafil) counteracted while the pretreatment of NO/sGC inhibitor (i.e. methylene blue) potentiated the effect of pyridoxine in TST and FST. Pretreatment of NO donor did not influence, pretreatment of NO/sGC inhibitor decreased while the pretreatment of cGMP modulator increased the level of brain nitrite in pyridoxine treated mice. Further the pretreatment of NO donor and cGMP modulator decreased while the pretreatment of NO/sGC inhibitor increased the level of brain serotonin in pyridoxine treated mice. Pyridoxine thus exerted antidepressant like effect and NO-sGC-cGMP signaling modulated the antidepressant like effect of pyridoxine in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Maratha
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India
| | - Vijay Sharma
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India
| | - Vaibhav Walia
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India.
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Zheng Y, Chen ZY, Ma WJ, Wang QZ, Liang H, Ma AG. B Vitamins Supplementation Can Improve Cognitive Functions and May Relate to the Enhancement of Transketolase Activity in A Rat Model of Cognitive Impairment Associated with High-fat Diets. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:847-856. [PMID: 34652631 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether B vitamin treatment was sufficient to reduce cognitive impairment associated with high-fat diets in rats and to modulate transketolase (TK) expression and activity. METHODS To test this, we separated 50 rats into five groups that were either fed a standard chow diet (controls) or a high-fat diet (experimental groups H0, H1, H2, and H3). H0 group animals received no additional dietary supplementation, while H1 group animals were administered 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) thiamine, 100 mg/kg BW riboflavin, and 250 mg/kg BW niacin each day, and group H2 animals received daily doses of 100 mg/kg BW pyridoxine, 100 mg/kg BW cobalamin, and 5 mg/kg BW folate. Animals in the H3 group received the B vitamin regimens administered to both H1 and H2 each day. RESULTS Over time, group H0 exhibited greater increases in BW and fat mass relative to other groups. When spatial and memory capabilities in these animals were evaluated via conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and Morris Water Maze (MWM), we found B vitamin treatment was associated with significant improvements relative to untreated H0 controls. Similarly, B vitamin supplementation was associated with elevated TK expression in erythrocytes and hypothalamus of treated animals relative to those in H0 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Together, these findings suggest B vitamin can modulate hypothalamic TK activity to reduce the severity of cognitive deficits in a rat model of obesity. As such, B vitamin supplementation may be a beneficial method for reducing cognitive dysfunction in clinical settings associated with high-fat diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Chen
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wen-Jun Ma
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiu-Zhen Wang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Ai-Guo Ma
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
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7
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Uckun FM, Orhan C, Powell J, Sahin E, Ozercan IH, Volk M, Sahin K. Non-clinical safety profile and pharmacodynamics of two formulations of the anti-sepsis drug candidate Rejuveinix (RJX). Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111823. [PMID: 34147902 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate that the two distinct formulations of our anti-sepsis drug candidate Rejuveinix (RJX), have a very favorable safety profile in Wistar Albino rats at dose levels comparable to the projected clinical dose levels. 14-day treatment with RJX-P (RJX PPP.18.1051) or RJX-B (RJX-B200702-CLN) similarly elevated the day 15 tissue levels of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as ascorbic acid in both the lungs and liver in a dose-dependent fashion. The activity of SOD and ascorbic acid levels were significantly higher in tissues of RJX-P or RJX-B treated rats than vehicle-treated control rats (p < 0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference between tissue SOD activity or ascorbic acid levels of rats treated with RJX-P vs. rats treated with RJX-B (p > 0.05). The observed elevations of the SOD and ascorbic acid levels were transient and were no longer detectable on day 28 following a 14-day recovery period. These results demonstrate that RJX-P and RJX-B are bioequivalent relative to their pharmacodynamic effects on tissue SOD and ascorbic acid levels. Furthermore, both formulations showed profound protective activity in a mouse model of sepsis. In agreement with the PD evaluations in rats and their proposed mechanism of action, both RJX-P and RJX-B exhibited near-identical potent and dose-dependent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in the LPS-GalN model of ARDS and multi-organ failure in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih M Uckun
- Drug Discovery Program, Reven Pharmaceuticals, Westminster, CO 80234, USA; Department of Developmental Therapeutics, Immunology, and Integrative Medicine, Ares Pharmaceuticals, St. Paul, MN 55110, USA.
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey.
| | - Joy Powell
- Drug Discovery Program, Reven Pharmaceuticals, Westminster, CO 80234, USA.
| | - Emre Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey.
| | - Ibrahim H Ozercan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey.
| | - Michael Volk
- Drug Discovery Program, Reven Pharmaceuticals, Westminster, CO 80234, USA.
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey.
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Shtyrlin NV, Pugachev MV, Sapozhnikov SV, Garipov MR, Vafina RM, Grishaev DY, Pavelyev RS, Kazakova RR, Agafonova MN, Iksanova AG, Lisovskaya SA, Zeldi MI, Krylova ES, Nikitina EV, Sabirova AE, Kayumov AR, Shtyrlin YG. Novel Bis-Ammonium Salts of Pyridoxine: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184341. [PMID: 32971844 PMCID: PMC7570726 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 108 novel quaternary bis-ammonium pyridoxine derivatives carrying various substituents at the quaternary nitrogen’s and acetal carbon was synthesized. Thirteen compounds exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activity (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.25–16 µg/mL) comparable or superior than miramistin, benzalkonium chloride, and chlorhexidine. A strong correlation between the lipophilicity and antibacterial activity was found. The most active compounds had logP values in the range of 1–3, while compounds with logP > 6 and logP < 0 were almost inactive. All active compounds demonstrated cytotoxicity comparable with miramistin and chlorhexidine on HEK-293 cells and were three-fold less toxic when compared to benzalkonium chloride. The antibacterial activity of leading compound 5c12 on biofilm-embedded Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa was comparable or even higher than that of the benzalkonium chloride. In vivo 5c12 was considerably less toxic (LD50 1705 mg/kg) than benzalkonium chloride, miramistine, and chlorhexidine at oral administration on CD-1 mice. An aqueous solution of 5c12 (0.2%) was shown to be comparable to reference drugs efficiency on the rat’s skin model. The molecular target of 5c12 seems to be a cellular membrane as other quaternary ammonium salts. The obtained results make the described quaternary bis-ammonium pyridoxine derivatives promising and lead molecules in the development of the new antiseptics with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V. Shtyrlin
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia; (N.V.S.); (M.V.P.); (S.V.S.); (M.R.G.); (R.M.V.); (D.Y.G.); (R.S.P.); (R.R.K.); (M.N.A.); (A.G.I.); (M.I.Z.); (E.S.K.); (E.V.N.); (A.E.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Mikhail V. Pugachev
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia; (N.V.S.); (M.V.P.); (S.V.S.); (M.R.G.); (R.M.V.); (D.Y.G.); (R.S.P.); (R.R.K.); (M.N.A.); (A.G.I.); (M.I.Z.); (E.S.K.); (E.V.N.); (A.E.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Sergey V. Sapozhnikov
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia; (N.V.S.); (M.V.P.); (S.V.S.); (M.R.G.); (R.M.V.); (D.Y.G.); (R.S.P.); (R.R.K.); (M.N.A.); (A.G.I.); (M.I.Z.); (E.S.K.); (E.V.N.); (A.E.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Marsel R. Garipov
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia; (N.V.S.); (M.V.P.); (S.V.S.); (M.R.G.); (R.M.V.); (D.Y.G.); (R.S.P.); (R.R.K.); (M.N.A.); (A.G.I.); (M.I.Z.); (E.S.K.); (E.V.N.); (A.E.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Rusalia M. Vafina
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia; (N.V.S.); (M.V.P.); (S.V.S.); (M.R.G.); (R.M.V.); (D.Y.G.); (R.S.P.); (R.R.K.); (M.N.A.); (A.G.I.); (M.I.Z.); (E.S.K.); (E.V.N.); (A.E.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Denis Y. Grishaev
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia; (N.V.S.); (M.V.P.); (S.V.S.); (M.R.G.); (R.M.V.); (D.Y.G.); (R.S.P.); (R.R.K.); (M.N.A.); (A.G.I.); (M.I.Z.); (E.S.K.); (E.V.N.); (A.E.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Roman S. Pavelyev
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia; (N.V.S.); (M.V.P.); (S.V.S.); (M.R.G.); (R.M.V.); (D.Y.G.); (R.S.P.); (R.R.K.); (M.N.A.); (A.G.I.); (M.I.Z.); (E.S.K.); (E.V.N.); (A.E.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Renata R. Kazakova
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia; (N.V.S.); (M.V.P.); (S.V.S.); (M.R.G.); (R.M.V.); (D.Y.G.); (R.S.P.); (R.R.K.); (M.N.A.); (A.G.I.); (M.I.Z.); (E.S.K.); (E.V.N.); (A.E.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Mariya N. Agafonova
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia; (N.V.S.); (M.V.P.); (S.V.S.); (M.R.G.); (R.M.V.); (D.Y.G.); (R.S.P.); (R.R.K.); (M.N.A.); (A.G.I.); (M.I.Z.); (E.S.K.); (E.V.N.); (A.E.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Alfiya G. Iksanova
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia; (N.V.S.); (M.V.P.); (S.V.S.); (M.R.G.); (R.M.V.); (D.Y.G.); (R.S.P.); (R.R.K.); (M.N.A.); (A.G.I.); (M.I.Z.); (E.S.K.); (E.V.N.); (A.E.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Svetlana A. Lisovskaya
- Kazan Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Kazan 420015, Russia;
| | - Marina I. Zeldi
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia; (N.V.S.); (M.V.P.); (S.V.S.); (M.R.G.); (R.M.V.); (D.Y.G.); (R.S.P.); (R.R.K.); (M.N.A.); (A.G.I.); (M.I.Z.); (E.S.K.); (E.V.N.); (A.E.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Elena S. Krylova
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia; (N.V.S.); (M.V.P.); (S.V.S.); (M.R.G.); (R.M.V.); (D.Y.G.); (R.S.P.); (R.R.K.); (M.N.A.); (A.G.I.); (M.I.Z.); (E.S.K.); (E.V.N.); (A.E.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Elena V. Nikitina
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia; (N.V.S.); (M.V.P.); (S.V.S.); (M.R.G.); (R.M.V.); (D.Y.G.); (R.S.P.); (R.R.K.); (M.N.A.); (A.G.I.); (M.I.Z.); (E.S.K.); (E.V.N.); (A.E.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Alina E. Sabirova
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia; (N.V.S.); (M.V.P.); (S.V.S.); (M.R.G.); (R.M.V.); (D.Y.G.); (R.S.P.); (R.R.K.); (M.N.A.); (A.G.I.); (M.I.Z.); (E.S.K.); (E.V.N.); (A.E.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Airat R. Kayumov
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia; (N.V.S.); (M.V.P.); (S.V.S.); (M.R.G.); (R.M.V.); (D.Y.G.); (R.S.P.); (R.R.K.); (M.N.A.); (A.G.I.); (M.I.Z.); (E.S.K.); (E.V.N.); (A.E.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Yurii G. Shtyrlin
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia; (N.V.S.); (M.V.P.); (S.V.S.); (M.R.G.); (R.M.V.); (D.Y.G.); (R.S.P.); (R.R.K.); (M.N.A.); (A.G.I.); (M.I.Z.); (E.S.K.); (E.V.N.); (A.E.S.); (A.R.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-843-233-7363
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9
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Jung HY, Kim W, Hahn KR, Kang MS, Kim TH, Kwon HJ, Nam SM, Chung JY, Choi JH, Yoon YS, Kim DW, Yoo DY, Hwang IK. Pyridoxine Deficiency Exacerbates Neuronal Damage after Ischemia by Increasing Oxidative Stress and Reduces Proliferating Cells and Neuroblasts in the Gerbil Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155551. [PMID: 32759679 PMCID: PMC7432354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of pyridoxine deficiency on ischemic neuronal death in the hippocampus of gerbil (n = 5 per group). Serum pyridoxal 5′-phosphate levels were significantly decreased in Pyridoxine-deficient diet (PDD)-fed gerbils, while homocysteine levels were significantly increased in sham- and ischemia-operated gerbils. PDD-fed gerbil showed a reduction in neuronal nuclei (NeuN)-immunoreactive neurons in the medial part of the hippocampal CA1 region three days after. Reactive astrocytosis and microgliosis were found in PDD-fed gerbils, and transient ischemia caused the aggregation of activated microglia in the stratum pyramidale three days after ischemia. Lipid peroxidation was prominently increased in the hippocampus and was significantly higher in PDD-fed gerbils than in Control diet (CD)-fed gerbils after ischemia. In contrast, pyridoxine deficiency decreased the proliferating cells and neuroblasts in the dentate gyrus in sham- and ischemia-operated gerbils. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels also significantly decreased in PDD-fed gerbils sham 24 h after ischemia. These results suggest that pyridoxine deficiency accelerates neuronal death by increasing serum homocysteine levels and lipid peroxidation, and by decreasing Nrf2 levels in the hippocampus. Additionally, it reduces the regenerated potentials in hippocampus by decreasing BDNF levels. Collectively, pyridoxine is an essential element in modulating cell death and hippocampal neurogenesis after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (K.R.H.); (Y.S.Y.)
| | - Woosuk Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea;
| | - Kyu Ri Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (K.R.H.); (Y.S.Y.)
| | - Min Soo Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.S.K.); (T.H.K.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Tae Hyeong Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.S.K.); (T.H.K.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea; (H.J.K.); (D.W.K.)
| | - Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05030, Korea;
| | - Jin Young Chung
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Jung Hoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.S.K.); (T.H.K.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (K.R.H.); (Y.S.Y.)
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea; (H.J.K.); (D.W.K.)
| | - Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.Y.Y.); (I.K.H.)
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (K.R.H.); (Y.S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (D.Y.Y.); (I.K.H.)
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10
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Huang J, Yancey PG, Tao H, Borja MS, Smith LE, Kon V, Davies SS, Linton MF. Reactive Dicarbonyl Scavenging Effectively Reduces MPO-Mediated Oxidation of HDL and Restores PON1 Activity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071937. [PMID: 32629758 PMCID: PMC7400685 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atheroprotective functions of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are related to the activity of HDL-associated enzymes such as paraoxonase 1 (PON1). We examined the impact of inhibition of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-mediated HDL oxidation by PON1 on HDL malondialdehyde (MDA) content and HDL function. In the presence of PON1, crosslinking of apoAI in response to MPO-mediated oxidation of HDL was abolished, and MDA-HDL adduct levels were decreased. PON1 prevented the impaired cholesterol efflux capacity of MPO-oxidized HDL from Apoe−/− macrophages. Direct modification of HDL with MDA increased apoAI crosslinking and reduced the cholesterol efflux capacity. MDA modification of HDL reduced its anti-inflammatory function compared to native HDL. MDA-HDL also had impaired ability to increase PON1 activity. Importantly, HDL from subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH-HDL) versus controls had increased MDA-apoAI adducts, and PON1 activity was also impaired in FH. Consistently, FH-HDL induced a pro-inflammatory response in Apoe−/− macrophages and had an impaired ability to promote cholesterol efflux. Interestingly, reactive dicarbonyl scavengers, including 2-hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) and pentyl-pyridoxamine (PPM), effectively abolished MPO-mediated apoAI crosslinking, MDA adduct formation, and improved cholesterol efflux capacity. Treatment of hypercholesterolemic mice with reactive dicarbonyl scavengers reduced MDA-HDL adduct formation and increased HDL cholesterol efflux capacity, supporting the therapeutic potential of reactive carbonyl scavenging for improving HDL function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.H.); (P.G.Y.); (H.T.)
| | - Patricia G. Yancey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.H.); (P.G.Y.); (H.T.)
| | - Huan Tao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.H.); (P.G.Y.); (H.T.)
| | - Mark S. Borja
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University East Bay, Hayward, CA 94542, USA;
| | - Loren E. Smith
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Valentina Kon
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Sean S. Davies
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - MacRae F. Linton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.H.); (P.G.Y.); (H.T.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Correspondence:
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11
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Walia V, Garg C, Garg M. Lithium potentiated, pyridoxine abolished and fluoxetine attenuated the anxiolytic effect of diazepam in mice. Brain Res Bull 2019; 150:343-353. [PMID: 31201833 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the anxiolytic effect of diazepam (1 and 2 mg/kg, i.p.) was determined alone and in combination with lithium (50 mg/kg, i.p.), pyridoxine (90 mg/kg, i.p.) and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) using elevated plus maze (EPM) and light/dark box (LDB) tests in experimental mice. The effect of various treatments on the brain GABA levels and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) expression were also determined. The results obtained suggested that the diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.) exerted anxiolytic effect and significantly increased the brain GABA levels and GAD expression as compared to control group. Fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) exerted anxiogenic effects, but did not affect the brain GABA levels and GAD activity significantly as compared to control. Pretreatments of pyridoxine (90 mg/kg, i.p.) abolished; lithium (50 mg/kg, i.p.) potentiated while fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) attenuated the anxiolytic and neurochemical effects of diazepam (1 and 2 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment in mice. Therefore, the combined treatment of lithium and diazepam might be a promising treatment for anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Walia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D University Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Chanchal Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D University Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Munish Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D University Rohtak, Haryana, India.
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12
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Hasannejad F, Ansar MM, Rostampour M, Mahdavi Fikijivar E, Khakpour Taleghani B. Improvement of pyridoxine-induced peripheral neuropathy by Cichorium intybus hydroalcoholic extract through GABAergic system. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:465-476. [PMID: 30712095 PMCID: PMC10718042 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) toxicity is a well-known model for peripheral neuropathy. GABA and glutamate are two neurotransmitters in neural pathways involved in the peripheral neuropathy. Cichorium intybus (Chicory) contains glycosides and triterpenoids, which inhibit glutamatergic transmission and enhance GABAergic transmission. The present study was aimed at studying the effect of chicory extract (CE) on the pyridoxine-induced peripheral neuropathy with a particular focus on glutamatergic and GABAergic systems. In this experimental study, a high dose of pyridoxine (800 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected for 14 days to induce neuropathy in male rats. To evaluate the behavioral symptoms, three tests including rotarod, hot plate, and foot fault were used. After the induction of neuropathy, CE (50 mg/kg i.p.) was injected intraperitoneally for 10 consecutive days. Morphologically, the sciatic nerve and the DRG neurons were evaluated in the control, neuropathy, and chicory groups by H&E staining. For evaluating the mechanism, picrotoxin (1 mg/kg) and MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg) were also individually injected 15 min before the extract administration. The concentration of TNF-α in rat sciatic nerve and DRG neurons were also measured by enzyme-linked-immunoassay (ELISA). Morphological and physiological changes occurred in the DRG and sciatic nerve following pyridoxine intoxication. The CE exerted an anti-neuropathic effect on the sciatic nerve and DRG neurons and also decreased reaction time in hot plate test (p < 0.05), increased balance time in rotarod test (p < 0.001), and improved foot fault performance (p < 0.01). Moreover, CE administration reduced TNF-α level in DRG (p < 0.001) and sciatica nerve (p < 0.001). Picrotoxin, unlike MK-801, showed a significant difference in all three behavioral tests and reduced TNF-α content in comparison with group received extraction alone (with p < 0.001 for all three tests). Our results showed beneficial effects of CE on pyridoxine-induced peripheral neuropathy. Modulating of the GABAergic system mediated by TNF-α may be involved in the anti-neurotoxic effect of CE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malek Moein Ansar
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostampour
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Behrooz Khakpour Taleghani
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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13
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Peraza AV, Guzmán DC, Brizuela NO, Herrera MO, Olguín HJ, Silva ML, Tapia BJ, Mejía GB. Riboflavin and pyridoxine restore dopamine levels and reduce oxidative stress in brain of rats. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:71. [PMID: 30413185 PMCID: PMC6230234 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological disorders suggest that the excitotoxicity involves a drastic increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and the formation of reactive oxygen species. The presence of these free radicals may also affect the dopaminergic system. The aim of this work was to determine if riboflavin (B2) and pyridoxine (B6) provide protection to the brain against free radicals generated by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) by measuring the levels of dopamine (DA) and selected oxidative stress markers. METHODS Male Fisher rats were grouped (n = 6) and treated as follows: group 1, control (NaCl 0.9%); group 2, 3-NPA (20 mg/kg); group 3, B2 (10 mg/kg); group 4, B2 (10 mg/kg) + 3-NPA (20 mg/kg); group 5, B6 (10 mg/kg) and group 6, B6 + 3-NPA. All treatments were administered every 24 h for 5 days by intraperitoneal route. After sacrifice, the brain was obtained to measure DA, GSH, and lipid peroxidation, Ca2+, Mg2+, ATPase and H2O2. MAIN FINDINGS Levels of dopamine increased in cortex, striatum and cerebellum/medulla oblongata of animals that received 3-NPA alone. The lipid peroxidation increased in cortex, striatum, and cerebellum/medulla oblongata, of animals treated with B2 vitamin alone. ATPase dependent on Ca+2, Mg+2 and H2O2 increased in all regions of animals that received 3-NPA alone. CONCLUSION The results confirm the capacity of 3-NPA to generate oxidative stress. Besides, the study suggests that B2 or B6 vitamins restored the levels of DA and reduced oxidative stress in brain of rats. We believe that these results would help in the study of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Calderón Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma Osnaya Brizuela
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Hugo Juárez Olguín
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av Imán #1, 3er piso, Col Cuicuilco, CP 04530 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miroslava Lindoro Silva
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av Imán #1, 3er piso, Col Cuicuilco, CP 04530 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Belén Juárez Tapia
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av Imán #1, 3er piso, Col Cuicuilco, CP 04530 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Barragán Mejía
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Mexico City, Mexico
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14
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Li C, Wang R, Hu C, Wang H, Ma Q, Chen S, He Y. Pyridoxine exerts antioxidant effects in cell model of Alzheimer's disease via the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2018; 64:119-124. [PMID: 30084803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pyridoxine is a water- soluble pyridine derivative. The effect of pyridoxine in cell models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the potential mechanisms involved, are not fully understood. In this study, the anti-AD effects of pyridoxine were studied in an AD cell model using a combination of techniques viz MTT assay, western blotting and assays for reactive oxygen species (ROS). Assays were also carried out to determine the mechanism underlying the antioxidant effects of pyridoxine. The results obtained revealed that pyridoxine exerted a protective potential against AD, attenuated ROS levels, decreased the expressions of cytoplasmic Nrf2, and upregulated whole-cell HO-1 expression. These results suggest that the anti-AD effect of pyridoxine may be attributed to its anti-oxidant property elicited via stimulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Geriatrics Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004, Xi'an,Shaanxi, PR.China
| | - Ruili Wang
- Department of Geriatrics Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004, Xi'an,Shaanxi, PR.China
| | - Chunting Hu
- Department of Geriatrics Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004, Xi'an,Shaanxi, PR.China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004, Xi'an,Shaanxi, PR.China
| | - Qiaoya Ma
- Department of Geriatrics Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004, Xi'an,Shaanxi, PR.China
| | - Songsheng Chen
- Department of Geriatrics Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004, Xi'an,Shaanxi, PR.China
| | - Ya He
- Department of Geriatrics Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004, Xi'an,Shaanxi, PR.China
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15
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Falsaperla R, Vari MS, Toldo I, Murgia A, Sartori S, Vecchi M, Suppiej A, Burlina A, Mastrangelo M, Leuzzi V, Marchiani V, De Liso P, Capovilla G, Striano P, Vitaliti G. Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsies: an observational study on clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic features in a pediatric cohort. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:261-269. [PMID: 29178011 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to describe the clinical, electroencephalogram, molecular findings and the diagnostic and therapeutic flow-chart of children with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsies (PDEs). We performed a retrospective observational study on children with PDEs, diagnosed and followed-up in Italian Pediatric Departments. In each centre, the authors collected data from a cohort of children admitted for intractable seizures, responsive to pyridoxine administration and resistant to other anticonvulsant therapies. Data were retrospectively analysed from January 2016 to January 2017. Sixteen patients (13 males, and 3 females) were included. We found that 93.75% of patients underwent conventional anticonvulsant therapy before starting pyridoxine administration and 62.5% had ex-juvantibus diagnosis, as specific serum diagnostic tests had been performed in only 37.5% of patients by alpha-AASA and pipecolic acid blood and urine dosage. The most common type of seizure was generalized tonic-clonic in 7 patients and the most common EEG pattern was characterized by a "burst suppression" pattern. Before pyridoxine administration, other anticonvulsant drugs were used in 93.75% of patients, with consequent onset of drug-resistance. Phenobarbital was the most frequently used drug as first-line treatment. The importance of our study relies on the need of a deeper knowledge of PDEs in terms of early diagnosis, avoiding incorrect treatment and related adverse events, clinical and EEG pathognomonic features, and genetic aspects of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Falsaperla
- General Pediatrics and Pediatric Acute and Emergency Unit, Policlinico-Vittorio-Emanuele University Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Vari
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Irene Toldo
- Neurology and Neurophysiology O.U., Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandra Murgia
- Neurology and Neurophysiology O.U., Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Sartori
- Neurology and Neurophysiology O.U., Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marilena Vecchi
- Neurology and Neurophysiology O.U., Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Agnese Suppiej
- Neurology and Neurophysiology O.U., Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Burlina
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases O.U., Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Mario Mastrangelo
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Marchiani
- Infantile Neuropsychiatry O.U., Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, DIMEC, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola De Liso
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Capovilla
- Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantua, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Vitaliti
- General Pediatrics and Pediatric Acute and Emergency Unit, Policlinico-Vittorio-Emanuele University Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Peeters ACTM, van der Molen EF, Blom HJ, den Heijer M. The effect of homocysteine reduction by B-vitamin supplementation on markers of endothelial dysfunction. Thromb Haemost 2017; 92:1086-91. [PMID: 15543337 DOI: 10.1160/th04-05-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryHyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for arterial vascular disease and venous thrombosis. The pathophysiology of this relation is unclear, but several studies suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia impairs endothelial function. We examined the effect of homocysteine lowering by B-vitamin supplementation on tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI) and von Willebrand factor (vWf) markers of endothelial dysfunction in hyperhomocysteinemic and normohomocysteinemic volunteers. A total of 123 healthy volunteers were randomized to placebo or B-vitamins (5 mg folic acid, 0.4 mg hydroxycobalamin and 50 mg pyridoxine) daily for 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention period, blood samples were taken for measurements of homocysteine, tPA, PAI and vWf.There was no evident association between homocysteine concentration and concentrations of markers of endothelial dysfunction at baseline.The mean reduction of homocysteine concentration was 31% (95%CI 22.7 to 39.1) in the B-vitamin group compared to 3% reduction in the placebo group. Concentrations of tPA, PAI and vWf did not change after supplementation of B-vitamins. In conclusion, the results of our study show that homocysteine reduction by B-vitamin supplementation has no effect on markers of endothelial dysfunction in healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita C T M Peeters
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Aboelenain M, Balboula AZ, Kawahara M, El-Monem Montaser A, Zaabel SM, Kim SW, Nagano M, Takahashi M. Pyridoxine supplementation during oocyte maturation improves the development and quality of bovine preimplantation embryos. Theriogenology 2017; 91:127-133. [PMID: 28215677 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recently, inhibition of cathepsin B (CTSB) activity during in vitro maturation (IVM) and culture (IVC) improved the developmental competence and quality of bovine oocytes and embryos. E-64 is a widely used inhibitor to inhibit CTSB activity, however, E-64 inhibits not only CTSB activity but also the activities of other proteases including cathepsin L (CTSL), papain, calpain, and trypsin. Pyridoxine, the catalytically active form of vitamin B6, plays a crucial role in several cellular processes and has the ability to inhibit CTSB activity. However, whether pyridoxine has an improving effect during IVM of bovine oocytes is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of pyridoxine supplementation during IVM on the developmental competence of bovine oocytes and the quality of the produced blastocysts. Supplementation of pyridoxine to the maturation medium significantly decreased the activity of CTSB in both bovine cumulus cells and oocytes. Moreover, pyridoxine improved both the blastocyst and hatched blastocyst rates. In addition, the presence of pyridoxine during IVM also significantly improved the quality of the produced embryos by increasing the total cell number as well as decreasing the CTSB mRNA expression and apoptotic rate. These results indicate that pyridoxine is a promising tool to improve the developmental competence of bovine oocytes and subsequent embryo quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Aboelenain
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zaky Balboula
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Manabu Kawahara
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Abd El-Monem Montaser
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Samy Moawad Zaabel
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Animal Genetic Resources Research Center, Namwon, 55717, South Korea
| | - Masashi Nagano
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Masashi Takahashi
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan.
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Salami SA, Oluwatosin OO, Oso AO, Fafiolu AO, Sogunle OM, Jegede AV, Bello FA, Pirgozliev V. Bioavailability of Cu, Zn and Mn from Mineral Chelates or Blends of Inorganic Salts in Growing Turkeys Fed with Supplemental Riboflavin and/or Pyridoxine. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 173:168-76. [PMID: 26781955 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An 84-day feeding trial was conducted in growing turkeys to measure the bioavailability of Cu, Zn and Mn from a commercial mineral chelate and corresponding inorganic salts in composite feeds containing supplemental riboflavin (B2) and/or pyridoxine (B6). A total of 320, 28-day-old British United Turkeys (BUT) were assigned to eight dietary treatments in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement comprising two trace mineral sources: chelated trace mineral blend (CTMB) and its corresponding inorganic trace minerals blend (ITMB) fed solely or with supplements of vitamin B2 (8 ppm) or B6 (7 ppm) or 8 ppm B2 + 7 ppm B6. Each treatment was replicated four times with 10 turkeys each. It was observed that turkeys fed with diets supplemented solely with ITMB elicited higher (P < 0.05) Zn excretion than their counterparts fed with diets containing ITMB with supplements of vitamins B2 and/or B6. Manganese retention was lower (P < 0.05) in turkeys fed with diets supplemented solely with ITMB than those fed with diets containing vitamins B2 and/or B6 additives. Combination of CTMB or ITMB with B6 improved (P < 0.05) the concentration of Mn in the liver and Cu in the bone. It was concluded that the minerals in CTMB were more available to the animals than ITMB. Furthermore, vitamins B2 and/or B6 supplementation improved the bioavailability of the inorganic Cu, Zn and Mn in growing turkeys and tended to reduce the concentration of these trace elements in birds' excreta.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Salami
- College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - O O Oluwatosin
- College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
- World Bank Center of Excellence in Agricultural Development and Sustainable Environment, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. , P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - A O Oso
- College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
- World Bank Center of Excellence in Agricultural Development and Sustainable Environment, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. , P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - A O Fafiolu
- College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
- World Bank Center of Excellence in Agricultural Development and Sustainable Environment, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. , P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - O M Sogunle
- College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
- World Bank Center of Excellence in Agricultural Development and Sustainable Environment, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. , P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - A V Jegede
- College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
- World Bank Center of Excellence in Agricultural Development and Sustainable Environment, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. , P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - F A Bello
- College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Wong D, Hu X, Tao N, Wang X, Wang M. Effect and mechanism of pyridoxamine on the lipid peroxidation and stability of polyunsaturated fatty acids in beef patties. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:3418-3423. [PMID: 26538517 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about how vitamins can affect the peroxidation and stability of polyunsaturated fatty acids in cooked foods. Thus the effects of 15 vitamins on toxic malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in cooked beef patties were examined with the application of solid phase extraction and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) analysis by HPLC-DAD. The polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles in cooked beef patties treated with some vitamins were further compared with that of control sample (no vitamin addition) by GC-MS analysis. RESULTS Pyridoxamine, pyridoxine, retinoic acid, α-tocopherol and L-ascorbic acid exhibited significant effects lowering the amount of MDA. It was further discovered that retinoic acid, α-tocopherol and l-ascorbic acid could help preserve polyunsaturated fatty acids, while pyridoxamine addition actually showed no effect upon the retention of most of the tested polyunsaturated fatty acids, even lowering the content of arachidonic acid. Further LC-MS analysis demonstrated that pyridoxamine could directly react with MDA via an addition reaction. The reaction involves a nucleophilic attack of pyridoxamine's free amine group on one of the aldehyde functional groups of MDA to form a new adduct, and may accelerate lipid peroxidation with the loss of more polyunsaturated fatty acids. CONCLUSION Some vitamins may directly participate in lipid peroxidation and affect food quality. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Hu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ningping Tao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xichang Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Mingfu Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Huang Y, Su L, Wu J. Pyridoxine Supplementation Improves the Activity of Recombinant Glutamate Decarboxylase and the Enzymatic Production of Gama-Aminobutyric Acid. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157466. [PMID: 27438707 PMCID: PMC4954698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) catalyzes the irreversible decarboxylation of L-glutamate to the valuable food supplement γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In this study, GAD from Escherichia coli K12, a pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme, was overexpressed in E. coli. The GAD produced in media supplemented with 0.05 mM soluble vitamin B6 analog pyridoxine hydrochloride (GAD-V) activity was 154.8 U mL-1, 1.8-fold higher than that of GAD obtained without supplementation (GAD-C). Purified GAD-V exhibited increased activity (193.4 U mg-1, 1.5-fold higher than that of GAD-C), superior thermostability (2.8-fold greater than that of GAD-C), and higher kcat/Km (1.6-fold higher than that of GAD-C). Under optimal conditions in reactions mixtures lacking added PLP, crude GAD-V converted 500 g L-1 monosodium glutamate (MSG) to GABA with a yield of 100%, and 750 g L-1 MSG with a yield of 88.7%. These results establish the utility of pyridoxine supplementation and lay the foundation for large-scale enzymatic production of GABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lingqia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- * E-mail:
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21
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Su L, Huang Y, Wu J. Enhanced production of recombinant Escherichia coli glutamate decarboxylase through optimization of induction strategy and addition of pyridoxine. Bioresour Technol 2015; 198:63-69. [PMID: 26364229 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the optimization of recombinant Escherichia coli glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) production from engineered E. coli BL21(DE3) in a 3-L fermentor. Investigation of different induction strategies revealed that induction was optimal when the temperature was maintained at 30°C, the inducer (lactose) was fed at a rate of 0.2 g L(-1)h(-1), and protein expression was induced when the cell density (OD600) reached 50. Under these conditions, the GAD activity of 1273.8 U mL(-1) was achieved. Because GAD is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme, the effect of supplementing the medium with pyridoxine hydrochloride (PN), a cheap and stable PLP precursor, on GAD production was also investigated. When the culture medium was supplemented with PN to a concentration of 2mM at the initiation of protein expression, and then again 10h later, the GAD activity reached 3193.4 U mL(-1), which represented the highest GAD production ever reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Holsboer F, Benkert O, Demisch L. Changes in MAO activity during estrogen treatment of females with endogenous depression. Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiatry 2015; 19:321-6. [PMID: 6865971 DOI: 10.1159/000407529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Sharp AA, Bekoff A. Pyridoxine treatment alters embryonic motility in chicks: Implications for the role of proprioception. Dev Psychobiol 2015; 57:271-7. [PMID: 25645095 PMCID: PMC4336203 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Somatosensory feedback is important for the modulation of normal locomotion in adult animals, but we do not have a good understanding of when somatosensory information is first used to modulate motility during embryogenesis or how somatosensation is first used to regulate motor output. We used pyridoxine administration (vitamin B6 ), which is known to mostly kill proprioceptive neurons in adult mammals and embryonic chicks, to explore the role of proprioceptive feedback during early embryonic motility in the chick. Injection of pyridoxine on embryonic day 7 (E7) and E8 reduced the amplitude of leg movements recorded on E9 and the number of large, healthy neurons in the ventral-lateral portion of the DRGs. We conclude that proprioception is initially used during embryogenesis to modulate the strength of motor output, but that it is not incorporated into other aspects of pattern generation until later in development as poly-synaptic pathways develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A. Sharp
- Department of Anatomy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
- Center for Integrated Research and Cognitive Neural Science, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Anne Bekoff
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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Abstract
The case-cohort sampling, first proposed in Prentice (Biometrika 73:1-11, 1986), is one of the most effective cohort designs for analysis of event occurrence, with the regression model being the typical Cox proportional hazards model. This paper extends to consider the case-cohort design for recurrent events with certain specific clustering feature, which is captured by a properly modified Cox-type self-exciting intensity model. We discuss the advantage of using this model and validate the pseudo-likelihood method. Simulation studies are presented in support of the theory. Application is illustrated with analysis of a bladder cancer data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia,
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Lee H, Park HS, Hong SH, Choi OK, Cho SD, Park J, Oh JE, Chung SS, Jung HS, Park KS. 4-Deoxypyridoxine improves the viability of isolated pancreatic islets ex vivo. Islets 2013; 5:116-21. [PMID: 23756681 DOI: 10.4161/isl.25254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful islet transplantation, for the treatment of type 1 diabetes, depends on the quantity and the quality of transplanted islets. Previously, it has reported that the significant loss of isolated islet mass could be prevented by sphingolipid metabolite, sphinogosine 1-phophate (S1P). This study was performed to elucidate whether the beneficial effects of S1P maintaining isolated pancreatic islets ex vivo are mimicked by modulation of intracellular S1P. We tested the in vitro effect of various agents that modulate intracellular S1P levels in insulinoma cell lines and isolated islets to compare their anti-apoptotic effects with that of S1P. As results, we discovered that 4-deoxypyridoxine (DOP), which inhibits the degradation of intracellular S1P by inhibiting S1P lyase (SPL) activity, minimized the chemically induced apoptosis of insulinoma cell lines as S1P did. Also, supplementation of DOP in the culture media protected the regression of isolated islets that have been maintained ex vivo at least for 18 h providing the evidence of increasing viability of isolated islets with DOP, which impaired SPL activity. In conclusion, these results suggest that the application of SPL inhibitors could be considered as a supplement for the maintenance of viable islets isolated from donor sources in the process of islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakmo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Gandhi AK, Desai JV, Ghatge MS, di Salvo ML, Di Biase S, Danso-Danquah R, Musayev FN, Contestabile R, Schirch V, Safo MK. Crystal structures of human pyridoxal kinase in complex with the neurotoxins, ginkgotoxin and theophylline: insights into pyridoxal kinase inhibition. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40954. [PMID: 22879864 PMCID: PMC3412620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several drugs and natural compounds are known to be highly neurotoxic, triggering epileptic convulsions or seizures, and causing headaches, agitations, as well as other neuronal symptoms. The neurotoxic effects of some of these compounds, including theophylline and ginkgotoxin, have been traced to their inhibitory activity against human pyridoxal kinase (hPL kinase), resulting in deficiency of the active cofactor form of vitamin B₆, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP). Pyridoxal (PL), an inactive form of vitamin B₆ is converted to PLP by PL kinase. PLP is the B₆ vitamer required as a cofactor for over 160 enzymatic activities essential in primary and secondary metabolism. We have performed structural and kinetic studies on hPL kinase with several potential inhibitors, including ginkgotoxin and theophylline. The structural studies show ginkgotoxin and theophylline bound at the substrate site, and are involved in similar protein interactions as the natural substrate, PL. Interestingly, the phosphorylated product of ginkgotoxin is also observed bound at the active site. This work provides insights into the molecular basis of hPL kinase inhibition and may provide a working hypothesis to quickly screen or identify neurotoxic drugs as potential hPL kinase inhibitors. Such adverse effects may be prevented by administration of an appropriate form of vitamin B₆, or provide clues of how to modify these drugs to help reduce their hPL kinase inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K. Gandhi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jigar V. Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mohini S. Ghatge
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Martino L. di Salvo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche and Istituto Pasteur – Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Biase
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche and Istituto Pasteur – Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Richmond Danso-Danquah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Faik N. Musayev
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Roberto Contestabile
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche and Istituto Pasteur – Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Verne Schirch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Martin K. Safo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
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Dolgushin MV, Sobolev VG, Gushchin AS. [Morpho-functional analysis of blood leukocytes after isoniazid administration]. Morfologiia 2012; 142:62-66. [PMID: 23236893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The functional-metabolic response peculiarities of the rat blood cells to isoniazid (one of the main antituberculosis medications) were studied. Isoniazid or its complex with pyridoxine were administrated orally for 3 months in therapeutic (5 mg/kg) and the toxic (100 mg/kg) doses (based on isoniazid). Isoniazid in toxic dose was found to inhibit the phagocytosis and the myeloperoxidase activity in neutrophils, the hydrolase activity in neutrophils and lymphocytes, but, at the same time, it activated dehydrogenase activity in lymphocytes. Pyridoxine modified the toxic effect of isoniazid on the metabolic processes (prevented the inhibition of phagocytosis and peroxidase activity in neutrophils, stimulated acid phosphatase activity in lymphocytes, decreased in the level of the lysosomal cationic proteins in neutrophils). It is suggested that the response of the blood cells to isoniazid, demonstrated in this work, was caused by the capacity of the medication to functionally activate the adrenal cortex, while the cellular-metabolic effects of pyridoxine could be associated with the modulation of glucocorticosteroid activity.
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Abstract
Nonenzymatic glycation of long-lived proteins has been implicated in several complications related to age and diabetes. Dicarbonyl compounds such as methylglyoxal (MGO) have been identified as the predominant source for the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in various tissues. We investigated the effect of 13 micronutrients on MGO-mediated in vitro glycation of bovine serum albumin (BSA), as formation of AGEs and protein carbonyls. BSA (10 mg/ml) was incubated at 37°C with 100 mM MGO for 24 hours, in presence of ascorbic acid, Trolox (water-soluble α-tocopherol analog), β-carotene, retinol, riboflavin, thiamin, folic acid, niacin, pyridoxine, zinc, iron, manganese, and selenium. Fluorescence was measured at the wavelength pair of 370 and 440 nm as an index of the formation of AGEs and spectra were recorded for promising interactions at λex=280 nm and λex=370 nm. Within four standard antiglycating agents, aminoguanidine showed highest inhibitory response for BSA glycation followed by quercetin, gallic acid, and tannic acid. Promising antiglycation potential was seen for Trolox, riboflavin, Zn, and Mn as evidenced by decrease in the formation of AGEs and protein carbonyls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirtan V Tarwadi
- Biometry and Nutrition Group, Agharkar Research Institute, GG Agarkar Road, Pune, 411004, India
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) affects 90% of pregnant women and its impact is often underappreciated. Hyperemesis gravidarum, the most severe end of the spectrum, affects 0.5-2% of pregnancies. The pathogenesis of this condition remains obscure and its management has largely been empirical. This review aims to provide an update on advances in pregnancy hyperemesis focusing on papers published within the past 2 years. RECENT FINDINGS The cause of hyperemesis is continuing to be elaborated. Recent data attest to the effectiveness of the oral doxylamine-pyridoxine in NVP. Follow-up data of children exposed in early pregnancy to doxylamine-pyridoxine for NVP are reassuring. Evidence is increasing for ginger as an effective herbal remedy for NVP. Metoclopramide is effective in NVP and hyperemesis gravidarum, with a good balance of efficacy and tolerability. A recent large-scale study on first trimester exposure to metoclopramide is reassuring of its safety. Evidence is emerging for the treatment of acid reflux to ameliorate NVP. The role of corticosteroids for hyperemesis gravidarum remains controversial. Transpyloric feeding may be warranted for persistent weight loss, despite optimal antiemetic therapy. SUMMARY Women with significant NVP should be identified so that they can be safely and effectively treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng C Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Zherdev VP, Kolyvanov GB, Litvin AA, Solodakhin AV, Burmistrov VA. [Comparative pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of magnesium-containing drugs]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2010; 73:28-30. [PMID: 21395014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetics of magnesium ions after single peroral administration of Magnelis B6 and Magne B6 coated tablets (magnesium dose, 48 mg) was studied in rabbits. In the blood plasma, the level of magnesium ions was very low compared to the endogenous level, which did not allow the drug bioavailability to be reliable evaluated. At the same time, the level of magnesium ions was reliable determined in the daily urine of test animals. The relative bioavailability of magnesium for Magnelis B6 versus Magne B6 was estimated at 98.93 +/- 12.45% (average +/- SD).
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Garg MB, Ackland SP. Pyridoxine to protect from oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity without compromising antitumour effect. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2010; 67:963-6. [PMID: 20976600 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-010-1476-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxaliplatin (OHP) in combination with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (FOLFOX) is clinically used as frontline therapy in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma (CRC), with response rates ranging from 46 to 71%. This combination is now considered a standard treatment for metastatic CRC and also in the post-operative adjuvant setting. Reversible, cumulative, peripheral sensory neuropathy is the principal dose-limiting toxicity of OHP therapy. Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) has been shown to reduce cisplatin and fluoropyrimidine-related neurotoxicity but its administration with OHP has not yet been studied. Low doses of pyridoxine are free of side effects; it can be given orally. If pyridoxine administration with oxaliplatin has no adverse effect on OHP cytotoxicity effects, it will be a simple and cost-effective way to minimise OHP-induced neurotoxicity. METHODS In vitro simultaneous combination of OHP and pyridoxine was studied in 6 CRC cell lines (HT29, Widr, SW480, HCT116, H630 and SW1116), in an ovarian cancer cell line (A2780) and its cisplatin-resistant subline (ADDP) and in an oestrogen-dependent breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Three fixed concentrations of pyridoxine: 1, 10 and 25 μM were combined with varying concentrations of OHP, and the growth inhibitory effects were evaluated using the MTT cell growth assay. RESULTS Oxaliplatin induced consistent cytotoxicity in all cell lines with GI(50) values between 0.23 and 7.6 μM. Addition of pyridoxine at concentrations of 1-25 μM does not affect OHP cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Administration of pyridoxine, at concentrations extending across possible therapeutic plasma levels in humans, does not antagonise OHP antitumour effects in a range of relevant tumour cell lines. This study provides a foundation for clinical studies to test whether pyridoxine can minimise OHP-related neurotoxicity, and clinicians can be confident that pyridoxine is very unlikely to reverse the antitumour effects of OHP, as seems to be the case with Ca/Mg infusions. This could prove to be a cost-effective way to minimise OHP-related neurotoxicity, allowing more effective less toxic treatment and better outcomes in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu B Garg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Locked bag No 7, Hunter Regional Mail Centre, Newcastle, NSW 2310, Australia
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Abstract
Products prepared from Ginkgo biloba are top-selling phytopharmaceuticals especially in Europe and major botanical dietary supplements in the United States. In European medicine, G. biloba medications are used to improve memory, to treat neuronal disorders such as tinnitus or intermittent claudication, and to improve brain metabolism and peripheral blood flow. The whole array of indications is reflected by a number of defined natural product constituents in G. biloba. The most well-known ones are flavonoids and terpene lactones, but they also include allergenic and toxic compounds such as ginkgotoxin (1). Consequently, there are reports attributing beneficial as well as adverse effects to G. biloba products. The present paper summarizes recent experiences with G. biloba and its derived products and explains why their restricted use is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eckhard Leistner
- Institut for Pharmazeutische Biologie der Rheinischen Friedrich Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Nussallee 6, D 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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Katunuma N. [Structure-based drug development and medical/biological application of cathepsin specific inhibitors]. Seikagaku 2009; 81:952-961. [PMID: 19999577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Katunuma
- Institute for Health Sciences, Tokushima Bumi University, 180 Nishihamabouji, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
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Abstract
In a double-blind, randomized, controlled study, the effectiveness of treatment with a combination of Benfotiamine (an Allithiamine, a lipid-soluble derivative of vitamin B1 with high bioavailability) plus vitamin B6/B12 on objective parameters of neuropathy was studied over a period of 12 weeks on 24 diabetic patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. The results showed a significant improvement (p = 0.006) of nerve conduction velocity in the peroneal nerve and a statistical trend toward improvement of the vibration perception threshold. Long-term observation of 9 patients with verum over a period of 9 months support the results. Therapy-specific adverse effects were not seen. The results of this double-blind investigation, of the long-term observation and of the reports in the literature support the contention that the neurotropic benfotiamine-vitamin B combination represents a starting point in the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Stracke
- Third Medical Department, University of Giessen, Germany
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Yang YM, Kim HE, Ki SH, Kim SG. Metadoxine, an ion-pair of pyridoxine and L-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate, blocks adipocyte differentiation in association with inhibition of the PKA-CREB pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2009; 488:91-9. [PMID: 19607801 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenesis is orchestrated by the expression of master adipogenic regulators. In particular, phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) by protein kinase A promotes CREB nuclear translocation, thereby inducing expression of the adipogenic regulators and resulting in adipogenic maturation. Although metadoxine, an ion-pair of pyridoxine and l-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate, has been shown to inhibit lipid accumulation in the liver, its effect on adipocyte differentiation has never been explored. This study investigated the effects of metadoxine on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and the molecular mechanism. Metadoxine treatment did not inhibit mitotic clonal expansion, but inhibited late-stage cell differentiation, suggesting that metadoxine may block the differentiation step of preadipocytes. Metadoxine inhibited CREB phosphorylation and binding to the cAMP response element, thereby repressing CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta during hormone-induced adipogenesis. Overall, metadoxine inhibits adipogenic differentiation in association with the inhibition of CREB/cAMP response element-dependent CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta induction in the protein kinase A-CREB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Mee Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Sillim-dong, Kwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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Kramer S, Viljoen E, Becker D, Zail SS, Metz J. The relationship between haem and globin synthesis by erythroid precursors in refractory normoblastic anaemia. Scand J Haematol 2009; 6:293-302. [PMID: 5364335 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1969.tb02413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Amara RO, Aburawi SM. Pyridoxine effect on the antidepressant action of imipramine in albino mice. Saudi Med J 2008; 29:1554-1557. [PMID: 18997999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the behavioral effect of pyridoxine on the antidepressant action of imipramine. METHODS Male Wistar albino mice of weights 25-35gms were used. Two experiments were carried out; the first on the acute effect of pyridoxine on the duration of immobility, and the second on the sub-chronic effects of pyridoxine alone and in combination with imipramine. In the first experiment, 4 groups of animals received saline, 65, 125, and 250mg/kg pyridoxine. Forced swimming test (FST) was performed 30 minutes after drug administration. In the second experiment, 6 groups of mice were used. The first group received saline, the second group received imipramine 10 mg/kg, the third group received pyridoxine 65mg/kg, the fourth group received pyridoxine 250mg/kg, the fifth group received combined treatment of imipramine and pyridoxine 65 mg/kg, while the sixth group received a combined treatment of imipramine and pyridoxine 250 mg/kg. Administration of drugs was at 24, 5, and one hour before the test. This work was carried out in the Biotechnology Research Center, Twisha, Libya, in June 2007. RESULTS Acute administration of pyridoxine did not change the duration of immobility compared to the control group. Sub-chronic administration showed that pyridoxine (65mg/kg) did not change the immobility time, while a higher dose of pyridoxine (250mg/kg) decreased the immobility time. Imipramine at 10mg/kg reduces the immobility time significantly. Pyridoxine did not change imipramine action. CONCLUSION Pyridoxine alone may produce an antidepressant effect. Pyridoxine in combination with imipramine did not change the imipramine action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugaia O Amara
- Biotechnology Research Center, Twisha, Gasr ben Ghachier, Libya
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Spasov AA, Iezgitsa IN, Kharitonova MV, Kravchenko MS. [Effect of some organic and inorganic magnesium salts on lipoprotein state in rats fed with magnesium-deficient diet]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2008; 71:35-40. [PMID: 18819439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Low serum magnesium (Mg) concentrations have been reported in patients with atherosclerosis. From the other hand numerous clinical reports suggest the beneficial effects of Mg adjuvant therapy for the treatment of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this present study was to compare the effect of Mg L-aspartate and Mg chloride alone and in combinations with pyridoxine, Mg sulfate and Magne B6 (Mg lactate with pyridoxine) on lipid profile in rats fed with Mg deficient diet. To induce hypomagnesemia, fifty-three rats were placed on a Mg-deficient diet (ICN Biomedicals Inc. Aurora, OH) and demineralized water for 7 weeks. Seven control rats were fed a basal control diet (Mg content = 500 mg/kg) and water (with Mg content 20 mg/l) for equal duration. On the forty-ninth day of Mg-deficient diet, rats were treated one of the six supplementations: Mg chloride, Mg L-aspartate alone and in combinations with pyridoxine, Mg sulphate and Magne B6 (50 mg Mg and 5 mg vitamin B6 per kg). In our study Mg deficiency resulted in increase of triglyceride (by 35.2 %p < 0.0001), LDL (more than fourfold p < 0.0001), total cholesterol (by 38.7% p < 0.0001), apolipoprotein B (by 74.1%, p = 0.0006) levels and decrease in concentration of HDL (by 28.7% p < 0.0001). The non-HDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio was more than threefold increased (p < 0.0001). Oral magnesium salts led to normalization of lipid state with a return to pre-deficient levels. Magnesium salts in combinations with pyridoxine tended to be significantly more effective as compared with salts without pyridoxine. The hypolipidemic effect of studied salts was comparable with those observed in Magne B6 treatment and significantly higher than in magnesium sulfate treatment.
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Araujo JA, Landsberg GM, Milgram NW, Miolo A. Improvement of short-term memory performance in aged beagles by a nutraceutical supplement containing phosphatidylserine, Ginkgo biloba, vitamin E, and pyridoxine. Can Vet J 2008; 49:379-385. [PMID: 18481547 PMCID: PMC2275342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Aged dogs demonstrate cognitive decline that is linked to brain aging. The purpose of the present study was to examine if a commercially available nutraceutical supplement that may be neuroprotective and contains phosphatidylserine, Ginkgo biloba, vitamin E, and pyridoxine could improve cognitive function in aged beagles. Nine aged beagles were tested on performance on a delayed-non-matching-to-position task, which is a neuropsychological test of short-term visuospatial memory. All subjects were tested on 5 baseline sessions; then, to assess the supplement, a crossover design was used in which 1 group received the supplement and the other a control substance in the 1st phase, with treatment conditions being reversed in the 2nd phase. Performance accuracy was significantly improved in supplemented dogs compared with control dogs and the effect was long lasting. These findings suggest that the nutraceutical supplement can improve memory in aged dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Araujo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario.
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Kucuk O, Kahraman A, Kurt I, Yildiz N, Onmaz AC. A combination of zinc and pyridoxine supplementation to the diet of laying hens improves performance and egg quality. Biol Trace Elem Res 2008; 126:165-75. [PMID: 18719859 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-008-8190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate whether zinc, along with pyridoxine, is effective in improving performance and egg quality of laying hens. One hundred and twenty, 28-week-old Hy-Line laying hens were assigned to four treatment groups, 30 hens each. The birds were fed a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with either 30 mg of zinc/kg of diet, 8 mg of pyridoxine/kg of diet, or 30 mg of zinc plus 8 mg of pyridoxine/kg of diet. Feed conversion (P < 0.01) and egg production (P < 0.01) improved most when both zinc and pyridoxine were supplemented to the diet. Eggshell weights were also greatest (P < 0.01) when the diet was supplemented with both pyridoxine and zinc. Egg-shape index was, however, greatest with zinc-supplemented diet (P < 0.004). Haugh unit was greatest in eggs of hens fed a diet supplemented with both zinc and pyridoxine (P < 0.01). Dietary zinc and pyridoxine supplementations together increased plasma calcium and phosphorous concentrations (P < 0.002). The results of the present study suggested that zinc (30 ppm) and pyridoxine (8 ppm) supplements, when used together, are recommended in terms of a better performance and egg quality in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kucuk
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Erciyes University School of Veterinary Medicine, Kayseri 38090, Turkey.
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[Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) influence on endogenic melatonin production during the experiment]. Georgian Med News 2007;:35-8. [PMID: 18250494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of vitamin B6 in the process of melatonin biosynthesis. 30 laboratory white rats were divided into two groups - experimental and control groups. The animals in the first group were treated with vitamin B6 injection. Every other day at 22 00, melatonin concentration was defined by means of ELISA. The experiment has lasted for two months. At the end of the experiment, the plasma level of melatonin increased by 35,95% in the first group of animals in comparison with the second control group. It is found that, B6 vitamin injections strengthens melatonin biosynthesis; consequently strengthening of melatonin biosynthesis influences positive therapeutic effects,; one of the reasons for pathological processes, developed in organism on the background of B6 vitamin deficiency, is reduction of endogen melatonin production.
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Abstract
Here we have identified a sensorimotor transformation that is used by a mammalian nervous system to produce a multijoint motor behavior. Using a simple biomechanical model, a delayed-feedback rule based on an optimal tradeoff between postural error and neural effort explained patterns of muscle activation in response to a sudden loss of balance in cats. Following the loss of large sensory afferents, changes in these muscle-activation patterns reflected an optimal reweighting of sensory feedback gains to minimize postural instability. Specifically, a loss of center-of-mass-acceleration information, which allowed for a rapid initial rise in the muscle activity in intact animals, was absent after large-fiber sensory neuropathy. Our results demonstrate that a simple and flexible neural feedback control strategy coordinates multiple muscles over time via a small set of extrinsic, task-level variables during complex multijoint natural movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Lockhart
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0535, USA
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Greabu M, Battino M, Totan A, Mohora M, Mitrea N, Totan C, Spinu T, Didilescu A. Effect of gas phase and particulate phase of cigarette smoke on salivary antioxidants. What can be the role of vitamin C and pyridoxine? Pharmacol Rep 2007; 59:613-618. [PMID: 18048964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Revised: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effect of smoking is in our days a serious global public health problem of major concern. Incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in cigarette smokers is four to seven times higher than in nonsmokers. There is a constant and direct attack of various cigarette smoke constituents on the oral epithelial cells, which gradually accumulate and cause malignant transformation. Saliva is the first biological fluid that encounters inhaled cigarette smoke (CS). We have studied the influence of CS on salivary antioxidant capacity, uric acid, amylase and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase). In our study both, gas and particulate phase of CS were tested separately, and possible antioxidant effect of pyridoxine on salivary components was examined. Our results indicate that exposure to both, gas and particulate phase of CS caused a statistically significant decrease in salivary uric acid, LDH and amylase activity. We have also studied the effect of vitamin C (10 mg/dl) and vitamin B6 (1 mM) during incubation of saliva in the presence of CS. The addition of vitamin C had a significant (p < 0.05) protective effect on salivary uric acid level (0.25 +/- 0.12 for saliva incubated with gas phase of CS vs. 0.65 +/- 0.12 for saliva incubated with gas phase of CS in the presence of vitamin C). Vitamin C was not able to maintain/restore the original uric acid level. In the presence of the gas phase, pyridoxine had no protective effect, neither on salivary uric acid level nor on the FRAP activity of saliva. The purpose of our study was to discover a connection between the level of antioxidants in saliva in the presence of the two components of CS. Our results show that salivary antioxidant system is significantly and distinctly affected by both gas and particulate phase of CS and suggest that an adequate intake of antioxidants may help smokers to avoid CS-induced oxidative damage and to prevent degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Greabu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Boulevard Eroilor Sanitari sect. 5, Bucharest, Romania
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Ki SH, Choi JH, Kim CW, Kim SG. Combined metadoxine and garlic oil treatment efficaciously abrogates alcoholic steatosis and CYP2E1 induction in rat liver with restoration of AMPK activity. Chem Biol Interact 2007; 169:80-90. [PMID: 17606256 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Revised: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic steatosis is the earliest and most common response to heavy alcohol intake, and may precede more severe forms of liver injury. Accumulation of fat, largely triglyceride, in hepatocytes results from the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation and excessive oxidative stress involving CYP2E1. This study evaluated the therapeutic effects of metadoxine, garlic oil or their combination on alcoholic steatosis. Feeding rats an alcohol-containing diet for 4 weeks elicited an increase in hepatic triglyceride content and induced CYP2E1. The concurrent administration of metadoxine and garlic oil (MG) to rats during the last week of the diet feeding efficaciously abrogated both fat accumulation and CYP2E1 induction as compared to the individual treatment at higher doses. Histopathology confirmed the ability of MG combination to inhibit lipid accumulation. Blood biochemistry verified improvement of liver function in rats treated with MG. Alcohol administration resulted in a decrease in AMP-activated protein kinase-alpha (AMPKalpha) phosphorylation, which was restored by MG treatments. Recovery of AMPK activity by MG was supported by an increase in acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation. Hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression was markedly decreased after alcohol consumption, which correlated with a decrease in AMPK activity and a commensurate increase in lipid content. Combined MG treatments caused restoration of the FAS level. These results demonstrate that the combination of MG effectively treats alcoholic steatosis with CYP2E1 inhibition, which may be associated with the recovery of AMPK activity, promising that the combination therapy may constitute an advance in the development of clinical candidates for alcoholic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Teune LK, vd Hoeven JH, Maurits NM, Bos AF, Alffenaar JWC, Reijngoud DJ, Brouwer OF, Sival DA. Pyridoxine induces non-specific EEG alterations in infants with therapy resistant seizures. Seizure 2007; 16:459-64. [PMID: 17408982 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2007.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2006] [Revised: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In infants with frequent therapy resistant seizures (TRS-infants), clinical detection of pyridoxine-dependency (PD) or -responsiveness (PR) occurs by empirical intravenous (IV) pyridoxine administration during recording of the EEG. However, in undiagnosed TRS-infants it is still unclear to what extent EEG alterations by pyridoxine-IV are attributable to PD/PR or to non-specific responses. Before EEG alterations by pyridoxine-IV can be ascribed to PD/PR, these non-specific responses should be excluded first. METHODS In 10 TRS-infants under 1 year of age, we determined the EEG effect by pyridoxine-IV on the EEG-recording. RESULTS After pyridoxine-IV administration, our data indicate declined (10-15%; p<0.05) EEG-amplitudes and total power (magnitude/frequency-band) at frontal, central and centro-temporal electrodes. CONCLUSION In TRS-infants, pyridoxine-IV affects EEG-amplitude and -total power in a non-specific way, which does not identify PD/PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Teune
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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Endo N, Nishiyama K, Okabe M, Matsumoto M, Kanouchi H, Oka T. Vitamin B6 suppresses apoptosis of NM-1 bovine endothelial cells induced by homocysteine and copper. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2006; 1770:571-7. [PMID: 17208380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Revised: 11/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis. We previously reported that formation of early atherosclerosis in the rat aorta was associated with hyperhomocysteinemia and reduction of antioxidant activity caused by low concentration of vitamin B(6)in vivo. In the present study, we examined effects of vitamin B(6) on apoptosis of bovine endothelial cells (NM-1 cells) treated with homocysteine and copper. Homocysteine and copper induced extracellular hydrogen peroxide, intracellular ROS and cellular lipid peroxide levels. Cell viability was reduced to 30% compared to that of control cells. On the other hand, pyridoxal treatment as well as EDTA treatment increased viability of NM-1 cells treated with homocysteine and copper to about 60%, and significantly decreased extracellular hydrogen peroxide, intracellular ROS and cellular lipid peroxide levels. The treatment of catalase recovered cell viability and reduced the level of extracellular hydrogen peroxide and intracellular ROS. Cell death by homocysteine and copper was confirmed to be due to apoptosis by evaluation of DNA fragmentation and by TUNEL assay. However, apoptosis of NM-1 cells induced by homocysteine and copper was due to a caspase-independent pathway as it was not inhibited by the caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-fmk. Apoptosis of NM-1 cells induced by homocysteine and copper accompanied with mitochondrial permeability but not cytochrome c release. These results suggest that pyridoxal treatment suppresses apoptosis of NM-1 cells induced by homocysteine and copper, most likely through antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Endo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Pierre G, Gissen P, Chakrapani A, McDonald A, Preece M, Wright J. Successful treatment of pyridoxine-unresponsive homocystinuria with betaine in pregnancy. J Inherit Metab Dis 2006; 29:688-9. [PMID: 16972179 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-006-0352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Revised: 06/03/2006] [Accepted: 06/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Tavartkiladze AG, Simoniia GV, Kolbaia DT, Shalashvili AG, Petriashvili TG. [Biochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of influencing methioninc, tryptophan, pyridoxine (vitamin B6), Ca2+ and high-calorie food on the synthesis and intensity of the secretion of melatonin]. Georgian Med News 2006:121-3. [PMID: 16636399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the investigation was the determination of the influence of Ca(2+), vitamin B6 methionine, tryptophan, the combination of the listed elements and high-calorie food on the intensity of synthesis and secretion of melatonin. The level of melatonin in the blood serum was being determined through the method of radio-immune (immune-enzyme) analysis. Based on the results received it was found out that the influence of the vitamin B6, tryptophan and their combination in the organism of the tested objects - white rats) resulted in the considerable increase of formation of melatonin. In the conditions of feeding them with high-calorie food - the value of melatonin in blood is sharply reducing. Consequently we may conclude that the vitamin B6 and tryptophan separately and in combination, either directly or through some other mechanism participate actively in biosynthesis and secretion of melatonin. The high-calorie food through unknown mechanism to us reduces the formation of the melatonin in epiphysis. This might point to the important role of the deficit of melatonin in etiopathogenesis of the diseases, detected and developed on the background of hypercholesterinemy.
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Wilcken DEL, Wang J, Sim AS, Green K, Wilcken B. Asymmetric dimethylarginine in homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency: relevance of renal function. J Inherit Metab Dis 2006; 29:30-7. [PMID: 16601865 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-006-0208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2005] [Accepted: 12/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular disease is associated with increased plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and homocysteine, and both are increased in renal failure. In cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency (CBS) there is severe hyperhomocysteinaemia, precocious vascular disease, and endothelial dysfunction. We investigated whether ADMA levels are elevated in CBS patients with and without renal impairment, and whether lowering plasma homocysteine also lowers ADMA. METHODS We measured plasma homocysteine, arginine, asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginines, nitrate + nitrite, creatinine and cystatin C in 23 CBS-deficient patients and 24 age-matched controls. RESULTS In the patients, nitrate + nitrite and the ratio L: -arginine/ADMA were markedly reduced (21.6 +/- 6.1 vs 57.7 +/- 7.5 micromol/L and 132.9 +/- 24.7 vs 181.9 +/- 56.1, respectively, p < 0.001 for both), reflecting endothelial dysfunction. Plasma ADMA for the group was moderately increased (0.55 +/- 0.08 vs 0.49 +/- 0.07 micromol/L, p = 0.018), but this was due to significantly higher levels than controls in only those 7 of the 23 patients who had elevated cystatin C levels (0.59 +/- 0.08 vs 0.49 +/- 0.07 mg/L, p = 0.007). Posttreatment total homocysteine in patients varied widely (15-285, median 92 micromol/L), but was not correlated with ADMA or other measured variables. In three newly-diagnosed patients, marked reduction of total homocysteine during treatment produced minimal changes in ADMA. CONCLUSIONS ADMA levels were significantly increased only in the CBS-deficient patients with elevated cystatin C levels, and not in those with normal renal function. The reported relationship between hyperhomocysteinaemia and ADMA may not be direct, but could be secondary to reduced renal function.
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Chan CK, Chan YC. Antidotes for tetramine poisoning. Hong Kong Med J 2006; 12:87. [PMID: 16495600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
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