1
|
O'Connor KM, Lucking EF, Cryan JF, O'Halloran KD. Bugs, breathing and blood pressure: microbiota-gut-brain axis signalling in cardiorespiratory control in health and disease. J Physiol 2020; 598:4159-4179. [PMID: 32652603 DOI: 10.1113/jp280279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is clear evidence of physiological effects of the gut microbiota on whole-body function in health and disease. Microbiota-gut-brain axis signalling is recognised as a key player in behavioural disorders such as depression and anxiety. Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiota affects neurocontrol networks responsible for homeostatic functions that are essential for life. We consider the evidence suggesting the potential for the gut microbiota to shape cardiorespiratory homeostasis. In various animal models of disease, there is an association between cardiorespiratory morbidity and perturbed gut microbiota, with strong evidence in support of a role of the gut microbiota in the control of blood pressure. Interventions that target the gut microbiota or manipulate the gut-brain axis, such as short-chain fatty acid supplementation, prevent hypertension in models of obstructive sleep apnoea. Emerging evidence points to a role for the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the control of breathing and ventilatory responsiveness, relevant to cardiorespiratory disease. There is also evidence for an association between the gut microbiota and disease severity in people with asthma and cystic fibrosis. There are many gaps in the knowledge base and an urgent need to better understand the mechanisms by which gut health and dysbiosis contribute to cardiorespiratory control. Nevertheless, there is a growing consensus that manipulation of the gut microbiota could prove an efficacious adjunctive strategy in the treatment of common cardiorespiratory diseases, which are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M O'Connor
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eric F Lucking
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ken D O'Halloran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McDonald FB, O'Connor KM, O'Halloran KD. Progesterone is a promising therapeutic for the prevention of apnoea. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:928-929. [PMID: 32267562 DOI: 10.1113/ep088630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona B McDonald
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, and Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Karen M O'Connor
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, and Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ken D O'Halloran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, and Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Katayama PL, Abdala AP, Charles I, Pijacka W, Salgado HC, Gever J, Ford AP, Paton JFR. P2X3 receptor antagonism reduces the occurrence of apnoeas in newborn rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 277:103438. [PMID: 32259688 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hyperreflexia of the peripheral chemoreceptors is a potential contributor of apnoeas of prematurity (AoP). Recently, it was shown that elevated P2X3 receptor expression was associated with elevated carotid body afferent sensitivity. Therefore, we tested whether P2X3 receptor antagonism would reduce AoP known to occur in newborn rats. Unrestrained whole-body plethysmography was used to record breathing and from this the frequency of apnoeas at baseline and following administration of either a P2X3 receptor antagonist - AF-454 (5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg s.c.) or vehicle was derived. In a separate group, we tested the effects of AF-454 (10 mg/kg) on the hypoxic ventilatory response (10 % FiO2). Ten but not 5 mg/kg AF-454 reduced the frequency of AoP and improved breathing regularity significantly compared to vehicle. Neither AF-454 (both 5 and 10 mg/kg) nor vehicle affected baseline respiration. However, P2X3 receptor antagonism (10 mg/kg) powerfully blunted hypoxic ventilatory response to 10 % FiO2. These data suggest that P2X3 receptors contribute to AoP and the hypoxic ventilatory response in newborn rats but play no role in the drive to breathe at rest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Lourenço Katayama
- Bristol CardioNomics Group, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, England, UK; Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Abdala
- Bristol CardioNomics Group, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, England, UK
| | - Ian Charles
- Bristol CardioNomics Group, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, England, UK
| | - Wioletta Pijacka
- Bristol CardioNomics Group, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, England, UK; Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, MedImmune Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helio Cesar Salgado
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joel Gever
- Afferent Pharmaceuticals, San Mateo, CA, USA
| | | | - Julian F R Paton
- Bristol CardioNomics Group, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, England, UK; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Synthesized atropine nanoparticles ameliorate airway hyperreactivity and remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
5
|
Bairam A, Boukari R, Joseph V. Targeting progesterone receptors in newborn males and females: From the animal model to a new perspective for the treatment of apnea of prematurity? Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2019; 263:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
6
|
Joseph V, Uppari N, Kouchi H, De Bruyn C, Boukari R, Bairam A. Respiratory regulation by steroids in newborn rats: a sex-specific balance between allopregnanolone and progesterone receptors. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:276-290. [DOI: 10.1113/ep086716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Joseph
- Centre de recherche de l'institut de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de médicine; Université Laval; Québec Québec Canada
| | - NagaPraveena Uppari
- Centre de recherche de l'institut de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de médicine; Université Laval; Québec Québec Canada
| | - Hayet Kouchi
- Centre de recherche de l'institut de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de médicine; Université Laval; Québec Québec Canada
| | - Celia De Bruyn
- Centre de recherche de l'institut de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de médicine; Université Laval; Québec Québec Canada
| | - Ryma Boukari
- Centre de recherche de l'institut de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de médicine; Université Laval; Québec Québec Canada
| | - Aida Bairam
- Centre de recherche de l'institut de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de médicine; Université Laval; Québec Québec Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Uppari NP, Joseph V, Bairam A. Respiratory responses to progesterone and allopregnanolone following chronic caffeine treatment in newborn female rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2017; 240:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
8
|
Iturri P, Bairam A, Soliz J. Efficient breathing at neonatal ages: A sex and Epo-dependent issue. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2016; 245:89-97. [PMID: 28041993 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During postnatal life, the respiratory control system undergoes intense development and is highly responsive to stimuli emerging from the environment. In fact, interruption of breathing prevents gas exchange and results in systemic hypoxia that, if prolonged, can lead to cardio-respiratory failure or sudden infant death. Moreover, in newborns and infants, respiratory disorders related to neural control dysfunction show significant sexual dimorphism with a higher prevalence in males. To this day, the therapeutic tools available to alleviate these respiratory disorders remain limited. Furthermore, the factors explaining the sexual dimorphism in newborns and during infancy remain unknown. Erythropoietin (Epo) was originally discovered as a cytokine able to increase the production of red blood cells upon conditions of reduced oxygen availability. We now know that Epo is a cytokine also secreted by neurons and astrocytes that protects the brain during trauma or hypoxic stress in a sex dependent manner. In this novel line of research, our previous studies demonstrated at adult ages that cerebral Epo acts as a respiratory stimulant in rodents and humans. These results provided a strong rationale for exploring the role of cerebral Epo in neuronal respiratory control during postnatal development. The objective of this review is to summarize our recent findings showing that cerebral Epo is a potent sex-specific respiratory stimulant at neonatal ages. Keeping in mind that Epo is routinely and safely administrated in newborn humans for anemia and neonatal asphyxia, we predict that our research provides the basis necessary to promote the clinical use of Epo against neonatal respiratory disorders related to neural control dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Iturri
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Pavillon St François d'Assise, Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Institute, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Aida Bairam
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Pavillon St François d'Assise, Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jorge Soliz
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Pavillon St François d'Assise, Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Institute, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mortola JP, Wilfong D. Hematocrit and Hemoglobin Levels of Nonhuman Apes at Moderate Altitudes: A Comparison with Humans. High Alt Med Biol 2016; 17:323-335. [PMID: 27959666 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2016.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortola, Jacopo P. and DeeAnn Wilfong. Hematocrit and hemoglobin levels of nonhuman apes at moderate altitudes: a comparison with humans. High Alt Med Biol. 17:323-335, 2016.-We asked to what extent the hematologic response (increase in hematocrit [Hct] and in blood hemoglobin concentration [Hb]) of humans to altitude hypoxia was shared by our closest relatives, the nonhuman apes. Data were collected from 29 specimens of 7 species of apes at 2073 m altitude (barometric pressure Pb = 598 mm Hg); additional data originated from apes located at a lower altitude (1493 m, Pb = 639 mm Hg). The human altitude profiles of Hct and Hb between sea level and 3000 m were constructed from a compilation of literature sources that (all combined) comprised data sets of 10,000-12,000 subjects for each gender. These human data were binned for 0-250 m altitude (sea level) and for each 500 m of progressively higher altitudes. Values of Hb and Hct of both men and women were significantly higher than at sea level at the 1500 bin (1250-1750 m); hence, the altitude threshold for the human hematological responses must be between 1000 and 1500 m. In the nonhuman apes, no increase in Hct or Hb was apparent at 1500 m; at 2000 m, the increase was significant only for the Hb of females. At either altitude in the group of nonhuman apes, the increase in Hct was much less than in humans, and that of Hb was significantly less at 1500 m. We conclude that lack of, or minimal, hematopoietic response to moderate altitude can occur in mammalian species that are not genetically adapted to high altitudes. Polycythemia is not a common response to altitude hypoxia and, at least at moderate altitudes, the degree of the human response may represent the exception among apes rather than the rule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo P Mortola
- 1 Department of Physiology, McGill University , Montreal, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Uppari N, Joseph V, Bairam A. Inhibitory respiratory responses to progesterone and allopregnanolone in newborn rats chronically treated with caffeine. J Physiol 2015; 594:373-89. [PMID: 26497835 DOI: 10.1113/jp270914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS In premature newborns, recurrent apnoea is systematically treated with caffeine to prevent long-term neurocognitive disorders, but a substantial percentage of apnoea persists particularly in neonates born before 28 weeks of gestation. Progesterone has been proposed as a respiratory stimulant potentially suitable for the treatment of newborn apnoea persistent to caffeine. Accordingly we asked whether acute progesterone administration reduces apnoea frequency in newborn rats treated with caffeine. Surprisingly our results show that in newborn rats treated with caffeine, administration of progesterone inhibits breathing and increases apnoea frequency. Additional experiments showed an enhanced GABAergic inhibitory drive on breathing after caffeine treatment, and that progesterone is converted to allopregnanolone (an allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors) to inhibit breathing. We conclude that combining progesterone and chronic caffeine is not an option in preterm neonates, unless the effects of allopregnanolone can be counteracted. ABSTRACT Caffeine is the main treatment for apnoea in preterm neonates, but its interactions with other respiratory stimulants like progesterone are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that the addition of progesterone to caffeine treatments further stimulates ventilation. Newborn rats were treated with water (control) or caffeine (15 mg kg(-1)) by daily gavage between postnatal day (P)3 and P12. At P4 and P12, we measured apnoea frequency, ventilatory responses and metabolic parameters under both normoxia and hypoxia (12% O2, 20 min) following an acute administration of either saline or progesterone (4 mg kg(-1); i.p.). Progesterone injection increased the serum levels of both progesterone and its neuroactive metabolite allopregnanolone. Progesterone had no effect on ventilation in control rats under normoxia. Progesterone depressed ventilation in P12 caffeine-treated rats under normoxia and hypoxia and increased apnoea frequency in both P4 and P12 rats. Because allopregnanolone is an allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors and caffeine may enhance GABAergic inhibition in newborns, we studied the effects of the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline at 0, 1, 2 and 3 mg kg(-1) doses and allopregnanolone (10 mg kg(-1) dose) in P12 rats. In caffeine-treated rats, bicuculline enhanced ventilation, while allopregnanolone decreased ventilation and increased total apnoea time. Progesterone had no effect on ventilation and apnoea frequency in caffeine-treated rats injected with finasteride, which blocks the conversion of progesterone to allopregnanolone. We conclude that combining progesterone and chronic caffeine therapy is not an option for the treatment of persistent apnoea in preterm neonates, unless the effects of allopregnanolone can be counteracted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- NagaPraveena Uppari
- Unité de recherche en périnatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, Département de Pédiatrie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Joseph
- Unité de recherche en périnatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, Département de Pédiatrie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Aida Bairam
- Unité de recherche en périnatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, Département de Pédiatrie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bairam A, Uppari N, Mubayed S, Joseph V. An Overview on the Respiratory Stimulant Effects of Caffeine and Progesterone on Response to Hypoxia and Apnea Frequency in Developing Rats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 860:211-20. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18440-1_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
12
|
Relative Contribution of Nuclear and Membrane Progesterone Receptors in Respiratory Control. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 860:261-7. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18440-1_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
13
|
Potvin C, Rossignol O, Uppari N, Dallongeville A, Bairam A, Joseph V. Reduced hypoxic ventilatory response in newborn mice knocked-out for the progesterone receptor. Exp Physiol 2014; 99:1523-37. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.080986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Potvin
- Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Orlane Rossignol
- Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | | | | | - Aida Bairam
- Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Vincent Joseph
- Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Marcouiller F, Boukari R, Laouafa S, Lavoie R, Joseph V. The nuclear progesterone receptor reduces post-sigh apneas during sleep and increases the ventilatory response to hypercapnia in adult female mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100421. [PMID: 24945655 PMCID: PMC4063764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that the nuclear progesterone receptor (nPR) is involved in respiratory control and mediates the respiratory stimulant effect of progesterone. Adult female mice carrying a mutation in the nPR gene (PRKO mice) and wild-type controls (WT) were implanted with an osmotic pump delivering vehicle or progesterone (4 mg/kg/day). The mice were instrumented with EEG and neck EMG electrodes connected to a telemetry transmitter. The animals were placed in a whole body plethysmograph 7 days after surgery to record ventilation, metabolic rate, EEG and neck EMGs for 4 consecutive hours. The animals were exposed to hypercapnia (5% CO2), hypoxia (12% O2) and hypoxic-hypercapnia (5% CO2+12% O2–5 min each) to assess chemoreflex responses. EEG and EMG signals were used to characterize vigilance states (e.g., wake, non-REM, and REM sleep). PRKO mice exhibited similar levels of minute ventilation during non-REM and REM sleep, and higher frequencies of sighs and post-sigh apneas during non-REM sleep compared to WT. Progesterone treatment increased minute ventilation and metabolic rate in WT and PRKO mice during non-REM sleep. In WT mice, but not in PRKO mice, the ventilation under hypercapnia and hypoxic hypercapnia was enhanced after progesterone treatment. We conclude that the nPR reduces apnea frequency during non-REM sleep and enhances chemoreflex responses to hypercapnia after progesterone treatment. These results also suggest that mechanisms other than nPR activation increase metabolic rate in response to progesterone treatment in adult female mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Marcouiller
- Department of Pediatrics and Research Centre CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec (QC), Canada
| | - Ryma Boukari
- Department of Pediatrics and Research Centre CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec (QC), Canada
| | - Sofien Laouafa
- Department of Pediatrics and Research Centre CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec (QC), Canada
| | - Raphaël Lavoie
- Department of Pediatrics and Research Centre CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec (QC), Canada
| | - Vincent Joseph
- Department of Pediatrics and Research Centre CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec (QC), Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Loiseau C, Osinski D, Joubert F, Straus C, Similowski T, Bodineau L. The progestin etonogestrel enhances the respiratory response to metabolic acidosis in newborn rats. Evidence for a mechanism involving supramedullary structures. Neurosci Lett 2014; 567:63-7. [PMID: 24686181 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Central congenital hypoventilation syndrome is a neuro-respiratory disease characterized by the dysfunction of the CO2/H(+) chemosensitive neurons of the retrotrapezoid nucleus/parafacial respiratory group. A recovery of CO2/H(+) chemosensitivity has been observed in some central congenital hypoventilation syndrome patients coincidental with contraceptive treatment by a potent progestin, desogestrel (Straus et al., 2010). The mechanisms of this progestin effect remain unknown, although structures of medulla oblongata, midbrain or diencephalon are known to be targets for progesterone. In the present study, on ex vivo preparations of central nervous system of newborn rats, we show that acute exposure to etonogestrel (active metabolite of desogestrel) enhanced the increased respiratory frequency induced by metabolic acidosis via a mechanism involving supramedullary structures located in pontine, mesencephalic or diencephalic regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Loiseau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Diane Osinski
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Fanny Joubert
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Christian Straus
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, F-75005 Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles de la Respiration, de l'Exercice et de la Dyspnée, F-75651 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Similowski
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, F-75005 Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Médicale, F-75651 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Bodineau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, F-75005 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ramanantsoa N, Gallego J. Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2013; 189:272-9. [PMID: 23692929 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is characterized by hypoventilation during sleep and impaired ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxemia. Most cases are sporadic and caused by de novo PHOX2B gene mutations, which are usually polyalanine repeat expansions. Physiological and neuroanatomical studies of genetically engineered mice and analyses of cellular responses to mutated Phox2b have shed light on the pathophysiological mechanisms of CCHS. Findings in Phox2b(27Ala/+) knock-in mice consisted of unstable breathing with apneas, absence of the ventilatory response to hypercapnia, death within a few hours after birth, and absence of the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN). Conditional mouse mutants in which Phox2b(27Ala) was targeted to the RTN also lacked the ventilatory response to hypercapnia at birth but survived to adulthood and developed a partial hypercapnia response. The therapeutic effects of desogestrel are being evaluated in clinical trials, and recent analyses of cellular responses to polyAla Phox2b aggregates have suggested new pharmacological approaches designed to counteract the toxic effects of mutated Phox2b.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Ramanantsoa
- INSERM, U676, Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bairam A, Lumbroso D, Joseph V. Effect of progesterone on respiratory response to moderate hypoxia and apnea frequency in developing rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2013; 185:515-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
18
|
De Caro R, Macchi V, Sfriso MM, Porzionato A. Structural and neurochemical changes in the maturation of the carotid body. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2013; 185:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
19
|
Syed Z, Lin HS, Mateika JH. The impact of arousal state, sex, and sleep apnea on the magnitude of progressive augmentation and ventilatory long-term facilitation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 114:52-65. [PMID: 23139361 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00985.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the impact of arousal state, sex, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on the magnitude of progressive augmentation of the hypoxic ventilatory response and ventilatory long-term facilitation (vLTF). We also examined whether exposure to intermittent hypoxia during sleep has an impact on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in individuals with OSA. Ten men and seven women with OSA, along with ten healthy men and ten healthy women, were exposed to twelve 2-min episodes of hypoxia (end-tidal PO(2): 50 Torr) in the presence of sustained hypercapnia (end-tidal PCO(2): 3 Torr above baseline), followed by a 30-min recovery period during wakefulness and sleep. The OSA participants completed an additional sham study during sleep. The AHI during the first hour of sleep following the intermittent hypoxia and sham protocols were compared. Progressive augmentation was only evident during wakefulness and was enhanced in the OSA participants. vLTF was evident during wakefulness and sleep. When standardized to baseline, vLTF was greater during wakefulness and was enhanced in the OSA group (men: wakefulness 1.39 ± 0.08 vs. sleep 1.14 ± 0.03; women: wakefulness 1.35 ± 0.03 vs. sleep 1.16 ± 0.05 fraction of baseline; P ≤ 0.001) compared with control (men: wakefulness 1.19 ± 0.03 vs. sleep 1.09 ± 0.03; women: wakefulness 1.26 ± 0.05 vs. sleep 1.08 ± 0.04 fraction of baseline; P ≤ 0.001). The AHI following exposure to intermittent hypoxia was increased (intermittent hypoxia 72.8 ± 7.3 vs. sham 56.5 ± 7.0 events/h; P ≤ 0.01). Sex-related differences were not observed for the primary measures. We conclude that progressive augmentation is not evident, and the magnitude of vLTF is diminished during sleep compared with wakefulness in men and women. However, when present, the phenomena are enhanced in individuals with OSA. The AHI data indicate that, under the prevailing experimental conditions, vLTF did not serve to mitigate apnea severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziauddin Syed
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dose Dependent Effect of Progesterone on Hypoxic Ventilatory Response in Newborn Rats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 758:43-8. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4584-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
|
21
|
Joseph V, Behan M, Kinkead R. Sex, hormones, and stress: how they impact development and function of the carotid bodies and related reflexes. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2012; 185:75-86. [PMID: 22781657 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone and corticosterone are key modulators of the respiratory control system. While progesterone is widely recognized as an important respiratory stimulant in adult and newborn animals, much remains to be described regarding the underlying mechanisms. We review the potential implication of nuclear and membrane progesterone receptors in adults and in newborns. This raises intriguing questions regarding the contribution of progesterone as a protective factor against some respiratory control disorders during early life. We then discuss our current understanding of the central integration of stressful stimuli and the responses they elicit. The fact that this system interacts with the respiratory control system, either because both share some common neural pathways in the brainstem and hypothalamus, or because corticosterone directly modulates the function of the respiratory control network, is a fascinating field of research that has emerged over the past few years. Finally, we review the short- and long-term consequences of disruption of stress circuitry during postnatal development on these systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Joseph
- Department of Pediatrics, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Joseph V, Niane LM, Bairam A. Antagonism of progesterone receptor suppresses carotid body responses to hypoxia and nicotine in rat pups. Neuroscience 2012; 207:103-9. [PMID: 22326965 PMCID: PMC3782486 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that antagonism of progesterone receptor (PR) in newborn rats alters carotid body and respiratory responses to hypoxia and nicotinic receptor agonists. Rats were treated with the PR antagonist mifepristone (daily oral gavage 40 μg/g/d) or vehicle between postnatal days 3 and 15. In 11-14-day-old rats, we used in vitro carotid body/carotid sinus nerve preparation and whole body plethysmography to assess the carotid body and ventilatory responses to hypoxia (65 mmHg in vitro, 10% O2 in vivo) and to nicotinic receptor agonists (as an excitatory modulator of carotid body activity-nicotine 100 μM for in vitro studies, and epibatidine 5 μg/kg, i.p., which mainly acts on peripheral nicotinic receptors, for in vivo studies). The carotid body responses to hypoxia and nicotine were drastically reduced by mifepristone. Compared with vehicle, mifepristone-treated rats had a reduced body weight. The ventilatory response to epibatidine was attenuated; however, the hypoxic ventilatory response was similar between vehicle and mifepristone-treated pups. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that mifepristone treatment did not change carotid body morphology. We conclude that PR activity is a critical factor ensuring proper carotid body function in newborn rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Joseph
- Department of Pediatrics, Laval University, Centre de Recherche (D0-711), Hôpital St.-François d'Assise, 10 rue de l'Espinay, QC, G1L 3L5, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sex-Specific Effects of Daily Gavage with a Mixed Progesterone and Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonist on Hypoxic Ventilatory Response in Newborn Rats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 758:29-35. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4584-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
24
|
Julien CA, Joseph V, Bairam A. Alteration of carotid body chemoreflexes after neonatal intermittent hypoxia and caffeine treatment in rat pups. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2011; 177:301-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
25
|
Gassmann M, Pfistner C, Doan VD, Vogel J, Soliz J. Impaired ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia in female mice overexpressing erythropoietin: unexpected deleterious effect of estradiol in carotid bodies. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 299:R1511-20. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00205.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Apart from enhancing the production of red blood cells, erythropoietin (Epo) alters the ventilatory response when oxygen supply is reduced. We recently demonstrated that Epo's beneficial effect on the ventilatory response to acute hypoxia is sex dependent, with female mice being better able to cope with reduced oxygenation. In the present work, we hypothesized that ventilatory acclimatization to chronic hypoxia (VAH) in transgenic female mice (Tg6) harboring high levels of Epo in the brain and blood will also be improved compared with wild-type (WT) animals. Surprisingly, VAH was blunted in Tg6 female mice. To define whether this phenomenon had a central (brain stem respiratory centers) and/or peripheral (carotid bodies) origin, a bilateral transection of carotid sinus nerve (chemodenervation) was performed. This procedure allowed the analysis of the central response in the absence of carotid body information. Interestingly, chemodenervation restored the VAH in Tg6 mice, suggesting that carotid bodies were responsible for the blunted response. Coherently with this observation, the sensitivity to oxygen alteration in arterial blood (Dejour test) after chronic hypoxia was lower in transgenic carotid bodies compared with the WT control. As blunted VAH occurred in female but not male transgenic mice, the involvement of sex female steroids was obvious. Indeed, measurement of sexual female hormones revealed that the estradiol serum level was 4 times higher in transgenic mice Tg6 than in WT animals. While ovariectomy decreased VAH in WT females, this treatment restored VAH in Tg6 female mice. In line with this observation, injections of estradiol in ovariectomized Tg6 females dramatically reduced the VAH. We concluded that during chronic hypoxia, estradiol in carotid bodies suppresses the Epo-mediated elevation of ventilation. Considering the increased application of recombinant Epo for a variety of disorders, our data imply the need to take the patient's hormonal status into consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Christine Pfistner
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Van Diep Doan
- Unité de Recherche en Périnatalogie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, Département de Pédiatrie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Johannes Vogel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Jorge Soliz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Soliz J, Thomsen JJ, Soulage C, Lundby C, Gassmann M. Sex-dependent regulation of hypoxic ventilation in mice and humans is mediated by erythropoietin. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009; 296:R1837-46. [PMID: 19321698 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.90967.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acclimatization to hypoxic exposure relies on an elevated ventilation and erythropoietic activity. We recently proposed that erythropoietin (Epo) links both responses: apart from red blood cell production, cerebral and plasma Epo interact with the central and peripheral respiratory centers. Knowing that women cope better than men with reduced oxygen supply (as observed at high altitude), we analyzed the hypoxic ventilatory response in Epo-overexpressing transgenic male and female mice with high Epo levels in brain and plasma (Tg6) or in wild-type animals injected with recombinant human Epo (rhEpo). Exposure to moderate and severe hypoxia as well as to hyperoxia and injection of domperidone, a potent peripheral ventilatory stimulant, revealed that the presence of transgenic or rhEpo extensively increased the hypoxic ventilatory response in female mice compared with their corresponding male siblings. Alterations of catecholamines in the brain stem's respiratory centers were also sex dependent. In a proof-of-concept study, human volunteers were intravenously injected with 5,000 units rhEpo and subsequently exposed to 10% oxygen. Compared with men, the hypoxic ventilatory response was significantly increased in women. We conclude that Epo exerts a sex-dependent impact on hypoxic ventilation improving the response in female mice and in women that most probably involves sexual hormones. Our data provides an explanation as to why women are less susceptible to hypoxia-associated syndromes than men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Soliz
- nstitute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lefter R, Doan VD, Joseph V. Contrasting effects of estradiol and progesterone on respiratory pattern and hypoxic ventilatory response in newborn male rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2008; 164:312-8. [PMID: 18760385 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2008.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Revised: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that postnatal exposure to progesterone or estradiol exerts distinct effects on respiratory control, apnea frequency, and on hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR). To this aim, we assessed breathing pattern using whole body plethysmography in normoxia and during a sustained hypoxic exposure (10% O(2)-30min) in 10-day-old male rats raised by dams implanted with osmotic minipumps delivering either estradiol (E(2), 7.0microgday(-1)), estradiol+progesterone (E(2)+P, 7.0+70microgday(-1)) or vehicle (propylene glycol) at a regular flow rate throughout postnatal days 1-14. Compared to vehicle, E(2) and E(2)+P pups had a reduced ventilation, metabolic rate and rectal temperature. HVR was specifically increased in E(2)+P pups compared to controls and E(2) pups. On the contrary, both E(2) and E(2)+P pups did not reduced metabolism as much as controls during hypoxic exposure, and the decrease in rectal temperature was abolished. Surprisingly, E(2)+P pups showed a dramatic elevation of sigh frequency, while progesterone (in E(2)+P compared to E(2) and Veh pups) reduced apnea frequency. These findings are relevant to better understand the role of placental steroids on respiratory and metabolic control during early development in rats, and could ultimately contribute to a better understanding of specific respiratory control disorders in preterm neonates, which are chronically deprived from placental steroids exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Lefter
- Department of Pediatrics, Laval University, Centre de Recherche (D0-711), Hôpital St-François d'Assise, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Quebec G1L 3L5, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Julien C, Bairam A, Joseph V. Chronic intermittent hypoxia reduces ventilatory long-term facilitation and enhances apnea frequency in newborn rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 294:R1356-66. [PMID: 18287216 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00884.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ventilatory long-term facilitation (LTF; defined as gradual increase of minute ventilation following repeated hypoxic exposures) is well described in adult mammals and is hypothesized to be a protective mechanism against apnea. In newborns, LTF is absent during the first postnatal days, but its precise developmental pattern is unknown. Accordingly, this study describes this pattern of postnatal development. Additionally, we tested the hypothesis that chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) from birth alters this development. LTF was estimated in vivo using whole body plethysmography by exposing rat pups at postnatal days 1, 4, and 10 (P1, P4, and P10) to 10 brief hypoxic cycles (nadir 5% O2) and respiratory recordings during the following 2 h (recovery, 21% O2). Under these conditions, ventilatory LTF (gradual increase of minute ventilation during recovery) was clearly expressed in P10 rats but not in P1 and P4. In a second series of experiments, rat pups were exposed to CIH during the first 10 postnatal days (6 brief cyclic exposures at 5% O2 every 6 min followed by 1 h under normoxia, 24 h a day). Compared with P10 control rats, CIH enhanced hypoxic ventilatory response (estimated during the hypoxic cycles) specifically in male rat pups. Ventilatory LTF was drastically reduced in P10 rats exposed to CIH, which was associated with higher apnea frequency during recovery. We conclude that CIH from birth enhances hypoxic chemoreflex and disrupts LTF development, thus likely contributing to increase apnea frequency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Julien
- Department of Pediatrics, Laval University, Centre de Recherche, Hôpital St-François d'Assise, Québec, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|