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Brahim Mahamat O, Younes S, Otchom BB, Franzel S, Ouchar Mahamat Hidjazi AD, Soumaya EI. A Review on Medicinal and Ethnomedicinal Uses, Biological Features, and Phytochemical Constituents of Sesbania sesban L. Merr., A Nitrogen-Fixing Plant Native to the Republic of Chad. ScientificWorldJournal 2024; 2024:1225999. [PMID: 38268744 PMCID: PMC10807938 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1225999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study reports on a literature review of the leguminous tree Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr which is found in the N'djamena region, the Republic of Chad. The study focused on S. sesban's medicinal and ethnomedicinal uses, biological features, and phytochemical constituents to assist in future evaluations. A literature review was conducted using academic websites, such as Science Direct and Springer, online international plant databases, and data from national herbaria. S. sesban is a perennial shrub or tree that measures 3-4 m in height. This species is becoming rare in N'djamena but can be found in the rainy season, while in winter, it occurs mainly in ponds (called the Chadian dialect "Bouta") and on the shores of the Chari and Logone rivers. The local inhabitants in Chad use the species as medicine, livestock feed, and fuelwood and for improving soil fertility and repelling desert encroachment. Traditional healers use its leaves to treat breast cancer and edema. S. sesban is an essential species native to the Republic of Chad that needs conservation and valorization. Viewing its importance and rarity in N'djamena , a strategy for replanting the species in gardens, homes, and fields around N'djamena and other regions of Chad is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousman Brahim Mahamat
- Laboratory of Biology, Ecology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, Morocco
- National Federation Associations of Healers and Practitioners of Medicine, The Ministry of Public Health of Chad, N'Djamena, Chad
| | - Saoud Younes
- Laboratory of Biology, Ecology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Brahim Boy Otchom
- Faculty of Human Health Sciences (FSSH), University of N'Djamena, N'Djamena, Chad
- Toumaï University of N'Djamena, N'Djamena, Chad
| | | | - Al-Djazouli Ouchar Mahamat Hidjazi
- Faculty of Exact Applied Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, N'Djamena University, N'Djamena, Chad
- Laboratory of Geology and Oceanology, Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - El ismaili Soumaya
- Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, Civil Engineering Department, National School of Applied Sciences ENSA-Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, Morocco
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Mishra V, Sharma U, Rawat D, Benson D, Singh M, Sharma RS. Fast-changing life-styles and ecotoxicity of hair dyes drive the emergence of hidden toxicants threatening environmental sustainability in Asia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 184:109253. [PMID: 32145548 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The practice of hair dyeing is a rapidly expanding industry on a global scale; however, it has become a major concern for Asian countries because they have been undergoing rapid transformations of their environment and lifestyles. While the socio-economic benefits and impacts of this globalization trend are widely understood, the environmental effects are largely unknown. In particular, commonly available oxidative dyes potentially pose specific environmental risks due to their use of a toxic aromatic amine p-Phenylenediamine (PPD). In investigating the environmental impacts of PPD chemicals, we first provide context to the study by setting out the socio-psychological drivers to industrial expansion in Asian countries along with an overview of research into its effects, to show that its environmental impacts are under-researched. We then investigate the environmental toxicity of PPD by focusing on the role of microbes in metabolizing waste products. Results show that Acinetobacter baumannii EB1 isolated from dye effluent prevents autoxidation of PPD under oxygen-enriched (shaking) or oxygen-deficient (static) conditions representing different environmental settings. Microbes transformed PPD into more toxic metabolites, which then significantly reduced plant growth, thereby having a direct bearing on ecosystem services. Based on the findings, we argue that stricter regulatory controls on hair dye wastewater are necessary, particularly in newly industrialising Asian countries where the expansion of commercial practice is most prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Mishra
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Udita Sharma
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Deepak Rawat
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - David Benson
- Environment and Sustainability Institute and Department of Politics, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Mrinalini Singh
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Radhey Shyam Sharma
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Sharma RS, Karmakar S, Kumar P, Mishra V. Application of filamentous phages in environment: A tectonic shift in the science and practice of ecorestoration. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:2263-2304. [PMID: 30847110 PMCID: PMC6392359 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Theories in soil biology, such as plant-microbe interactions and microbial cooperation and antagonism, have guided the practice of ecological restoration (ecorestoration). Below-ground biodiversity (bacteria, fungi, invertebrates, etc.) influences the development of above-ground biodiversity (vegetation structure). The role of rhizosphere bacteria in plant growth has been largely investigated but the role of phages (bacterial viruses) has received a little attention. Below the ground, phages govern the ecology and evolution of microbial communities by affecting genetic diversity, host fitness, population dynamics, community composition, and nutrient cycling. However, few restoration efforts take into account the interactions between bacteria and phages. Unlike other phages, filamentous phages are highly specific, nonlethal, and influence host fitness in several ways, which make them useful as target bacterial inocula. Also, the ease with which filamentous phages can be genetically manipulated to express a desired peptide to track and control pathogens and contaminants makes them useful in biosensing. Based on ecology and biology of filamentous phages, we developed a hypothesis on the application of phages in environment to derive benefits at different levels of biological organization ranging from individual bacteria to ecosystem for ecorestoration. We examined the potential applications of filamentous phages in improving bacterial inocula to restore vegetation and to monitor changes in habitat during ecorestoration and, based on our results, recommend a reorientation of the existing framework of using microbial inocula for such restoration and monitoring. Because bacterial inocula and biomonitoring tools based on filamentous phages are likely to prove useful in developing cost-effective methods of restoring vegetation, we propose that filamentous phages be incorporated into nature-based restoration efforts and that the tripartite relationship between phages, bacteria, and plants be explored further. Possible impacts of filamentous phages on native microflora are discussed and future areas of research are suggested to preclude any potential risks associated with such an approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhey Shyam Sharma
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental StudiesUniversity of DelhiDelhiIndia
| | - Swagata Karmakar
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental StudiesUniversity of DelhiDelhiIndia
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental StudiesUniversity of DelhiDelhiIndia
| | - Vandana Mishra
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental StudiesUniversity of DelhiDelhiIndia
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Rathi M, Nandabalan YK. Copper-tolerant rhizosphere bacteria-characterization and assessment of plant growth promoting factors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:9723-9733. [PMID: 28251535 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil is a major problem or concern worldwide. Heavy metal accumulation in the soil is increasing day by day by industries, mines, agriculture, fuel combustion and municipal waste discharge. Such contaminated soils harbour a large number of resistant microbial populations. Screening and isolation of such microbes would be utilized for natural remediation of metal contaminated soils. Therefore, in the present study, highly copper-tolerant bacteria from rhizosphere soil of Cynodon dactylon grown in brass effluent contaminated soil were isolated and assessed for plant growth promoting factors. A total of 61 isolates were isolated from the rhizosphere of three contaminated sites. Six highly copper-tolerant isolates named as MYS1, MYS2, MYS3, MYS4, MYS5 and MYS6 were isolated through enrichment in copper containing nutrient broth. 16S rRNA analysis revealed that the isolates were from genera Stenotrophomonas and Brevundimonas and belong to classes Alpha Proteobacteriacea and Gamma Proteobacteriacea, respectively. Strain MYS1, MYS2 and MYS4 showed 95-99% similarity with Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila, strain MYS3 and MYS5 showed 99 and 97% similarity with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Stenotrophomonas sp. Strain MYS6 showed 94% similarity with Brevundimonas diminuta. All the rhizobacteria showed plant growth promoting traits such as production of siderophores, indole acetic acid (IAA), phosphate solubilization and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity. From this study, we can conclude that all the isolates possess copper resistance and potential for phytoremediation of copper polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manohari Rathi
- Centre for Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Yogalakshmi Kadapakkam Nandabalan
- Centre for Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India.
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Rawat D, Mishra V, Sharma RS. Detoxification of azo dyes in the context of environmental processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 155:591-605. [PMID: 27155475 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Azo dyes account for >70% of the global industrial demand (∼9 million tons). Owing to their genotoxic/carcinogenic potential, the annual disposal of ∼4,500,000 tons of dyes and/or degraded products is an environmental and socio-economic concern. In comparison to physico-chemical methods, microbe-mediated dye degradation is considered to be low-input, cost-effective and environmentally-safe. However, under different environmental conditions, interactions of chemically diverse dyes with metabolically diverse microbes produce metabolites of varying toxicity. In addition, majority of studies on microbial dye-degradation focus on decolorization with least attention towards detoxification. Therefore, the environmental significance of microbial dye detoxification research of past >3 decades is critically evaluated with reference to dye structure and the possible influence of microbial interactions in different environments. In the absence of ecosystem-based studies, the results of laboratory-based studies on dye degradation, metabolite production and their genotoxic impact on model organisms are used to predict the possible fate and consequences of azo dyes/metabolites in the environment. In such studies, the predominance of fewer numbers of toxicological assays that too at lower levels of biological organization (molecular/cellular/organismic) suggests its limited ecological significance. Based on critical evaluation of these studies the recommendations on inclusion of multilevel approach (assessment at multiple levels of biological organization), multispecies microcosm approach and native species approach in conjunction with identification of dye metabolites have been made for future studies. Such studies will bridge the gap between the fundamental knowledge on dye-microbe-environment interactions and its application to combat dye-induced environmental toxicity. Thus an environmental perspective on dye toxicity in the background of dye structure and effects of environmental processes has been developed. Based on past 3 decades of research on microbial dye detoxification, the current state of knowledge has been analyzed, environmental relevance of these studies was ascertained, research gaps in microbe-mediated azo dye detoxification have been identified and a research framework emphasizing a better understanding of complex interactions between dye-microbe and environmental processes has been proposed. It provides directions for undertaking environmentally sound microbial dye detoxification research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Rawat
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Vandana Mishra
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India.
| | - Radhey Shyam Sharma
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
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Sharma M, Mishra V, Rau N, Sharma RS. Increased iron-stress resilience of maize through inoculation of siderophore-producingArthrobacter globiformisfrom mine. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 56:719-35. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Sharma
- Department of Environmental Studies, Bioresources Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory; Center for Environmental Management of Degraded Ecosystems; University of Delhi; Delhi-110007 India
| | - Vandana Mishra
- Department of Environmental Studies, Bioresources Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory; Center for Environmental Management of Degraded Ecosystems; University of Delhi; Delhi-110007 India
| | - Nupur Rau
- Department of Environmental Studies, Bioresources Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory; Center for Environmental Management of Degraded Ecosystems; University of Delhi; Delhi-110007 India
| | - Radhey Shyam Sharma
- Department of Environmental Studies, Bioresources Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory; Center for Environmental Management of Degraded Ecosystems; University of Delhi; Delhi-110007 India
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Yan J, Han XZ, Ji ZJ, Li Y, Wang ET, Xie ZH, Chen WF. Abundance and diversity of soybean-nodulating rhizobia in black soil are impacted by land use and crop management. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:5394-402. [PMID: 24951780 PMCID: PMC4136101 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01135-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of land use and crop management on soybean rhizobial communities, 280 nodule isolates were trapped from 7 fields with different land use and culture histories. Besides the known Bradyrhizobium japonicum, three novel genospecies were isolated from these fields. Grassland (GL) maintained a higher diversity of soybean bradyrhizobia than the other cultivation systems. Two genospecies (Bradyrhizobium spp. I and III) were distributed widely in all treatments, while Bradyrhizobium sp. II was found only in GL treatment. Cultivation with soybeans increased the rhizobial abundance and diversity, except for the soybean monoculture (S-S) treatment. In monoculture systems, soybeans favored Bradyrhizobium sp. I, while maize and wheat favored Bradyrhizobium sp. III. Fertilization decreased the rhizobial diversity indexes but did not change the species composition. The organic carbon (OC) and available phosphorus (AP) contents and pH were the main soil parameters positively correlated with the distribution of Bradyrhizobium spp. I and II and Bradyrhizobium japonicum and negatively correlated with Bradyrhizobium sp. III. These results revealed that different land uses and crop management could not only alter the diversity and abundance of soybean rhizobia, but also change interactions between rhizobia and legume or nonlegume plants, which offered novel information about the biogeography of rhizobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao Zeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhao Jun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - En Tao Wang
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City D.F., México
| | - Zhi Hong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Wen Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Sacko O, Yattara II, Lahbib M, Neyra M. Effects of a rock phosphate on indigenous rhizobia associated with Sesbania sesban. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 95 Suppl:S265-S268. [PMID: 21168950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Tilemsi rock phosphate (TRP) of Mali is one of the most promising rock phosphate in West Africa for soil fertilization, but it is little used because of its insoluble form. The main objective of this study is to investigate TRP effects on rhizobia associated with the multipurpose leguminous tree Sesbania sesban grown on a sandy soil, poor in phosphorus and not sterilised. The experiment included treatments with and without TRP and was conducted during 105 days. At the end, 114 nodules have been collected and analysed by PCR/RFLP of 16S-23S intergenic spacer. Sixteen different RFLP profiles corresponding to different genomic groups of rhizobia have been detected. Five were dominant and present in both treatments. Five groups appear only in treatments without TRP whereas the six others are only in nodules of plants with TRP, suggesting a different capacity of natural phosphates solubilization by these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousmane Sacko
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Sols, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Bamako, BP. E 3206, Mali, France.
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Sharma RS, Mishra V, Mohmmed A, Babu CR. Variations in Outer-membrane Characteristics of Two Stem-nodulating Bacteria of Sesbania rostrata and its Role in Tolerance Towards Diverse Stress. Curr Microbiol 2011; 63:81-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-011-9946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Diouf D, Fall D, Chaintreuil C, Ba A, Dreyfus B, Neyra M, Ndoye I, Moulin L. Phylogenetic analyses of symbiotic genes and characterization of functional traits of
Mesorhizobium
spp. strains associated with the promiscuous species
Acacia seyal
Del. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 108:818-830. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04500.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Diouf
- Département de Biologie Végétale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, BP, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie IRD/ISRA/UCAD, BP, Dakar, Senegal
| | - D. Fall
- Département de Biologie Végétale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, BP, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie IRD/ISRA/UCAD, BP, Dakar, Senegal
| | - C. Chaintreuil
- IRD, UMR 113 Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes F‐34398, Montpellier, France
| | - A.T. Ba
- Département de Biologie Végétale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, BP, Dakar, Senegal
- Université de Ziguinchor, Ziguinchor, Senegal
| | - B. Dreyfus
- IRD, UMR 113 Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes F‐34398, Montpellier, France
| | - M. Neyra
- IRD, UMR 113 Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes F‐34398, Montpellier, France
| | - I. Ndoye
- Département de Biologie Végétale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, BP, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie IRD/ISRA/UCAD, BP, Dakar, Senegal
| | - L. Moulin
- IRD, UMR 113 Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes F‐34398, Montpellier, France
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Biswas S, Saroha A, Das HR. A lectin from Sesbania aculeata (Dhaincha) roots and its possible function. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2009; 74:329-35. [PMID: 19364328 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297909030122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A lectin was isolated from the roots of Sesbania aculeata. This is a glucose specific lectin having 39 kDa subunit molecular weight. The expression of this lectin was found to be developmentally regulated and observed to be the highest in the second week. The lectin was purified by affinity chromatography using Sephadex G-50 and found to have 28% homology with Arabidopsis thaliana lectin-like protein (accession No. CAA62665). The lectin binds with lipopolysaccharide isolated from different rhizobial strains indicating the plants interaction with multiple rhizobial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Biswas
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
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Cummings SP, Gyaneshwar P, Vinuesa P, Farruggia FT, Andrews M, Humphry D, Elliott GN, Nelson A, Orr C, Pettitt D, Shah GR, Santos SR, Krishnan HB, Odee D, Moreira FMS, Sprent JI, Young JPW, James EK. Nodulation of Sesbania species by Rhizobium (Agrobacterium) strain IRBG74 and other rhizobia. Environ Microbiol 2009; 11:2510-25. [PMID: 19555380 PMCID: PMC7163632 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Concatenated sequence analysis with 16S rRNA, rpoB and fusA genes identified a bacterial strain (IRBG74) isolated from root nodules of the aquatic legume Sesbania cannabina as a close relative of the plant pathogen Rhizobium radiobacter (syn. Agrobacterium tumefaciens). However, DNA:DNA hybridization with R. radiobacter, R. rubi, R. vitis and R. huautlense gave only 44%, 5%, 8% and 8% similarity respectively, suggesting that IRBG74 is potentially a new species. Additionally, it contained no vir genes and lacked tumour‐forming ability, but harboured a sym‐plasmid containing nifH and nodA genes similar to those in other Sesbania symbionts. Indeed, IRBG74 effectively nodulated S. cannabina and seven other Sesbania spp. that nodulate with Ensifer (Sinorhizobium)/Rhizobium strains with similar nodA genes to IRBG74, but not species that nodulate with Azorhizobium or Mesorhizobium. Light and electron microscopy revealed that IRBG74 infected Sesbania spp. via lateral root junctions under flooded conditions, but via root hairs under non‐flooded conditions. Thus, IRBG74 is the first confirmed legume‐nodulating symbiont from the Rhizobium (Agrobacterium) clade. Cross‐inoculation studies with various Sesbania symbionts showed that S. cannabina could form fully effective symbioses with strains in the genera Rhizobium and Ensifer, only ineffective ones with Azorhizobium strains, and either partially effective (Mesorhizobium huakii) or ineffective (Mesorhizobium plurifarium) symbioses with Mesorhizobium. These data are discussed in terms of the molecular phylogeny of Sesbania and its symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Cummings
- School of Applied Sciences, Ellison Building, University of Northumbria, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Jian S, Shen W, Yang Z. Enhanced adaptability of Sesbania rostrata to Pb/Zn tailings via stem nodulation. J Environ Sci (China) 2009; 21:1135-1141. [PMID: 19862929 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(08)62393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sesbania rostrata is wellknown for its stem nodulation, but the roles of stem nodulation in root nodulation and adaptation of S. rostrata to Pb/Zn-enriched tailings environment has been poorly understood. We investigated the effects of inoculating (with stem nodule treatment) and non-inoculating (without stem nodule treatment) Azorhizobium caulinodans on the growth, root nodulation, and N fixation of S. rostrata grown on three different types of soil substrata: Pb/Zn tailings, garden soil amended tailings, and garden soil. The results showed that plant height, stem basal diameter, biomass, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content and N-accumulation per plant were 2.3%-4.9%, 2.2%-7.7%, 27.8%-72.2%, 17.1%-23.5%, 12.3%-34.2%, and 43.1%-131.2%, respectively, higher in treatments with stem nodule than those without stem nodule for the same soil substrate. With respect to soil substrata, all measurements had consistently higher values in tailings than in amended tailings and garden soil, indicating that the poorer the soil condition, the greater the contribution of stem nodule. In contrast, the number and fresh weight of root nodules on plants without stem nodule were 6.9-11.6 times and 5.8-29.0 times higher than those with stem nodule, respectively, especially with respect to the plants grew on Pb/Zn tailings. In general, stem nodulation favored plant growth and nitrogen fixation of S. rostrata, but suppressed root nodulation. With the ability of stem and root nodulation, S. rostrata can be used as a pioneer plant species for remediation of Pb/Zn tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Jian
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Sharma RS, Mishra V, Mohmmed A, Babu CR. Phage specificity and lipopolysaccarides of stem- and root-nodulating bacteria (Azorhizobium caulinodans, Sinorhizobium spp., and Rhizobium spp.) of Sesbania spp. Arch Microbiol 2007; 189:411-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-007-0322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Revised: 10/02/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Russo DM, Williams A, Edwards A, Posadas DM, Finnie C, Dankert M, Downie JA, Zorreguieta A. Proteins exported via the PrsD-PrsE type I secretion system and the acidic exopolysaccharide are involved in biofilm formation by Rhizobium leguminosarum. J Bacteriol 2006; 188:4474-86. [PMID: 16740954 PMCID: PMC1482952 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00246-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The type I protein secretion system of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae encoded by the prsD and prsE genes is responsible for secretion of the exopolysaccharide (EPS)-glycanases PlyA and PlyB. The formation of a ring of biofilm on the surface of the glass in shaken cultures by both the prsD and prsE secretion mutants was greatly affected. Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis of green-fluorescent-protein-labeled bacteria showed that during growth in minimal medium, R. leguminosarum wild type developed microcolonies, which progress to a characteristic three-dimensional biofilm structure. However, the prsD and prsE secretion mutants were able to form only an immature biofilm structure. A mutant disrupted in the EPS-glycanase plyB gene showed altered timing of biofilm formation, and its structure was atypical. A mutation in an essential gene for EPS synthesis (pssA) or deletion of several other pss genes involved in EPS synthesis completely abolished the ability of R. leguminosarum to develop a biofilm. Extracellular complementation studies of mixed bacterial cultures confirmed the role of the EPS and the modulation of the biofilm structure by the PrsD-PrsE secreted proteins. Protein analysis identified several additional proteins secreted by the PrsD-PrsE secretion system, and N-terminal sequencing revealed peptides homologous to the N termini of proteins from the Rap family (Rhizobium adhering proteins), which could have roles in cellular adhesion in R. leguminosarum. We propose a model for R. leguminosarum in which synthesis of the EPS leads the formation of a biofilm and several PrsD-PrsE secreted proteins are involved in different aspects of biofilm maturation, such as modulation of the EPS length or mediating attachment between bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Russo
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, CONICET, and Inst. de Investigaciones Bioquímicas, FCEyN, University of Buenos Aires, Patricias Argentinas 435, (C1405BWE) Buenos Aires, Argentina
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