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Ebenezer Olubunmi I, Falodun BO. Incidence of Manifold Slip on Transport and Reaction Dynamics in Magneto-Bioconvective and Magnetic Nanoparticles Fe 3O 4 (Magnetite) Power-Law Flow Between Two Parallel Plates. JOURNAL OF NANOFLUIDS 2023. [DOI: 10.1166/jon.2023.1907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The focus of this paper is based on the incidence of manifold slip on the transport and dynamics of magnetobioconvective and magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 (magnetite) power-law flow between two parallel plates. An interaction takes place between nanoparticles and
the organism by inhalation routes, oral, dermal, and distributed to different tissue through the circulatory system The equations of motion are a set of partial differential equations (PDEs). The governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODE) by utilizing similarity
transformations. The transformed equations are solved by using the Runge-Kutta Gill method alongside the shooting techniques MATLAB software implementation. The velocity of fluid decreases when the magnetic parameter increases. The outcomes of this model find usefulness in controlling the
turbulent flow of fluid due to the presence of a magnetic field and also helpful in reducing the dosage of anticancer drugs in the medical field because of the presence of the magnetic nanoparticles. The correctness of the present result is ascertained by comparing it with reported data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ige Ebenezer Olubunmi
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, 360231, Nigeria
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Uzun M, Koziaeva V, Dziuba M, Alekseeva L, Krutkina M, Sukhacheva M, Baslerov R, Grouzdev D. Recovery and genome reconstruction of novel magnetotactic Elusimicrobiota from bog soil. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:204-214. [PMID: 36302955 PMCID: PMC9859788 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Studying the minor part of the uncultivated microbial majority ("rare biosphere") is difficult even with modern culture-independent techniques. The enormity of microbial diversity creates particular challenges for investigating low-abundance microbial populations in soils. Strategies for selective sample enrichment to reduce community complexity can aid in studying the rare biosphere. Magnetotactic bacteria, apart from being a minor part of the microbial community, are also found in poorly studied bacterial phyla and certainly belong to a rare biosphere. The presence of intracellular magnetic crystals within magnetotactic bacteria allows for their significant enrichment using magnetic separation techniques for studies using a metagenomic approach. This work investigated the microbial diversity of a black bog soil and its magnetically enriched fraction. The poorly studied phylum representatives in the magnetic fraction were enriched compared to the original soil community. Two new magnetotactic species, Candidatus Liberimonas magnetica DUR002 and Candidatus Obscuribacterium magneticum DUR003, belonging to different classes of the relatively little-studied phylum Elusimicrobiota, were proposed. Their genomes contain clusters of magnetosome genes that differ from the previously described ones by the absence of genes encoding magnetochrome-containing proteins and the presence of unique Elusimicrobiota-specific genes, termed mae. The predicted obligately fermentative metabolism in DUR002 and lack of flagellar motility in the magnetotactic Elusimicrobiota broadens our understanding of the lifestyles of magnetotactic bacteria and raises new questions about the evolutionary advantages of magnetotaxis. The findings presented here increase our understanding of magnetotactic bacteria, soil microbial communities, and the rare biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Uzun
- Skryabin Institute of Bioengineering Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Veronika Koziaeva
- Skryabin Institute of Bioengineering Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Dziuba
- Skryabin Institute of Bioengineering Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Lolita Alekseeva
- Skryabin Institute of Bioengineering Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Marina Sukhacheva
- Skryabin Institute of Bioengineering Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman Baslerov
- Skryabin Institute of Bioengineering Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Grouzdev
- SciBear OU, Tallinn, Estonia.
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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Biosensors and Drug Delivery in Oncotheranostics Using Inorganic Synthetic and Biogenic Magnetic Nanoparticles. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12100789. [PMID: 36290927 PMCID: PMC9599632 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanocarriers have attracted attention in translational oncology due to their ability to be employed both for tumor diagnostics and therapy. This review summarizes data on applications of synthetic and biogenic magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in oncological theranostics and related areas. The basics of both types of MNPs including synthesis approaches, structure, and physicochemical properties are discussed. The properties of synthetic MNPs and biogenic MNPs are compared with regard to their antitumor therapeutic efficiency, diagnostic potential, biocompatibility, and cellular toxicity. The comparative analysis demonstrates that both synthetic and biogenic MNPs could be efficiently used for cancer theranostics, including biosensorics and drug delivery. At the same time, reduced toxicity of biogenic particles was noted, which makes them advantageous for in vivo applications, such as drug delivery, or MRI imaging of tumors. Adaptability to surface modification based on natural biochemical processes is also noted, as well as good compatibility with tumor cells and proliferation in them. Advances in the bionanotechnology field should lead to the implementation of MNPs in clinical trials.
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Kotakadi SM, Borelli DPR, Nannepaga JS. Therapeutic Applications of Magnetotactic Bacteria and Magnetosomes: A Review Emphasizing on the Cancer Treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:789016. [PMID: 35547173 PMCID: PMC9081342 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.789016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are aquatic microorganisms have the ability to biomineralize magnetosomes, which are membrane-enclosed magnetic nanoparticles. Magnetosomes are organized in a chain inside the MTB, allowing them to align with and traverse along the earth’s magnetic field. Magnetosomes have several potential applications for targeted cancer therapy when isolated from the MTB, including magnetic hyperthermia, localized medication delivery, and tumour monitoring. Magnetosomes features and properties for various applications outperform manufactured magnetic nanoparticles in several ways. Similarly, the entire MTB can be regarded as prospective agents for cancer treatment, thanks to their flagella’s ability to self-propel and the magnetosome chain’s ability to guide them. MTBs are conceptualized as nanobiots that can be guided and manipulated by external magnetic fields and are driven to hypoxic areas, such as tumor sites, while retaining the therapeutic and imaging characteristics of isolated magnetosomes. Furthermore, unlike most bacteria now being studied in clinical trials for cancer treatment, MTB are not pathogenic but might be modified to deliver and express certain cytotoxic chemicals. This review will assess the current and prospects of this burgeoning research field and the major obstacles that must be overcome before MTB can be successfully used in clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Manogna Kotakadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, India
| | | | - John Sushma Nannepaga
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, India
- *Correspondence: John Sushma Nannepaga, , orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-9936
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A Novel Magnetotactic Alphaproteobacterium Producing Intracellular Magnetite and Calcium-Bearing Minerals. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0155621. [PMID: 34756060 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01556-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are prokaryotes that form intracellular magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4) nanocrystals with tailored sizes, often in chain configurations. Such magnetic particles are each surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane, called a magnetosome, and provide a model system for studying the formation and function of specialized internal structures in prokaryotes. Using fluorescence-coupled scanning electron microscopy, we identified a novel magnetotactic spirillum, XQGS-1, from freshwater Xingqinggong Lake, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicate that strain XQGS-1 represents a novel genus of the Alphaproteobacteria class in the Proteobacteria phylum. Transmission electron microscopy analyses reveal that strain XQGS-1 forms on average 17 ± 3 magnetite magnetosome particles with an ideal truncated octahedral morphology, with an average length and width of 88.3 ± 11.7 nm and 83.3 ± 11.0 nm, respectively. They are tightly organized into a single chain along the cell long axis close to the concave side of the cell. Intrachain magnetic interactions likely result in these large equidimensional magnetite crystals behaving as magnetically stable single-domain particles that enable bacterial magnetotaxis. Combined structural and chemical analyses demonstrate that XQGS-1 cells also biomineralize intracellular amorphous calcium phosphate (2 to 3 granules per cell; 90.5- ± 19.3-nm average size) and weakly crystalline calcium carbonate (2 to 3 granules per cell; 100.4- ± 21.4-nm average size) in addition to magnetite. Our results expand the taxonomic diversity of MTB and provide evidence for intracellular calcium phosphate biomineralization in MTB. IMPORTANCE Biomineralization is a widespread process in eukaryotes that form shells, teeth, or bones. It also occurs commonly in prokaryotes, resulting in more than 60 known minerals formed by different bacteria under wide-ranging conditions. Among them, magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are remarkable because they might represent the earliest organisms that biomineralize intracellular magnetic iron minerals (i.e., magnetite [Fe3O4] or greigite [Fe3S4]). Here, we report a novel magnetotactic spirillum (XQGS-1) that is phylogenetically affiliated with the Alphaproteobacteria class. In addition to magnetite crystals, XQGS-1 cells form intracellular submicrometer calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate granules. This finding supports the view that MTB are also an important microbial group for intracellular calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate biomineralization.
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Pekarsky A, Spadiut O. Intrinsically Magnetic Cells: A Review on Their Natural Occurrence and Synthetic Generation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:573183. [PMID: 33195134 PMCID: PMC7604359 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.573183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnetization of non-magnetic cells has great potential to aid various processes in medicine, but also in bioprocess engineering. Current approaches to magnetize cells with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) require cellular uptake or adsorption through in vitro manipulation of cells. A relatively new field of research is "magnetogenetics" which focuses on in vivo production and accumulation of magnetic material. Natural intrinsically magnetic cells (IMCs) produce intracellular, MNPs, and are called magnetotactic bacteria (MTB). In recent years, researchers have unraveled function and structure of numerous proteins from MTB. Furthermore, protein engineering studies on such MTB proteins and other potentially magnetic proteins, like ferritins, highlight that in vivo magnetization of non-magnetic hosts is a thriving field of research. This review summarizes current knowledge on recombinant IMC generation and highlights future steps that can be taken to succeed in transforming non-magnetic cells to IMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
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Amor M, Mathon FP, Monteil CL, Busigny V, Lefevre CT. Iron-biomineralizing organelle in magnetotactic bacteria: function, synthesis and preservation in ancient rock samples. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:3611-3632. [PMID: 32452098 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are ubiquitous aquatic microorganisms that incorporate iron from their environment to synthesize intracellular nanoparticles of magnetite (Fe3 O4 ) or greigite (Fe3 S4 ) in a genetically controlled manner. Magnetite and greigite magnetic phases allow MTB to swim towards redox transition zones where they thrive. MTB may represent some of the oldest microorganisms capable of synthesizing minerals on Earth and have been proposed to significantly impact the iron biogeochemical cycle by immobilizing soluble iron into crystals that subsequently fossilize in sedimentary rocks. In the present article, we describe the distribution of MTB in the environment and discuss the possible function of the magnetite and greigite nanoparticles. We then provide an overview of the chemical mechanisms leading to iron mineralization in MTB. Finally, we update the methods used for the detection of MTB crystals in sedimentary rocks and present their occurrences in the geological record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Amor
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - François P Mathon
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France.,Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université de Paris, CNRS, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Caroline L Monteil
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Vincent Busigny
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université de Paris, CNRS, Paris, F-75005, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Christopher T Lefevre
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
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Qian X, Santini C, Kosta A, Menguy N, Le Guenno H, Zhang W, Li J, Chen Y, Liu J, Alberto F, Espinosa L, Xiao T, Wu L. Juxtaposed membranes underpin cellular adhesion and display unilateral cell division of multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:1481-1494. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin‐Xin Qian
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCB Marseille 13402 France
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA‐MagMC), CNRS‐CAS Marseille 13402 France
| | - Claire‐Lise Santini
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCB Marseille 13402 France
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA‐MagMC), CNRS‐CAS Marseille 13402 France
| | - Artemis Kosta
- Microscopy Core Facility, FR3479 IMM, CNRS, Aix Marseille University Marseille France
| | - Nicolas Menguy
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA‐MagMC), CNRS‐CAS Marseille 13402 France
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC 75005 Paris France
| | - Hugo Le Guenno
- Microscopy Core Facility, FR3479 IMM, CNRS, Aix Marseille University Marseille France
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA‐MagMC), CNRS‐CAS Marseille 13402 France
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Jinhua Li
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA‐MagMC), CNRS‐CAS Marseille 13402 France
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yi‐Ran Chen
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA‐MagMC), CNRS‐CAS Marseille 13402 France
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Jia Liu
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA‐MagMC), CNRS‐CAS Marseille 13402 France
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China
| | - François Alberto
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCB Marseille 13402 France
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA‐MagMC), CNRS‐CAS Marseille 13402 France
| | - Leon Espinosa
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCB Marseille 13402 France
| | - Tian Xiao
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA‐MagMC), CNRS‐CAS Marseille 13402 France
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Long‐Fei Wu
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCB Marseille 13402 France
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA‐MagMC), CNRS‐CAS Marseille 13402 France
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Zhang WJ, Wu LF. Flagella and Swimming Behavior of Marine Magnetotactic Bacteria. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030460. [PMID: 32188162 PMCID: PMC7175107 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine environments are generally characterized by low bulk concentrations of nutrients that are susceptible to steady or intermittent motion driven by currents and local turbulence. Marine bacteria have therefore developed strategies, such as very fast-swimming and the exploitation of multiple directional sensing–response systems in order to efficiently migrate towards favorable places in nutrient gradients. The magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) even utilize Earth’s magnetic field to facilitate downward swimming into the oxic–anoxic interface, which is the most favorable place for their persistence and proliferation, in chemically stratified sediments or water columns. To ensure the desired flagella-propelled motility, marine MTBs have evolved an exquisite flagellar apparatus, and an extremely high number (tens of thousands) of flagella can be found on a single entity, displaying a complex polar, axial, bounce, and photosensitive magnetotactic behavior. In this review, we describe gene clusters, the flagellar apparatus architecture, and the swimming behavior of marine unicellular and multicellular magnetotactic bacteria. The physiological significance and mechanisms that govern these motions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Zhang
- Laboratory of Deep-Sea Microbial Cell Biology, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China;
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, F-13402 CNRS-Marseille, France/CAS-Sanya 572000, China
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, F-13402 CNRS-Marseille, France/CAS-Sanya 572000, China
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCB, IMM, IM2B, CENTURI, F-13402 Marseille, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-9116-4157
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Desai MP, Pawar KD. Immobilization of cellulase on iron tolerant Pseudomonas stutzeri biosynthesized photocatalytically active magnetic nanoparticles for increased thermal stability. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 106:110169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Pan H, Dong Y, Teng Z, Li J, Zhang W, Xiao T, Wu LF. A species of magnetotactic deltaproteobacterium was detected at the highest abundance during an algal bloom. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5681391. [PMID: 31855240 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are a group of microorganisms that have the ability to synthesize intracellular magnetic crystals (magnetosomes). They prefer microaerobic or anaerobic aquatic sediments. Thus, there is growing interest in their ecological roles in various habitats. In this study we found co-occurrence of a large rod-shaped deltaproteobacterial magnetotactic bacterium (tentatively named LR-1) in the sediment of a brackish lagoon with algal bloom. Electron microscopy observations showed that they were ovoid to slightly curved rods having a mean length of 6.3 ± 1.1 μm and a mean width of 4.1 ± 0.4 μm. Each cell had a single polar flagellum. They contained hundreds of bullet-shaped intracellular magnetite magnetosomes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that they were most closely related to Desulfamplus magnetovallimortis strain BW-1, and belonged to the Deltaproteobacteria. Our findings indicate that LR-1 may be a new species of MTB. We propose that deltaproteobacterial MTB may play an important role in iron cycling and so may represent a reservoir of iron, and be an indicator species for monitoring algal blooms in such eutrophic ecosystems. These observations provide new clues to the cultivation of magnetotactic Deltaproteobacteria and the control of algal blooms, although further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmiao Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yi Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhaojie Teng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Beitucheng Western Road, Beijing, 100029, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Tian Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,LCB, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, Marseille, 13402, France
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Magnetosome Gene Duplication as an Important Driver in the Evolution of Magnetotaxis in the Alphaproteobacteria. mSystems 2019; 4:4/5/e00315-19. [PMID: 31662428 PMCID: PMC6819731 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00315-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of microbial magnetoreception (or magnetotaxis) is of great interest in the fields of microbiology, evolutionary biology, biophysics, geomicrobiology, and geochemistry. Current genomic data from magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), the only prokaryotes known to be capable of sensing the Earth's geomagnetic field, suggests an ancient origin of magnetotaxis in the domain Bacteria Vertical inheritance, followed by multiple independent magnetosome gene cluster loss, is considered to be one of the major forces that drove the evolution of magnetotaxis at or above the class or phylum level, although the evolutionary trajectories at lower taxonomic ranks (e.g., within the class level) remain largely unstudied. Here we report the isolation, cultivation, and sequencing of a novel magnetotactic spirillum belonging to the genus Terasakiella (Terasakiella sp. strain SH-1) within the class Alphaproteobacteria The complete genome sequence of Terasakiella sp. strain SH-1 revealed an unexpected duplication event of magnetosome genes within the mamAB operon, a group of genes essential for magnetosome biomineralization and magnetotaxis. Intriguingly, further comparative genomic analysis suggests that the duplication of mamAB genes is a common feature in the genomes of alphaproteobacterial MTB. Taken together, with the additional finding that gene duplication appears to have also occurred in some magnetotactic members of the Deltaproteobacteria, our results indicate that gene duplication plays an important role in the evolution of magnetotaxis in the Alphaproteobacteria and perhaps the domain Bacteria IMPORTANCE A diversity of organisms can sense the geomagnetic field for the purpose of navigation. Magnetotactic bacteria are the most primitive magnetism-sensing organisms known thus far and represent an excellent model system for the study of the origin, evolution, and mechanism of microbial magnetoreception (or magnetotaxis). The present study is the first report focused on magnetosome gene cluster duplication in the Alphaproteobacteria, which suggests the important role of gene duplication in the evolution of magnetotaxis in the Alphaproteobacteria and perhaps the domain Bacteria A novel scenario for the evolution of magnetotaxis in the Alphaproteobacteria is proposed and may provide new insights into evolution of magnetoreception of higher species.
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Le Nagard L, Yu L, Rajkotwala M, Barkley S, Bazylinski DA, Hitchcock AP, Fradin C. Misalignment between the magnetic dipole moment and the cell axis in the magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1. Phys Biol 2019; 16:066008. [PMID: 31181559 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ab2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
While most quantitative studies of the motion of magnetotactic bacteria rely on the premise that the cells' magnetic dipole moment is aligned with their direction of motility, this assumption has so far rarely been challenged. Here we use phase contrast microscopy to detect the rotational diffusion of non-motile cells of Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 around their magnetic moment, showing that in this species the magnetic dipole moment is, in fact, not exactly aligned with the cell body axis. From the cell rotational trajectories, we are able to infer the misalignment between cell magnetic moment and body axis with a precision of better than 1°, showing that it is, on average, 6°, and can be as high as 20°. We propose a method to correct for this misalignment, and perform a non-biased measurement of the magnetic moment of single cells based on the analysis of their orientation distribution. Using this correction, we show that magnetic moment strongly correlates with cell length. The existence of a range of misalignments between magnetic moment and cell axis in a population implies that the orientation and trajectories of magnetotactic bacteria placed in external magnetic fields is more complex than generally assumed, and might show some important cell-to-cell differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Le Nagard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
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14
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Qian XX, Liu J, Menguy N, Li J, Alberto F, Teng Z, Xiao T, Zhang W, Wu LF. Identification of novel species of marine magnetotactic bacteria affiliated with Nitrospirae phylum. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 11:330-337. [PMID: 30980502 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are a group of Gram-negative bacteria characterized by synthesizing magnetosomes and swimming along geomagnetic field lines. Phylogenetically, they belong to different taxonomic lineages including Proteobacteria, Nitrospirae, Omnitrophica, Latescibacteria and Planctomycetes phyla on the phylogenetic tree. To date, six Nitrospirae MTB phylotypes have been identified from freshwater or low-salinity environments and described in the literature. Here, we report the identification of two Nitrospirae MTB phylotypes collected, for the first time, from the marine environment. Both have a spherical morphology with a cell size of ~ 5 μM and similar motility but are different colours (black-brown and ivory-white) under the optic microscope. They synthesized bullet-shaped iron-oxide magnetosomes that were arranged in multiple bundles of chains. Moreover, the cytoplasm of the black-brown Nitrospirae MTB contained sulphur inclusions that conferred on cells a rough, granular appearance. Phylogenetic analysis based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that they are two novel species and cluster with the previously reported MTB affiliated with the phylum Nitrospirae, thus extending the distribution of Nitrospirae MTB from freshwater to the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Qian
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCB, Marseille, 13402, France
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Marseille, 13402, France
| | - Jia Liu
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Marseille, 13402, France
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Nicolas Menguy
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Marseille, 13402, France
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, UMR 7590 CNRS-Sorbonne Université, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Jinhua Li
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Marseille, 13402, France
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - François Alberto
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCB, Marseille, 13402, France
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Marseille, 13402, France
| | - Zhaojie Teng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Tian Xiao
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Marseille, 13402, France
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Marseille, 13402, France
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCB, Marseille, 13402, France
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Marseille, 13402, France
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15
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Fuduche M, Davidson S, Boileau C, Wu LF, Combet-Blanc Y. A Novel Highly Efficient Device for Growing Micro-Aerophilic Microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:534. [PMID: 31001208 PMCID: PMC6434946 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes a novel, simple and cost-effective culture system, named the Micro-Oxygenated Culture Device (MOCD), designed to grow microorganisms under particularly challenging oxygenation conditions. Two microaerophilic magnetotactic bacteria, a freshwater Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense strain MSR-1 and a marine Magnetospira sp. strain QH-2, were used as biological models to prove the efficiency of the MOCD and to evaluate its specifications. Using the MOCD, growth rates of MSR-1 and QH-2 increased by four and twofold, respectively, when compared to traditional growing techniques using simple bottles. Oxystat-bioreactors have been typically used and specifically designed to control low dissolved oxygen concentrations, however, the MOCD, which is far less sophisticated was proven to be as efficient for both MSR-1 and QH-2 cultures with regard to growth rate, and even better for MSR-1 when looking at cell yield (70% increase). The MOCD enables a wide range of oxygenation conditions to be studied, including different O2-gradients. This makes it an innovative and ingenious culture device that opens up new parameters for growing microaerobic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Fuduche
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, CNRS, Université de Toulon, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvain Davidson
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, CNRS, Université de Toulon, Marseille, France
| | - Céline Boileau
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, CNRS, Université de Toulon, Marseille, France
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCB, Marseille, France
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16
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Ramadan MM, Asran-Amal, Almoammar H, Abd-Elsalam KA. Microbially Synthesized Biomagnetic Nanomaterials. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE LIFE SCIENCES 2019:49-75. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16439-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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17
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Le Nagard L, Morillo-López V, Fradin C, Bazylinski DA. Growing Magnetotactic Bacteria of the Genus Magnetospirillum: Strains MSR-1, AMB-1 and MS-1. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30394392 DOI: 10.3791/58536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria are Gram-negative, motile, mainly aquatic prokaryotes ubiquitous in freshwater and marine habitats. They are characterized by their ability to biomineralize magnetosomes, which are magnetic nanometer-sized crystals of magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4) surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane, within their cytoplasm. For most known magnetotactic bacteria, magnetosomes are assembled in chains inside the cytoplasm, thereby conferring a permanent magnetic dipole moment to the cells and causing them to align passively with external magnetic fields. Because of these specific features, magnetotactic bacteria have a great potential for commercial and medical applications. However, most species are microaerophilic and have specific O2 concentration requirements, making them more difficult to grow routinely than many other bacteria such as Escherichia coli. Here we present detailed protocols for growing three of the most widely studied strains of magnetotactic bacteria, all belonging to the genus Magnetospirillum. These methods allow for precise control of the O2 concentration made available to the bacteria, in order to ensure that they grow normally and synthesize magnetosomes. Growing magnetotactic bacteria for further studies using these procedures does not require the experimentalist to be an expert in microbiology. The general methods presented in this article may also be used to isolate and culture other magnetotactic bacteria, although it is likely that growth media chemical composition will need to be modified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cecile Fradin
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, McMaster University;
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18
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Monteil CL, Perrière G, Menguy N, Ginet N, Alonso B, Waisbord N, Cruveiller S, Pignol D, Lefèvre CT. Genomic study of a novel magnetotactic Alphaproteobacteria uncovers the multiple ancestry of magnetotaxis. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:4415-4430. [PMID: 30043533 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ecological and evolutionary processes involved in magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) adaptation to their environment have been a matter of debate for many years. Ongoing efforts for their characterization are progressively contributing to understand these processes, including the genetic and molecular mechanisms responsible for biomineralization. Despite numerous culture-independent MTB characterizations, essentially within the Proteobacteria phylum, only few species have been isolated in culture because of their complex growth conditions. Here, we report a newly cultivated magnetotactic, microaerophilic and chemoorganoheterotrophic bacterium isolated from the Mediterranean Sea in Marseille, France: Candidatus Terasakiella magnetica strain PR-1 that belongs to an Alphaproteobacteria genus with no magnetotactic relative. By comparing the morphology and the whole genome shotgun sequence of this MTB with those of closer relatives, we brought further evidence that the apparent vertical ancestry of magnetosome genes suggested by previous studies within Alphaproteobacteria hides a more complex evolutionary history involving horizontal gene transfers and/or duplication events before and after the emergence of Magnetospirillum, Magnetovibrio and Magnetospira genera. A genome-scale comparative genomics analysis identified several additional candidate functions and genes that could be specifically associated to MTB lifestyle in this class of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline L Monteil
- Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix Marseille (BIAM), UMR7265 CEA - CNRS - Aix Marseille University, CEA Cadarache, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Guy Perrière
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, CNRS, UMR5558, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nicolas Menguy
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, IRD - IMPMC, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Ginet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, UMR 7283 CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13402, Marseille, France
| | - Béatrice Alonso
- Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix Marseille (BIAM), UMR7265 CEA - CNRS - Aix Marseille University, CEA Cadarache, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Nicolas Waisbord
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Stéphane Cruveiller
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives - Institut de Biologie François Jacob - Genoscope - Laboratoire d'Analyses Bioinformatiques pour la Génomique et le Métabolisme, UMR - CNRS 8030 Génomique Métabolique, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
| | - David Pignol
- Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix Marseille (BIAM), UMR7265 CEA - CNRS - Aix Marseille University, CEA Cadarache, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Christopher T Lefèvre
- Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix Marseille (BIAM), UMR7265 CEA - CNRS - Aix Marseille University, CEA Cadarache, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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19
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Seghal Kiran G, Ramasamy P, Sekar S, Ramu M, Hassan S, Ninawe A, Selvin J. Synthetic biology approaches: Towards sustainable exploitation of marine bioactive molecules. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:1278-1288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Yan L, Xing W. Methods to Study Magnetotactic Bacteria and Magnetosomes. J Microbiol Methods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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21
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Islam T, Peng C, Ali I. Morphological and cellular diversity of magnetotactic bacteria: A review. J Basic Microbiol 2017; 58:378-389. [PMID: 29112284 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are getting much attention in the recent years due to the biomineralization in their magnetosomes (MS). MS are unique organelles that are bio-mineralized due to MTB. MS contains nanosized crystal minerals of magnetite or greigite covered by bilayer lipid membrane, which are originated from cytoplasmic membrane (CM). MS are organized as an ordered chain into the cell which acts as a miniature compass needle. Furthermore, the biodiversity of MTB and their distribution is principally linked with the characteristics and growths of the MS. MTB are often considered as a part of the bacterial biomass from all of the aquatic environments. There have been a lot of genes that control the functions of MTB by accumulating as clusters of genomes such as magnetosomes genomic island (MAI). Therefore, in the present review, the function of the genes and proteins has been highlighted, which are mainly associated with the construction and formation of MS. In addition, the biodiversity, morphology and cell biology of MTB is discussed in greater detail to understand the formation of MS crystals by MTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariqul Islam
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Changsheng Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Imran Ali
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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22
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Complete Genome Sequence of Magnetospirillum sp. ME-1, a Novel Magnetotactic Bacterium Isolated from East Lake, Wuhan, China. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/34/e00485-17. [PMID: 28839012 PMCID: PMC5571398 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00485-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel spiral magnetotactic bacterium, Magnetospirillum sp. ME-1, was isolated from East Lake in China. Here we report the complete genome of ME-1, which contains a 4,551,873-bp circular chromosome and a 5,222-bp circular plasmid. The magnetosome biogenesis-specific genes are located in a 97,664-bp magnetosome genomic island.
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23
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Li K, Wang P, Chen C, Chen C, Li L, Song T. Light irradiation helps magnetotactic bacteria eliminate intracellular reactive oxygen species. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:3638-3648. [PMID: 28752909 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) demonstrate photoresponse. However, little is known about the biological significance of this behaviour. Magnetosomes exhibit peroxidase-like activity and can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). Magnetosomes extracted from the Magnetospirillum magneticum strain AMB-1 show enhanced peroxidase-like activity under illumination. The present study investigated the effects of light irradiation on nonmagnetic (without magnetosomes) and magnetic (with magnetosomes) AMB-1 cells. Results showed that light irradiation did not affect the growth of nonmagnetic and magnetic cells but significantly increased magnetosome synthesis and reduced intracellular ROS level in magnetic cells. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to analyse the expression level of magnetosome formation-associated genes (mamA, mms6, mms13 and mmsF) and stress-related genes (recA, oxyR, SOD, amb0664 and amb2684). Results showed that light irradiation upregulated the expression of mms6, mms13 and mmsF. Furthermore, light irradiation upregulated the expression of stress-related genes in nonmagnetic cells but downregulated them in magnetic cells. Additionally, magnetic cells exhibited stronger phototactic behaviour than nonmagnetic ones. These results suggested that light irradiation could heighten the ability of MTB to eliminate intracellular ROS and help them adapt to lighted environments. This phenomenon may be related to the enhanced peroxidase-like activity of magnetosomes under light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefeng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Department of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chuanfang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Changyou Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Department of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Tao Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Beijing 100190, China
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24
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Talib A, Khan Z, Bokhari H, Hidayathula S, Jilani G, Khan AA. Respiring cellular nano-magnets. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 80:526-531. [PMID: 28866196 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria provide an interesting example for the biosynthesis of magnetic (Fe3O4 or Fe3S4) nanoparticles, synthesized through a process known as biologically controlled mineralization, resulting in complex monodispersed, and nanostructures with unique magnetic properties. In this work, we report a novel aerobic bacterial strain isolated from sludge of an oil refinery. Microscopic and staining analysis revealed that it was a gram positive rod with the capability to thrive in a medium (9K) supplemented, with Fe2+ ions at an acidic pH (~3.2). The magnetic behaviour of these cells was tested by their alignment towards a permanent magnet, and later on confirmed by magnetometry analysis. The X-ray diffraction studies proved the cellular biosynthesis of magnetite nanoparticles inside the bacteria. This novel, bio-nano-magnet, could pave the way for green synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles to be used in industrial and medical applications such as MRI, magnetic hyperthermia and ferrofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Talib
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, 45550 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zanib Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Government Post Graduate College No. 2, Mandian, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Habib Bokhari
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, 45550 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Hidayathula
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11362 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Jilani
- Department of Soil Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah ARID Agriculture University, Shamsabad, Murree Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Abid Ali Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, 45550 Islamabad, Pakistan.
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25
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Enzymes and Nanoparticles Produced by Microorganisms and Their Applications in Biotechnology. Fungal Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68424-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Dong Y, Li J, Zhang W, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Xiao T, Wu LF, Pan H. The detection of magnetotactic bacteria in deep sea sediments from the east Pacific Manganese Nodule Province. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 8:239-249. [PMID: 26742990 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are distributed ubiquitously in sediments from coastal environments to the deep sea. The Pacific Manganese Nodule Province contains numerous polymetallic nodules mainly composed of manganese, iron, cobalt, copper and nickel. In the present study we used Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology to assess the communities of putative MTB in deep sea surface sediments at nine stations in the east Pacific Manganese Nodule Province. A total of 402 sequence reads from MTB were classified into six operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Among these, OTU113 and OTU759 were affiliated with the genus Magnetospira, OTU2224 and OTU2794 were affiliated with the genus Magnetococcus and Magnetovibrio, respectively, OTU3017 had no known genus affiliation, and OTU2556 was most similar to Candidatus Magnetananas. Interestingly, OTU759 was widely distributed, occurring at all study sites. Magnetism measurements revealed that all sediments were dominated by low coercivity, non-interacting single domain magnetic minerals. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the magnetic minerals were magnetosomes. Our data suggest that diverse putative MTB are widely distributed in deep sea surface sediments from the east Pacific Manganese Nodule Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), CNRS, F-13402, Marseille, France
| | - Jinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), CNRS, F-13402, Marseille, France
| | - Wuchang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), CNRS, F-13402, Marseille, France
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), CNRS, F-13402, Marseille, France
| | - Tian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), CNRS, F-13402, Marseille, France
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), CNRS, F-13402, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, UMR7283, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, CNRS, F-13402, Marseille, France
| | - Hongmiao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), CNRS, F-13402, Marseille, France
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27
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Deng A, Lin W, Shi N, Wu J, Sun Z, Sun Q, Bai H, Pan Y, Wen T. In vitro assembly of the bacterial actin protein MamK from ' Candidatus Magnetobacterium casensis' in the phylum Nitrospirae. Protein Cell 2016; 7:267-280. [PMID: 26960409 PMCID: PMC4818849 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-016-0253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), a group of phylogenetically diverse organisms that use their unique intracellular magnetosome organelles to swim along the Earth's magnetic field, play important roles in the biogeochemical cycles of iron and sulfur. Previous studies have revealed that the bacterial actin protein MamK plays essential roles in the linear arrangement of magnetosomes in MTB cells belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum. However, the molecular mechanisms of multiple-magnetosome-chain arrangements in MTB remain largely unknown. Here, we report that the MamK filaments from the uncultivated 'Candidatus Magnetobacterium casensis' (Mcas) within the phylum Nitrospirae polymerized in the presence of ATP alone and were stable without obvious ATP hydrolysis-mediated disassembly. MamK in Mcas can convert NTP to NDP and NDP to NMP, showing the highest preference to ATP. Unlike its Magnetospirillum counterparts, which form a single magnetosome chain, or other bacterial actins such as MreB and ParM, the polymerized MamK from Mcas is independent of metal ions and nucleotides except for ATP, and is assembled into well-ordered filamentous bundles consisted of multiple filaments. Our results suggest a dynamically stable assembly of MamK from the uncultivated Nitrospirae MTB that synthesizes multiple magnetosome chains per cell. These findings further improve the current knowledge of biomineralization and organelle biogenesis in prokaryotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Biogeomagnetism Group, Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Nana Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jie Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaopeng Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qinyun Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hua Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongxin Pan
- Biogeomagnetism Group, Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tingyi Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Chen YR, Zhang WY, Zhou K, Pan HM, Du HJ, Xu C, Xu JH, Pradel N, Santini CL, Li JH, Huang H, Pan YX, Xiao T, Wu LF. Novel species and expanded distribution of ellipsoidal multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 8:218-226. [PMID: 26711721 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes (MMPs) are a peculiar group of magnetotactic bacteria, each comprising approximately 10-100 cells of the same phylotype. Two morphotypes of MMP have been identified, including several species of globally distributed spherical mulberry-like MMPs (s-MMPs), and two species of ellipsoidal pineapple-like MMPs (e-MMPs) from China (Qingdao and Rongcheng cities). We recently collected e-MMPs from Mediterranean Sea sediments (Six-Fours-les-Plages) and Drummond Island, in the South China Sea. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the MMPs from Six-Fours-les-Plages and the previously reported e-MMP Candidatus Magnetananas rongchenensis have 98.5% sequence identity and are the same species, while the MMPs from Drummond Island appear to be a novel species, having > 7.1% sequence divergence from the most closely related e-MMP, Candidatus Magnetananas tsingtaoensis. Identification of the novel species expands the distribution of e-MMPs to Tropical Zone. Comparison of nine physical and chemical parameters revealed that sand grain size and the content of inorganic nitrogen (nitrate, ammonium and nitrite) in the sediments from Rongcheng City and Six-Fours-les-Plages were similar, and lower than found for sediments from the other two sampling sites. The results of the study reveal broad diversity and wide distribution of e-MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-ran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille cedex 20, F13402, Marseille, France
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wen-yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille cedex 20, F13402, Marseille, France
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Hong-miao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille cedex 20, F13402, Marseille, France
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hai-jian Du
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille cedex 20, F13402, Marseille, France
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian-hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Nathalie Pradel
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille cedex 20, F13402, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, UM110, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Marseille, F-13288, France
| | - Claire-Lise Santini
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille cedex 20, F13402, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCB UMR 7257, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 31, chemin Joseph Aiguier, Marseille CEDEX20, Marseille, F-13402, France
| | - Jin-hua Li
- Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Lab, Key Laboratory of the Earth's Deep Interior, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Yong-xin Pan
- Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Lab, Key Laboratory of the Earth's Deep Interior, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille cedex 20, F13402, Marseille, France
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Long-fei Wu
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille cedex 20, F13402, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCB UMR 7257, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 31, chemin Joseph Aiguier, Marseille CEDEX20, Marseille, F-13402, France
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Wang Y, Lin W, Li J, Zhang T, Li Y, Tian J, Gu L, Heyden YV, Pan Y. Characterizing and optimizing magnetosome production ofMagnetospirillumsp. XM-1 isolated from Xi'an City Moat, China. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 362:fnv167. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Lefèvre CT, Bennet M, Landau L, Vach P, Pignol D, Bazylinski DA, Frankel RB, Klumpp S, Faivre D. Diversity of magneto-aerotactic behaviors and oxygen sensing mechanisms in cultured magnetotactic bacteria. Biophys J 2015; 107:527-538. [PMID: 25028894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms living in gradient environments affect large-scale processes, including the cycling of elements such as carbon, nitrogen or sulfur, the rates and fate of primary production, and the generation of climatically active gases. Aerotaxis is a common adaptation in organisms living in the oxygen gradients of stratified environments. Magnetotactic bacteria are such gradient-inhabiting organisms that have a specific type of aerotaxis that allows them to compete at the oxic-anoxic interface. They biomineralize magnetosomes, intracellular membrane-coated magnetic nanoparticles, that comprise a permanent magnetic dipole that causes the cells to align along magnetic field lines. The magnetic alignment enables them to efficiently migrate toward an optimal oxygen concentration in microaerobic niches. This phenomenon is known as magneto-aerotaxis. Magneto-aerotaxis has only been characterized in a limited number of available cultured strains. In this work, we characterize the magneto-aerotactic behavior of 12 magnetotactic bacteria with various morphologies, phylogenies, physiologies, and flagellar apparatus. We report six different magneto-aerotactic behaviors that can be described as a combination of three distinct mechanisms, including the reported (di-)polar, axial, and a previously undescribed mechanism we named unipolar. We implement a model suggesting that the three magneto-aerotactic mechanisms are related to distinct oxygen sensing mechanisms that regulate the direction of cells' motility in an oxygen gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Lefèvre
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany; CEA/CNRS/Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Cellulaire, Saint Paul lez Durance, France
| | - Mathieu Bennet
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Livnat Landau
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany; Department of Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Vach
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - David Pignol
- CEA/CNRS/Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Cellulaire, Saint Paul lez Durance, France
| | - Dennis A Bazylinski
- University of Nevada at Las Vegas, School of Life Sciences, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Richard B Frankel
- Department of Physics, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Stefan Klumpp
- Department of Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Damien Faivre
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
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31
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Magnetotactic bacteria as potential sources of bioproducts. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:389-430. [PMID: 25603340 PMCID: PMC4306944 DOI: 10.3390/md13010389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) produce intracellular organelles called magnetosomes which are magnetic nanoparticles composed of magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4) enveloped by a lipid bilayer. The synthesis of a magnetosome is through a genetically controlled process in which the bacterium has control over the composition, direction of crystal growth, and the size and shape of the mineral crystal. As a result of this control, magnetosomes have narrow and uniform size ranges, relatively specific magnetic and crystalline properties, and an enveloping biological membrane. These features are not observed in magnetic particles produced abiotically and thus magnetosomes are of great interest in biotechnology. Most currently described MTB have been isolated from saline or brackish environments and the availability of their genomes has contributed to a better understanding and culturing of these fastidious microorganisms. Moreover, genome sequences have allowed researchers to study genes related to magnetosome production for the synthesis of magnetic particles for use in future commercial and medical applications. Here, we review the current information on the biology of MTB and apply, for the first time, a genome mining strategy on these microorganisms to search for secondary metabolite synthesis genes. More specifically, we discovered that the genome of the cultured MTB Magnetovibrio blakemorei, among other MTB, contains several metabolic pathways for the synthesis of secondary metabolites and other compounds, thereby raising the possibility of the co-production of new bioactive molecules along with magnetosomes by this species.
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32
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Sorty AM, Shaikh NR. Novel co-enrichment method for isolation of magnetotactic bacteria. J Basic Microbiol 2014; 55:520-6. [PMID: 25546328 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201400457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A novel co-enrichment technique was designed for enrichment of magnetotactic bacteria from soil, water, and sediments. Delayed addition of iron uptake inducer and the iron source proved amenable to induce magnetosome synthesis by MTB followed by their separation from consortium using magnetic flux. We successfully enriched and isolated both North seeking as well as South seeking magnetotactic bacteria from Lonar Lake (Buldhana), Moti Lake (Jalna), Ghanewadi Lake (Jalna), Ganesh Lake (Miraj), Rankala Lake (Kolhapur), and industrial metal-contaminated glaying soils (Jalna) and a soil (Karad), (MS, India) exposed to high-voltage electric current. The hanging drop preparations and growth under magnetic stress on low-agar media allowed conformation of magnetotactic behavior of the isolates. Both Gram positive and Gram negative MTB were isolated with diverse morphologies. South seeking population was more predominant. The soil inhabitants showed little dwelling property which was more prominent in case of aquatic inhabitants. The use of in situ pH and salt concentrations during enrichment and isolation found suited. The simultaneous growth of whole consortium in the system ensured the in situ simulation of microenvironment needful for proper growth of fastidious MTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay M Sorty
- PG Department of Microbiology, Yashwantrao Chavan College of Science, Karad (MS), India
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33
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Obayemi JD, Dozie-Nwachukwu S, Danyuo Y, Odusanya OS, Anuku N, Malatesta K, Soboyejo WO. Biosynthesis and the conjugation of magnetite nanoparticles with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH). MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 46:482-96. [PMID: 25492013 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the biosynthesis of magnetite nanoparticles (BMNPs) with particle sizes between 10 nm and 60 nm. The biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles are produced from Magnetospirillum magneticum (M.M.) bacteria that respond to magnetic fields. M.M. bacteria were cultured and used to synthesize magnetite nanoparticles. This was done in an enriched magnetic spirillum growth medium (EMSGM) at different pH levels. The nanoparticle concentrations were characterized with UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, while the particle shapes were elucidated via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The structure of the particles was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the hydrodynamic radii, particle size distributions and polydispersity of the nanoparticles were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS). Carbodiimide reduction was also used to functionalize the BMNPs with a molecular recognition unit (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, LHRH) that attaches specifically to receptors that are over-expressed on the surfaces of most breast cancer cell types. The resulting nanoparticles were examined using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and quantitative image analysis. The implications of the results are then discussed for the potential development of magnetic nanoparticles for the specific targeting and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Obayemi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology (AUST) Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kwara State University, Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - S Dozie-Nwachukwu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology (AUST) Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria; Sheda Science and Technology Complex (SHESTCO) Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Y Danyuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology (AUST) Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria; Department of Electronics and Electricals Engineering, Nigerian Turkish Nile University, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - O S Odusanya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology (AUST) Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria; Sheda Science and Technology Complex (SHESTCO) Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - N Anuku
- Department of Chemistry, Bronx Community College, New York, NY 10453, USA; Princeton Institute of Science and Technology of Materials (PRISM), Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - K Malatesta
- Princeton Institute of Science and Technology of Materials (PRISM), Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, NJ 08544, USA
| | - W O Soboyejo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology (AUST) Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria; Princeton Institute of Science and Technology of Materials (PRISM), Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, NJ 08544, USA.
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Zhang R, Chen YR, Du HJ, Zhang WY, Pan HM, Xiao T, Wu LF. Characterization and phylogenetic identification of a species of spherical multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes that produces both magnetite and greigite crystals. Res Microbiol 2014; 165:481-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Dijkstra N, Kraal P, Kuypers MMM, Schnetger B, Slomp CP. Are iron-phosphate minerals a sink for phosphorus in anoxic Black Sea sediments? PLoS One 2014; 9:e101139. [PMID: 24988389 PMCID: PMC4079231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a key nutrient for marine organisms. The only long-term removal pathway for P in the marine realm is burial in sediments. Iron (Fe) bound P accounts for a significant proportion of this burial at the global scale. In sediments underlying anoxic bottom waters, burial of Fe-bound P is generally assumed to be negligible because of reductive dissolution of Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides and release of the associated P. However, recent work suggests that Fe-bound P is an important burial phase in euxinic (i.e. anoxic and sulfidic) basin sediments in the Baltic Sea. In this study, we investigate the role of Fe-bound P as a potential sink for P in Black Sea sediments overlain by oxic and euxinic bottom waters. Sequential P extractions performed on sediments from six multicores along two shelf-to-basin transects provide evidence for the burial of Fe-bound P at all sites, including those in the euxinic deep basin. In the latter sediments, Fe-bound P accounts for more than 20% of the total sedimentary P pool. We suggest that this P is present in the form of reduced Fe-P minerals. We hypothesize that these minerals may be formed as inclusions in sulfur-disproportionating Deltaproteobacteria. Further research is required to elucidate the exact mineral form and formation mechanism of this P burial phase, as well as its role as a sink for P in sulfide-rich marine sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Dijkstra
- Department of Earth Sciences - Geochemistry, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Kraal
- Department of Earth Sciences - Geochemistry, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel M. M. Kuypers
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schnetger
- Microbiogeochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Caroline P. Slomp
- Department of Earth Sciences - Geochemistry, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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36
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Chen YR, Zhang R, Du HJ, Pan HM, Zhang WY, Zhou K, Li JH, Xiao T, Wu LF. A novel species of ellipsoidal multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes from Lake Yuehu in China. Environ Microbiol 2014; 17:637-47. [PMID: 24725306 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two morphotypes of multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes (MMPs) have been identified: spherical (several species) and ellipsoidal (previously one species). Here, we report novel ellipsoidal MMPs that are ∼ 10 × 8 μm in size, and composed of about 86 cells arranged in six to eight interlaced circles. Each MMP was composed of cells that synthesized either bullet-shaped magnetite magnetosomes alone, or both bullet-shaped magnetite and rectangular greigite magnetosomes. They showed north-seeking magnetotaxis, ping-pong motility and negative phototaxis at a velocity up to 300 μm s(-1) . During reproduction, they divided along either their long- or short-body axes. For genetic analysis, we sorted the ellipsoidal MMPs with micromanipulation and amplified their genomes using multiple displacement amplification. We sequenced the 16S rRNA gene and found 6.9% sequence divergence from that of ellipsoidal MMPs, Candidatus Magnetananas tsingtaoensis and > 8.3% divergence from those of spherical MMPs. Therefore, the novel MMPs belong to different species and genus compared with the currently known ellipsoidal and spherical MMPs respectively. The novel MMPs display a morphological cell differentiation, implying a potential division of labour. These findings provide new insights into the diversity of MMPs in general, and contribute to our understanding of the evolution of multicellularity among prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are widespread, motile, diverse prokaryotes that biomineralize a unique organelle called the magnetosome. Magnetosomes consist of a nano-sized crystal of a magnetic iron mineral that is enveloped by a lipid bilayer membrane. In cells of almost all MTB, magnetosomes are organized as a well-ordered chain. The magnetosome chain causes the cell to behave like a motile, miniature compass needle where the cell aligns and swims parallel to magnetic field lines. MTB are found in almost all types of aquatic environments, where they can account for an important part of the bacterial biomass. The genes responsible for magnetosome biomineralization are organized as clusters in the genomes of MTB, in some as a magnetosome genomic island. The functions of a number of magnetosome genes and their associated proteins in magnetosome synthesis and construction of the magnetosome chain have now been elucidated. The origin of magnetotaxis appears to be monophyletic; that is, it developed in a common ancestor to all MTB, although horizontal gene transfer of magnetosome genes also appears to play a role in their distribution. The purpose of this review, based on recent progress in this field, is focused on the diversity and the ecology of the MTB and also the evolution and transfer of the molecular determinants involved in magnetosome formation.
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38
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Anghel L, Duca G. A Review of the Biogenesis of Iron Nanoparticles Using Microorganims and Their Applications. CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MOLDOVA 2013. [DOI: 10.19261/cjm.2013.08(2).03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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39
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Pósfai M, Lefèvre CT, Trubitsyn D, Bazylinski DA, Frankel RB. Phylogenetic significance of composition and crystal morphology of magnetosome minerals. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:344. [PMID: 24324461 PMCID: PMC3840360 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) biomineralize magnetosomes, nano-scale crystals of magnetite or greigite in membrane enclosures that comprise a permanent magnetic dipole in each cell. MTB control the mineral composition, habit, size, and crystallographic orientation of the magnetosomes, as well as their arrangement within the cell. Studies involving magnetosomes that contain mineral and biological phases require multidisciplinary efforts. Here we use crystallographic, genomic and phylogenetic perspectives to review the correlations between magnetosome mineral habits and the phylogenetic affiliations of MTB, and show that these correlations have important implications for the evolution of magnetosome synthesis, and thus magnetotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihály Pósfai
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pannonia Veszprém, Hungary
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40
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Lin W, Bazylinski DA, Xiao T, Wu LF, Pan Y. Life with compass: diversity and biogeography of magnetotactic bacteria. Environ Microbiol 2013; 16:2646-58. [PMID: 24148107 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are unique in their ability to synthesize intracellular nano-sized minerals of magnetite and/or greigite magnetosomes for magnetic orientation. Thus, they provide an excellent model system to investigate mechanisms of biomineralization. MTB play important roles in bulk sedimentary magnetism and have numerous versatile applications in paleoenvironmental reconstructions, and biotechnological and biomedical fields. Significant progress has been made in recent years in describing the composition of MTB communities and distribution through innovative cultivation-dependent and -independent techniques. In this review, the most recent contributions to the field of diversity and biogeography of MTB are summarized and reviewed. Emphasis is on the novel insights into various factors/processes potentially affecting MTB community distribution. An understanding of the present-day biogeography of MTB, and the ruling parameters of their spatial distribution, will eventually help us predict MTB community shifts with environmental changes and assess their roles in global iron cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Biogeomagnetism Group, Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Earth's Deep Interior, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
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Sun X, Wu L, Ji J, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Li Z, Zhang G, Zhang H. Longitudinal surface plasmon resonance assay enhanced by magnetosomes for simultaneous detection of Pefloxacin and Microcystin-LR in seafoods. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 47:318-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Lefèvre CT, Wu LF. Evolution of the bacterial organelle responsible for magnetotaxis. Trends Microbiol 2013; 21:534-43. [PMID: 23948365 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
There are few examples of protein- and lipid-bounded organelles in bacteria that are encoded by conserved gene clusters and lead to a specific function. The magnetosome chain represents one of these rare examples and is responsible for magnetotaxis in magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), a behavior thought to aid in finding their optimal growth conditions. The origin and evolution of the magnetotaxis is still a matter of debate. Recent breakthroughs in isolation, cultivation, single-cell separation, and whole-genome sequencing have generated abundant data that give new insights into the biodiversity and evolution of MTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Lefèvre
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA)/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/Aix-Marseille Université, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Cellulaire, 13108, Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France.
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Yang J, Li S, Huang X, Tang T, Jiang W, Zhang T, Li Y. A key time point for cell growth and magnetosome synthesis of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense based on real-time analysis of physiological factors. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:210. [PMID: 23898327 PMCID: PMC3721002 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pure culture of magnetotactic bacteria with high magnetosome yield has been achieved for only a few strains. The major obstacles involve the nutritional requirements and culture conditions of the cells. To increase cell density and magnetosome production, it is necessary to elucidate the physiological characteristics of a particular strain during cell growth and develop an appropriate artificial control strategy. Large-scale culture of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense strain MSR-1 was successfully performed for 48 h in a 42-L autofermentor, and several key physiological parameters were measured in real time. Maximal values of cell density (OD565) (19.4) and cell yield (dry weight) (4.76 g/L) were attained at 40 h. The key time point for cell growth and magnetosome formation was found to be 18–20 h. At this point, cells entered the log phase of growth, the maximal values of Cmag (1.78), iron content (0.47%), and magnetosome number (26 ± 3 per cell) were observed, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity began to decrease more rapidly, ATP content dropped to an extremely low level (0.17 fmol), and reducing power (NADH/NAD+ ratio) began to increase very rapidly. Excessive levels of dissolved oxygen (≥20 ppb) and lactic acid in the medium caused notable cytotoxic effects after 20 h. Artificial control measures for fermentation must be based on realistic cell physiological conditions. At the key time point (18–20 h), cell density is high and magnetosomes have matured. The process of magnetosome synthesis involves a high consumption of ATP and reducing power, and the cells require replenishment of nutrients prior to the 18–20 h time point. Culture conditions that effectively minimize dissolved oxygen accumulation, lactic acid content, and reducing power at this point will enhance magnetosome yield without obvious inhibition of cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University Beijing, China ; France-China Biomineralization and Nano-structure Laboratory Beijing, China
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Ji B, Zhang SD, Arnoux P, Rouy Z, Alberto F, Philippe N, Murat D, Zhang WJ, Rioux JB, Ginet N, Sabaty M, Mangenot S, Pradel N, Tian J, Yang J, Zhang L, Zhang W, Pan H, Henrissat B, Coutinho PM, Li Y, Xiao T, Médigue C, Barbe V, Pignol D, Talla E, Wu LF. Comparative genomic analysis provides insights into the evolution and niche adaptation of marine Magnetospira sp. QH-2 strain. Environ Microbiol 2013; 16:525-44. [PMID: 23841906 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are capable of synthesizing intracellular organelles, the magnetosomes, that are membrane-bounded magnetite or greigite crystals arranged in chains. Although MTB are widely spread in various ecosystems, few axenic cultures are available, and only freshwater Magnetospirillum spp. have been genetically analysed. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of a marine magnetotactic spirillum, Magnetospira sp. QH-2. The high number of repeats and transposable elements account for the differences in QH-2 genome structure compared with other relatives. Gene cluster synteny and gene correlation analyses indicate that the insertion of the magnetosome island in the QH-2 genome occurred after divergence between freshwater and marine magnetospirilla. The presence of a sodium-quinone reductase, sodium transporters and other functional genes are evidence of the adaptive evolution of Magnetospira sp. QH-2 to the marine ecosystem. Genes well conserved among freshwater magnetospirilla for nitrogen fixation and assimilatory nitrate respiration are absent from the QH-2 genome. Unlike freshwater Magnetospirillum spp., marine Magnetospira sp. QH-2 neither has TonB and TonB-dependent receptors nor does it grow on trace amounts of iron. Taken together, our results show a distinct, adaptive evolution of Magnetospira sp. QH-2 to marine sediments in comparison with its closely related freshwater counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Ji
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7283, F-13402, Marseille Cedex 20, France
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Yan L, Zhang S, Chen P, Wang W, Wang Y, Li H. Magnetic properties of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:4026-31. [PMID: 23910310 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the magnetic properties of magnetotactic bacteria (MTBs) is of great interest in fields of life sciences, geosciences, biomineralization, biomagnetism, and planetary sciences. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (At. ferrooxidans), obtaining energy through the oxidation of ferrous iron and various reduced inorganic sulfur compounds, can synthesize intracellular magnetite magnetosomes. However, the magnetic properties of such microorganism remain unknown. Here we used transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) assay, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), magneto-thermogravimetric analysis (MTGA), and low temperature magnetometry to comprehensively investigate the magnetic characteristics of At. ferrooxidans. Results revealed that each cell contained only 1 to 3 magnetite magnetosomes, which were arranged irregularly. The magnetosomes were generally in a stable single-domain (SD) state, but superparamagnetic (SP) magnetite particles were also found. The calcined bacteria exhibited a ferromagnetic behavior with a Curie Temperature of 454 °C and a coercivity of 16.36 mT. Additionally, the low delta ratio (δFC/δZFC=1.27) indicated that there were no intact magnetosome chains in At. ferrooxidans. Our results provided the new insights on the biomineralization of bacterial magnetosomes and magnetic properties of At. ferrooxidans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
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Wu L, Gao B, Zhang F, Sun X, Zhang Y, Li Z. A novel electrochemical immunosensor based on magnetosomes for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in milk. Talanta 2013; 106:360-6. [PMID: 23598138 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel electrochemical immunosensor to detect staphylococcal enterotoxin B based on bio-magnetosomes, polyaniline nano-gold composite and 1,2-dimethyl-3-butylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid, was developed, and found to exhibit high sensitivity and stability. The specific antibody to staphylococcal enterotoxin B conjugated with the magnetosomes showed rapid immunoreactions and good dispersion, which contributed to the formation of a nanostructurally smooth and dense film on the surface of a gold electrode. Polyaniline nano-gold composite and 1,2-dimethyl-3-butylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid were used to modify the electrode as mediators to improve the electron transfer and offer an excellent biocompatible microenvironment for the antibody to retain its activity to enhance the response of the electrochemical sensor. Under optimal conditions, the developed immunosensor showed a good linear response in the range from 0.05 to 5 ng/mL (R(2)=0.9957) with a detection limit as low as 0.017 ng/mL, compared with the one without magnetosomes (0.05-5 ng/mL, 0.033 ng/mL), this developed immunosensor showed a wider response range and a reduced detection limit. And a good specificity with little adsorption to staphylococcal enterotoxin A, C and Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+) was obtained. Moreover, the immunosensor exhibited a good long-time stability at 4 °C reaching up to 60 days, which showed a relatively long working life. Meanwhile the immunosensor could be regenerated four times using NaOH elution. The sensor also displayed a good repeatability with a relative standard deviation of 5.02% for staphylococcal enterotoxin B detection (1 ng/mL, n=9). Furthermore, high recoveries in milk samples from 81% to 118% were achieved and successfully applied to milk sample detection. The obtained results demonstrate that the developed electrochemical immunosensor is a promising tool for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Zhou K, Zhang WY, Pan HM, Li JH, Yue HD, Xiao T, Wu LF. Adaptation of spherical multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes to the geochemically variable habitat of an intertidal zone. Environ Microbiol 2013; 15:1595-605. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Almeida FP, Viana NB, Lins U, Farina M, Keim CN. Swimming behaviour of the multicellular magnetotactic prokaryote 'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis' under applied magnetic fields and ultraviolet light. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2012; 103:845-57. [PMID: 23242915 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-012-9866-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria move by rotating their flagella and concomitantly are aligned to magnetic fields because they present magnetosomes, which are intracellular organelles composed by membrane-bound magnetic crystals. This results in magnetotaxis, which is swimming along magnetic field lines. Magnetotactic bacteria are morphologically diverse, including cocci, rods, spirilla and multicellular forms known as magnetotactic multicellular prokaryotes (MMPs). 'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis' is presently the best known MMP. Here we describe the helical trajectories performed by these microorganisms as they swim forward, as well as their response to UV light. We measured the radius of the trajectory, time period and translational velocity (velocity along the helix axis), which enabled the calculation of other trajectory parameters such as pitch, tangential velocity (velocity along the helix path), angular frequency, and theta angle (the angle between the helix path and the helix axis). The data revealed that 'Ca. M. multicellularis' swims along elongated helical trajectories with diameters approaching the diameter of the microorganism. In addition, we observed that 'Ca. M. multicellularis' responds to UV laser pulses by swimming backwards, returning to forward swimming several seconds after the UV laser pulse. UV light from a fluorescence microscope showed a similar effect. Thus, phototaxis is used in addition to magnetotaxis in this microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando P Almeida
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
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Bazylinski DA, Williams TJ, Lefèvre CT, Trubitsyn D, Fang J, Beveridge TJ, Moskowitz BM, Ward B, Schübbe S, Dubbels BL, Simpson B. Magnetovibrio blakemorei gen. nov., sp. nov., a magnetotactic bacterium (Alphaproteobacteria: Rhodospirillaceae) isolated from a salt marsh. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2012; 63:1824-1833. [PMID: 22984137 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.044453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A magnetotactic bacterium, designated strain MV-1(T), was isolated from sulfide-rich sediments in a salt marsh near Boston, MA, USA. Cells of strain MV-1(T) were Gram-negative, and vibrioid to helicoid in morphology. Cells were motile by means of a single polar flagellum. The cells appeared to display a transitional state between axial and polar magnetotaxis: cells swam in both directions, but generally had longer excursions in one direction than the other. Cells possessed a single chain of magnetosomes containing truncated hexaoctahedral crystals of magnetite, positioned along the long axis of the cell. Strain MV-1(T) was a microaerophile that was also capable of anaerobic growth on some nitrogen oxides. Salinities greater than 10 % seawater were required for growth. Strain MV-1(T) exhibited chemolithoautotrophic growth on thiosulfate and sulfide with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor (microaerobic growth) and on thiosulfate using nitrous oxide (N2O) as the terminal electron acceptor (anaerobic growth). Chemo-organoautotrophic and methylotrophic growth was supported by formate under microaerobic conditions. Autotrophic growth occurred via the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. Chemo-organoheterotrophic growth was supported by various organic acids and amino acids, under microaerobic and anaerobic conditions. Optimal growth occurred at pH 7.0 and 26-28 °C. The genome of strain MV-1(T) consisted of a single, circular chromosome, about 3.7 Mb in size, with a G+C content of 52.9-53.5 mol%.Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain MV-1(T) belongs to the family Rhodospirillaceae within the Alphaproteobacteria, but is not closely related to the genus Magnetospirillum. The name Magnetovibrio blakemorei gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed for strain MV-1(T). The type strain of Magnetovibrio blakemorei is MV-1(T) ( = ATCC BAA-1436(T) = DSM 18854(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis A Bazylinski
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Timothy J Williams
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher T Lefèvre
- CEA Cadarache/CNRS/Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7265 Service de Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementale, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Cellulaire, 13108 Saint Paul lez Durance, France
| | - Denis Trubitsyn
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Jiasong Fang
- Department of Natural Sciences, Hawaii Pacific University, 45-045 Kamehameha Highway, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Terrence J Beveridge
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Bruce M Moskowitz
- Institute for Rock Magnetism, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 310 Pillsbury Dr., SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bruce Ward
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Sabrina Schübbe
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Bradley L Dubbels
- Life Technologies Corporation, 29851 Willow Creek Road, Eugene, OR 97402, USA
| | - Brian Simpson
- United States Navy, Helseacombatron Two Three, San Diego, CA 92135, USA
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Magnetotactic bacteria: promising biosorbents for heavy metals. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 95:1097-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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